1.
North Terrace, Adelaide
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North Terrace is one of the four terraces that bound the central business and residential district of Adelaide, the capital city of South Australia. It runs east-west, along the edge of the square mile. The western end continues on to Port Road, and the eastern end continues across the Adelaide Parklands as Botanic Road, theoretically, the northern side of North Terrace is part of the Adelaide Parklands. However, much of the space between North Terrace and the River Torrens is occupied by institutions and other public buildings. The tram now operates from Glenelg to South Terrace, along the length of King William Street to North Terrace, along North Terrace to West Terrace. Talk of possible further extensions periodically surfaces in newspapers and politicians speeches, Australia Award for Urban Design South Australia portal Australian Roads portal
2.
South Australia
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South Australia is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country, with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres, it is the fourth-largest of Australias states and territories. Other population centres in the state are relatively small, the state comprises less than 8 percent of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories. The majority of its people reside in Adelaide, most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray. The states colonial origins are unique in Australia as a settled, planned British province. Official settlement began on 28 December 1836, when the colony was proclaimed at the Old Gum Tree by Governor John Hindmarsh, as with the rest of the continent, the region had been long occupied by Aboriginal peoples, who were organised into numerous tribes and languages. The first British settlement to be established was Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, on 26 July 1836, the guiding principle behind settlement was that of systematic colonisation, a theory espoused by Edward Gibbon Wakefield that was later employed by the New Zealand Company. The goal was to establish the province as a centre of civilisation for free immigrants, promising civil liberties, although its history is marked by economic hardship, South Australia has remained politically innovative and culturally vibrant. Today, it is known for its wine and numerous cultural festivals. The states economy is dominated by the agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries, the state has an increasingly significant finance sector as well. Evidence of human activity in South Australia dates back as far as 20,000 years, with flint mining activity, in addition wooden spears and tools were made in an area now covered in peat bog in the South East. Kangaroo Island was inhabited long before the island was cut off by rising sea levels, thijssen named his discovery Pieter Nuyts Land, after the highest ranking individual on board. The complete coastline of South Australia was first mapped by Matthew Flinders, the land which now forms the state of South Australia was claimed for Britain in 1788 as part of the colony of New South Wales. Although the new colony included almost two-thirds of the continent, early settlements were all on the eastern coast and it took more than forty years before any serious proposal to establish settlements in the south-western portion of New South Wales were put forward. In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834, the act stated that 802,511 square kilometres would be allotted to the colony and it would be convict-free. In contrast to the rest of Australia, terra nullius did not apply to the new province, although the patent guaranteed land rights under force of law for the indigenous inhabitants it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters. Settlement of seven vessels and 636 people was made at Kingscote on Kangaroo Island. The first immigrants arrived at Holdfast Bay in November 1836, the Colonisation Commissioners intended to establish a police service as soon as misconduct within the increasing population warranted it
3.
French Renaissance
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The French Renaissance was the cultural and artistic movement in France between the 15th and early 17th centuries. The period is associated with the pan-European Renaissance, a word first used by the French historian Jules Michelet to define the artistic, the French Renaissance traditionally extends from the French invasion of Italy in 1494 during the reign of Charles VIII until the death of Henry IV in 1610. The reigns of Francis I of France and his son Henry II are generally considered the apex of the French Renaissance, the word Renaissance is a French word, whose literal translation into English is Rebirth. The word Renaissance was first used and defined by French historian Jules Michelet, in his 1855 work, as a French citizen and historian, Michelet also claimed the Renaissance as a French movement. His work is at the origin of the use of the French word Renaissance in other languages, for a chronological list of French Renaissance artists, see List of French Renaissance artists. In 1516, Francis I of France invited Leonardo da Vinci to the Château dAmboise and provided him with the Château du Clos Lucé, then called Château de Cloux, as a place to stay and work. Leonardo, a painter and inventor, arrived with three of his paintings, namely the Mona Lisa, Sainte Anne, and Saint Jean Baptiste. There are a number of French artists of talent in this period including the painter Jean Fouquet of Tours. Marie de Medici, Henry IVs queen, invited the Flemish painter Peter Paul Rubens to France, another Flemish artist working for the court was Frans Pourbus the younger. Outside France, working for the dukes of Lorraine, one finds a very different late mannerist style in the artists Jacques Bellange, Claude Deruet and Jacques Callot. Having little contact with the French artists of the period, they developed a heightened, extreme, and often erotic mannerism, the old Louvre castle in Paris was also rebuilt under the direction of Pierre Lescot and would become the core of a brand new Renaissance château. To the west of the Louvre, Catherine de Medici had built for her the Tuileries palace with extensive gardens and they became an extension of the chateaux that they surrounded, and were designed to illustrate the Renaissance ideals of measure and proportion. Burgundy, the mostly French-speaking area unified with the Kingdom of France in 1477, was the center of Europe in the early. The Burgundian style gave birth to the Franco-Flemish style of polyphony which dominated European music in the late 15th and early 16th centuries. However, by the end of the 15th century, a French national character was becoming distinct in music of the French royal and aristocratic courts, guillaume Dufay and Gilles Binchois are two notable examples from the Burgundian school during the early Renaissance period. The most renowned composer in Europe, Josquin des Prez, worked for a time in the court of Louis XII, Francis I, who became king that year, made the creation of an opulent musical establishment a priority. By far the most significant contribution of France to music in the Renaissance period was the chanson, the chanson in the early 16th century was characterised by a dactylic opening and contrapuntal style which was later adopted by the Italian canzona, the predecessor of the sonata. Typically chansons were for three or four voices, without accompaniment, but the most popular examples were inevitably made into instrumental versions as well
4.
Mansard roof
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A mansard or mansard roof is a four-sided gambrel-style hip roof characterized by two slopes on each of its sides with the lower slope, punctured by dormer windows, at a steeper angle than the upper. The steep roof with windows creates a floor of habitable space. The upper slope of the roof may not be visible from street level when viewed from close proximity to the building, the earliest known example of a mansard roof is credited to Pierre Lescot on part of the Louvre built around 1550. This roof design was popularized in the early 17th century by François Mansart and it became especially fashionable during the Second French Empire of Napoléon III. Mansard in Europe also means the attic space itself, not just the roof shape and is used in Europe to mean a gambrel roof. Two distinct traits of the mansard roof – steep sides and a double pitch – sometimes lead to it being confused with other roof types. Since the upper slope of a roof is rarely visible from the ground. The gambrel roof style, commonly seen in barns in North America, is a cousin of the mansard. Both mansard and gambrel roofs fall under the classification of curb roofs. However, the mansard is a hip roof, with slopes on all sides of the building. French roof is used as a synonym for a mansard but is also defined as an American variation of a mansard with the lower pitches nearly vertical. In France and Germany, no distinction is made between gambrels and mansards – they are both called mansards, in the French language, mansarde can be a term for the style of roof, or for the garret living space, or attic, directly within it. The mansard style makes use of the interior space of the attic. Often the decorative potential of the Mansard is exploited through the use of convex or concave curvature, one frequently seen explanation for the popularity of the mansard style is that it served to shelter its owners against taxes as well as rain. Later examples suggest that either French or American buildings were taxed by their height to the base of the roof and this last explanation is the nearest to the truth, a Parisian law had been in place since 1783, restricting the heights of buildings to 20 metres. The height was measured up to the cornice line, making any living space contained in a mansard roof exempt. A1902 revision of the law permitted building three or even four stories within such a roof, the style was popularized in France by architect François Mansart. Although he was not the inventor of the style, his extensive and prominent use of it in his designs gave rise to the mansard roof
5.
Travel + Leisure
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Travel + Leisure is a travel magazine based in New York City, New York. Published 12 times a year, it has 4.8 million readers and it is owned and published by Time Inc. Its main competitors are Condé Nast Traveler and National Geographic Traveler, initially published in 1937 as U. S. Camera and Travel, it later assumed the name Travel + Leisure in 1971. The predecessor titles focused on photography, but the name change signaled a shift toward travel coverage in general. The magazine specializes in leisure travel and often features articles written by novelists, poets, artists, designers and it is known for its travel photography and covers featuring models lounging in upscale environments. Its Worlds Best Awards, a reader survey rating destinations. Other annual features include the T+L500, a list of the worlds top 500 hotels, and Americas Favorite Cities, the magazines Web site publishes original Web content and destination guides. Travel + Leisure Magazine was purchased from American Express Publishing by Time Inc. on October 1,2013, the Official Travel + Leisure website The Official Travel + Leisure Southeast Asia website
6.
Keith Conlon
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1968, B. A.1968, OAM, is a veteran Australian broadcaster based in Adelaide. Conlon previously presented talk radio station 5AAs breakfast program with Jane Reilly and he is also the current chairman of the Crows Foundation for children in need. In 1971, The University of Adelaides Department of Adult Education appointed Keith as the Producer/Manager of its new community station which commenced broadcasting as VL5UV on 28 June 1972. He also formerly hosted Postcards SA on the Nine Network from 1995 until it was cancelled in November 2011, conlon has also worked at ABC891 where notably his former colleague John Kenneally was his producer. He presented the weeknight edition of ABC News in South Australia from 1989 to 1992, in 2012 Keith was teamed with Jane Reilly and he retired in 2013
7.
