Speech balloons are a graphic convention used most commonly in comic books, comics, and cartoons to allow words to be understood as representing a character's speech or thoughts. A formal distinction
Speech balloons in a 1948 US comic strip
Before the 20th century, speech was depicted using bands, flags, scrolls, or sheets of paper. Detail of The Annunciation to Saint Anne (1506) by Bernhard Strigel.
In this political cartoon opposing the Embargo Act of 1807, the form and function of speech balloons is already similar to their modern use.
The Yellow Kid's words appear on his shirt.
The Yellow Kid is an American comic-strip character that appeared from 1895 to 1898 in Joseph Pulitzer's New York World, and later William Randolph Hearst's New York Journal. Created and drawn by Rich
Speech balloon
…satirical cartoonist William Heath. Containing the world's first comic strip, it also made it the first to use speech bubbles. Richard F. Outcault's Yellow Kid is generally credited as the first American comic strip character. His words initially appeared on his yellow shirt, but word balloons very much like…
Handwritten claim for copyright on "The Yellow Dugan Kid" to the Librarian of Congress on September 7, 1896
Richard F. Outcault's last Hogan's Alley cartoon for Truth magazine, Fourth Ward Brownies, was published on 9 February 1895 and reprinted in the New York World newspaper on 17 February 1895, beginning one of the first comic strips in an American newspaper. The character later known as the Yellow Kid had minor supporting roles in the strip's early panels. This one refers to The Brownies characters popularized in books and magazines by artist Palmer Cox.
A year and a half later, Outcault was drawing the Yellow Kid for Hearst's New York Journal in a full-page color Sunday supplement as McFadden's Row of Flats. In this 15 November 1896 Sunday panel, word balloons have appeared, the action is openly violent and the drawing has become mixed and chaotic.
A stuffed doll of the character, c. 1899