1.
Hockey Hall of Fame
–
The Hockey Hall of Fame is located in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Dedicated to the history of ice hockey, it is a museum and it holds exhibits about players, teams, National Hockey League records, memorabilia and NHL trophies, including the Stanley Cup. Founded in Kingston, Ontario, the Hockey Hall of Fame was established in 1943 under the leadership of James T. Sutherland, the first class of honoured members was inducted in 1945, before the Hall of Fame had a permanent location. It moved to Toronto in 1958 after the NHL withdrew its support for the International Hockey Hall of Fame in Kingston and its first permanent building opened at Exhibition Place in 1961. In 1993, the hall was relocated to a former Bank of Montreal building in Downtown Toronto, an 18-person committee of players, coaches and others meets annually in June to select new honourees, who are inducted as players, builders or on-ice officials. In 2010, a subcategory was established for female players, the builders category includes coaches, general managers, commentators, team owners and others who have helped build the game. As of 2016,271 players,105 builders and 16 on-ice officials have been inducted into the Hall of Fame, the Hall of Fame has been criticized for focusing mainly on players from the National Hockey League and largely ignoring players from other North American and international leagues. The Hockey Hall of Fame was established through the efforts of James T. Sutherland, Sutherland sought to establish it in Kingston, Ontario as he believed that the city was the birthplace of hockey. In 1943, the NHL and CAHA reached an agreement that a Hall of Fame would be established in Kingston, originally called the International Hockey Hall of Fame, its mandate was to honour great hockey players and to raise funds for a permanent location. The first nine honoured members were inducted on April 30,1945, although the Hall of Fame still did not have a permanent home. The first board of governors consisted of Red Dutton, Art Ross, Frank Sargent, Lester Patrick, Abbie E. H. Coo, Wes McKnight, Basil E. OMeara, J. P. Fitzgerald and W. A. Hewitt. Kingston lost its most influential advocate as permanent site of the Hockey Hall of Fame when Sutherland died in 1955, by 1958, the Hockey Hall of Fame had still not raised sufficient funds to construct a permanent building in Kingston. Clarence Campbell, then President of the NHL, grew tired of waiting for the construction to begin and withdrew the NHLs support to situate the hall in Kingston. The temporary Hockey Hall of Fame opened as an exhibit within the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame in August 1958, due to the success of the exhibit, NHL and CNE decided that a permanent home in the Exhibition Place was needed. The NHL agreed to fund the building of the new facility on the grounds of Exhibition Place. The first permanent Hockey Hall of Fame, which shared a building with the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, was opened on August 26,1961, over 750,000 people visited the Hall in its inaugural year. Admission to the Hockey Hall of Fame was free until 1980, by 1986, the Hall of Fame was running out of room in its existing facilities and the Board of Directors decided that a new home was needed. The Hall vacated the Exhibition Place building in 1992, and its half was taken over by the Canadian Sports Hall of Fame, the building was eventually demolished — a portion of the buildings facade was preserved as an entrance to BMO Field stadium
2.
Cranbrook, British Columbia
–
As of 2016, Cranbrooks population is 20,047 with a census agglomeration population of 26,083. Cranbrook is home to the Canadian Museum of Rail Travel which presents static exhibits of passenger cars built in the 1920s for the CPR. It is also the home of the Kootenay Ice, a WHL hockey team, who has won the league title 3 times, in 1898 Baker had successfully convinced Canadian Pacific Railway to establish their Crowsnest Pass line through Cranbrook rather than nearby Gold Rush Boom Town Fort Steele. With that accomplishment Cranbrook became the centre of the region, while Fort Steele declined, however. On November 1,1905, Cranbrook was incorporated as a city, some of the major industries include mining and forestry services, trades, and health care. While much of the city is flat, Cranbrook is surrounded by many rising hills where many residential homes are located. Cranbrook faces the Purcell Mountains to the west and the Rocky Mountains to the north, there are many lakes in close proximity to Cranbrook. Some of these lakes include Jim Smith Lake, Wasa Lake, Lazy Lake, Moyie Lake, Monroe Lake, Norbury Lake, many of these lakes contain opportunities for boating, fishing and camping. There are public beaches and provincial campgrounds. Environment Canada reports Cranbrook as having the most sunshine hours of any BC city at approximately 2190.5 hours annually and it is a fairly dry city throughout the year, and when precipitation does fall a good percentage of it will be in the form of snow. Environment Canada also states that the city some of the lightest wind speeds year-round, has few foggy days. Frost-free days average 110 days, typically occurring between May 26 to September 14, mean daily temperatures range from −8.3 °C to 18.2 °C. However, temperatures can range from −20 °C in the winter to 35 °C in the summer months, overall, its climate is extremely similar to that of Kelowna, in the nearby Okanagan Valley to the west - especially in regard to precipitation patterns and total monthly accumulation. However, Kelowna is significantly warmer throughout all seasons, the highest temperature ever recorded in Cranbrook was 38.9 °C on July 16 &17,1941. The coldest temperature recorded was −41.1 °C on January 19,1958. Mount Baker is the largest high school in district five. Prior to 2004, the schools were referred to as junior high schools housing grades 8-10 rather than the current 7-9. However, due to declining enrollment the school adopted the new system
3.