Matthew Flinders
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Captain Matthew Flinders RN was an English navigator and cartographer, who was the leader of the first circumnavigation of Australia and identified it as a continent. Flinders made three voyages to the ocean between 1791 and 1810. In the second voyage, George Bass and Flinders confirmed that Van Diemens Land was an island, in the third voyage, Flinders circumnavigated the mainland of what was to be called Australia, accompanied by Aboriginal man Bungaree. Heading back to England in 1803, Flinders vessel needed urgent repairs at Isle de France, although Britain and France were at war, Flinders thought the scientific nature of his work would ensure safe passage, but a suspicious governor kept him under arrest for more than six years. Flinders health had suffered, however, and although he reached home in 1810, he did not live to see the publication of his widely praised book and atlas, A Voyage to Terra Australis. Flinders was born in Donington, Lincolnshire, England, the son of Matthew Flinders, a surgeon, and his wife Susannah, née Ward. In his own words, he was induced to go to sea against the wishes of my friends from reading Robinson Crusoe, initially serving on HMS Alert, he transferred to HMS Scipio, and in July 1790 was made midshipman on HMS Bellerophon under Captain Pasley. By Pasleys recommendation, he joined Captain Blighs expedition on HMS Providence and this was also Blighs second Breadfruit Voyage following on from the ill-fated voyage of the Bounty. The passage between the Australian mainland and Tasmania enabled savings of several days on the journey from England, in honour of this discovery, the largest island in Bass Strait would later be named Flinders Island. The town of Flinders near the mouth of Western Port also commemorates Bass discovery of that bay, Flinders never entered Western Port, and passed Cape Schanck only on 3 May 1802. Flinders once more sailed the Norfolk, this time north on 17 July 1799 and he touched down at Pumicestone Passage, Redcliffe and Coochiemudlo Island and also rowed ashore at Clontarf. During this visit he named Redcliffe after the Red Cliffs, in March 1800, Flinders rejoined the Reliance and set sail for England. Banks used his influence with Earl Spencer to convince the Admiralty of the importance of an expedition to chart the coastline of New Holland. As a result, in January 1801, Flinders was given command of the Investigator, a 334-ton sloop, the Investigator set sail for New Holland on 18 July 1801. Attached to the expedition was the botanist Robert Brown, botanical artist Ferdinand Bauer, due to the scientific nature of the expedition, Flinders was issued with a French passport, despite England and France then being at war. On 17 April 1801, Flinders married his longtime friend Ann Chappelle and had hoped to bring her with him to Port Jackson, however the Admiralty had strict rules against wives accompanying captains. This is well documented in correspondence between Flinders and his benefactor, Sir Joseph Banks in May 1801. I have but time to tell you that the news of your marriage, the Lords of the Admiralty have heard also that Mrs. Flinders is on board the Investigator, and that you have some thought of carrying her to sea with you
8.
South Australian Museum
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The South Australian Museum is a natural history museum and research institution in Adelaide, South Australia, founded in 1856. It occupies a complex of buildings on North Terrace in the precinct of the Adelaide Parklands. Frederick George Waterhouse offered his services as curator of the South Australian Institute Museum in June 1859 in an honorary capacity, when the Institute building was completed, the Board appointed him as the first curator, a position he held until his retirement in February 1882. He was succeeded by Wilhelm Haacke, who in January 1883 recommended the South Australian Institute Museum be renamed the South Australian Museum, Wilhelm was appointed the first of eleven Directors of the South Australian Institute Museum. In the late 1990s, championed by Liberal Government Arts Minister, Diana Laidlaw, the following decade Premier and Arts Minister, Mike Rann, funded the redevelopment of the Pacific Cultures Gallery and the development of the South Australian Biodiversity Gallery. In 2011 Mr Rann appointed former Adelaide Lord Mayor and Education Minister The Hon Dr Jane Lomax-Smith AM as Chair of the Museum board, the current Director, appointed in December 2013, is Brian Oldman. The museum contains the largest collection of Australian Aboriginal cultural artefacts in the world, the artefact collection is currently being digitised, with the aim of eventually making the catalogue available for on-line access, especially to Aboriginal communities around Australia. Management of the Museum is prescribed under the South Australian Museum Act 1976, the Museum is a Division of Arts South Australia within the Department of the Premier and Cabinet which transitioned to the Department of State Development on 1 July 2014. The Museum Board comprises eight people appointed by the Minister, the board functions as a body corporate
9.
Art Gallery of South Australia
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The Art Gallery of South Australia, located on the cultural boulevard of North Terrace in Adelaide, is one of three significant visual arts museum in the Australian state of South Australia. It has a collection of over 35,000 works of art, making it, after the National Gallery of Victoria and it was known as the National Gallery of South Australia until 1967 when the current name was adopted. As well as its permanent collection, the AGSA displays a number of visiting every year. The gallery was established in 1881 and opened in two rooms of the library by Prince Albert Victor and Prince George, later George V of Great Britain. The present building dates from 1900 and was extended in 1936 and 1962, subsequent renovations and a significant extension of the building which opened in 1996 added contemporary display space without compromising the interior of the original Victorian building. In 2016, the participated in the large Biennial 2016 art festival. It has important works of the Heidelberg school including Tom Roberts A break away, charles Conders A holiday at Mentone, and Arthur Streetons Road to Templestowe. The mid-twentieth century is represented by works by Russell Drysdale, Arthur Boyd, Margaret Preston, Bessie Davidson, european landscape paintings include works by Jacob Isaakszoon van Ruisdael, Salomon van Ruysdael, Joseph Wright of Derby. British portrait painters are represented in the collection which includes Robert Peake, Anthony van Dyck, Peter Lely. Other works include paintings by Goya, Francesco Guardi, Pompeo Batoni, sculpture includes works by Rodin, Henry Moore, Barbara Hepworth and Jacob Epstein
10.
South Australian Register
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The Register, originally the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register, was the first South Australian newspaper. It was first published in London in June 1836 and folded almost a century later in February 1931, the newspaper is the sole primary source for almost all information about the settlement and early history of South Australia. It documented shipping schedules, legal history and court records at a time when official records were not kept, the first issue, appeared in London on 18 June 1836 with his friend and partner, George Stevenson, as editor. Thomas embarked for South Australia aboard the Africaine later that year, arriving on 10 November 1836 with his family and equipment to set up a printing plant. It was six months before the first colonial edition of The Register was printed on 3 June 1837 in a mud hut on an acre in Hindley Street. From the start, the paper asserted a strongly independent stance, stevensons style was vigorous and provocative, making himself and The Register several enemies. The papers antagonism of Governor Gawler led to The Register losing government business notably the South Australian Government Gazette, the printers Thomas & Co. had disengaged themselves from editorial content in June 1839 in a vain attempt to protect their monopoly and lost about £1,650 a year. His protest that he was authorised by the British Government to do its printing failed and, insolvent, he sold the paper for £600 to James Allen in 1842, John Stephens, who had in 1843 founded The Adelaide Observer, in 1845 purchased The Register. Anthony Forster became part owner in 1848, With the death of Stephens in 1850, forsters share was taken over by Joseph Fisher in 1853, then sold to John Howard Clark in 1865. The paper, having been printed sporadically previously, became weekly in June 1838, by 1840, The Register employed a staff of 21 and had reached a circulation of 900. They also purchased its weekly publication, The Adelaide Observer, and established the Evening Journal which morphed into The Journal. The Register outlasted many competitors throughout its history, holding a monopoly on the market at various stages. The Advertiser, founded in 1858, first emerged as a challenger to the paper in the 1870s. The Register was slow to respond, the Advertiser started putting its circulation figures on the masthead, by the time the Register cut its price the die was cast. The Advertiser bought out The Register and closed it down in February 1931 after the Great Depression had severely reduced its fortunes, forcing it to become largely pictorial. Details are from an article marking the 50th anniversary of its first publication in South Australia,1836 Vol.1 No.1837 The press was moved to Acre 46,37 Hindley Street just west of Morphett Street on 1 June. The South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register Vol 1, issue 2 appears, although subscribers were promised weekly publication, subsequent issues were published on 8 July,29 July,12 August,16 September,4 October,19 October,11 November. Price at this time was 6d. per issue, roberts son William Kyffin Thomas, aged 16, began work for the paper
11.
891 ABC Adelaide
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ABC Radio Adelaide is the ABC Local Radio station for Adelaide. It is broadcast at 891 kHz on the AM band, 5AN started transmitting on 15 October 1937 with equipment located in the central telephone exchange, and a radio mast located in Post Office Place. The station transmitter moved to Brooklyn Park, the site of 5CL on 4 May 1944, the radio mast was moved from the east side of the building to the south side to make way for an airport road in 1952. In the 1980s the radio manager was David Hill, in 2000 the 5AN branding was replaced with 891 ABC Adelaide. This was shortened to ABC Adelaide at the beginning of 2017, the power level of 5AN was upgraded to 50 kW in the early 1950s. The transmitter for this was housed in the building as for 5CL. The transmitter was manufactured by STC, the final stage of the transmitter contained three parallel 3J/261E air cooled triodes running in class C amplifier at 90% efficiency. These were driven by a class B modulator with the type of valves. On Fridays, during the AFL season, Sonya Feldhoff and Peter Goers co-host the Afternoon program, ABC Adelaide Online ABC Adelaide Program Schedule
12.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
13.
