Raymond Steele Hall was the 36th Premier of South Australia 1968–70, a senator for South Australia 1974–77, federal member for the Division of Boothby 1981–96. Hall was a state parliamentarian from 1959 to 1974, serving as Liberal and Country League leader from 1966 to 1972 and premier from 1968 to 1970, he introduced electoral reform, removing the Playmander which favoured the LCL, which contributed to his party's loss at the 1970 South Australian state election. In 1972 he founded the Liberal Movement, resigned from the LCL when the LM split from the LCL in 1973, he continued as a state parliamentarian until he resigned his seat in 1974 to be the LM's lead senate candidate at the 1974 Australian federal election. Hall won a senate seat for the LM at both 1975 elections. After the LM disbanded in 1976 he rejoined the Liberal Party, as it was now called in South Australia, he resigned from the senate in 1977 to contest the seat of Hawker at the 1977 Federal election, but was unsuccessful. In 1981 he won the seat of Boothby at the 1981 by-election, remained the Liberal member for Boothby until his retirement in 1996.

Hall was a farmer from Owen, eighty kilometres north of Adelaide. His wife, Joan Hall, was a Liberal politician representing the electoral district of Morialta in the South Australian parliament from 1993 to 2006; the couple met. Hall was elected to the South Australian House of Assembly as the Liberal and Country League member for Gouger at the 1959 election. Gaining a reputation for his independence and strength of his views, Hall rose through the LCL parliamentary ranks to assume party leadership following Sir Thomas Playford's retirement in July 1966. Playford, who had earlier served as premier for 26 years, endorsed Hall as his successor. Although Hall was more progressive than Playford (and indeed, asupport because they shared a background as small farmers, rather than a member of the rural elite or the prestigious Adelaide establishment. Hall served as Leader of the Opposition for two years before leading the LCL into the 1968 election. Considered young and handsome, he was the first Australian state premier to sport sideburns.

Indeed, the 1968 election, fought between Hall and his Labor opponent Don Dunstan, was described by the Democratic Labor Party as the battle of "the matinee idols". The election resulted with Labor and the LCL winning 19 seats each. LCL-leaning independent Tom Stott announced his support for the LCL. Dunstan and Labor were defeated in the legislature on 17 April, Hall was sworn in as premier that day. Hall set out to deal with the issue of electoral reform. Deliberately inequitable electoral boundaries, called the Playmander, had advantaged the LCL over the past 40 years. Since 1932, the House of Assembly had 39 members—13 from the Adelaide area and 26 from country areas. However, by the 1960s though Adelaide accounted for two-thirds of the state's population, a vote in Adelaide was worth only half a country vote. Hall was embarrassed that the LCL had been in a position to win government despite winning 43.8% of the first preference vote compared to Labor's 52%. He was concerned by the level of publicity and growing public protest about the issue.

This made him all the more committed to the principle of a fairer electoral system. Hall sponsored an electoral reform bill which expanded the House of Assembly to 47 seats, including 28 in the Adelaide area, it fell short of "one vote one value," as Dunstan and Labor had demanded, since rural areas were still overrepresented. As mentioned above, Adelaide now contained two-thirds of the state's population, it was a much fairer system than its predecessor. Hall undertook this knowing that it would strengthen Labor's hand. At the height of the LCL's popularity under Playford, Labor had dominated Adelaide, with the LCL only able to win a few seats in the "eastern crescent" and around Holdfast Bay. With Adelaide now electing a majority of the legislature, conventional wisdom held that Hall pushed for electoral reform knowing that he was handing the premiership to Dunstan at the next election. Whatever the public outcry over the electoral inequalities, Hall's political bravery in introducing legislation to reform the House of Assembly to a more equitable system of representation should not be underestimated.