Ice hockey
–
Ice hockey is a contact team sport played on ice, usually in a rink, in which two teams of skaters use their sticks to shoot a vulcanized rubber puck into their opponents net to score points. Ice hockey teams usually consist of six each, one goaltender. A fast-paced, physical sport, ice hockey is most popular in areas of North America, Ice hockey is the official national winter sport of Canada, where the game enjoys immense popularity. In North America, the National Hockey League is the highest level for mens hockey, the Kontinental Hockey League is the highest league in Russia and much of Eastern Europe. The International Ice Hockey Federation is the governing body for international ice hockey. The IIHF manages international tournaments and maintains the IIHF World Ranking, worldwide, there are ice hockey federations in 74 countries. Ice hockey is believed to have evolved from simple stick and ball games played in the 18th and 19th century United Kingdom and these games were brought to North America and several similar winter games using informal rules were developed, such as shinny and ice polo. The contemporary sport of ice hockey was developed in Canada, most notably in Montreal, some characteristics of that game, such as the length of the ice rink and the use of a puck, have been retained to this day. Amateur ice hockey began in the 1880s, and professional ice hockey originated around 1900. The Stanley Cup, emblematic of ice hockey club supremacy, was first awarded in 1893 to recognize the Canadian amateur champion, in international competitions, the national teams of six countries predominate, Canada, Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States. Of the 69 medals awarded all-time in mens competition at the Olympics, in the annual Ice Hockey World Championships,177 of 201 medals have been awarded to the six nations. In Russia and the Ukraine, where hockey can also refer to bandy, the name hockey has no clear origin. The English historian and biographer John Strype did not use the word hockey when he translated the proclamation in 1720, the 1573 Statute of Galway banned a sport called hokie—the hurling of a little ball with sticks or staves. A form of this word was thus being used in the 16th century, though much removed from its current usage. According to the Austin Hockey Association, the word derives from the Scots Gaelic puc or the Irish poc. The blow given by a hurler to the ball with his caman or hurley is always called a puck. Stick-and-ball games date back to pre-Christian times, in Europe, these games included the Irish game of hurling, the closely related Scottish game of shinty and versions of field hockey. IJscolf, a game resembling colf on a surface, was popular in the Low Countries between the Middle Ages and the Dutch Golden Age. It was played with a curved bat, a wooden or leather ball
4.