State Library of New South Wales
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The State Library of New South Wales is a large reference and research library open to the public. It is the oldest library in Australia, being the first established in New South Wales in 1826, the library is located on the corner of Macquarie Street, Sydney and Shakespeare Place, adjacent to the Domain and the Royal Botanic Gardens. The library is a member of the National and State Libraries Australasia consortium, the first library collections were part of the Australian Subscription Library which was started by a group of wealthy Sydney citizens in 1826. It was then purchased for £5100 by the New South Wales Government in 1869, in 1895 it was renamed the Public Library of New South Wales until its most recent name change in 1975, when it became the State Library of New South Wales. The Australian Subscription Library was established in 1826 at a meeting at the Sydney Hotel chaired by barrister John Mackaness, Library membership was subject to committee approval. Dr James Mitchell, father of David Scott Mitchell, was a member from 1832 to 1853. Fortunately for the later negotiations with the government were more successful. The foundation stone for new building, on the corner of Bent and Macquarie Streets, was laid by Alexander Macleay. Financial difficulties continued, and by 1869 the subscription library was in serious debt, the New South Wales Government was persuaded to buy it for £5100. In September 1869, the Sydney Free Public Library opened its doors with a stock of 20000 volumes, over 60,000 people visited the library in its first year of operation as the Free Public Library. Robert Cooper Walker was appointed Principal Librarian and he, in collaboration with the Trustees, worked to expand the educational role of the library both through collection expansion and the production of printed catalogues of the librarys collection. The library expanded its operations, opening a branch in 1877. This lending branch was handed to the Sydney Municipal Council in 1909, the librarys collection continued to grow, causing continual storage and overcrowding problems, new additions included a First Folio in 1885 and the papers of William Bligh in 1902. Australiana was a focus for the library and David Scott Mitchells collecting activities came to the attention of Henry Charles Lennox Anderson. Andersons stated aim of making the library a National, and not a Municipal, Anderson realised that the library did not have the budget or contacts to compete with Mitchell, and attempted to build a working relationship with Mitchell. In 1898, Mitchell announced his intention to leave his collection to the people of New South Wales, although his offer was quickly accepted, construction of a new building to house the collection was delayed for several years. Construction commenced in 1906, one year before Mitchells death, following Andersons resignation in 1907, Frank Murcott Bladen was appointed Principal Librarian. In 1909, Hugh Wright was appointed to the newly created position of Mitchell Librarian, nita Kibble was another early member of the library staff
14.
State Library of Queensland
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The State Library of Queensland is the main reference and research library provided to the people of the State of Queensland, Australia, by the state government. Its legislative basis is provided by the Queensland Libraries Act 1988 and it contains a significant portion of Queenslands documentary heritage, major reference and research collections, and is an advocate of and partner with public libraries across Queensland. The library is at Kurilpa Point, within the Queensland Cultural Centre on the Brisbane River at South Bank, the Brisbane Public Library was established by the government of the Colony of Queensland in 1896, and was renamed the Public Library of Queensland in 1898. The library was opened to the public in 1902, in 1934, the Oxley Memorial Library, and named for the explorer John Oxley, opened as a centre for research and study relating specifically to Queensland. A year after that, James L. Stapleton was appointed Queenslands first State Librarian, in 1971, the Public Library became the State Library. A few years later the Country Lending Service was established to provide book exchange, the CLS is still going strong today, administered by the State Librarys Public and Indigenous Library Services program. In 2003, the State Library began a new mission of establishing Indigenous Knowledge Centres in the Cape York, there is now a network of 22 IKCs in remote and regional communities, across Cape York, the Northern Peninsula. Area, the islands of the Torres Strait, Central Queensland, the State Librarys current strategic vision is to enrich the lives of Queenslanders through creatively engaging people with information, knowledge and community. In early 2011, the library donated 50,000 pictures to Wikimedia Commons, the library holds general collections, including books, journals and magazines, newspapers, audiovisual items, family history, maps, music, ephemera, Internet and electronic resources. There are research collections and services – including the John Oxley Library and the Australian Library of Art, the library is home to two UNESCO Memory of the World significant collections, Labour Party Manifesto and the Margaret Lawrie collection of Torres Strait Islands material. The library holds a collection of Queensland election-related material, including websites, posters, flyers, access to collections, including access to 50,000 Copyright-free Queensland images through Wikimedia Commons Provides books and other resource material to public libraries throughout Queensland. Specialist services to libraries in a number of areas, including services to young people. Public programs and exhibitions, including exhibition loans to schools, museums, outreach programs in reference, research, information literacy, Internet training and digitisation throughout Queensland for public library staff and the general community. A digital culture centre called The Edge, for young people, a free coworking space, the Business Studio, supports startups, entrepreneurs and small business. Free guided tours of the building are available, in 2010, a total of 3730 school students participated in a tour. The then-Brisbane Public Library moved into the Old State Library Building in William Street and this building had formerly been occupied by the Queensland Museum. The Library originally shared accommodation in the building with an art gallery, in the late 1950s, an extension, with a distinctive tiled mural on the exterior, was built onto the building to provide more space. The mural was the design in a national competition held in 1958
15.
State Library of Tasmania
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The State Library of Tasmania is the main library of the library system in the state of Tasmania, Australia. The State Library of Tasmania administers and funds all public libraries in Tasmania, there are 7 city/suburban lending libraries and 39 smaller branch libraries located in the main cities, regional and rural centres throughout the state. All libraries share a single catalogue and the collection circulates freely between the libraries, located on the second floor of the Hobart LINC building, Murray Street, Hobart, the State Reference Library contains over 200,000 books, periodicals, maps and directories. Items in the catalogue not located on the floor can be retrieved by library staff from an area called the Stack within 30 minutes. Reference and research services are provided to on-site and off-site clients using a range of print, the Ask a Librarian webpage provides clients with access to virtual and online enquiry services. The library operates several collections and archives of historical publications and documents, all Tasmanian-related material is collected including all works published in Tasmania, all works published about Tasmania, and all works by Tasmanian authors. A collection of books, documents, photographs, works of art and objects collected by Sir William Crowther. The library contains about 15,000 books and manuscripts, as well as photographs and artworks, another collection of historical material, bequeathed to the people of Tasmania by the Allport family to the library in 1965. It includes about 6,000 books, and outstanding collection of about 2,500 colonial-era artworks and collections of Georgian era furniture, British, French and Chinese porcelain. State Library of Tasmania - www. think-tasmania. com State Library of Tasmania website TALISPlus, New Tasmanian Library Catalogue Our Digital Island Allport Library and Museum of Fine Arts
16.
State Library of Victoria
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The State Library of Victoria is the central library of the state of Victoria, Australia, located in Melbourne. It is on the bounded by Swanston, La Trobe, Russell. The library holds over 2 million books and 16,000 serials, including the diaries of the founders, John Batman and John Pascoe Fawkner. It also houses the original armour of Ned Kelly, in 1853, the decision to build a state library was made at the instigation of Lieutenant-Governor Charles La Trobe and Mr Justice Redmond Barry, Q. C. On 3 July 1854, the recently inaugurated Governor Sir Charles Hotham laid the stone of both the new library and the University of Melbourne. The library opened in 1856, with a collection of 3,800 books chosen by Mr Justice Barry, augustus H. Tulk, the first librarian, was appointed three months after the opening. The first reading room was the Queens Reading Room, which opened in 1859, temporary buildings built in 1866 for the Intercolonial Exhibition remained in use by the library until 1909, when work began on a new annexe building to mark the librarys Jubilee. This new building was the landmark Domed Reading Room, which opened in 1913 and was designed by Norman G. Peebles, the reading domes original skylights were modified and covered in copper sheets in 1959 due to water leakage. The library underwent major refurbishments between 1990 and 2004, designed by architects Ancher Mortlock & Woolley, the project cost approximately A$200 million. The reading room closed in 1999 to allow for renovation, during which light was returned. The renamed La Trobe Reading Room reopened in 2003, as a result of the redevelopment, the State Library of Victoria can now be considered one of the largest exhibiting libraries in the world. In February 2010, the wing of the library on Little Lonsdale Street was reopened as the Wheeler Centre. On 29 April 2015 the Minister for Creative Industries Martin Foley announced that the 2015–16 State Budget would provide $55, the grassy lawn in front of the librarys grand entrance on Swanston Street is a popular lunch-spot for the citys workers and students at the adjacent RMIT University. Originally enclosed by a fence, then by a wrought iron fence and gates in the 1870s. A number of statues are in the entrance area, a pair of bronze lions graced the park from the 1860s until 1937. There are statues of Mr Justice Sir Redmond Barry, Q. C, on Sundays between 2,30 pm and 5,30 pm, a speakers forum takes place on the library forecourt, where orators take turns in speaking on various subjects. The landmark Domed Reading Room, which opened in 1913 and was designed by Norman G. Peebles and its octagonal space was designed to hold over a million books and up to 600 readers. It is 34.75 m in diameter and height, and its oculus is nearly 5 m wide
17.