It ranks as one of the few instances in Australian political history when a politician initiated a reform knowing full well that it would put his own party at a disadvantage. In addition to electoral reform, Hall introduced improvements in social welfare, aboriginal affairs and abortion regulation. Hall served as his own Treasurer for two months in 1970. Hall and Stott soon fell out over the location of a dam. Stott wanted. Constituent anger forced Stott to vote against the Hall government, forcing an election for June 1970; as expected, Labor regained power, taking 27 seats to the LCL's 20. As a measure of how distorted the Playmander had been, Labor won despite picking up a swing of only 0.1 percent. Hall remained Leader of the Opposition for two years before resigning from the LCL on 15 March 1972, claiming that the party had'lost its idealism forgotten...its purpose for existence'. He founded the Liberal Movement, a progressive liberal party that included about 200 former LCL members. Hall won a federal Senate seat for the Liberal Movement at the double dissolution 1974 election, after resigning his state seat, whic

James Bessen is an economist, a Lecturer at Boston University School of Law since 2004, was a software developer and CEO of a software company. Bessen was a Fellow at the Berkman Center for Internet and Society. Bessen researches the economics including patents and economic history, he has written about software patents with Eric Maskin, arguing that they might inhibit innovation rather than stimulate progress. With Michael J. Meurer, he wrote Patent Failure: How Judges and Lawyers Put Innovators at Risk as well as papers on patent trolls, his book Learning by Doing: The Real Connection Between Innovation and Wealth argues that major new technologies require new skills and knowledge that are slow and difficult to develop, affecting jobs and wages. Bessen developed the first WYSIWYG desktop publishing program at a community newspaper in Philadelphia in 1983, he ran a company, Bestinfo, to sell that program commercially. In 1993, Bestinfo was sold to Intergraph, he graduated from Harvard University.

"Official website". Research on Innovation

Česká zbrojovka is a Czech company producing forklifts Desta and components for the automobile industry, it is former firearms manufacturer known for making ČZ motorcycles. ČZ was established as a branch of the Škoda Works Armament in Strakonice, Czechoslovakia in September 1919. In the tradition of scooter production now continues Čezeta Motors company, which owns the rights to the brand. Work started on the construction of the first workshops of the arms factory called Jihočeská zbrojovka; the company merged with an arms manufacturing plant in Vejprty and with a factory in Prague in 1922. This gave rise to the formation of a stock company whose name translates as "Czech Armament Works in Prague of the Manufacturing Plant in Strakonice", it produced pistols, air guns, automatic guns which all became successful products. In 1929 the growth of the Czech Armament Works reached a turning point. With the downturn in weapons sales after World War I, the company acquired a bicycle parts manufacturing plant in Kralupy nad Vltavou on the Vltava River.

Bicycle exports destined for several countries in Europe, Asia and South America started to expand. Production of motor-driven bicycles started in 1932. Three years the first motorcycles made in Strakonice entered the market; this marked the beginning of an era of great success for the ČZ brand. In a short time the company became the biggest manufacturer of motorcycles in Czechoslovakia. Business success resulted in a further extension of production activities by introducing chain and machine tool production. During the Second World War the factory came under German occupation and was converted to the manufacture of war materials. Like most large industrial enterprises this stock company was nationalized in 1946. Due to the post-war political situation, firearms production in the Strakonice plant was ended; the company changed after the motorcycle brand went out of production in the 1990s and started focusing on manufacturing car components, like turbochargers, besides its traditional production of chains, moulds and machine tools.

Since 1999, Desta forklifts have been manufactured in ČZ Strakonice. Motorcycle development and production as well as competition victories in 1950s and 1960s enabled the ČZ brand to be among the world’s most successful makers of competition and street motorcycles. After World War II, ČZ was the second largest motorcycle manufacturer in Europe, it was during this period. It began 350 cc classes of Grand Prix motorcycle road racing; these bikes, although technically refined, were very competitive with bikes from the powerful Italian factories such as MV Agusta and Mondial. The ČZ 501 Čezeta scooter design has become iconic throughout Eastern Europe, Russia and Cuba. Čezeta thus became Vespa of these Republics. In the 1969 ČZ produced the technically advanced "Type-860" GP model with a 350 cc V4 engine, developed by the engineer Frantisek Pudil; this advanced bike, with double overhead camshaft, 16 valves, 8-speed gearbox, Ceriani forks and Dell'Orto SSI carburetors, produced 63 horsepower at 16,000 rpm with a maximum speed of 240 km/h.