Centre (ice hockey)
–
The centre in ice hockey is a forward position of a player whose primary zone of play is the middle of the ice, away from the side boards. Centres have more flexibility in their positioning and are expected to cover more ice surface than any other player, centres are ideally stronger, faster skaters who can back check quickly from deep in the opposing zone. Generally, centres are expected to be gifted passers more so than goal scorers and they are also expected to have exceptional ice vision, intelligence, and creativity. They also generally are the most defensively oriented forwards on the ice, centres usually play as part of a line of players that are substituted frequently to keep fresh and keep the game moving. First-liners are usually the top players, although some top players make the line to allow for offensive scoring opportunities. Centres are required to cover much of the ice in all three zones, where the centre tends to play in the offensive zone is usually a matter of coaching and personal preference. Centres are responsible for keeping the flow of the moving, and generally handle. Because of this, most good centres tend to score rather than goals because the play goes through them as they try to find open teammates. Because the range of offensive styles teams like to use, exactly how centres are used in the zone is as varied as the players themselves. Generally the centres role on offence is to move the offence through himself, setting up other players and they roam around most areas of the ice in the zone and have a lot of freedom in decision making. They are also expected to constantly be in motion causing defenders to have a time tracking them. Zone Entry The matter of bringing the puck in the zone generally is accomplished in two ways, the first involves the teams best puck carrier using his speed and quickness to cross the blue line with the puck and set up the offence. Once the puck is freed the offence can then set up as normal, behind the net When a centres winger is being attacked along the boards, the centre can take position behind the net to receive the pressured wingers pass. Behind the net is a place for some centres to play. It is a difficult position to defend because it forces the opposing defencemen to leave the front of the net. It also gives the centre a view of the ice. From here the centre has clear passing lanes and minimizes the distance, in the slot Many centres use their mobility and freedom to take advantage of the slot area, the area in between the faceoff dots, about 5 to 15 feet from the goal. The slot area is notorious goalscoring territory because of its proximity to the net, centres like this area because of its openness
5.
Detroit Red Wings
–
The Detroit Red Wings are a professional ice hockey team based in Detroit, Michigan. They are members of the Atlantic Division in the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League and are one of the Original Six teams of the league, founded in 1926, the team was known as the Detroit Cougars from then until 1930. For the 1930–31 and 1931–32 seasons the team was called the Detroit Falcons, between the 1933–34 and 1965–66 seasons, the Red Wings missed the playoffs only four times. Between the 1966–67 and 1990–91 seasons, the Red Wings made the only eight times in 25 seasons. During the last 11 years of this stretch, only five of the Leagues 21 teams did not make the post-season and this rough period for the team provoked the nickname of the Dead Wings. Near the end of that 25-year period, however, the Red Wings advanced to the Conference Finals twice. They have made the playoffs in 30 of the last 32 seasons, including 25 in a row, during a subsequent meeting on May 15, the league approved a franchise to the Townsend-Seyburn group of Detroit and named Charles A. Hughes as governor. Frank and Lester Patrick, the owners of the WHL, made a deal to sell the players to the NHL. The new Detroit franchise purchased the players of the folded Victoria Cougars WHL club to play for the team, the new Detroit franchise also adopted the Cougars nickname in honor of the folded franchise. Since no arena in Detroit was ready at the time, the Cougars played their first season in Windsor, for the 1927–28 season, the Cougars moved into the new Detroit Olympia, which would be their home rink until December 27,1979. This was also the first season behind the bench for Jack Adams, the Cougars made the Stanley Cup playoffs for the first time in 1929 with Carson Cooper leading the team in scoring. The Cougars were outscored 7–2 in the series with the Toronto Maple Leafs. In 1930, the Cougars were renamed the Falcons, but their woes continued, as they finished near the bottom of the standings. In 1932, the NHL let grain merchant James E. Norris, Norris first act was to choose a new name for the team—the Red Wings. Earlier in the century, Norris had been a member of the Montreal Amateur Athletic Association, the MAAAs teams were known by their club emblem and these Winged Wheelers were the first winners of the Stanley Cup in 1893. Norris decided that a version of their logo was perfect for a team playing in the Motor City, Norris also placed coach Jack Adams on a one-year probation for the 1932–33 NHL season. Adams managed to pass his probationary period by leading the franchise to first ever playoff series victory over the Montreal Maroons. Despite this success, the team lost in the semi-finals to the New York Rangers, in 1934 the Wings made the Stanley Cup Finals for the first time, with John Sorrell scoring 21 goals over 47 games and Larry Aurie leading the team in scoring
6.