State Library of Western Australia
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The State Library of Western Australia is a research, reference and public lending library located in the Perth Cultural Centre in Perth, Western Australia. It is an agency of the Western Australia Department of Culture and the Arts. The State Library has particular responsibility for collecting and preserving Western Australias documentary heritage, the J. S. Battye Library of West Australian History is the section of the library dedicated to West Australiana. In 1886, the Western Australian Legislative Council allocated £5000 to be spent in celebrations for Queen Victorias golden jubilee, of this, it was decided that £3000 would be used to establish a free public library in Perth. A foundation stone was laid at a site in St Georges Terrace in 1887, instead, books to the value of £1000 were ordered from England, and the library found temporary accommodation in a building opposite the site. The Victoria Public Library, named in honour of Queen Victoria, the first managers of the library were the clerks to the management committee, W. C. The first Chief Librarian, James Sykes Battye, was appointed in 1894, by 1896, construction had begun on a site at the corner of James and Beaufort Streets, and in 1897 the library moved to the new James Street site. In 1904, the word Victoria was removed from the name of the library, a new addition to the site was opened in 1913. It was called Hackett Hall after Sir John Winthrop Hackett, the President of the Trustees of the Library, Museum, the library shared this building with the Art Gallery and Museum, and the Western Australian Museum still occupies the building today. The Library Board of Western Australia was established with the passing of the Library Board of Western Australia Act 1951, appointing the first State Librarian, Francis Aubie Sharr. The purpose of the Board was to assist local authorities in establishing public libraries throughout the state. However, James Battye successfully resisted having the Board take over control of the Public Library of Western Australia and it was only after Battye died in office in 1954 that the Library Board gained control of the library. It was closed for a year for renovations, then reopened in 1956 as the State Library of Western Australia and this included a section dedicated to collecting Western Australian material – the J. S. Battye Library of West Australian History and State Archives, between 1964 and 2002 the organisation was known as the Library and Information Service of Western Australia. This reflected the Library Boards broader operations beyond the walls of the library, in July 2002, the library once again became known as the State Library of Western Australia. By the late 1970s, the library had grown sufficiently that staff were working from ten different sites and annexes in the city, planning was undertaken for a new building as part of the development of the Perth Cultural Centre. In 1985 the library’s current home, the Alexander Library Building, was opened and it is named after Professor Fred Alexander, the first chairman of the Library Board of Western Australia. Responsibility for the collection and management of records was transferred to SRO
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ACT Heritage Library
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The ACT Heritage Library is the state library of the Australian Capital Territory and the pre-eminent ACT reference library. The Library is the section of the ACT Library and Information Services and is located on Level 1, Woden Library, Corner Corinna Street and Furzer Street. Antoinette Buchanan has been the Manager of the ACT Heritage Library since 2004, the ACT Heritage Library collects, manages and provides access to material relevant to the ACTs documentary heritage. It offers assistance in researching matters relating to the ACT, its history, the collection of books and journals in the ACT Heritage Library focuses on the works published in the ACT, by ACT residents, or about the ACT. Special collections include the collection and a small zine collection, the ACT Heritage Library holds 4,000 maps and plans of Canberra and the ACT and plans of some public and private buildings. A full listing of the maps and plans collection is located on the ACT Heritage Library website, the collection of approximately 200 archives and manuscripts collections in the ACT Heritage Library focuses on local groups and individuals who have made notable contributions to the ACT community. Strengths include early education and performing arts. An index of archives held and links to finding aids is accessible from the ACT Heritage Library website, the ACT Heritage Library has an extensive ephemera collection of around 300 archive boxes and 2,000 posters, with a particular strength in the performing arts. Finding aids for the Librarys general ephemera, posters and performing arts ephemera collections are available from the Librarys website, additional ACT photographs held in national and state institutions, as well those from Images ACT, can be found on Picture Australia. The ACT Heritage Library regularly presents small exhibitions and display in their reading room, reflections of Canberra is an online exhibition, sampling the collection of the ACT Heritage Library and reflecting the changing landscape lifestyles of the Canberra region and its community. ACT Heritage Library ACT Library and Information Services ACT Public Library Blog
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Adelaide
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Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, Colonel William Light, one of Adelaides founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Lights design set out Adelaide in a layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the Second World War, it was Australias third-largest city and it has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties. It has been known as the City of Churches since the mid-19th century, as South Australias seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street. Today, Adelaide is noted for its festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of The Economist Intelligence Units Worlds Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,2011,2012 and 2015. It was also ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,2012 and 2013, prior to its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the indigenous Kaurna Aboriginal nation. Kaurna culture and language was almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the European settlement of South Australia in 1836, however, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. South Australia was officially proclaimed as a new British colony on 28 December 1836, the event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day. The site of the capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light. Adelaide was established as a colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution. Wakefields idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen
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Adelaide Convention Centre
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The Adelaide Convention Centre is a large convention centre on North Terrace, Adelaide, Australia. It was the first purpose-built convention centre to be built in Australia and it has been rebuilt and extended upon a few times since its original construction in 1987. In 1999 an extension was planned and in late 2001 it was unveiled and it was designed by Larry Oltmanns who was a design partner with SOM at the time. The project won the Royal Australian Institute of Architects 2002 Awards of Merit, BHP Colourbond Steel Award, Interior Architecture, sOM’s expansion and renovation of Adelaide’s Convention Centre reconnected historic parts of the city to the waterfront. The SOM project, was completed with Adelaide architects Woods Bagot. and its rational cooking system, the largest of any convention centre in the world, is equipped to serve 4,000 dinners in 20 minutes. The centres main Plenary Hall can house up to 3,500 people in full convention mode, looking over Torrens Lake, the centre is home to most of Adelaides major conventions. It has also been the location of some significant commemorations of Australian icons, aVCon, an annual anime and video games convention has been held at the Adelaide Convention Centre since 2009. The most recent expansion was announced in 2011, Stage 1 would include a 4300 square metre multi-purpose concert space, meeting spaces and a 1000-seat ballroom over the railway tracks. Mr Rann said Stage 2, scheduled to be completed by mid 2017, Woods Bagot and Larry Oltmanns of Vx3 Architects. Strategists. Urban Designers were appointed as the design team for the $350 million expansion in February 2011. Adelaide Vintage Expo 2013 Tsanzsrs Annual Scientific Meeting List of convention and exhibition centers Adelaide Convention Centre
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Adelaide Desalination Plant
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In September 2007 South Australian Premier Mike Rann announced that the State Government would fund and build a desalination plant to insure Adelaides water supply against drought. The plant was financed and built by SA Water, a state-owned corporation, the plant was initially planned to have a capacity of 50 gigalitres of water per year, but was later doubled in capacity to 100 GL/year with the assistance of funding from the Australian Government. The expanded capacity represents around 50% of Adelaides domestic water supply, the plant was completed on time and within the original budget. Stage one of the plant commenced operations in October 2011, the plant was officially opened on 26 March 2013. The Adelaide Desalination Project is the largest infrastructure project that the State of South Australia has funded, South Australia, as the driest state in the driest continent, has experienced severe water shortages during periods of drought. In light of the drought, South Australian Premier Mike Rann announced on 11 September 2007 that the State Government would fund and he said the plant would provide insurance policy against future droughts and cost more than $1.4 billion. Then Opposition Leader Kevin Rudd made similar pledges, the site for the main desalination plant was purchased by SA Water from ExxonMobil in December 2008. The plant is located on the shore of Gulf St Vincent just north of ExxonMobils disused Port Stanvac Oil Refinery. It lies within the suburb of Lonsdale in the City of Onkaparinga. The residential area just north of the plant lies within the suburb of Hallett Cove, the plant was originally intended to be capable of producing 50 GL per year and projected to cost almost $1.4 billion. During late 2008 and early 2009 the South Australian Government was actively considering doubling the capacity to 100 GL/year at an incremental cost of around $450 million and it sought funding from the Australian Government for the full cost of this expansion. In May 2009 the Australian Government, under Prime Minister Rudd, announced a grant of $100 million to support the stage of the project under the National Urban Water. This announcement fulfilled Rudds commitment during the 2007 election campaign, as part of this announcement, the Australian Government also committed a further $228 million for the expansion to 100 GL/year. The South Australian Government subsequently committed to the expansion in June 2009, the final capital cost of A$1. Construction of this pilot plant commenced in June 2008, and was completed on 4 August 2008. The pilot plant was operated for two years through to October 2010 and provided information to further optimise the design of the main plant. The procurement process for the construction of the plant was, Expressions of interest Request for proposal to short-listed respondents Evaluation and negotiation Contract execution, the preferred respondent was a consortium consisting of McConnell Dowell Constructors, Abigroup Contractors and Acciona. A 20-year operations and maintenance contract was awarded to AdelaideAqua Pty Ltd, completion of the initial 50 GL/year stage was initially targeted for the end of June 2012
