1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Hawkwind
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Hawkwind are an English rock band and one of the earliest space rock groups. Their lyrics favour urban and science fiction themes, formed in November 1969, Hawkwind have gone through many incarnations and they have incorporated different styles into their music, including hard rock, progressive rock and psychedelic rock. They are also regarded as an influential proto-punk band, dozens of musicians, dancers and writers have worked with the band since their inception. They are best known for the song Silver Machine, which became a number three UK hit single in 1972, but they scored further hit singles with Urban Guerrilla, twenty-two of their albums charted in the UK from 1971 to 1993. BBC Radio 1 DJ John Peel was in the audience and was impressed enough to tell event organiser, Douglas Smith, Smith signed them up and got them a deal with Liberty Records on the back of a deal he was setting up for Cochise. Pretty Things guitarist Dick Taylor was brought in to produce the 1970 debut album Hawkwind, although it was not a commercial success, it did bring them to the attention of the UK underground scene finding them playing free concerts, benefit gigs, and festivals. Their use of drugs, however, led to the departure of Harrison, Crimble played on a few BBC sessions before leaving to help organise the Glastonbury Free Festival 1971, he sat in during the bands performance there. Lloyd-Langton also quit, after a bad LSD trip at the Isle of Wight Festival led to a nervous breakdown and their followup album, 1971s In Search of Space, brought greater commercial success, reaching number 18 on the UK album charts. Science fiction author Michael Moorcock and dancer Stacia also started contributing to the band, dik Mik had left the band, replaced by sound engineer Del Dettmar, but chose to return for this album giving the band two electronics players. Anderson and Lloyd-Langton then formed the short-lived band Amon Din, meanwhile, Ollis quit, unhappy with the commercial direction the band were heading in. The addition of bassist Ian Lemmy Kilmister and drummer Simon King propelled the band to greater heights, one of the early gigs this band played was a benefit for the Greasy Truckers at The Roundhouse on 13 February 1972. A live album of the concert Greasy Truckers Party was released, and after re-recording the vocal and this generated sufficient funds for the subsequent album Doremi Fasol Latido Space Ritual tour. The show featured dancers Stacia and Miss Renee, mime artist Tony Carrera, dik Mik departed during 1973 and Calvert ended his association with the band to concentrate on solo projects. Dettmar left after a European tour and emigrated to Canada, whilst Alan Powell deputised for an incapacitated King on that European tour, but remained giving the band two drummers. At the beginning of 1975, the band recorded the album Warrior on the Edge of Time in collaboration with Michael Moorcock, however, during a North America tour in May, Lemmy was caught in possession of amphetamine crossing the border from the USA into Canada. The border police mistook the powder for cocaine and he was jailed, fed up with his erratic behaviour, the band fired the bass player replacing him with their long-standing friend and former Pink Fairies guitarist Paul Rudolph. Lemmy then teamed up with another Pink Fairies guitarist, Larry Wallis, to form Motörhead, Robert Calvert made a guest appearance with the band for their headline set at the Reading Festival in August 1975, after which he chose to rejoin the band as a full-time lead vocalist. Stacia, on the hand, chose to relinquish her dancing duties
3.
Liverpool Stadium
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Liverpool Stadium was a purpose-built boxing arena situated on St Pauls Square, Bixteth Street in Liverpool, England. The foundation stone was laid by the Earl of Lonsdale on 22 July 1932, the facade was finished in faience tiling with Art Deco detail, as were the lobby, corridors and public areas inside. The arena itself was wood panelled, aside from boxing, it hosted wrestling matches, pop and rock music concerts, political hustings and trade union meetings. It closed in 1985 and was demolished in 1987, beatle Pete, Time Traveller, Randy Press, details how Pete Bests grandfather, Johnny Best, Sr. founded and ran Liverpool Stadium and includes an overall history of the Stadium
4.
O2 Brixton Academy
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The Brixton Academy, officially called O2 Academy, Brixton, is one of Londons leading music venues, nightclubs and theatres. Situated in Brixton, south London, England, the building has hosted a range of leading rock acts since becoming a venue in 1983. The maximum capacity is 4,921, alternatively the all-seated capacity is 2,391, the venue started life as a cinema and theatre in 1929 on the site of a private garden in Stockwell Road. Designed by the architects Thomas Somerford and E A Stone, it was built at a cost of £250,000 as an Astoria theatre. The opening show was the Al Jolson film The Singing Fool, followed by a variety act, including Heddle Nash, the building still retains many of its original features, including the proscenium arch and Art Deco interior. The Astoria eventually closed its doors as a cinema on 29 July 1972 and it was then converted into the Sundown Centre rock venue in September 1972, but was not a success and the Sundown closed down some four months later. In May 1974 planning permission was sought to demolish the Grade II listed building and replace it with a motor showroom, however the redevelopment scheme was scrapped. The building was kept heated after it closed, and was used as an equipment store by the Rank Organisation. In 1981, The Astoria, remodelled by Sean Treacy, who ran the entire site services, was re-opened as a rock venue called The Fair Deal with a concert by UB40. The Clash played the venue in 1982 on their Casbah Club tour, in 1983, Simon Parkes bought the venue for £1, and re-opened it as the Brixton Academy. The Academys success steadily grew throughout the 1980s with numerous productions and it was hired out to major rock and pop acts such as Eric Clapton. The venue was used for video shoots for Wham and Culture Club. In 1995 Parkes sold the Brixton Academy to Break For The Border, the venue is currently run by the Academy Music Group after a re-branding in August 2004, and hosts a range of live acts and club nights. Being one of the biggest non-arena venues in London, the Brixton Academy has been used by many successful acts. The venue has also been voted venue of the twelve times since 1994 in the annual NME Awards. In addition the venue has won the Music Week Award for Venue of the Year several times including 2009, madonna played a special performance at the venue in 2000, to promote the release of her album, Music. The concert was broadcast live online and was watched by an audience of 9 million. Rammstein, Iron Maiden, The Clash, Deborah Harry, The Prodigy, Arcade Fire, Nine Inch Nails, Bob Dylan, HARD-Fi, the Mighty Boosh broke this record in 2008, with their second live show Boosh Live, playing seven consecutive nights
5.
London
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London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
6.
Progressive rock
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Progressive rock is a broad subgenre of rock music that developed in the United Kingdom and United States throughout the mid to late 1960s. Prog is based on fusions of styles, approaches and genres, Prog saw a high level of popularity in the early-to-mid 1970s, but faded soon after. Conventional wisdom holds that the rise of rock caused this. Music critics, who labelled the concepts as pretentious and the sounds as pompous and overblown. Early groups who exhibited progressive features are described as proto-prog. In 1967, progressive rock constituted a diversity of loosely associated style codes, the Canterbury scene, originating in the late 1960s, denoted a subset of prog bands who emphasised the use of wind instruments, complex chord changes and long improvisations. Rock in Opposition, from the late 1970s, was more avant-garde, in the 1980s, a new subgenre, neo-progressive rock, enjoyed some commercial success, although it was also accused of being derivative and lacking in innovation. Post-progressive draws upon newer developments in music and the avant-garde since the mid 1970s. The term progressive rock is synonymous with art rock, classical rock, historically, art rock has been used to describe at least two related, but distinct, types of rock music. Similarities between the two terms are that they describe a mostly British attempt to elevate rock music to new levels of artistic credibility. However, art rock is likely to have experimental or avant-garde influences. Prog was devised in the 1990s as a term, but later became a transferable adjective. Although a unidirectional English progressive style emerged in the late 1960s, by 1967, critics of the genre often limit its scope to a stereotype of long solos, overlong albums, fantasy lyrics, grandiose stage sets and costumes, and an obsessive dedication to technical skill. Author Kevin Holm-Hudson believes that rock is a style far more diverse than what is heard from its mainstream groups. They each do so largely unconsciously, academic John S. Cotner contests Macans view that progressive rock cannot exist without the continuous and overt assimilation of classical music into rock. Debate about the criteria and scope of the genre continues in the 2010s. In early references to the music, progressive was partly related to progressive politics, Cotner also says that progressive rock incorporates both formal and eclectic elements, It consists of a combination of factors – some of them intramusical, others extramusical or social. One way of conceptualising rock and roll in relation to music is that progressive music pushed the genre into greater complexity while retracing the roots of romantic
7.