The V-4 achieved several good results: the best being in 1971, at the Czechoslovakian Grand Prix when Bohumil Stasa finished second behind Jarno Saarinen on his 350 cc Yamaha. In 1972, the bike won the Austrian Grand Prix. With just few laps to go in the race the ČZ was leading Giacomo Agostini's MV Agusta when it had to retire with mechanical problems. In 1972 ČZ abandoned Grand Prix road racing competitions in order to concentrate its efforts on motocross, a less expensive form of competition. ČZ proved to be much more successful with motocross and became well known for its powerful two-stroke off-road motorcycles. They were the first company to use expansion chambers in their exhaust pipes. During the 1960s, they would become the dominant force in off-road competition, winning seven Grand Prix Motocross World Championships and dominating the International Six Day Trial. By the 1970s, with the advent of inexpensive and technically advanced Japanese motorcycles, ČZ lost an increasing share of the motorcycle market.

Many of the innovations pioneered by ČZ, were copied by the Japanese factories. In 1993 the motorcycle branch of ČZ was bought by the Italian motorcycle manufacturer Cagiva, who intended to use the Czech factories to build their own brand of motorcycles as well as new ČZ and Jawa models; the venture failed in 1997 due to Cagiva's financial difficulties and the ČZ motorcycle brand went out of production. Since 2018, the company Čezeta Motors is producing electric scooters Čezeta 506. 1964 250 cc Motocross - Joël Robert, Belgium 1965 250 cc Motocross - Victor Arbekov, Russia 1966 500 cc Motocross - Paul Friedrichs, East Germany 1967 500 cc Motocross - Paul Friedrichs, East Germany 1968 500 cc Motocross - Paul Friedrichs, East Germany 1968 250 cc Motocross - Joël Robert, Belgium 1969 250 cc Motocross - Joël Robert, Belgium 1947 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1952 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1954 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1956 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1958 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1959 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1962 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1970 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1971 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1972 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1973 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1974 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1977 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1978 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia 1982 Trophy - Team Czechoslovakia Jawa Motors CZ History Article on the CZ 350 V4 Grand Prix race bike Jawa CZ Owners Club Jawa CZ Owners Club of Ireland CZ at Sechtl & Vosecek archive CZ-Strakonice in 1960s photo gallery Intern

Imperial Noble Consort Huixian, of the Manchu Bordered Yellow Banner Gaogiya clan, was a consort of the Qianlong Emperor. Imperial Noble Consort Huixian's personal name was not recorded in history, she was a Han Chinese Booi Aha by birth. Father: Gao Bin, served as the Minister of Personnel from 1745–1747 and a Grand Secretary in the Wenyuan Library from 1747–1748 Paternal grandfather: Yanzhong Paternal grandmother: Lady Li Mother: Lady Chen One younger brother Three younger sisters It is not known when Lady Gao become a lady-in-waiting, mistress, of Hongli, the fourth son of the Yongzheng Emperor. On 4 April 1734, she was elevated to his secondary consort; the Yongzheng Emperor died on 8 October 1735 and was succeeded by Hongli, enthroned as the Qianlong Emperor. Around the time, Gao Bin wrote a memorial to the Yongzheng Emperor, thanking him for a bunch of lychees, but it was too late as the emperor had died when the memorial reached the palace, so the Qianlong Emperor replied in place of his father: My father recognised your talent and promoted you to a high position.