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Adelaide Town Hall
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Adelaide Town Hall is a landmark building on King William Street in Adelaide, South Australia, Australia. The City of Adelaide Town Hall complex includes the Town Hall, Adelaide Town Hall was designed by Edmund Wright and Edward Woods, with construction commencing in 1863 and completed in 1866. The tower, whose stone was laid on 13 January 1864, is named after Prince Albert and is slightly shorter than the Victoria Tower of the GPO on the other side of King William Street. Townsend Duryeas famous Panorama of 1865 was taken from the Albert Tower, the clock, by Thomas Gaunt & Co of Melbourne, was donated by Lavington Bonython and installed in 1935. This league was the organisation that campaigned in favour of federation in South Australia. The meeting at the Town Hall was a public gathering attended by many prominent South Australians. The meeting was notable for the large number of women who attended. The hall is famous for an appearance by The Beatles on the balcony in 1964 and it serves as the seat of the Adelaide City Council, concerts with the Adelaide Symphony Orchestra and has function centre facilities available for hire. As a venue for concerts, its acoustics and sense of history have often been praised. Adelaide Town Hall is listed on the Register of the National Estate, after the official opening in 1866, a campaign began to obtain a pipe organ for the Auditorium. The City’s amateur musicians held two concerts which raised ₤120 for the Organ Fund, only to see the money used to settle the account for the Albert Bells instead. In 1869, the Adelaide Philharmonic Society was formed and the choir staged 25 concerts over the six years to raise over ₤500 for the Organ Fund. The estimated cost of the organ was ₤1,200 and the Council had promised to contribute ₤600, in 1875 Council ordered an organ from the London manufacturers, William Hill & Son. As a compromise on the cost, the Council decided to have Hill & Son construct the organ so that it could be added to in later years, the total cost came to £2106. 16s. 9d. The opening concert was held on 2 October 1877 but it wasnt long before a campaign to enlarge the organ by adding solo stops began and this upgrade was completed in 1885. Initially the post of City Organist was a one, with George Oughton on the stool from 1879 to 1884. When it became a position, it would have been expected that Jones be appointed, but it went instead to W. R. Pybus. Jones then followed, from 1917 to 1923, W. R. Knox 1923–1928, John Dempster 1929–1932 and Harold Wylde 1932–1966, succeeded by J. V. Peters
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Ayers House (Adelaide)
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Ayers House is the modern name for an historic mansion in Adelaide, South Australia located on North Terrace. It is named after Sir Henry Ayers, five times Premier of South Australia and wealthy industrialist and it is the only mansion on North Terrace to have survived. Plans for the historic mansion, which for the greater part of its existence was named Austral House, were developed in 1846 for William Paxton. In 1855, Sir Henry leased the property when it was a 9-room brick house and he transformed it into a mansion over a number of years during the 1860s. It is constructed of bluestone and is Regency period in style. The mansion is thought to have designed by George Strickland Kingston. It was one of the first properties in Adelaide to be fitted with gas lighting, during Sir Henry Ayers parliamentary service, the house was used for Cabinet meetings, parliamentary dinners and grand balls. Internally, the rooms of the mansion feature hand-painted ceilings, stencilled woodwork and contain memorabilia from the Ayers family, Sir Henry also commissioned the building of a basement to allow him to escape the hot Adelaide summers. Since Sir Henry Ayers occupation, the mansion has had many functions including a hall, a club for injured soldiers. In 1909, following an Adelaide Club ball at the house, Henry Newland proposed the purchase the property. Eventually, it was sold in 1914 to Arthur John Walkley and they built a dance hall The Palais Royal on its western side and entertainment areas to the east. The State Government bought the property in 1926 to house nurses, further dormitories were added in 1946, these were removed in 1973. Austral House was closed as a quarters in 1969. Ayers House is now the property of the South Australian State Government, for the last 40 years it has been used as a wedding & event center and museum. In 1970 Premier Don Dunstan overrode his Cabinet colleagues to save the building from being demolished. With his tourism brief he moved to renovate the North Terrace mansion as a tourist and cultural center with a museum and fine dining, the bedrooms became the famous fine dining Henry Ayers Restaurant, and the stables a bistro. Today there are 4 private event rooms
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Beehive Corner
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The name gained currency from The Beehive, a drapers shop opened by Brewer and Robertson from October 1849 then J. V. B. Ryley from 1850 to 1858, followed by Israel Simmons who ran the shop until 1886, according to one reference it had a beehive motif on the glass door portrayed in gold leaf. Nearby tenants included Edmund Wright the well-known architect, William Ekins the gunsmith, the name is even older – archivist G. H. Pitt found the name was chosen by the original owners to denote a busy trading centre. It had been a landmark for fifty years in 1895 when what is essentially the present Beehive Buildings were built for the owner. It was built three storeys above the pavement, and was Gothic in character, each finishing with crockets and a finial. At the main angle an ornamental turret was corbelled out, surmounted by a gilded beehive and bee, the piers dividing the shopfronts were of Palmer granite. Sliding shutters were fitted to the windows facing King William Street, the sills of the windows facing Rundle Street were fitted with a small iron railing. The architects were English & Soward, in 1950 the prime corner section of the complex was sold to confectioner C. A. Haigh for his iconic shop after his leasing it for some 35 years. The neo-Gothic facade and prominent tourelle were refurbished in 1998 by the firm of Harrold, for over a century, Meet you at the Beehive Corner has been a common phrase among Adelaideans when nominating a meeting-place in the city. Simmonss The Bee Hive ca.1873 Haighs Chocolates 34°55′22″S 138°35′59″E
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Bonython Hall
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Bonython Hall is the great hall of the University of Adelaide, located in the university grounds and facing North Terrace, Adelaide. The building is on the Register of the National Estate and the South Australian Heritage Register and it is primarily used for University graduation ceremonies, examinations, expositions and public lectures and meetings likely to draw large audiences. The hall was built in the period 1933-1936 as a result of a donation of over £50,000 from Sir John Langdon Bonython, folklore also maintains that the Bonython family were very conservative and did not want the building used as a dance hall. Hence, the hall was designed and built with a sloping rather than flat floor. Beginning in 2005, the University has been conducting renovation works, the quality of these works has been rewarded with an Award of Merit at the 2007 UNESCO Asia-Pacific Heritage Awards for Culture Heritage Conservation
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Carrick Hill
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Carrick Hill is a publicly accessible historic property at the foot of the Adelaide Hills, in the suburb of Springfield, in South Australia. It was the Adelaide home of Sir Edward Bill Hayward and his wife Lady Ursula, and contains a large collection of drawings, sculptures, antiques and paintings. Completed in 1939 and built in the style of an English manor, it is one of the few homes in Australia to have survived with its grounds undiminished. The nearly 40-hectare property was the gift of Ursulas father to the Haywards. After their marriage in 1935 the couple spent a honeymoon in Europe. They bought many of the furnishings for their new home, including a staircase, at the sale of Beaudesert House in Staffordshire. Construction of Carrick House began in 1937 and was completed in 1939, during this time Lady Ursula designed the gardens. The Haywards claimed a number of artists as close friends. Ursula was an artist in her own right, and her work is also represented, Carrick Hill was bequeathed to the state on Sir Edwards death in 1983. It is open to the public for most of the year, an admission charge applies to the house, but not the gardens. Carrick Hill regularly houses themed art exhibitions, on 13 November 2005, it hosted a reunion picnic for former staff of John Martins, which was for many years owned by the Hayward family. The event coincided with the opening of a history exhibition entitled Johnnies Spirit of a State and was held on the weekend of the Adelaide Christmas Pageant. Carrick Hill Ursula Hayward History - includes information about Sir Edward City of Mitcham, Carrick Hill Postcards, Carrick Hills French connection Johnnies reunion picnic
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Government House, Adelaide
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Government House, located in Adelaide on the corner of North Terrace and King William Road, is the official residence of the Governor of South Australia. The original Government Hut was a hut constructed by the seamen of HMS Buffalo. Governor John Hindmarsh wrote in May 1837 I have but one end of my mud hut finished an all my family lay on the floor of one room while two smaller ones serve for Mrs. H. myself and a female servant. When Kingston received tenders for the work they were in the vicinity of £7,000. After further amendment of the plans to reduce the cost, a contract was let to the builders, Messrs East, the earliest part of the House to be built was the east wing of the present building. It was completed and occupied in May 1840, when completed, Government House consisted of the present main Drawing Room, Morning Room, Small Dining Room, and upstairs there were three bedrooms, a dressing room and two small servants rooms. Cottages have been built in the part of the grounds, originally for the Butler. Governors, their families and house guests make use of all the upstairs rooms, governors formerly used a summer residence in the Adelaide Hills to escape the heat of the Adelaide Plains. Two buildings were used for this purpose, the first of these, Old Government House, was built in Belair National Park in 1860. In 1880, this building was superseded by a residence at Marble Hill near Norton Summit. Subsequently, the Governor was not provided with a summer residence, Government House is located in magnificent well kept grounds which are periodically used for important public ceremonies
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Myer Centre, Adelaide