Psychedelic rock
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Many psychedelic groups differ in style, and the label is often used indiscriminately. Musically, the effects may be represented via novelty studio tricks, electronic or non-Western instrumentation, disjunctive song structures, some of the earlier 1960s psychedelic rock musicians were based in folk, jazz, and the blues, while others showcased an explicit Indian classical influence called raga rock. In the 1960s, there existed two main variants of the genre, the whimsical British pop-psychedelia, and the harder American West Coast acid rock. While acid rock is often deployed interchangeably with the psychedelic rock, it can also refer more specifically to the heavier. The genre bridged the transition from early blues- and folk-based rock to rock and hard rock. Since the late 1970s it has revived in various forms of neo-psychedelia. The term psychedelic was first coined in 1956 by psychiatrist Humphry Osmond as a descriptor for hallucinogenic drugs in the context of psychedelic psychotherapy. As the countercultural scene developed in San Francisco, the acid rock. In the popular music of the early 1960s, it was common for producers, songwriters, and engineers to freely experiment with form, arrangements, unnatural reverb. Some of the best known examples are Phil Spectors Wall of Sound production formula, there was no transition to be made. You go from things like Flying Purple People Eater to I Am the Walrus, music critic Richie Unterberger says that attempts to pin down the first psychedelic record are therefore nearly as elusive as trying to name the first rock & roll record. Some of the far-fetched claims include the instrumental Telstar and the Dave Clark Fives massively reverb-laden Any Way You Want It, the first mention of LSD on a rock record was the Gamblers 1960 surf instrumental LSD25. American folk singer Bob Dylan was an influence on mid 1960s rock music. He led directly to the creation of rock and the psychedelic rock musicians that followed. Molly Longman of mic. com writes that, in terms of bridging the relationship between music and hallucinogens, the Beatles and the Beach Boys were the eras most pivotal acts. The considerable success enjoyed by these two bands allowed them the freedom to experiment with new technology over entire albums. In Unterbergers opinion, the Byrds, emerging from the Californian folk scene, with their ominous minor key melodies, hyperactive instrumental breaks, and use of Gregorian chants. In the songs lyric, the requests, Take me on a trip upon your magic swirling ship
8.
Proto-punk
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Proto-punk is the rock music played by garage bands from the 1960s and early 1970s that presaged the punk rock movement. According to the Allmusic guide, Proto-punk was never a cohesive movement, what ties proto-punk together is a certain provocative sensibility that didnt fit the prevailing counterculture of the time. It was consciously subversive and fully aware of its outsider status, in terms of its lasting influence, much proto-punk was primitive and stripped-down, even when it wasnt aggressive, and its production was usually just as unpolished. It also frequently dealt with subject matter, depicting societys grimy underbelly in great detail. Many bands were active in the mid-to-late 1960s playing garage rock, many of such bands are likewise regarded as examples of proto-punk. The Sonics 1965 debut album Here Are the Sonics has been called a template for punk rock. The raw sound and outsider attitude of psychedelic garage bands like the Seeds also presaged the style of bands that would become known as the figures of proto-punk. In 1969, debut albums by two key proto-punk bands were released, Detroits MC5 released Kick Out the Jams in January, in Bogdanov, Vladimmir, Woodstra, Chris, Erlewine, Stephen Thomas. All Music Guide to Rock, The Definitive Guide to Rock, Pop, the A to X of Alternative Music. Lipstick Traces, A Secret History of the Twentieth Century
9.
Heavy metal music
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Heavy metal is a genre of rock music that developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s, largely in the United Kingdom and the United States. Heavy metal lyrics and performance styles are associated with aggression. The first heavy metal such as Led Zeppelin, Black Sabbath. During the mid-1970s, Judas Priest helped spur the evolution by discarding much of its blues influence, Motörhead introduced a punk rock sensibility. Beginning in the late 1970s, bands in the new wave of British heavy metal such as Iron Maiden, before the end of the decade, heavy metal fans became known as metalheads or headbangers. During the 1980s, glam metal became popular with such as Mötley Crüe. Since the mid-1990s popular styles have further expanded the definition of the genre and these include groove metal and nu metal, the latter of which often incorporates elements of grunge and hip hop. Heavy metal is characterized by loud distorted guitars, emphatic rhythms, dense bass-and-drum sound. Metal subgenres variously emphasize, alter, or omit one or more of these attributes, the typical band lineup includes a drummer, a bassist, a rhythm guitarist, a lead guitarist, and a singer, who may or may not be an instrumentalist. Keyboard instruments are used to enhance the fullness of the sound. Deep Purples Jon Lord played an overdriven Hammond organ, in 1970, John Paul Jones used a Moog synthesizer on Led Zeppelin III, by the 1990s, in. almost every subgenre of heavy metal synthesizers were used. The electric guitar and the power that it projects through amplification has historically been the key element in heavy metal. The heavy metal guitar sound comes from a use of high volumes. Guitar solos are an element of the heavy metal code. That underscores the significance of the guitar to the genre, most heavy metal songs featur at least one guitar solo, which is a primary means through which the heavy metal performer expresses virtuosity. One exception is nu metal bands, which tend to omit guitar solos, with rhythm guitar parts, the heavy crunch sound in heavy metal. Palm muting the strings with the hand and using distortion. Palm muting creates a tighter, more sound and it emphasizes the low end
10.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
11.
United Artists Records
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Brazilian soprano Bidu Sayão was the featured soloist on the unusual recording, which was released on both LP and reel-to-reel tape. Berry Gordy placed a number of early Motown acts with UA including Marv Johnson, UA signed Jerry Leiber and Mike Stoller ro produce the variety of artists signed to the label after they left Atlantic. They had hits with the Exciters, Bobby Goldsboro, Jay and the Americans, UA also covered folk with the inclusion of Gordon Lightfoot on the roster, and easy listening mood music with the piano duo Ferrante & Teicher. The soundtracks from the James Bond movies and A Hard Days Night were very popular United Artists releases in the 1960s. However, the soundtrack album of United Artists film musical, West Side Story, was released by Columbia Records. As Henry Mancini was signed to RCA Victor, that handled the soundtracks of the United Artists films that he composed the music for. In addition to soundtracks and pop output, United Artists also produced a series of records under the Tale Spinners For Children name throughout the 1960s. These were album-length adaptations of fairy tales and childrens stories done in an audio drama format. United Artists also had a few labels, Unart, Ascot, United Artists Jazz, Musicor Ultra Audio. Unart was initially created in 1958 and was only in operation until 1959 producing some vocal group 45 singles, United Artists involvement with jazz was significant. The company recruited Alan Douglas in 1960 to run its new jazz department, the companys jazz included albums by Duke Ellington and Art Farmer, although there were only a few jazz titles after about 1963. In 1961, designer and photographer Frank Gauna who worked with Alan Douglas joined the company as art director after Candid Records was discontinued, Gauna photographed and designed a variety of album covers for the company. Around 1966 a subsidiary jazz label Solid State was founded, which lasted until 1969, on recordings by the Thad Jones-Mel Lewis Orchestra and Chick Corea. After the merger, Libertys ownership of Blue Note resulted in Solid States artists being transferred to the more prestigious label, and Solid State itself was wound up. In 1966 United Artists acquired the masters of Sue Records, a New York R&B/soul label whose artist roster included Ike & Tina Turner, Justine Baby Washington, some Sue material was reissued on Unart. United Artists Special Projects were budget records designed for product and movie tie-ins, in 1969, United Artists merged with co-owned Liberty Records and its subsidiary Imperial Records. Mainstream pop acts were signed to the label, among them being Traffic, the Spencer Davis Group, Peter Sarstedt, Shirley Bassey, the label also attempted, without success, to update the style of 1950s rock group Bill Haley & His Comets with a 1968 single. Later, through a deal with Don Ardens Jet Records
12.
Liberty Records
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Liberty Records was a United States-based record label. It was started by chairman Simon Waronker in 1955 with Al Bennett as president and it was reactivated in 2001 in the United Kingdom and had two previous revivals. Libertys early releases focused on film and orchestral music and its first single was Lionel Newmans The Girl Upstairs. Its first big hit, in 1955, was by Julie London singing her version of the song, Cry Me a River. It helped Liberty sell her first album, Julie Is Her Name and she was to record 32 albums in her career. In 1956 Liberty signed the little-known Henry Mancini and they released two singles and several albums for him, but he left in 1959 when he gained in popularity. Billy Rose and Lee Davids song, Tonight You Belong to Me, scored a number 4 and number 28 as performed by teen sisters Patience and Prudence and their biggest early rock and roll artist was Eddie Cochran, who had just starred in his second film, Untamed Youth. His first hit for the label was John D. Loudermilks Sittin in the Balcony in 1957, then came Summertime Blues, the label was also home to R&B veterans Billy Ward and His Dominoes after Jackie Wilson quit, replacing him with ex-Lark Eugene Mumford. They hit with Hoagy Carmichaels 1927 song, Stardust – already recorded by many artists – which rode the pop chart for 24 weeks, the track also reached number 13 in the UK Singles Chart in October 1957. It was to be their only million seller, the song became a number 1 hit and rescued the company. In just a few months leading up to Christmas in 1958 and it became the only Christmas record to reach number 1 on the pop chart, selling 4.5 million copies. Its success led to a string of similar albums by Denny for Liberty over the next decade. In 1965 Liberty acquired Pacific Jazz Records, founded in 1952, in 1958 Liberty formed a sublabel called Freedom Records which lasted through 1959. In 1959 Liberty moved to its long-time address at 6920 Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, Libertys most successful signing of the early 1960s was Bobby Vee. They picked up his single recorded for Soma with his combo the Shadows, Suzie Baby and he covered the Clovers 1955 doo-wop ballad, Devil or Angel in mid-1960 and later that year recorded Gene Pitneys Rubber Ball which made him an international star. In the summer of 1961 Vee had a big hit with Take Good Care of My Baby and he regularly had Hot 100 hits until 1970. Other major signings included Willie Nelson, Jan and Dean, Johnny Burnette, Gene McDaniels, Del Shannon, Gary Lewis and the Playboys, Timi Yuro, in 1963 the Liberty Records label was sold to Avnet for $12 million. Avnet also bought Blue Note Records, Imperial Records, Dolton Records, Aladdin Records, after two years of losses, Avnet sold the labels back to Al Bennett for $8 million
13.