Canada men's national ice hockey team
–
The Canadian national mens ice hockey team is the ice hockey team representing Canada internationally. The team is overseen by Hockey Canada, a member of the International Ice Hockey Federation, from 1920 until 1963, Canadas international representation was by senior amateur club teams. Canadas national mens team was founded in 1963 by Father David Bauer as a part of the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association, the nickname Team Canada was first used for the 1972 Summit Series and has been frequently used to refer to the Canadian national team ever since. They are 26-time IIHF World Champions and winner of the 2004 and 2016 World Cup of Hockey. Canada is a member of the so-called Big Six, the group of the six strongest mens ice hockey nations, along with the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden. Canada was first represented internationally at the 1910 European Championships by the Oxford Canadians and they represented Canada again at the 1912 World Championships. From 1920 until 1963, the amateur club teams representing Canada, were usually the most recent Allan Cup champions. The last amateur team from Canada to win a gold medal at the World Championship was the Trail Smoke Eaters in 1961. Following the 1963 World Championships, Father David Bauer founded the team as a permanent institution. The new permanent national team first competed at the 1964 Winter Olympics, before the Soviet Union began international competition in 1954, Canada dominated international hockey, winning six out of seven golds at the Olympics and 10 World Championship gold medals. Canada then went 50 years without winning the Winter Olympic Gold medal and from 1962 to 1993 and this was in part because Canadas best professional players were unable to attend these events as they had commitments with their National Hockey League teams. Canada withdrew from official IIHF events in 1970 and the National Team programme was suspended after they were refused permission to use semi-professional players at the World Championship. Canada returned to the IIHF in 1977 after a series of negotiations between IIHF President Dr. Sabetzki and top officials of professional ice hockey in Canada and the United States. In 1983, Hockey Canada began the Program of Excellence, whose purpose was to prepare a team for the Winter Olympics every four years. This new National Team played a season together all over the world against both national and club teams, and often attracted top NHL prospects. In 1986, the International Olympic Committee voted to allow athletes to compete in Olympic Games. Veteran pros with NHL experience and, in a few cases and this program was discontinued in 1998, when the NHL began shutting down to allow its players to compete. After not winning a medal for 33 years, Canada won the 1994 World Championship in Italy
7.
NHL Entry Draft
–
The NHL Entry Draft is held once every year, generally within two to three months after the conclusion of the previous season. During the draft, teams take turns selecting amateur players from junior, collegiate, the first draft was held in 1963, and has been held every year since. The NHL Entry Draft was known as the NHL Amateur Draft until 1979, the entry draft has only been a public event since 1980, and a televised event since 1984. Up to 1994, the order was determined by the standings at the end of the regular season. In 1995, the NHL Draft Lottery was introduced where only teams who had missed the playoffs could participate, the chances of winning the lottery were weighted towards the teams at the bottom of the regular season standings. The first NHL Entry Draft was held on June 5,1963 at the Queen Elizabeth Hotel in Montreal, any amateur player under the age of 20 was eligible to be drafted. In 1979, the rules were changed allowing players who had played professionally to be drafted. This rule change was made to facilitate the absorption of players from the defunct World Hockey Association, consequently, the name of the draft was changed from NHL Amateur Draft to NHL Entry Draft. Beginning in 1980, any player who is between the ages of 18 and 20 is eligible to be drafted, in addition, any non-North American player over the age of 20 can be selected. S. College and high school, or European hockey, in 1980, the Entry Draft became a public event, and was held at the Montreal Forum. Prior to that year the Entry Draft was conducted in Montreal hotels or league offices and was closed to the general public, the first draft outside of Montreal was held at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre in Toronto, Ontario, in 1985. Live television coverage of the began in 1984 when the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation covered the event in both English and French for Canadian audiences. The 1987 Entry Draft, held at Joe Louis Arena in Detroit, sportsChannel America began covering the event in the United States in 1989. Prior to the development of the Draft, NHL teams sponsored junior teams, the C form could only be signed by the player at age eighteen or by the players parents, often in exchange for some signing bonus. The first drafts were held to assign players who had not signed with an NHL organization before the sponsorship of junior teams was discontinued after 1968, the selection order in the NHL Entry Draft is determined by a combination of lottery, regular season standing, and playoff results. The order of picks discussed in this section always references the original team, the basic order of the NHL Entry Draft is determined based on the standings of the teams in the previous season. Subject to the results of the NHL Draft Lottery, the pick in the same order each round. The teams in group are ordered within that group based on their point totals in the preceding regular season
8.