You should do your utmost to repay his grace. Though your daughter is waiting on me, you should not be harbouring any ill intentions; this will not be tolerated by national law. If you serve the nation well with sincerity and integrity, I will not refrain from giving rewards to avoid being criticised for showing favouritism. On 23 January 1738, Lady Gao was granted the title "Noble Consort"; as she was the only woman in the imperial harem holding the rank of Noble Consort at the time, she did not receive any special title to distinguish her from the emperor's other consorts. On 23 February 1745, when Lady Gao became critically ill, she was elevated to "Imperial Noble Consort" by the Qianlong Emperor. However, she never managed to attend the promotion ceremony because she died two days after the emperor announced his decision. In 1752, she was interred in the Yu Mausoleum of the Eastern Qing tombs. During the reign of the Kangxi Emperor: Lady Gao During the reign of the Yongzheng Emperor: Mistress Secondary consort During the reign of the Qianlong Emperor: Noble Consort, third rank consort Imperial Noble Consort, second rank consort Imperial Noble Consort Huixian Portrayed by Fu Chong in Jiangshan Weizhong Portrayed by Tan Zhuo in Story of Yanxi Palace Portrayed by Tong Yao in Ruyi's Royal Love in the Palace Ranks of imperial consorts in China#Qing Royal and noble ranks of the Qing dynasty Ho, Chuimei.

Splendors of China's Forbidden City: The Glorious Reign of Emperor Qianlong. Merrell. ISBN 1858942039. Rawski, Evelyn S.. China: The Three Emperors 1662-1795. Harry N. Abrams. ISBN 1903973694. Wan, Yi. Daily Life in the Forbidden City: The Qing Dynasty, 1644-1912. Viking. ISBN 0670811645. Zhao, Erxun. Draft History of Qing

1000 Homo DJs was a side project of American industrial rock band Ministry. The project released a total of two singles, one of which prominently featured a cover of Black Sabbath's "Supernaut". 1000 Homo DJs began as a side project to release outtakes from Ministry's The Land of Rape and Honey. The credits read "Another Luxa/Pan Production", the production pseudonym for Ministry members Al Jourgensen and Paul Barker. In a 2004 interview, Jourgensen explained that when he played demos for Wax Trax! co-owner Jim Nash, the latter replied, "No one's gonna buy this. It'll take one thousand homo DJs to play this for one person to buy it". However, according to the Wax Trax! Box set Black Box released in 1994, Jourgensen and Nash were in the label's office listening to an unauthorized remix of the Revolting Cocks' single "We Shall Cleanse the World". Nash comforted Jourgensen, who disapproved of the remix's existence, by assuring him that it would only be heard by "a thousand homo DJs." The members of 1000 Homo DJs were identified by pseudonyms in the CD liner notes.

However, most of their identities are certain. Buck Satan: Al Jourgensen Officer Agro: speculated to be Jeff Ward, but Paul Barker or Martin Atkins Ike Krull: Mike Scaccia The Temple of Drool Choir: Mike O'Connell, Wes Kidd, Brian St. Clair, Herb Rosen, Joe Kelly, David "Slash" Weidman, Jerry Rodgers Wee Willie Reefer: William Rieflin Viva Nova: known as Mel'Amour and P. A. M. and known as Vivanovachicago, but misidentified as Patty Jourgensen Count Ringworm: Jello Biafra Trent Reznor: His contribution to "Supernaut" was uncredited. The nature of Nine Inch Nails frontman Trent Reznor's contribution to 1000 Homo DJs' records has been debated. What is certain is that Reznor recorded the original vocals for "Supernaut." This performance was not used because Reznor's label, TVT Records, refused to allow his appearance on the release. Reznor's version would be released as "Supernaut" by TVT four years on the retrospective Black Box - Wax Trax! Records: The First 13 Years, following TVT's purchase of Wax Trax!.