Parlophone
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Parlophone Limited is a German-British record label that was founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The British branch of the company was formed in 8 August 1923 as The Parlophone Co. Ltd. which developed a reputation in the 1920s as a jazz record label. In 5 October 1926, the Columbia Graphophone Company acquired Parlophones business, name, Columbia Graphophone later merged with the Gramophone Company in 31 March 1931 to become Electric & Musical Industries Limited. George Martin joined EMI in 1950 as assistant label manager, taking over as manager in 1955, Martin produced and released a mix of product including comedy recordings of the Goons, the pianist Mrs Mills, and teen idol Adam Faith. For a long time Parlophone claimed the best-selling UK single She Loves You, peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, both by The Beatles. The label also achieved placement of seven singles at No.1 during 1964, Parlophone continued as a division of EMI until it was merged into the Gramophone Co. Ltd. on 1 July 1965. On 1 July 1973, the Gramophone Co. Ltd. was renamed EMI Records Limited, on 28 September 2012, regulators officially approved Universal Music Group s planned acquisition of EMI, on condition that its EMI Records Ltd. group would be divested from the combined group. EMI Records Ltd. included Parlophone and other labels to be divested and were for a time operated in a single entity known as the Parlophone Label Group. Warner Music Group later acquired Parlophone and PLG in 7 February 2013, making Parlophone their new third flagship label, alongside Warner Bros. Records, PLG was renamed as the Parlophone Records Limited group in May 2013. Parlophone is now the oldest of WMGs three flagship record labels, Parlophone was founded in Germany in 1896 by the Carl Lindström Company as Parlophon. The name Parlophon had been used for gramophones before the company began making records of their own. The labels ₤ trademark is a German L that stands for its original founder Lindström and it has coincidentally been said to resemble the British pound sign, which itself is derived from the letter L for the Ancient Roman unit of measurement Libra, which means pound in Latin. During World War I, the Transoceanic Trading Company was set up in the Netherlands to look after its overseas assets, on 8 August 1923, the British branch of Parlophone was established, led by artists and repertoire manager Oscar Preuss. Parlophone established a leasing arrangement with the co-owned United States-based record label Okeh Records. The CLPGS has published a list of Parlophone titles issued between the years of 1923 and 1956, in 1927, the Columbia Graphophone Company acquired a controlling interest in the Carl Lindström Company and in Parlophone. In 31 March 1931, Columbia Graphophone merged with the Gramophone Company to form Electric & Musical Industries Ltd, under EMI, Parlophone initially maintained its status as a jazz label. In about 1929 or 1930, the Rhythm Style Series started, besides the Okeh recordings, Parlophone also issued recordings from Columbia Records and Brunswick Records, as well as a few sessions produced at Decca Records. As time went on, the label also released speciality recordings of word and comedy recordings, including the comedy recordings of the Goons and Flanders
14.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
15.
Doremi Fasol Latido
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Doremi Fasol Latido is the third studio album by English space rock band Hawkwind. It was produced by Rockfield Studios and released in 1972 and it reached No.14 on the UK album charts. The rhythm section of Dave Anderson and Terry Ollis was replaced by Lemmy and Simon King and this changed the band’s overall musical direction. Lemmy was a self-confessed inept guitarist who used volume and stagecraft to cover his lack of ability and he became a bassist by accident after joining the band, thinking he was replacing Huw Lloyd Langton. Lemmy said However, Dave Brock decided to lead and continue without a second guitarist. Hawkwind’s bass guitarist failed to turn up and Lemmy was available and he said, This led to Lemmy’s very unorthodox technique. Lemmy stated, King’s drumming was more square beat and “rock” than the jazzier free-flowing Ollis. and it was all thin and tinny. Dave Brock explained their method of working as we recorded bass, guitar, drums and vocals together, so its as live as it can be and its improvised, but its together in the first place. Brainstorm is Turners first solo composition for the band and features a middle section that would be reworked throughout the years. It has almost remained an ever present in the set with numerous live versions being released and has been covered by Monster Magnet on their 1993 album Superjudge. Space Is Deep lyrics are derived from Michael Moorcocks Black Corridor poem, one Change is a brief sedate instrumental featuring a heavily echoed keyboard contribution from Dettmar. An edited version of Lord of Light was released as a single in Germany backed by a version of Born to Go from the Greasy Truckers Party album. It was dropped from the set in the mid-1970s, but reinstated for the 1995 Alien 4 tour. Down Through the Night is another Brock acoustic number with layered electronics, flute, for the Space Ritual set it featured the full electric band. The second movement is an instrumental dissonance passage leading into the third movement featuring a bass guitar and lead guitar interchange. It appeared in the Space Ritual set with Paranoia replacing the middle section, the Watcher is Lemmys first composition for Hawkwind, this being a spacious acoustic number with fuzz-bass. The lyrics were written from the perspective of someone from afar watching the inhabitants of Earth destroy themselves through their own greed, Lemmy would re-record the song with Motörhead on their 1977 debut album Motorhead. The package was put together and titled by graphic artist Barney Bubbles and is a continuation on themes he introduced with In Search of Space carried through, the title refers to the assignment of syllables to steps of the diatonic scale
16.
Hall of the Mountain Grill
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Hall of the Mountain Grill is the fourth studio album by space rock band Hawkwind, released in 1974. It is regarded by critics as a career highlight. The albums title was a nod to Edvard Griegs In the Hall of the Mountain King and to a Portobello Road cafe called The Mountain Grill, the cover of a derelict spaceship in the mists of an alien lagoon was painted by the bands regular artistic collaborator, Barney Bubbles. The rear cover was by space artist David Hardy, side two of the original vinyl LP was bookended by Youd Better Believe It and Paradox, live tracks recorded at the Edmonton Sundown in January 1974, that recalled the space jams of earlier releases. In the wake of Robert Calverts departure, lead vocals for the album were performed by Dave Brock, along with Lemmy on Lost Johnny, the bands line-up would continue to shift during the year. Del Dettmar left prior to the release of Hall of the Mountain Grill to live in Canada, science fiction author and friend of the group Michael Moorcock stepped in to read poetry at their concerts. Jonathan Smeeton has stated that Brock specifically wrote Wind of Change for a slide sequence he had on the Space Ritual tour. At the time of the release, Simon King stated The Doremi album lacked production. I wasnt really happy with the Space Ritual either, but the new one – Im quite pleased with it. I like side one because I think its something we havent done before, yeah – Im pleased with half of the new album. Lemmy later commented that For me, this was when the band were at their height, oh, and I was in the band at the time. Listing it as No.3 in My Top British Rock Albums, after the release of the successful live album Space Ritual and single Urban Guerrilla in 1973, vocalist Robert Calvert and electronics player Dik Mik Davies left, leaving the group as a five-piece. In November and December 1973, Hawkwind undertook their first live tour of North America taking in ten dates, during this time, Del Dettmar bought land near Calgary Canada and signalled to the group his intent that he and his pregnant wife were to emigrate. The group continued touring heavily around Britain and Ireland from December into February under the banner The Ridiculous Roadshow with the Silly Hawkwind Brothers, by this time, their live set had been revamped and contained what would become the bulk of this album. These dates were recorded, with the performances of Youd Better Believe It, Paradox and Its So Easy appearing on the album and singles. Although Dettmar still hadnt left the group, House joined the band for this tour, the Chicago and Detroit shows on 21 and 23 March were professionally recorded, the former being released in 1997 as The 1999 Party. Returning to England, the band went to Clearwell Castle to rehearse, then entered Olympic Studios to record album in May and June, with help from producers Doug Bennett. The lead singles Psychedelic Warlords in the UK and a version of Youd Better Believe It in France were issued on 2 August
17.