Canadians
–
Canadians are people identified with the country of Canada. This connection may be residential, legal, historical, or cultural, for most Canadians, several of these connections exist and are collectively the source of their being Canadian. Elements of Aboriginal, French, British and more recent immigrant customs, languages and religions have combined to form the culture of Canada, Canada has also been strongly influenced by its linguistic, geographic and economic neighbour, the United States. Canadian independence from the United Kingdom grew gradually over the course of years since the formation of the Canadian Confederation in 1867. World War I and World War II in particular gave rise to a desire among Canadians to have their country recognized as a sovereign state with a distinct citizenship. Canadas nationality law closely mirrored that of the United Kingdom, legislation since the mid 20th century represents Canadians commitment to multilateralism and socioeconomic development. As of 2010, Canadians make up 0. 5% of the total population, having relied upon immigration for population growth. Approximately 41% of current Canadians are first- or second-generation immigrants, and 20 percent of Canadian residents in the 2000s were not born in the country. Statistics Canada projects that, by 2031, nearly one-half of Canadians above the age of 15 will be foreign-born or have one foreign-born parent. Aboriginal peoples, according to the 2011 Canadian Census, numbered at 1,400,685 or 4. 3% of the countrys 33,476,688 population. The French originally settled New France, in present-day Quebec and Ontario, approximately 100 Irish-born families would settle the Saint Lawrence Valley by 1700, assimilating into the Canadien population and culture. This arrival of newcomers led to the creation of the Métis, after the War of 1812, British, Scottish and Irish immigration was encouraged throughout Ruperts Land, Upper Canada and Lower Canada. Between 1815 and 1850, some 800,000 immigrants came to the colonies of British North America and these new arrivals included some Gaelic-speaking Highland Scots displaced by the Highland Clearances to Nova Scotia. Descendants of Francophone and Anglophone northern Europeans who arrived in the 17th, 18th and 19th centuries are often referred to as old stock Canadians. Beginning in the late 1850s, the immigration of Chinese into the Colony of Vancouver Island, the Chinese Immigration Act of 1885 eventually placed a head tax on all Chinese immigrants, in hopes of discouraging Chinese immigration after completion of the Canadian Pacific Railway. The population of Canada has consistently risen, doubling approximately every 40 years, from the mid- to late 19th century, Canada had a policy of assisting immigrants from Europe, including an estimated 100,000 unwanted Home Children from Britain. Block settlement communities were established throughout western Canada between the late 19th and early 20th centuries, some were planned and others were spontaneously created by the settlers themselves. Canada was now receiving a number of European immigrants, predominantly Italians, Germans, Scandinavians, Dutch, Poles
9.
Tampa Bay Lightning
–
The Tampa Bay Lightning are a professional ice hockey team based in Tampa, Florida. It is a member of the Atlantic Division of the Eastern Conference of the National Hockey League, the Lightning have one Stanley Cup championship in their history, in 2003–04. The team is referred to as the Bolts, and the nickname is used on the current third jersey. The Lightning plays home games in the Amalie Arena in Tampa, the owner of the Lightning is Jeffrey Vinik, while Steve Yzerman serves as general manager. The team is coached by Jon Cooper, who has led the team since 2013. In the late 1980s, the NHL announced that it would expand, two rival groups from the Tampa Bay Area area decided to bid for a franchise, a St. On paper, it looked like the Karmanos/Rutherford group was the frontrunner, not only was the Karmanos/Rutherford group better financed, but one of Espositos key backers, the Pritzker family, had backed out a few months before the bid. Esposito eventually recruited a consortium of Japanese businesses headed by Kokusai Green, the prospect of Japanese backing tipped the scales in the Esposito groups favor, and they were awarded an expansion franchise for the 1992–93 season, as was a group in Ottawa. One of the limited partners was New York Yankees owner George Steinbrenner. After being awarded the franchise, the management brought in star power before they had any players. Phil Esposito installed himself as president and general manager, while Tony became chief scout. Terry Crisp, who played for the Philadelphia Flyers when they won two Stanley Cups in the mid-1970s, and coached the Calgary Flames to a Cup in 1989, was tapped as the first head coach. The team was named the Lightning, after Tampas status as the Lightning Capital of North America, son of his other Bruins linemate. Louis Blues, and stopped seven of nine shots, the Lightning first took the ice on October 7,1992, playing in Tampas tiny 11, 000-seat Expo Hall at the Florida State Fairgrounds. They shocked the visiting Chicago Blackhawks 7–3 with four goals by little-known Chris Kontos, the Lightning shot to the top of the Campbell Conferences Norris Division within a month, behind Kontos initial torrid scoring pace and a breakout season by forward Brian Bradley. Their 53 points in 1992–93, however, was one of the best-ever showings by an NHL expansion team. Bradleys 42 goals gave Tampa Bay fans optimism for the next season, the team picked up goaltender Daren Puppa, left-wing goal scorer Petr Klima and aging sniper Denis Savard. While Puppas play resulted in a significant improvement in goals allowed, Savard was long past his prime, the Lightning finished last in the Atlantic Division in 1993–94 with a record of 30–43–11 for 71 points
10.