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The Myer Centre is a five level shopping centre in the heart of the Adelaide CBD situated along the Rundle Mall shopping precinct and North Terrace. It is owned by Starhill Global REIT and managed by CBRE, the Myer Centre is the largest shopping centre in the Adelaide city centre and houses the largest Myer store in South Australia, along with over 80 smaller shops. The level below street level includes a food court. The Rundle Mall side of the building has an 8-level atrium, in the 1990s, the upper level housed an indoor amusement park named Dazzeland that included Australias only indoor rollercoaster. The North Terrace facade of the Myer Centre includes two heritage buildings — Shell House and Goldsbrough House, above these and the Myer retail outlet is a 6-storey office tower named Terrace Towers
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National War Memorial (South Australia)
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The National War Memorial is a monument on the north edge of the city centre of Adelaide, South Australia, commemorating those who served in the First World War. Opened in 1931, the memorial is located on the corner of North Terrace and Kintore Avenue, Memorial services are held at the site throughout the year, with major services on both Anzac Day and Remembrance Day. First proposed in 1919, the memorial was funded by the Parliament of South Australia, the design of the memorial was selected through two architectural competitions. The first competition, in 1924, produced 26 designs—all of which were lost before judging could be completed after fire destroyed the building in which they were housed. A second competition, in 1926, produced 18 entries, out of which the design by the architectural firm Woods, Bagot, in this, the work is not displaying a material victory, but instead a victory of the spirit. Almost 35,000 South Australians served in the First World War and this number amounted to 8. 5% of the South Australian population at the time, or 37. 7% of men between the ages of 18 and 44. Of those who served, over 5,000 South Australians died, the motion was presented in March 1919, and it received unanimous support in the House of Assembly and the Legislative Council. With the passing of this motion, the South Australian Government became the first in Australia to elect to build a memorial to the soldiers of the First World War, there have been at least two perspectives offered as to why the term National was employed. Entry was open to South Australians who were British subjects, the competition closed on 30 September 1924, and there was a one-guinea entry fee. Three assessors were nominated to judge the entries, the South Australian Architect-in-Chief, A. E. Simpson, local architect Herbert Louis Jackman, out of those 28, a total of 26 firms submitted designs by the deadline. On 10 November 1924, before judging could be completed, the Richards Building in Currie Street was destroyed by fire, little progress had been made on the memorial by 1926. By 1925 the National War Memorial committee was prepared to accept the Government House grounds as the site of the memorial and this proved to be fortuitous, as legal issues prevented the plan from going ahead. Instead a portion of the grounds, located at the corner of North Terrace, in 1926, after pressure from the returned soldiers, a second competition was announced. Once again the budget was set at £25,000, in deference to the previous competition, the top five entrants from 1924 were each given £75 upon the submission of a new design, and all of the designs were insured by the government for £100 each. Nevertheless, in his Assessors Report, Murdoch acknowledged that the quality of some of the proposals was such that they probably would not have been exceeded had the competition been more open. After examining the submissions, on 15 January 1927, the design by Louis Laybourne Smith, was selected by Murdoch as the winner. Woods, Bagot, Jory & Laybourne-Smith had entered the 1924 competition with a designed by Walter Bagot. Thus Laybourne-Smith was responsible for drawing and submitting the final design, when announced to the public the design was universally hailed as a masterpiece
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National Wine Centre of Australia
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The National Wine Centre of Australia is a public exhibition building about winemaking and its industry in South Australia, opened in 2001. It contains a permanent exhibition of winemaking, introducing visitors to the technology. It also has a wine tasting area, giving visitors the opportunity to taste, the Wine Centre is situated at the eastern end of North Terrace, Adelaide in the east parklands and adjacent to the Adelaide Botanic Gardens. The building designed by Cox Grieve Gillett uses building materials to reflect items used in making wine, the exterior of the building looks like a section of a wine barrel. Outside the building are rows of grapevines, showing seven different varieties of grapes to curious visitors who normally wouldnt have access to a vineyard to see the differences for themselves. Its development by the Olsen Liberal State Government was shrouded in controversy and it eventually opened on 7 October 2001 after enabling legislation created the concept in the National Wine Centre Act. After a number of problems with funding, management and profitability and it now offers some of the universitys oenology courses, as well as the public face of the wine industry in Australia. South Australian food and drink Official website
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Old Government House, South Australia
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Old Government House is a historic building located in Belair National Park, South Australia. It was the residence of the Governor of South Australia from 1860-1880. It is now a tourist attraction and is open to the public on Sundays, Old Government House was South Australia’s first official vice-regal summer residence. It was constructed from sandstone, with the red-brick for the quoins sourced from the Blackwood brickworks. The residences indoor plunge-pool was reportedly the first in the colony and it was superseded by a larger summer residence at Marble Hill, completed in 1880. It was then used by the curator of the Department of Woods and Forests Nursery until it was transferred to the National Parks, minor renovation work was carried out and the building was opened as a museum. More extensive renovations in the 1970s and again in 2002-03 restored the building to its original grandeur, Old Government House is now cared for by the Friends of Old Government House, a member group of Friends of Parks Inc. Within a few years of the settlement of South Australia, the government decided to establish a Government Farm for the purpose of agisting horses and bullocks. In July 1840, in a highly irregular transaction, thirteen surveyed sections of 80 acres, the sale was dubious in that it was paid by private promissory note, rather than through official government channels. Additionally, the document did not mention three of the 80 acre sections, nor the large section of rough country. When Gawler was replaced by George Grey in May 1841, the finances were in considerable debt. As a fundraising measure, the established farm was offered for public sale. However, realising that their title to the land was dubious, ironically, the governments questionable title to the land ensured it remained in public ownership. The five most westerly sections of the farm were disposed as land grants in 1844 and they were developed as orchards, vineyards and market gardens, eventually becoming the suburbs of Glenalta and Monalta in the housing boom of the mid 20th century. This sale left the Government Farm at approximately the same extent that it remains, as Belair National Park, South Australias economy recovered in the 1850s due to the Victorian gold rush. Governor MacDonnell, having already extended Government House in the city and it was designed by the Colonial Architect Edward Hamilton, with assistance from R. A. Charles Farr was chosen as the chief builder, when completed in 1860, the building contained two main rooms, a small office, bathroom, dressing room and cellar. A large five-sided bay window in the room had French-doors which opened onto a wide
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Parliament House, Adelaide
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Parliament House, on the corner of North Terrace and King William Road in the Adelaide city centre, is the seat of the Parliament of South Australia. It was built to replace the adjacent and overcrowded Parliament House, due to financial constraints, the current Parliament House was constructed in stages over 65 years from 1874 to 1939. The 47-seat House of Assembly consists of 24 Labor,21 Liberal and 2 independents, Geoff Brock, following the 2014 election, the lower house consisted of 23 Labor,22 Liberal and 2 independents, Geoff Brock and Bob Such. Martin Hamilton-Smith became an independent shortly after the election, reducing the Liberals to 21 seats, both Hamilton-Smith and fellow independent Geoff Brock are in cabinet and provide confidence and supply while retaining the right to vote on conscience. Labor went from minority to majority government when Nat Cook won the 2014 Fisher by-election which was triggered by the death of Bob Such. The 22-seat Legislative Council consists of 7 Labor,8 Liberal,2 Green,2 Family First,1 Dignity for Disability and 2 independents, John Darley and Bernard Finnigan. A commission, appointed by the Governor of South Australia, was set up in 1874 to adjudicate a design competition for the new building, a design by prominent Adelaide architect Edmund Wright and his partner Lloyd Taylor was selected winner. This Greek Revival design featured ornate columns of the Corinthian order, impressive towers, however, lack of funds resulted in the towers and dome being removed from the design that was implemented. Occasionally, plans to complete the building by constructing the towers and dome are revived, Parliament House was built with Kapunda marble and West Island granite. Construction began on the West Wing in 1874 and was completed in 1889 at a cost of £165,404, the West Wing contained the new chamber for the South Australian House of Assembly and associated offices. The South Australian Legislative Council continued in the Old Parliament House next door, economic depression in the 1890s delayed the completion of Parliament House, and it was not until 1913 that plans were sketched for the East Wing. The outbreak of the Great War again delayed construction, the project also functioned as a job generation scheme to alleviate the mass unemployment of the Great Depression. Work began on the East Wing in 1936, the year of South Australias centenary and it was presented to The Parliament Of South Australia by The Empire Parliamentary Association United Kingdom in 1939. The statue and plaque are located in a setting at the front of the building, the completed Parliament House was formally opened on 5 June 1939 by Lord Gowrie, the 10th Governor-General of Australia. Parliament of South Australia, Parliament House Parliament of South Australia
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South African War Memorial (South Australia)