Pitchfork (website)
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Pitchfork is an American online magazine launched in 1995 by Ryan Schreiber, based in Chicago, Illinois and owned by Condé Nast. The site generally concentrates on new music, but Pitchfork journalists have also reviewed reissues, in late 1995, Ryan Schreiber, a recent high school graduate, created the magazine in Minneapolis. Influenced by local fanzines and KUOM, Schreiber, who had no writing experience. At first being Turntable, the site was updated monthly with interviews and reviews, in May 1996, the site began publishing daily and was renamed Pitchfork, alluding to Tony Montanas tattoo in Scarface. In early 1999, Schreiber relocated Pitchfork to Chicago, Illinois, by then, the site had expanded to four full-length album reviews daily, as well as sporadic interviews, features, and columns. It had also begun garnering a following for its coverage of underground music and its writing style. In October, the added a daily music news section. Pitchfork has launched a variety of subsidiary websites, Pitchfork. tv, a website displaying videos related to many independent music acts, launched in April 2008. It features bands that are found on Pitchfork. In July 2010, Pitchfork announced Altered Zones, a blog devoted to underground. On 21 May 2011, Pitchfork announced a partnership with Kill Screen, Altered Zones was closed on November 30. On December 26,2012, Pitchfork launched Nothing Major, a website that covered visual arts such as fine art, Nothing Major closed in October 2013. On October 13,2015, Condé Nast announced that it had acquired Pitchfork, following the sale, Schreiber remained as editor-in-chief. On March 13,2016, Pitchfork was redesigned, some publications have cited Pitchfork in having played a part in breaking artists such as Arcade Fire, Sufjan Stevens, Clap Your Hands Say Yeah, Interpol, The Go. Conversely, Pitchfork has also seen as being a negative influence on some indie artists. A dismissive 0.0 review of former Dismemberment Plan frontman Travis Morrisons Travistan album led to a sales drop. On the other hand, an endorsement from Pitchfork – which dispenses its approval one-tenth of a point at a time, up to a maximum of 10 points – is very valuable, indeed. Examples of Pitchforks impact include, Arcade Fire is among the bands most commonly cited to have benefited from a Pitchfork review
18.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
19.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
20.
Barney Bubbles
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Barney Bubbles was an English graphic artist whose work encompassed graphic design and music video direction. Bubbles, who sketched and painted privately, is best known for his distinctive contribution to the design practices associated with the British independent music scene of the 1970s and 1980s. His record sleeves, laden with symbols and riddles, were his most recognisable output, Fulcher was born in Tranmere Road, Whitton, Middlesex, in July 1942. In 1958 he embarked on a retail display course for a National Diploma in Design at the art school of Twickenham College of Technology, after leaving college in 1963 Fulcher worked as an assistant at the design company Michael Tucker + Associates in London. In a rare interview in November 1981 in The Face, Bubbles described Tuckers discipline as very Swiss, very hard, unjustified and he taught me everything about typography. Tuckers studio produced the posters for Hugh Hudsons Pirelli-sponsored film The Tortoise & The Hare, in May 1965, Fulcher was recruited by The Conran Group as senior graphic designer alongside Stafford Cliff, Virginia Clive-Smith and John Muggeridge. He produced a variety of commissions for Conran, including the Norman-style archer logo for Strongbow cider. Fulcher also established an association with Justin de Blank, a director at Conran, between 1965 and 1966 Fulcher organised happenings, parties and other events under the name A1 Good Guyz with two graduates of Twickenham Art College, David Wills and Roy Burge. In 1967 Fulcher became known as Barney Bubbles, though he did not change his name by deed poll for more years. The name came about when Fulcher was operating a light show created a bubble effect by mixing oils. These lightshows were for groups including the Gun and Quintessence at underground venues including the Roundhouse, Jim Hayness Drury Lane Arts Lab, with Wills, Bubbles undertook freelance design commissions, including a redesign of Motor Racing magazine and a recipe book for the English Egg Marketing Board. With a team of contributors Bubbles and Wills art-directed Oz magazine issue 12, dubbed The Tax Dodge Special, early in 1969, Bubbles took the lease on a three-storey building at 307 Portobello Road in Notting Hill Gate, West London. He converted the space into a graphic art studio, which he named Teenburger Designs. His first record sleeve design was for Quintessences LP In Blissful Company, the gatefold sleeve design uses illustrations by Gopala on the front and back, and contains a monochrome glued-in booklet inside. Following the closure of Teenburger in 1970 as a result of the disappearance of Molton and Warwick, in 1972 Bubbles produced the triple LP package Glastonbury Fayre. This comprised a six-panel fold-out card sleeve, two poster inserts, a booklet and a cut-out and build miniature pyramid, housed in a vinyl bag. From 1973 onwards, Bubbles increasingly avoided credits for his artwork, in 1976 his design relationship with Hawkwind came to an end. It was rekindled once, in 1978, for the Hawklords spin-off, Barney Bubbles joined Stiff Records as designer and art director early in 1977
21.
Musica universalis
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This music is not usually thought to be literally audible, but a harmonic, mathematical or religious concept. The idea continued to appeal to thinkers about music until the end of the Renaissance, influencing scholars of many kinds, further scientific exploration has determined specific proportions in some orbital motion, described as orbital resonance. The discovery of the relation between the pitch of the musical note and the length of the string that produces it is attributed to Pythagoras. Subsequently, Plato described astronomy and music as twinned studies of sensual recognition, astronomy for the eyes, music for the ears, aristotle is the first in giving a critical exposition of the pythagorean notion of the harmony of the spheres. Because of that, one believes being authorized to conclude that stars so numerous, but as it would be very surprising that we did not hear that pretentious voice, it explain us the cause, saying that noise is in our ears since our birth date. It is also referred to in Esoteric Christianity as the place where the state of consciousness known as the Second Heaven occurs, the connection between music, mathematics, and astronomy had a profound impact on history. A small number of recent compositions either make reference to or are based on the concepts of Musica Universalis or Harmony of the Spheres, earlier, in the 1910s, Danish composer Rued Langgaard composed a pioneering orchestral work titled Music of the Spheres. Asteroseismology Esoteric cosmology Harmonices Mundi Orbital resonance This Is My Fathers World Titius–Bode law Ray of Creation Sacred geometry Shabd Space music Davis, the Republic The Statesman of Plato. London, M. W. Dunne 1901, Nabu Press reprint,2010, roger Bacon and the sciences, commemorative essays. The Harmony of the World, translated by E. J, aiton, A. M. Duncan and J. V. Field. Natural History, books I-II, translated by H. Rackham, ptolemys theory of visual perception, an English translation of the Optics. Weiss, Piero and Taruskin, Richard,2008, Music in the Western World, a history in documents. Pythagoras & Music of the Spheres, johannes Kepler & the Music of the Spheres. Die Bedeutung der Musik im Leben der Römer, burkert W. Weisheit und Wissenschaft, Studien zu Pythagoras, Philolaos und Platon. Nürnberg,1962 Richter L. Tantus et tam dulcis sonus, die Lehre von der Sphärenharmonie in Rom und ihre griechischen Quellen // Geschichte der Musiktheorie
22.
Roadhawks
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Roadhawks, is a 1976 compilation album by Hawkwind covering the years 1970-1975. The band referred to their shows with the term Roadhawks for many years. However, there is one live song on the album. The inside cover includes a photograph of the band in concert that appears to feature frozen strobe lights. The tracks are mostly in order, You Shouldnt Do That was originally released on Hawkwinds second album. The music was compiled and remixed by Dave Brock and included Silver Machine and Urban Guerilla, the album reached #45 on the UK album charts. A previously unreleased version of You Shouldnt Do That/Seeing It As You Really Are is included on this album. This performance was taken from the live show where the bulk of Space Ritual was derived. This track would likely have included in the original release of that seminal live album except for a break in the recording. The song is now included as a track on CD reissues of the Space Ritual album. This album was a favorite of many early Hawkwind fans due to the inclusion of standout tracks, also, many of the bands early albums were difficult to locate in the U. S. In particular, Wind of Change and The Golden Void are preferred by listeners in their setting on this album as opposed to their placement on the original albums
23.
Hawkwind Anthology
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The Hawkwind Anthology series of records were originally issued mid-1980s containing live and outtake material from Hawkwinds career to that date. Dave Brock compiled the package, essentially a best of The Weird Tapes and it was released as three separate discs and also as a picture disc box set including an interview disc. It was subsequently licensed to receiver records and eventutally sold to Castle Communications who have released as an extended set. But we never got any royalties out of the Anthology sets we did with them, then he sold the catalogue onto various companies
24.
Michael Moorcock
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Michael John Moorcock is an English writer, primarily of science fiction and fantasy, who has also published literary novels. He is best known for his novels about the character Elric of Melniboné and his publication of Bug Jack Barron by Norman Spinrad as a serial novel was notorious, in Parliament some British MPs condemned the Arts Council for funding the magazine. He is also a recording musician, contributing to the band Hawkwind. In 2008, The Times newspaper named Moorcock in its list of The 50 greatest British writers since 1945. Michael Moorcock was born in London in 1939 and the landscape of London, particularly the area of Notting Hill Gate, Moorcock is the former husband of Hilary Bailey. He is also the husband of Jill Riches, who later married Robert Calvert. She illustrated some of Moorcocks book covers, including the Gloriana dustjacket, Moorcock was the subject of two book-length works, a monograph and an interview, by Colin Greenland. In 1983, Greenland published The Entropy Exhibition, Michael Moorcock and he followed this with Michael Moorcock, Death is No Obstacle, a book-length interview in 1992. In the 1990s, he moved to Texas in the United States and he spends half of the year in Texas, the other half in Paris. Moorcocks works are noted for their nature and content. In one interview, Moorcock states, I am an anarchist and my moral/philosophical position is that of an anarchist. Further, in describing how his writing relates to his philosophy, Moorcock says, My books frequently deal with aristocratic heroes, gods. All of them end on a note which often states quite boldly that one should serve neither gods nor masters, besides using fiction to explore his politics, Moorcock also engages in political activism. Moorcock began writing whilst he was still at school, contributing to a magazine he entitled Outlaws Own from 1950 on. In 1957 at the age of 17, Moorcock became editor of the Tarzan Adventures where he published at least a dozen of his own Sojan the Swordsman stories during that year, at age 18, he wrote the allegorical fantasy novel The Golden Barge. This remained unpublished until 1980, when it was issued by Savoy Books with an introduction by M. John Harrison, at 19 years of age he also edited Sexton Blake Library and returned to late Victorian London for some of his books. Writing ever since, he has produced a volume of work. His first story in New Worlds was Going Home, Moorcock replaced Carnell as New Worlds editor from the May–June 1964 number
25.