Jourgensen's immediate response to TVT's ultimatum is uncertain. An oft-repeated story tells that instead of recording new vocals, Jourgensen ran Reznor's performance through a distortion effect to mask its identity. According to this story, every WaxTrax! Recording of "Supernaut" contains Reznor's vocals. However, a dissenting group claims this is an urban legend, that Jourgensen did record new vocals for the EP—albeit in a similar style to Reznor's initial performance. Statements made by both Reznor and Jourgensen seem to confirm the latter view. In a 1992 Prodigy post regarding "Supernaut", Reznor said told Al to redo it without me; the version that Wax Trax put out is Al, the version on the NIN single is me. Reznor referred to the two-track Suck bootleg, which contained the recording of "Supernaut" that appeared on Black Box. Jourgensen made a similar statement in a 2003 interview; when asked whose vocals appear on "Supernaut," Jourgensen replied, referring to the WaxTrax! EP, Black Box, Greatest Fits versions, respectively: That would be me on the original, on WaxTrax!

The version released on TVT was Trent Reznor... the remixed version had my vocals on it. "Apathy" 12" single "Supernaut" 12" single/CD single "Supernaut" on Pure Devotion "Supernaut" on Black Box - Wax Trax! Records: The First 13 Years "Supernaut" on Nativity in Black: Tribute to Black Sabbath "Supernaut" on Moshpit Madness "Supernaut" on The Black Bible "Supernaut" on Ministry's Greatest Fits "Supernaut" on Hardest Hits - Modern Rock Of The 80's "Apathy", "Supernaut", "Better Ways" and "Hey Asshole" on Ministry's Side Trax "Supernaut" on Ministry & Co-Conspirators' Cover Up "Apathy", "Supernaut", "Better Ways", "Hey Asshole", "Supernaut" and "Supernaut" on Ministry's Trax! Box "Supernaut" on Occult Box Discography and artist page at CyberNoise

Tetsuya Iwanaga is a Japanese voice actor. He is affiliated with maxmix. Genji Tsūshin Agedama Aoki Densetsu Shoot! Tottemo! Luckyman Jura Tripper Fushigi Yûgi Romeo's Blue Skies Neon Genesis Evangelion El-Hazard Wild Knights Gulkeeva Slayers H2 Virtua Fighter Chūka Ichiban! Fancy Lala Gasaraki Princess Nine St. Luminous Mission High School Haré+Guu s-CRY-ed Yu-Gi-Oh! Duel Monsters Crush Gear Turbo Ghost in the Shell: Stand Alone Complex Tsubasa Chronicle Detective Conan Angelique Kaiba Puella Magi Madoka Magica El-Hazard Birdy the Mighty Locke the Superman: Mirror Ring Memories Crayon Shin-chan: Pursuit of the Balls of Darkness Crayon Shin-chan: Explosion! The Hot Spring's Feel Good Final Battle Crayon Shin-chan: The Storm Called The Jungle Evangelion: 1.0 You Are Alone Evangelion: 2.0 You Can Advance s-CRY-ed Alteration Tao Puella Magi Madoka Magica Part 1: Beginnings Puella Magi Madoka Magica Part 2: Eternal Chōriki Sentai Ohranger Street Fighter series Angelique Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel Neon Genesis Evangelion: Girlfriend of Steel 2nd Namco x Capcom Street Fighter Alpha series Valkyrie Profile Valkyrie Profile: Lenneth Fushigi Yūgi Genbu Kaiden Gaiden: Kagami no Miko 3 Ji Kara Koi wo Suru series 4: Gozen 0 Ji Ai no Sasayaki 3 Ji Kara Koi wo Suru series 6: Ai to Yokubou no Kinyuugai Abunai Series 2: Abunai Summer Vacation Abunai Series 4: Abunai Campus Love Abunai Series side story 1: Abunai Ura Summer Vacation Analyst no Yuutsu series 2: Koi no Risk wa Hansenai Analyst no Yuutsu series 4: Ai to Yokubou no Kinyuugai Fushigi Yūgi Genbu Kaiden Hello!!

Doctor Kiken ga Ippai Muteki na Anoko Otawamure wo Prince Soryamou Aideshou series 1 & 2 Tokyo Junk 1 & 2 Growing Pains Hackers Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade The Deep End of the Ocean Invasion America Tarzan Transformers: Beast Wars X-Men Tetsuya Iwanaga at Anime News Network's encyclopedia Official blog