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The South African War Memorial is an equestrian memorial dedicated to the South Australians who served in the Second Boer War of 11 October 1899 to 31 May 1902. It was the first war in which South Australians fought, and 1531 men were sent in nine contingents, over 59 South Australians died in the war. The memorial is located in front of the entrance to Government House, one of the most prominent buildings in Adelaide, on the corner of North Terrace. It was constructed with a budget of £2500 raised through public donations, while the statue itself was not intended to represent any particular soldier, there is evidence suggesting that the head of the rider was based on that of George Henry Goodall. The statue was unveiled by the Governor of South Australia, George Le Hunte and it has since become one of the focal points for the Anzac day marches, as well as being regarded as one of the most eye-catching and significant statues in the city. As such, it was added to the heritage listing in 1990. In 1899, the Orange Free State and Transvaal declared war on Britain, South Australia, fiercely loyal to the British Empire and still two years away from federation, joined the other Australian colonies in sending troops to support the Empire in the conflict. With the support of Adelaides newspapers, nine contingents of South Australian troops were sent to the war during the three years of hostilities, totaling 1531 men and 1507 horses. Funding for the endeavor was garnered through the State and Imperial Governments in combination with funds raised through public subscriptions, by the time hostilities ended on 31 May 1902, at least 59 South Australians had been killed in the war. Chaired by George Brookman, the committee rapidly raised £2500 from public donations, the original intent of the committee was to purchase a secondhand statue and to make alterations to suit. Nevertheless, the Agent-General recommended Captain Adrian Jones, a veterinarian, military officer and sculptor who had an affinity for animals, and who had previously worked on equestrian projects. The second option he priced at £1600, arguing that the reduced cost was acceptable as it would allow him to keep his staff in employment until the larger South African commission was finalized. The committee were quite taken by his sketch, agreeing to the second option, finding that he needed advice in regard to accouterments and the attitude of Australian soldiers, Jones made inquiries about consulting with an Australian. Goodall was volunteered to attend Jones in order to model and to provide advice, Goodall later described how Jones had requested that he pose while the sculptor created a clay model of his head, but Simon Cameron observed that Joness memoirs do not mention any sittings. In the same memorandum it was noted that Goodall only posed for the head, with the choice of statues settled, a competition was run in Adelaide in 1903 to find the design for the pedestal. A total of 12 entries were received, with the submission by Garlick, Sibley, the pedestal is 12 feet in height, and was constructed from granite quarried from the nearby town of Murray Bridge. The bronze plaques which are mounted on the sides of the pedestal list the names of 59 South Australians who died in the conflict, a further 16 South Australians died in relation to the Boer War, while an additional four died either during training or upon their return. The memorial is located in front of Government House on the corner of North Terrace and King William Street, the memorial was unveiled on 6 June 1904
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Torrens Building
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The Torrens Building, named after Sir Robert Richard Torrens, is a State Heritage listed building on the corner of Victoria Square and Wakefield Street in Adelaide, South Australia. Originally known as the Government Offices, the Torrens Building has been home to a number of government departments for most of its existence. Since 2005, it been the site of the University City Adelaide precinct, housing campuses of Carnegie Mellon University, Cranfield University, University College London and Torrens University. In 2015, the Torrens Building was offered for sale as part of the State Administration Centre precinct by the Government of South Australia, between 1991 and 1995, major refurbishment of the Torrens Building was undertaken. Once completed, the building was used to accommodate a number of community groups and organisations including, division Inc Volunteering SA Incorporated Following renovation, the building was reopened by then Premier of South Australia, John Olsen, on 19 September 1997. A plaque on the Western wall exterior commemorates the centenary of the Real Property Act 1858, the plaque was unveiled on 1 July 1958 by then Lieutenant Governor of South Australia, Sir Mellis Napier. The Torrens Building houses a board displaying the names of Government of South Australia employees killed in World War I. Carnegie Mellon University Australia - H
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The Heights Observatory
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The Heights Observatory is an Astronomical Observatory at The Heights School in Modbury Heights, Adelaide, South Australia. A group of known as the STAR Group learns astronomy at an advanced level. The Observatory consists of two buildings, in 1996, a second building with a roll off roof was constructed. This contained a second hand 10 Meade LX-200 Schmidt-Cassegrain telescope, in August 2011, the 10 Meade in the Inghams building was replaced by a 14 Meade LX-200 GPS-ACF. This was purchased with a grant from the Education Minister, topped up with fund raising money from the STAR Group, the observatory also houses a portable 10 Dobsonian, a 90mm computerised SkyWatcher refractor and two Coronado solar telescopes. In April 2012, the Heights School purchased a research-grade,12.5 space-certified Ritchey–Chrétien built by Optical Guidance Systems, students are actively involved with the observatory. In 2011, a Yr 12 Student used the original 10 LX200, members of STAR Group demonstrate real time imaging on their Research Grade OGS telescope, and show the Public through the 14 LX200 in the Dome and the portable scopes
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St Francis Xavier's Cathedral, Adelaide
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St Francis Xaviers Cathedral is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Adelaide, South Australia. It is classified as being a Gothic Revival building in the Early English style, the tower stands 36 m high and is 56.5 m lengthwise and 29.5 m horizontally. The foundation stone was laid in 1856, and construction of the began in 1887. However, it was not completed until 1996, in 1838, two years after the proclamation of South Australia, an advertisement was put up to organise religious meetings for South Australian Catholics. The first Mass was celebrated in a house on East Terrace in 1840, in 1845, a Catholic primary school was set up and used as the religious centre for Catholics until the foundation stone for a cathedral was laid in 1851 for a design by Richard Lambeth. However, with a rush in Victoria, Lambeth left along with many of the population, leaving no plans. The original foundation stone was put in place on 17 March 1856 by the general, Father Michael Ryan. It was first extended when construction began at the end of the cathedral, including the sanctuary, side chapel, lady chapel. Construction of the first extension finished the year in November 1860. With further growth in the population of Adelaide, another extension was required to seat more worshippers, in November 1886, Bishop Reynolds laid the foundation stone for an extension on the eastern side for a further 200 people, as well new vestries and confessionals. These were completed in August the following year, in 1904, electric lighting was introduced. The cathedral was expanded again in 1923, with extensions to the aisle and northern end of the bell tower. The bells are rung by members of The Australian and New Zealand Association of Bellringers, the cathedral suffered significant damage in the 1954 Adelaide earthquake. Located at the corner is a statue of St John the Baptist. The lady chapel altar, located at the south-west, is made from Carrara marble with inset panels of lapis lazuli and was dedicated in 1954, bronze statues of Joseph and Jesus and the flight into Egypt are also depicted on the western side of the cathedral. At the front of the cathedral, the end, are lancet windows featuring images of St Patrick and St Lawrence, as well depictions of the life of Mary. The eastern side of the features a statue of St Patrick. The cathedral has had three organs throughout its history, the first was put in place in 1869 by Johann Wolff, with two pedals and one manual
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St Peter's Cathedral, Adelaide
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St Peters Cathedral is an Anglican cathedral in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It is the seat of the Archbishop of Adelaide and Metropolitan of the Province of South Australia, the cathedral, a significant Adelaide landmark, is situated on approximately 1 acre of land at the corner of Pennington Terrace and King William Road in the suburb of North Adelaide. The See of Adelaide was constituted in June 1847, as there was no cathedral, Trinity Church on North Terrace was denoted as the pro tempore cathedral church. Augustus Short, the first Bishop of Adelaide, held the first ordinations there on 29 June 1848, when Adelaide was surveyed by Colonel William Light over a decade before, land in Victoria Square had been set aside for public use. Bishop Short obtained a grant in the square from Governor Robe in March 1848. By late 1849 a subscription was bringing in funds for construction of a cathedral on the now cleared site, around this time the legality of the land grant began to be publicly questioned. It was argued that the area was a reserve and the governor had no power to issue such grants. To resolve matters Bishop Short, supported by the Synod, took the matter to the Supreme Court, the judgment in June 1855 confirmed that the grant was invalid and construction could not proceed. Bishop Short purchased just over an acre of land, on Pennington Terrace in North Adelaide and he reported in 1868 that the funds gathered were sufficient and announced to the dioceses synod of his decision to begin construction of a cathedral. Bishop Short had William Butterfield design the cathedral, but the communication gap between England and Adelaide contributed to delays and disagreement. Butterfields plans were purchased and given to Edward John Woods, of Adelaide architectural firm Wright, Woods and Hamilton, Woods changed some of the plans materials and design, while keeping the general details as Butterfield had proposed. Woods was noted by his colleague Walter Bagot as strongly influenced by French architect Eugène Viollet-le-Duc, Bishop Short laid the foundation stone, a 13 long hundredweight block from Glen Ewin Quarry, on St Peters Day 1869 in front of over a thousand people. Brown and Thompson contracted for the work, which progressed slowly. The first service was held on St Peters Day 1876, though the building was incomplete, Synod meetings and regular services began in May 1877. The women of the diocese had raised £1,200 to purchase an organ which was installed in 1877, the first part of the cathedral was consecrated on 1 January 1878. By the time Bishop Short retired in late 1881, £18,000 received from donors had been spent. Much of the furnishing was also donated including stained glass windows, a font, the chancels tessellated pavement. Work began again in 1890 during the tenure of Bishop George Wyndham Kennion, Governor the Earl of Kintore laid a foundation stone,1.5 long tons of Monarto South granite, on 27 September
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Westpac House