Q (magazine)
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Q is a popular music magazine published monthly in the United Kingdom. Q was first published by the EMAP media group in October 1986, setting apart from much of the other music press with monthly production and higher standards of photography. In the early years, the magazine was sub-titled The modern guide to music, originally it was to be called Cue, but the name was changed so that it wouldnt be mistaken for a snooker magazine. Another reason, cited in Qs 200th edition, is that a title would be more prominent on newsstands. In January 2008 EMAP sold its consumer titles, including Q. The magazine has a review section, featuring, new releases, reissues, music compilations, film and live concert reviews, as well as radio. It uses a system from one to five stars, indeed. While its content is non-free they host an archive of all of their magazine covers, much of the magazine is devoted to interviews with popular musical artists. It is well known for compiling lists and it has created many, ranging from The 100 Greatest albums to the 100 Greatest 100 Greatest Lists. Every other month, Q — and its magazine, Mojo — have a special edition. These have been about musical times, genres, or a very important/influential musician, often, promotional gifts are given away, such as cover-mounted CDs or books. The January 2006 issue included a copy of The Greatest Rock. Every issue of Q has a different message on the spine, readers then try to work out what the message has to do with the contents of the mag. This practice — known as the spine line — has since become commonplace among British lifestyle magazines, including Qs sister publication, Empire, on 4 March 2007, Q named Elvis Presley the greatest singer of all time. The magazine has a relationship with the Glastonbury Festival, producing both a free daily newspaper on site during the festival and a review magazine available at the end of the festival. In late 2008 Q revamped its image, with an amount of text. This Rolling Stone-isation has led to criticism from much of the traditional Q readership, in 2006, Q published a readers survey, the 100 Greatest Songs Ever, won by Oasis Live Forever. Q has a history of associating with charitable organisations, and in 2006 the British anti-poverty charity War on Want was named its official charity, in the April 2007 issue, Q published an article containing the 100 Greatest Singers, won by Elvis Presley
26.
Mojo (magazine)
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Mojo is a popular music magazine published initially by Emap, and since January 2008 by Bauer, monthly in the United Kingdom. Following the success of the magazine Q, publishers Emap were looking for a title that would cater for the burgeoning interest in rock music. Mojo was first published on 15 October 1993, in keeping with its classic rock aesthetic, noted for its in-depth coverage of both popular and cult acts, it acted as the inspiration for Blender and Uncut. Many noted music critics have written for it including Charles Shaar Murray, Greil Marcus, Nick Kent, the launch editor of Mojo was Paul Du Noyer and his successors have included Mat Snow, Paul Trynka and Pat Gilbert. While some criticise it for its frequent coverage of rock acts such as the Beatles and Bob Dylan, it has nevertheless featured many newer. It was the first mainstream magazine in the UK to focus on the White Stripes, Mojo regularly includes a covermount CD that ties in with a current magazine article or theme. In 2004 it introduced the Mojo Honours list, a ceremony that is a mixture of readers. Two hundred photographers and writers from Mojo and Bauers other music magazines, more recently, the magazine has taken to publishing many Top 100 lists, including the subjects of drug songs, rock epics, protest songs and even the most miserable songs of all time. To celebrate 150 issues, the published an Top 100 Albums of Mojos Lifetime list. The list was compiled and voted on by a panel of superstars, including Björk, Tori Amos, Tom Waits, Brian Wilson, Pete Wentz. Little Richards 1955 hit Tutti Frutti took the one spot. Richards record, dubbed a torrent of filth wailed by an alien, beat the Beatles I Want to Hold Your Hand. The magazines editors claimed that the 100 albums, singles and 78s that made up the list make up the most influential and inspirational recordings ever made. Hailing Tutti Frutti as the sound of the birth of rock n roll, three of the most successful were the series telling the story of the Beatles – one thousand days at a time. Other special editions have focused on Pink Floyd, Psychedelia, Punk, the company behind the magazine, Bauer, also produced a digital radio station. This station was called Mojo Radio, and was transmitted on the television networks in the UK. The output of the station was based on that of the magazine and it was announced on 5 November 2008 that Mojo Radio would cease broadcasting on 30 November 2008 in order to save Bauer the financial outlay. The magazines current editor-in-chief, Phil Alexander, has a show on the UK digital radio station Planet Rock entitled Mojo Rocks where he follows a Mojo-inspired playlist
27.
1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die
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1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die is a musical reference book first published in 2005 by Universe Publishing. It compiles writings and information on albums chosen by a panel of critics to be the most important, influential. The book was edited by Robert Dimery, a writer and editor who had worked for magazines such as Time Out. Each entry in the books list of albums is accompanied by an essay written by a music critic, along with pictures, quotes. Only albums consisting fully of original material by a particular artist were included, the most recent edition consists of a list of albums released between 1955 and 2016, part of a series from Quintessence Editions Ltd. The book is arranged chronologically, starting with Frank Sinatras In the Wee Small Hours, in February 2006, Publishers Weekly called the book a. bookshelf-busting testament to music geeks mania for lists and said it. is about as comprehensive a best-of as any sane person could want. They continued, For music lovers, it doesnt get much better, the 2006 version had an average rating of 3.92 stars out of 5 on Amazon. coms social cataloging website Goodreads, with 860 ratings as of April 30,2015. The same 2006 version had a rating of 3.5 stars out of 5 on Amazon. com. Most of the recommendations are rock and pop albums from the Western world. 1001 Albums also features selections from world music, rhythm and blues, blues, folk, hip hop, country, electronic music, and jazz. The rock and pop albums include such subgenres as punk rock, grindcore, heavy metal, alternative rock, progressive rock, easy listening, thrash metal, grunge and 1950s-style rock, classical and modern art music are excluded. These artists have the most albums in the 2016 edition,7 albums, The Beatles, Elvis Costello, Bob Dylan. 6 albums, Morrissey, The Rolling Stones,5 albums, The Byrds, Brian Eno, Led Zeppelin, Iggy Pop, Sonic Youth, Bruce Springsteen, Tom Waits, The Who. 4 albums, Nick Cave and The Bad Seeds, Leonard Cohen, Miles Davis, P. J. Harvey, The Kinks, Metallica, Joni Mitchell, Pink Floyd, Radiohead, steely Dan, The Talking Heads, U2, Stevie Wonder. Originally published in 2005, the book was revised in 2008,2011,2013, the 2011 edition includes 25 albums released from 2005 to 2009, with the same number of albums removed from the first edition to keep the total at 1001
28.
Dave Brock
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David Anthony Dave Brock is an English singer-songwriter and musician. He plays electric guitar, keyboards, bass and oscillators and he is best known as being one of the founders and musical focus of the English space rock group Hawkwind. Brock is the member of the group to have been a constant throughout the bands history. Brock was honoured with an achievement award at the annual Progressive Music Awards in 2013. Born in Isleworth, Middlesex, England, Brocks childhood was spent in Feltham and it was his fathers brother who introduced him to music giving him a banjo at the age twelve, and a school art teacher who encouraged him in his learning. Influences at this time included Fats Domino and Humphrey Lyttelton, after leaving school in 1959, he undertook several jobs including work as capstan setter, before moving to an animation company, Larkin Studios. 2 in 1966, and backed travelling American blues singers such as Memphis Slim, the band would continue without Brock, recording an album in 1967. Quitting his daytime job, he travelled around Europe earning money by busking, with the psychedelic scene burgeoning in London and the band using LSD, their music changed with them starting to use electric instruments and effects units. In April and May, Dave joined the Buskers Tour of the UK, in 1969, Slattery and Brock continued jamming together and with whoever else was around. The genesis of Hawkwind was in their meeting with bass player John A Harrison, from the outset, Brocks intentions for the band was to marry simple three-chord rock music with experimental electronic music. He cites his influences for the band at the time as The Moody Blues, Steve Miller Band, doctor Technical was an alter ego created by Brock for his production credit on Silver Machine. He has regularly used the alias since at times, notably for the album Church of Hawkwind. He has also used the aliases Dr. Hasbeen and Sylvia Macmanus, Brock remained Hawkwinds musical focus and primary songwriter throughout its existence. He has little interest in lyrics and much of the time has benefited from collaborating with such as Robert Calvert. At other times, the band is totally obscured by their light show. The band is based in Devon where they rehearse and record in a converted barn named Earth Studios, Dave has used a variety of guitars over the years, but has steadfastly used Westone for over 25 years. Noticeably, Dave has also used the same amp for 10+ years now, a Roland JC120, connected to a Line 6 Pod V2, for releases with Hawkwind, see the Hawkwind discography article
29.