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Westpac House is the tallest building in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. It is a 31 storey office tower, reaching 132 metres at its roof and it is set back from Currie Street near the intersection with King William Street, and is connected to two adjacent office buildings on Currie Street. It has four street frontages, and various pedestrian thoroughfares, the building was originally known as the State Bank building, before the 1991 State Bank Collapse, when it was purchased by Santos and renamed the Santos Building in February 1997. From 2007, it has known as Westpac House. Opened in 1988 as the State Bank Building, it became Santos House after the collapse of the State Bank in the early 1990s and its major tenants have included Santos, PricewaterhouseCoopers, HWL Ebsworth, Institute of Chartered Accountants in Australia and the Australian Stock Exchange. In 2007, Santos moved their headquarters into a new building on Flinders Street, for the last 20 years, in the lead up to major holidays, the windows are selectively lit up in formation. These include a cross for Easter and ANZAC Day. Abacus Property Group acquired a 50% interest in Santos House in October 2004, being the tallest building in Adelaide, it was chosen as the venue for the stair race events at the 2007 World Police and Fire Games. Between 11 and 15 May 2007, the Santos sign on the building was removed and a single red W, in May 2016, according to the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat database, Westpac House was the 133rd tallest building in Australia. Emporis. com Abacus property group List of tallest buildings in Adelaide
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Chinatown, Adelaide
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Two large Paifang, which were erected by the city council, are guarded by the Chinese guardian lions. They mark the entrances at either end, the first dozen Chinese labourers arrived from Singapore in Adelaide in 1847 to work as indentured shepherds. Many Chinese people disembarked in the towns of South Australia before travelling overland to the Victorian goldfields due to immigration restrictions in Victoria. Chinatown in Adelaide began to grow in the 1970s and 1980s with the influx of Asian migrants particularly from Vietnam, produce was sold at the Central Market by market gardeners and this began the growth of the Asian food shops and cafés in the area. The pagoda style roofs, red lanterns, restaurants and grocery stores are found on Moonta Street, Chinatown Adelaide has hosted the official Lunar New Year Celebrations in Moonta Street since 2003. In 2013 the celebrations were expanded with the assistance of the Adelaide City Council, Gouger street was closed to accommodate a street party with traditional performances, market stalls and a pop-up street restaurant
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Rundle Mall
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Rundle Mall is a regional pedestrian street mall located in Adelaide, South Australia. It was opened as Australias first pedestrian mall in September 1976 by closing the section of Rundle Street between King William Street and Pulteney Street, to vehicular traffic, the street continues as Rundle Street to the east and Hindley Street to the west. The pedestrian mall has become the centerpiece of Adelaides city centre and it competes with the large shopping complexes in the suburbs, In 2009, retail space directly on the mall leased for up to $3,700 per square metre per year. The mall is home to the South Australian flagship stores of many large Australian retailers, the mall also features a number of arcades and plazas containing smaller boutiques and eateries. These include the Italianate styled Adelaide Arcade, Regent Arcade, Gays Arcade, City Cross, Southern Cross, Adelaide Central Plaza, Myer Centre, Renaissance Arcade, there are usually several buskers performing in the mall, licensed by the Adelaide City Council. The malls stores are open seven days a week. Rundle Street, from which the mall takes its name, is named after John Rundle, a member of the British House of Commons, the street was named on 23 May 1837 by the Street Naming Committee. In 1895, the first electric lighting was installed at the intersection of Rundle Street, King William Street. It also had a run through it when it was still part of Rundle Street. Other than Police and other government vehicles, drivers need permission to drive on the pedestrian strip, the mall is a dry zone as well as a smoke-free zone. There are several items of modern sculpture in the mall, the best-known is the 4 metre tall The Spheres by Bert Flugelman, two large stainless steel spheres with a diameter of 2.15 metres balanced one on top of the other. They are most commonly referred to as the Malls Balls or Rundle Mall balls, the Malls Balls are a common meeting place for visitors to the mall. Erected in 1977, they were commissioned by the then Hindmarsh Building Society, other sculpture includes a group of life-size bronze pigs − Horatio, Truffles, Augusta and Oliver - rooting around a rubbish bin. Of note is the historic Beehive Corner, completed in 1896 and it lies at the western end of the Mall, on the corner of King William Street, and was originally owned by John Rundle. Beehive Corner is built in the Neo-gothic style, which is reserved for churches. The Mall also contains a fountain that is painted in Victorian colours and was cast in the late 1800s. Not to be left in the dark, Rundle Mall also boasts the ELITEM Rundle Mall Super Screen—a 35SQM P12 LED display which broadcasts city, another noteworthy large lighting display is the Rundle Lantern which marks the eastern end of Rundle Mall and the beginning of Rundle Street. Towards the end of 2014, there was work being undertaken to demolish the café which was located near the junction with King William Street, the Adelaide City Council info centre was also relocated to the other end of the strip
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Victoria Square, Adelaide
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Victoria Square, also known as Tarndanyangga, is a public square in the South Australian capital of Adelaide. The square is in the centre of the grid of one square mile. The area was named Victoria Square by the Street Naming Committee on 23 May 1837, after Princess Victoria, less than a month later the King died and Victoria became Queen. The Kaurna people know the area as Tarndanyangga, The Dreaming Place of the Red Kangaroo, in line with the Adelaide City Councils recognition of Kaurna country, the area is officially referred to as Victoria Square/Tarndanyangga. A statue of Queen Victoria, from a model by C. B, birch, stands near the centre of the square. During the Christmas period, it is traditional for a 24.5 m high Christmas tree to be erected in the part of the square. On the eastern side is the Roman Catholic Cathedral Church of St Francis Xavier, the SA Water headquarters, State Government offices, including the office of the Premier, the square is bisected by the piece of road that connects Wakefield Street with Grote Street. The square was upgraded in 2014, new lighting was added. The east-west road connecting Grote and Wakefield Streets was named Reconciliation Plaza in 2013, the plaza hosts two flagpoles flying the Australian National Flag and the Aboriginal Flag, which has flown permanently in the square since 2002. In 1971, the square was the first place the Aboriginal Flag was flown, Reconciliation Plaza was officially opened on 26 May 2014 by then Lord Mayor Stephen Yarwood, Reconciliation Committee Chairperson Yvonne Agius and Journey of Healing SA Chairperson John Browne. The fountain was first set in operation by the Duke of Edinburgh on 28 May 1968, relocated to the southern end of the square, it was officially reopened by then Lord Mayor Stephen Yarwood in July 2014. This survey mark is the point for all other survey marks in South Australia. The mark was unveiled, along with a plaque by then Minister of Lands. Located in the centre of the square, adjacent Reconciliation Plaza, is a statue honouring Queen Victoria, the statue was presented to the city by Sir Edwin Smith, based on a design viewed in England in 1893. Inscribed simply with Victoria R. I. the statue was unveiled on 11 August 1894. The statue was removed, cleaned and polished in May 2013 as part of the upgrade of Victoria Square, the statue was symbolically draped in black as a sign of mourning following the death of Queen Victoria in 1901. For many years the a wreath laying ceremony was held at the foot of the statue each 24 May, Tarndanyangga was the headquarters or central camp of the Dundagunya tribe, a community numbering in the thousands. In 1837, Surveyor General Colonel William Light mapped a plan for the City of Adelaide, the design incorporated a central square to function as Adelaides focal point and provide open space for recreational activities
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Adelaide Gaol
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Adelaide Gaol was an Australian prison located in Thebarton, South Australia, Australia. The gaol was the first permanent one in South Australia and operated from 1841 until 1988, the Gaol is one of the two oldest buildings still standing in South Australia, the other being Government House which was built at the same time. The prison is now a museum, tourist attraction and function centre, when the first colonists arrived at South Australia in late 1836, any prisoners were held in irons aboard the ships HMS Buffalo and then Tam OShanter. In early 1837 the public were warned that escaped convicts from New South Wales may reach the colony and in mid-1837 Buffalo, recognising the need, tenders had already been called for a temporary gaol. Meanwhile, the Governors guard of Royal Marines held prisoners in their encampment in the present Botanic Gardens, chained to a tree. As the population expanded, a temporary lock-up became necessary, which was built in early 1838 near Government House and this was a wooden slab affair, with timber palisade fences, although one room was freestone, which became known as the stone jug. It was located at the north-east corner of present Government House Domain. In 1838, the first Sheriff, Samuel Smart, was wounded during a robbery led to one of the offenders, Michael Magee. When Governor Hindmarsh left, he took all his marines. Long term prisoners were sentenced to transportation in the penal colonies. Even so, the gaol was overcrowded, sometimes holding up to seventy prisoners, parts of the gaol became so dilapidated that if it had not been for the building behind, would have collapsed. In July 1838, it was reported that prisoners easily escaped because the walls were rotten, when Governor George Gawler arrived he was appalled at the conditions, saying that security was only being maintained by an expensive multiplicity of sentries. London police sub-inspectors James Stuart and William Baker Ashton arrived in November 1838 to form the first police force, the plans were based on Englands Pentonville prison. Proceedings of the Select Committee indicate that in Britain nothing was known of the gaols construction, the original estimate for construction was £17,000, however in late July 1840, one month after construction began, the plans were altered by Governor George Gawler. These new alterations added £9,000 to the cost, by March 1841 the goal was nearing completion, the builders Borrow and Goodiar had already received £l0,950 and they now requested a further £8,733 which Gawler refused. The dispute resulted in the claim being arbitrated in court and the arbitrators requested an independent valuation of the work completed, in May, Gawler was replaced by George Grey who accused Gawler of acting under no authority whatever. Gawler denied responsibility for the work and blamed Kingston, Kingston himself claimed the work was authorised by the Board of Works who denied even inspecting the site despite evidence they did so weekly. In early September the valuation was completed with the value of work estimated at more than £32,000 above the sum already paid, which the court awarded to Borrow and Goodiar