Orgone
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Orgone is a pseudoscientific and spiritual concept described as an esoteric energy or hypothetical universal life force, originally proposed in the 1930s by Wilhelm Reich. Orgone was seen as a massless, omnipresent substance, similar to luminiferous aether and it could allegedly coalesce to create organization on all scales, from the smallest microscopic units—called bions in orgone theory—to macroscopic structures like organisms, clouds, or even galaxies. Reich stated that deficits or constrictions in bodily orgone were at the root of many diseases, Reich designed special orgone accumulators—devices ostensibly collecting and storing orgone energy from the environment—for improvement of general health or even for weather control. Ultimately, the U. S. Reich rescinded the claim that accumulator could provide orgastic potency, the National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health lists orgone as a type of putative energy. There is no support for the concept of orgone in medicine or the physical sciences. The concept of orgone belongs to Reichs later work, after he immigrated to the US and he was expelled from the Institute of Psycho-analysis because of these disagreements over the nature of the libido and his increasingly political stance. He was forced to leave Germany very soon after Hitler came to power, Reich took an increasingly bioenergetic view of libido, perhaps influenced by his tutor Paul Kammerer and another biologist, Otto Heinrich Warburg. As a psycho-analyst Reich aligned such theories with the Freudian libido and he wrote in his best known book, The Function of the Orgasm, Between 1919 and 1921, I became familiar with Drieschs Philosophie des Organischen and his Ordnungslehre. Drieschs contention seemed incontestable to me and he argued that, in the sphere of the life function, the whole could be developed from a part, whereas a machine could not be made from a screw. However, I couldnt quite accept the transcendentalism of the life principle, seventeen years later I was able to resolve the contradiction on the basis of a formula pertaining to the function of energy. Drieschs theory was always present in my mind when I thought about vitalism, the vague feeling I had about the irrational nature of his assumption turned out to be justified in the end. The concept of orgone was the result of work in the psycho-physiology of libido. After his migration to the US, Reich began to speculate about biological development and evolution and this led him to the conception of bions, self-luminescent sub-cellular vesicles that he believed were observable in decaying materials, and presumably present universally. Orgone was closely associated with sexuality, Reich, following Freud, the term itself was chosen to share a root with the word orgasm, which both Reich and Freud took to be a fundamental expression of psychological health. In at least some cases, Reichs experimental techniques do not appear to have been very careful, Reich was concerned with experimental verification from other scientists. Through these experiments I regard the matter as completely solved, he wrote to Reich on 7 February 1941, upon further correspondence from Reich, Einstein replied that he could not devote any further time to the matter and asked that his name not be misused for advertising purposes. Orgone and its concepts were quickly denounced in the post-World War II American press. He was, as the New York Times later put it, the psychoanalytical community of the time saw his approach to healing diseases as quackery of the worst sort, partly because of his comments about UFOs
30.
Nik Turner
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Nicholas Nik Turner is an English musician, best known as a former member of space rock pioneers Hawkwind. Turner plays saxophones, flute, sings and is a composer, while with Hawkwind, Turner was known for his experimental free jazz stylisations and outrageous stage presence, often donning full makeup and Ancient Egypt-inspired costumes. Turner was born in Oxford in August 1940 to a theatrical family, at the age of 13 his family moved to the Kent seaside resort of Margate where he worked at the local funfair during the summer holiday season, befriending another seasonal worker Robert Calvert. His first influences were Rock and Roll and the films of James Dean and he went on to complete an engineering course and then undertook one voyage in the Merchant Navy. He had two years of clarinet and saxophone lessons in the early 1960s but never considered good enough to pursue them seriously. Turner, owning a van, had offered his services as a roadie to the newly formed Hawkwind. However, when the band discovered his passion for the saxophone he was offered a position in the band to add to the overall weirdness of their sound. Of his playing, Turner admitted that its the overall feel rather than the parts of the music that were interested in. I dont have any illusions about my technical ability, I tend to use it as an electronic medium rather than an instrument. However, complaints about his playing over other members of the band despite numerous requests to modify his behaviour eventually led to his dismissal in November 1976. In 1982 during the recording of Choose Your Masques, Brock invited Turner to the recording sessions, Turners second stint in the band lasted just over 2 years and although some live albums and videos were released, the band did not undertake any studio recording. At the end of 1984 while preparing material for The Chronicle of the Black Sword album, after leaving Hawkwind the first time, Turner holidayed in Egypt and while visiting the Great Pyramid of Giza he was given three hours inside the Kings Chamber to record some flute music. With Williamson he conceived the Nuclear Waste single featuring many of the Sphynx musicians, Thoms and Ghisio-Erba had previously played together in Steve Tooks Horns who had played their only gig at the Bohemian Love-In. Inner City Unit recorded the albums Pass Out and Maximum Effect before collapsing due to certain members drug problems, Turner and Dead Fred had stints in Hawkwind before regrouping to release the albums New Anatomy, The President Tapes and the EP Blood and Bone. Turners next project was Nik Turners Fantastic All Stars, a sax and Hammond organ driven jazz and rhythm and they gigged for several years, eventually releasing the album Kubanno Kickasso. Turner and Twink got together for some live performances under the name Pinkwind. In 1993 Turner was approached by Pressurehed and Helios Creed to record another version of his Sphynx project using the original flute tracks, resulting in the album Sphynx. One studio album Prophets of Time was released in 1994 followed by the live CD and DVD Space Ritual 1994 Live, on 21 October 2000 at the Brixton Academy a Hawkestra event took place, featuring nearly all past members of Hawkwind
31.
Guitar
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The guitar is a musical instrument classified as a fretted string instrument with anywhere from four to 18 strings, usually having six. The sound is projected either acoustically, using a wooden or plastic and wood box, or through electrical amplifier. It is typically played by strumming or plucking the strings with the fingers, the guitar is a type of chordophone, traditionally constructed from wood and strung with either gut, nylon or steel strings and distinguished from other chordophones by its construction and tuning. There are three types of modern acoustic guitar, the classical guitar, the steel-string acoustic guitar, and the archtop guitar. The tone of a guitar is produced by the strings vibration, amplified by the hollow body of the guitar. The term finger-picking can also refer to a tradition of folk, blues, bluegrass. The acoustic bass guitar is an instrument that is one octave below a regular guitar. Early amplified guitars employed a body, but a solid wood body was eventually found more suitable during the 1960s and 1970s. As with acoustic guitars, there are a number of types of guitars, including hollowbody guitars, archtop guitars and solid-body guitars. The electric guitar has had a influence on popular culture. The guitar is used in a variety of musical genres worldwide. It is recognized as an instrument in genres such as blues, bluegrass, country, flamenco, folk, jazz, jota, mariachi, metal, punk, reggae, rock, soul. The term is used to refer to a number of chordophones that were developed and used across Europe, beginning in the 12th century and, later, in the Americas. The modern word guitar, and its antecedents, has applied to a wide variety of chordophones since classical times. Many influences are cited as antecedents to the modern guitar, at least two instruments called guitars were in use in Spain by 1200, the guitarra latina and the so-called guitarra morisca. The guitarra morisca had a back, wide fingerboard. The guitarra Latina had a sound hole and a narrower neck. By the 14th century the qualifiers moresca or morisca and latina had been dropped, and it had six courses, lute-like tuning in fourths and a guitar-like body, although early representations reveal an instrument with a sharply cut waist
32.
Saxophone
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The saxophone is a family of woodwind instruments. Saxophones are usually made of brass and played with a single-reed mouthpiece similar to that of the clarinet, the saxophone family was invented by the Belgian instrument maker Adolphe Sax in 1840. He patented the saxophone on June 28,1846, in two groups of seven instruments each, each series consisted of instruments of various sizes in alternating transposition. The series pitched in B♭ and E♭, designed for bands, have proved extremely popular. The saxophone is used in music, military bands, marching bands. The saxophone was developed in 1846 by Adolphe Sax, a Belgian instrument maker, flautist, born in Dinant and originally based in Brussels, he moved to Paris in 1842 to establish his musical instrument business. Prior to his work on the saxophone, he had several improvements to the bass clarinet by improving its keywork and acoustics. Sax was also a maker of the ophicleide, a large conical brass instrument in the bass register with keys similar to a woodwind instrument. His experience with two instruments allowed him to develop the skills and technologies needed to make the first saxophones. As an outgrowth of his work improving the bass clarinet, Sax began developing an instrument with the projection of a brass instrument and he wanted it to overblow at the octave, unlike the clarinet, which rises in pitch by a twelfth when overblown. An instrument that overblows at the octave has identical fingering for both registers, Sax created an instrument with a single-reed mouthpiece like a clarinet, conical brass body like an ophicleide, and some acoustic properties of both the horn and the clarinet. Having constructed saxophones in several sizes in the early 1840s, Sax applied for, and received, the patent encompassed 14 versions of the fundamental design, split into two categories of seven instruments each, and ranging from sopranino to contrabass. Although the instruments transposed at either F or C have been considered orchestral, the C soprano saxophone was the only instrument to sound at concert pitch. Saxs patent expired in 1866, thereafter, numerous saxophonists and instrument manufacturers implemented their own improvements to the design, the first substantial modification was by a French manufacturer who extended the bell slightly and added an extra key to extend the range downwards by one semitone to B♭. It is suspected that Sax himself may have attempted this modification and this extension is now commonplace in almost all modern designs, along with other minor changes such as added keys for alternate fingerings. Using alternate fingerings allows a player to play faster and more easily, a player may also use alternate fingerings to bend the pitch. Some of the alternate fingerings are good for trilling, scales, a substantial advancement in saxophone keywork was the development of a method by which the left thumb operates both tone holes with a single octave key, which is now universal on modern saxophones. This enables a chromatic scale to be played two octaves simply by playing the diatonic scale combined with alternately raising and lowering this one digit
33.
Flute
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The flute is a family of musical instruments in the woodwind group. Unlike woodwind instruments with reeds, a flute is an aerophone or reedless wind instrument that produces its sound from the flow of air across an opening, according to the instrument classification of Hornbostel–Sachs, flutes are categorized as edge-blown aerophones. A musician who plays the flute can be referred to as a player, flautist, flutist or, less commonly. Flutes are the earliest extant musical instruments, as paleolithic instruments with hand-bored holes have been found, a number of flutes dating to about 43,000 to 35,000 years ago have been found in the Swabian Jura region of present-day Germany. These flutes demonstrate that a musical tradition existed from the earliest period of modern human presence in Europe. Flutes, including the famous Bansuri, have been a part of Indian classical music since 1500 BC. A major deity of Hinduism, Krishna, has been associated with the flute, the English verb flout has the same linguistic root, and the modern Dutch verb fluiten still shares the two meanings. Attempts to trace the word back to the Latin flare have been pronounced phonologically impossible or inadmissable, the first known use of the word flute was in the 14th century. According to the Oxford English Dictionary, this was in Geoffrey Chaucers The Hous of Fame, today, a musician who plays any instrument in the flute family can be called a flutist, or flautist, or simply a flute player. Flutist dates back to at least 1603, the earliest quote cited by the Oxford English Dictionary, flautist was used in 1860 by Nathaniel Hawthorne in The Marble Faun, after being adopted during the 18th century from Italy, like many musical terms in England since the Italian Renaissance. Other English terms, now obsolete, are fluter and flutenist. The oldest flute ever discovered may be a fragment of the femur of a cave bear. In 2008 another flute dated back to at least 35,000 years ago was discovered in Hohle Fels cave near Ulm, the five-holed flute has a V-shaped mouthpiece and is made from a vulture wing bone. The researchers involved in the officially published their findings in the journal Nature. The flute, one of several found, was found in the Hohle Fels cavern next to the Venus of Hohle Fels, on announcing the discovery, scientists suggested that the finds demonstrate the presence of a well-established musical tradition at the time when modern humans colonized Europe. Scientists have also suggested that the discovery of the flute may help to explain the probable behavioural and cognitive gulf between Neanderthals and early modern human. A three-holed flute,18.7 cm long, made from a mammoth tusk was discovered in 2004, the earliest extant Chinese transverse flute is a chi flute discovered in the Tomb of Marquis Yi of Zeng at the Suizhou site, Hubei province, China. It dates from 433 BC, of the later Zhou Dynasty and it is fashioned of lacquered bamboo with closed ends and has five stops that are at the flutes side instead of the top
34.
Lemmy
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Ian Fraser Kilmister, better known as Lemmy, was an English musician, singer, and songwriter who founded and fronted the rock band Motörhead. His music was one of the foundations of the metal genre. He was known for his appearance, his distinctive gravelly voice, alongside his music career, he also had many minor roles in film and television. Lemmy was born in Stoke-on-Trent and grew up in North Wales and he was influenced by rock and roll and the early Beatles, which led to him playing in several rock groups in the 1960s, including the Rockin Vickers. He worked as a roadie for Jimi Hendrix and the Nice, before joining the rock band Hawkwind in 1971. After being fired from Hawkwind for drug possession, he founded Motörhead as lead singer, bassist, songwriter, motörheads success peaked in 1980 and 1981 and included the hit single Ace of Spades and the top charting live album No Sleep til Hammersmith. Lemmy continued to record and tour regularly with Motörhead until his death in December 2015 in Los Angeles, aside from his musical activities, Lemmy was well known for his hard-living lifestyle, chain smoking, and regular consumption of alcohol and amphetamines. He was also noted for his collection of Nazi memorabilia and use of Nazi symbolism, Lemmy was born on Christmas Eve in the Burslem area of Stoke-on-Trent, Staffordshire. When he was three months old, his father, an ex-Royal Air Force chaplain and concert pianist, separated from his mother and his mother and grandmother moved to nearby Newcastle-under-Lyme, then to Madeley. When Lemmy was 10, his mother married former footballer George Willis and he attended Sir Thomas Jones School in Amlwch, where he was nicknamed Lemmy. He soon started to show an interest in rock and roll music, girls, in school, Lemmy noticed a pupil who had brought a guitar to school and had been surrounded by chicks. His mother had a guitar, which he took to school, even though he could not play. By the time he left school, his family had moved to Conwy, Lemmy saw the Beatles perform at the Cavern Club when he was 16, and then learned to play along on guitar to their first album Please Please Me. He also admired the sarcastic attitude of the group, particularly that of John Lennon, in Stockport, Lemmy joined local bands the Rainmakers and then the Motown Sect who played northern clubs for three years. The Rockin Vickers moved to Manchester, where they lived together in a flat, there Lemmy got involved with a girl named Tracy who bore him a son, Paul Inder. Lemmy did not have any involvement with him until the boy was six, leaving the Rockin Vickers, Lemmy moved to London in 1967. He shared a flat with Noel Redding, bassist of the Jimi Hendrix Experience and he got a job as a roadie for the band. In 1968 he joined the rock band Sam Gopal under the name Ian Willis
35.
Bass guitar
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The bass guitar is a stringed instrument played primarily with the fingers or thumb, by plucking, slapping, popping, strumming, tapping, thumping, or picking with a plectrum, often known as a pick. The bass guitar is similar in appearance and construction to a guitar, but with a longer neck and scale length. The four-string bass, by far the most common, is tuned the same as the double bass. The bass guitar is an instrument, as it is notated in bass clef an octave higher than it sounds to avoid excessive ledger lines. Like the electric guitar, the guitar has pickups and it is plugged into an amplifier and speaker on stage, or into a larger PA system using a DI unit. Since the 1960s, the guitar has largely replaced the double bass in popular music as the bass instrument in the rhythm section. While types of basslines vary widely from one style of music to another, many styles of music utilise the bass guitar, including rock, heavy metal, pop, punk rock, country, reggae, gospel, blues, symphonic rock, and jazz. It is often a solo instrument in jazz, jazz fusion, Latin, funk, progressive rock and other rock, the adoption of a guitar form made the instrument easier to hold and transport than any of the existing stringed bass instruments. The addition of frets enabled bassists to play in more easily than on acoustic or electric upright basses. Around 100 of these instruments were made during this period, around 1947, Tutmarcs son, Bud, began marketing a similar bass under the Serenader brand name, prominently advertised in the nationally distributed L. D. Heater Music Company wholesale jobber catalogue of 1948, however, the Tutmarc family inventions did not achieve market success. In the 1950s, Leo Fender, with the help of his employee George Fullerton and his Fender Precision Bass, which began production in October 1951, became a widely copied industry standard. This split pickup, introduced in 1957, appears to have been two mandolin pickups, the pole pieces and leads of the coils were reversed with respect to each other, producing a humbucking effect. Humbucking is a design that electrically cancels the effect of any AC hum, the Fender Bass was a revolutionary new instrument, which could be easily transported, and which was less prone to feedback when amplified than acoustic bass instruments. Monk Montgomery was the first bass player to tour with the Fender bass guitar, roy Johnson, and Shifty Henry with Louis Jordan & His Tympany Five, were other early Fender bass pioneers. Bill Black, playing with Elvis Presley, switched from bass to the Fender Precision Bass around 1957. The bass guitar was intended to appeal to guitarists as well as upright bass players, following Fenders lead, in 1953, Gibson released the first short scale violin-shaped electric bass with extendable end pin, allowing it to be played upright or horizontally. In 1959 these were followed by the more conventional-looking EB-0 Bass, the EB-0 was very similar to a Gibson SG in appearance
36.
Synthesizer
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A synthesizer is an electronic musical instrument that generates electric signals that are converted to sound through instrument amplifiers and loudspeakers or headphones. Synthesizers may either imitate instruments like piano, Hammond organ, flute, vocals, natural sounds like ocean waves, etc. or generate new electronic timbres. Synthesizers without built-in controllers are called sound modules, and are controlled via USB, MIDI or CV/gate using a controller device. Synthesizers use various methods to generate electronic signals, synthesizers were first used in pop music in the 1960s. In the 1970s, synths were used in disco, especially in the late 1970s, in the 1980s, the invention of the relatively inexpensive, mass market Yamaha DX7 synth made synthesizers widely available. 1980s pop and dance music often made use of synthesizers. In the 2010s, synthesizers are used in genres of pop, rock. Contemporary classical music composers from the 20th and 21st century write compositions for synthesizer, the beginnings of the synthesizer are difficult to trace, as it is difficult to draw a distinction between synthesizers and some early electric or electronic musical instruments. One of the earliest electric musical instruments, the telegraph, was invented in 1876 by American electrical engineer Elisha Gray. He accidentally discovered the sound generation from a self-vibrating electromechanical circuit and this musical telegraph used steel reeds with oscillations created by electromagnets transmitted over a telegraph line. Gray also built a simple loudspeaker device into later models, consisting of a diaphragm in a magnetic field. This instrument was a remote electromechanical musical instrument that used telegraphy, though it lacked an arbitrary sound-synthesis function, some have erroneously called it the first synthesizer. In 1897, Thaddeus Cahill invented the Teleharmonium, which used dynamos, and was capable of additive synthesis like the Hammond organ, however, Cahills business was unsuccessful for various reasons, and similar but more compact instruments were subsequently developed, such as electronic and tonewheel organs. In 1906, American engineer, Lee De Forest ushered in the electronics age and he invented the first amplifying vacuum tube, called the Audion tube. This led to new entertainment technologies, including radio and sound films, ondes Martenot and Trautonium were continuously developed for several decades, finally developing qualities similar to later synthesizers. In the 1920s, Arseny Avraamov developed various systems of graphic sonic art, in 1938, USSR engineer Yevgeny Murzin designed a compositional tool called ANS, one of the earliest real-time additive synthesizers using optoelectronics. The earliest polyphonic synthesizers were developed in Germany and the United States, during the three years that Hammond manufactured this model,1,069 units were shipped, but production was discontinued at the start of World War II. Both instruments were the forerunners of the electronic organs and polyphonic synthesizers
37.
Drum kit
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A drum kit consists of a mix of drums and idiophones most significantly cymbals but also including the woodblock and cowbell. In the 2000s, some also include electronic instruments and both hybrid and entirely electronic kits are used. If some or all of them are replaced by electronic drums, the drum kit is usually played while seated on a drum stool or throne. The drum kit differs from instruments that can be used to produce pitched melodies or chords, even though drums are often placed musically alongside others that do, such as the piano or guitar. The drum kit is part of the rhythm section used in many types of popular and traditional music styles ranging from rock and pop to blues. Other standard instruments used in the section include the electric bass, electric guitar. Many drummers extend their kits from this pattern, adding more drums, more cymbals. Some performers, such as some rockabilly drummers, use small kits that omit elements from the basic setup, some drum kit players may have other roles in the band, such as providing backup vocals, or less commonly, lead vocals. Thus, in an early 1800s orchestra piece, if the called for bass drum, triangle and cymbals. In the 1840s, percussionists began to experiment with foot pedals as a way to them to play more than one instrument. In the 1860s, percussionists started combining multiple drums into a set, the bass drum, snare drum, cymbals, and other percussion instruments were all played using hand-held drum sticks. Double-drumming was developed to one person to play the bass and snare with sticks. With this approach, the drum was usually played on beats one. This resulted in a swing and dance feel. The drum set was referred to as a trap set. By the 1870s, drummers were using an overhang pedal, most drummers in the 1870s preferred to do double drumming without any pedal to play multiple drums, rather than use an overhang pedal. Companies patented their pedal systems such as Dee Dee Chandler of New Orleans 1904–05, liberating the hands for the first time, this evolution saw the bass drum played with the foot of a standing percussionist. The bass drum became the central piece around which every other percussion instrument would later revolve and it was the golden age of drum building for many famous drum companies, with Ludwig introducing
38.
Singing
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Singing is the act of producing musical sounds with the voice, and augments regular speech by the use of sustained tonality, rhythm, and a variety of vocal techniques. A person who sings is called a singer or vocalist, Singers perform music that can be sung with or without accompaniment by musical instruments. Singing is often done in an ensemble of musicians, such as a choir of singers or a band of instrumentalists, Singers may perform as soloists, or accompanied by anything from a single instrument up to a symphony orchestra or big band. Singing can be formal or informal, arranged or improvised and it may be done as a form of religious devotion, as a hobby, as a source of pleasure, comfort, or ritual, as part of music education, or as a profession. Excellence in singing requires time, dedication, instruction, and regular practice, if practice is done on a regular basis then the sounds can become more clear and strong. Professional singers usually build their careers around one specific genre, such as classical or rock. They typically take voice training provided by teachers or vocal coaches throughout their careers. Though these four mechanisms function independently, they are coordinated in the establishment of a vocal technique and are made to interact upon one another. During passive breathing, air is inhaled with the diaphragm while exhalation occurs without any effort, exhalation may be aided by the abdominal, internal intercostal and lower pelvis/pelvic muscles. Inhalation is aided by use of external intercostals, scalenes and sternocleidomastoid muscles, the pitch is altered with the vocal cords. With the lips closed, this is called humming, humans have vocal folds which can loosen, tighten, or change their thickness, and over which breath can be transferred at varying pressures. The shape of the chest and neck, the position of the tongue, any one of these actions results in a change in pitch, volume, timbre, or tone of the sound produced. Sound also resonates within different parts of the body and an individuals size, Singers can also learn to project sound in certain ways so that it resonates better within their vocal tract. This is known as vocal resonation, another major influence on vocal sound and production is the function of the larynx which people can manipulate in different ways to produce different sounds. These different kinds of function are described as different kinds of vocal registers. The primary method for singers to accomplish this is through the use of the Singers Formant and it has also been shown that a more powerful voice may be achieved with a fatter and fluid-like vocal fold mucosa. The more pliable the mucosa, the more efficient the transfer of energy from the airflow to the vocal folds, Vocal registration refers to the system of vocal registers within the voice. A register in the voice is a series of tones, produced in the same vibratory pattern of the vocal folds
39.
Roundhouse (venue)
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The Roundhouse is a performing arts and concert venue situated at the Grade II* listed former railway engine shed in Chalk Farm, London, England. It was originally built in 1847 by the London and North Western Railway as a roundhouse, a building containing a railway turntable. After being used as a warehouse for a number of years and it reopened twenty-five years later, in 1964, as a performing arts venue, when the playwright Arnold Wesker established the Centre 42 Theatre Company and adapted the building as a theatre. The Greater London Council ceded control of the building to the Camden London Borough Council in 1983, by that time, Centre 42 had run out of funds and the building remained unused until a local businessman purchased the building in 1996 and performing arts shows returned. It was closed again in 2004 for a multi-million pound redevelopment, on 1 June 2006, the Argentine show Fuerzabruta opened at the new Roundhouse. Since 2006, Roundhouse has hosted the BBC Electric Proms and numerous iTunes Festivals, as well as ceremonies such as the BT Digital Music Awards. In 2009, Bob Dylan performed a concert, and iTunes promoted a music iTunes Festival, in line with the continuing legacy of avant-garde productions, No Fit State Circus performed Tabu during which the audience were encouraged to move around the performance space. The Roundhouse was built in 1846 as an engine shed for the London and Birmingham Railway. The original building was built by Branson & Gwyther, using designs by architects Robert B, within ten years locomotives became too long for the building to accommodate, and the Roundhouse was used for various other purposes. The longest period of use was as a warehouse for Gin distillers W & A Gilbey Ltd. This was estimated to cost between £300,000 and £600,000, and was supported by actors, playwrights, authors, musicians. In 1966 the Roundhouse became a venue, after the freehold was taken up by the then new Greater London Council. On 15 October 1966 Soft Machine and Pink Floyd appeared at the launch of the underground newspaper International Times, during the next decade the building became a significant venue for UK Underground music events Middle Earth and Implosion. Many of these were hosted and promoted by Jeff Dexter, the building was used in 1996 to film the promotional video for the Manic Street Preachers single A Design for Life prior to the start of redevelopment. Promotional videos for the singles Handbags and Gladrags by Stereophonics, the Roundhouse has also been used for theatre, and has had two periods of theatrical glory, with musicals such as Catch My Soul. Under administrator George Hoskins, the first phase also featured experimental theatre productions, such as the Living Theatre production of 1776, the once controversial nude revue Oh. Opened in July 1970, and started a run of four thousand performances in London. The Greater London Council passed the building to the Camden London Borough Council in 1983, the building lay largely empty until it was purchased for £6m in 1996 by the Norman Trust led by the philanthropist Torquil Norman
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