Captain (ice hockey)
–
In ice hockey the captain is the player designated by his team as the only person authorized to speak with the game officials regarding rule interpretations when he is on the ice. At most levels of each team must designate one captain. The captain wears a C on his sweater, while the alternate captains wear an A, as with most team sports that designate captains, the captain is usually a well-respected player and a de facto team leader. The captain is a dressing room leader, and also represents the players concerns to management, NHL teams need not designate the same player as captain from game to game, though most teams do. For instance, in the 1985–86, when Boston Bruins captain Terry OReilly retired, Ray Bourque, Middleton wore the C during home games and Bourque for road games during the seasons first half, and the two switched for the second half. This arrangement continued until Middleton retired in 1988 and Bourque became the sole captain, some teams name two or three captains for a season. Some teams rotate captains rather than one for an extended period of time. During each NHL game, however, only one player can officially be designated as captain. Captains are selected by different means, in instances, teams have held votes among their players to choose a team captain, while on other occasions. Captains are often due to their seniority in the game. However, franchise players—current or emerging stars—have also been named captains, though not required, many captains have previously served as alternate captains of their team. The NHL introduced a rule prohibiting the goaltender from being a captain following the 1947–48 season, in the NCAA, there is no position-based restriction on the team captain. Teams may designate alternate captains, also erroneously called assistant captains. Alternate captains wear the letter A on their jerseys in the manner that team captains wear the C. In the NHL, teams may appoint a captain and up to two alternate captains, or they may appoint three alternate captains and no captain. A team commonly has three alternate captains when the team has not selected a captain, or when the captain is injured. International and USA amateur rules do not allow this, they stipulate that each team shall appoint a Captain, if the team chooses to not appoint a captain, they are not permitted to appoint a fourth alternate captain. When the captain is off the ice or unavailable for the game, NHL teams may choose alternate captains from game to game or appoint regular alternate captains for the season
11.
Detroit
–
Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
12.
Presidents' Trophy
–
The Presidents Trophy is an award presented by the National Hockey League to the team that finishes with the most points during the NHL regular season. If two teams tie for the most points, then the Trophy goes to the team with the most wins, the Presidents Trophy has been awarded 28 times to 15 different teams since its inception during the 1985–86 season. As the team with the best regular season record, the Presidents Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage in all four rounds of the Stanley Cup playoffs, however, it does not guarantee that success, only eight of these winners have gone on to win the Stanley Cup. Three other teams reached the Stanley Cup Finals, but failed to win, the last team to win both the Presidents Trophy and the Stanley Cup in the same season was the 2012–13 Chicago Blackhawks. The only team to accomplish more than once is the Detroit Red Wings. The Trophy was introduced at the start of the 1985–86 NHL season by the Leagues Board of Governors, prior to this, the best team in the League during the regular season was allowed to hang a banner reading NHL League Champions. A total of 15 teams have won the Presidents Trophy, the Detroit Red Wings have won six Presidents Trophies, the most of any team. The New York Rangers and Washington Capitals are second with three, seven teams are tied for third most with two Presidents Trophy wins apiece. Among these multiple winners, Calgary, Dallas, Detroit, Edmonton, Vancouver, before the 2010–11 NHL season, the first tiebreaker was the most wins including shootout wins. An example of the protocol is from the 2006–07 season. However, Buffalo had 53 wins while Detroit had 50, thus the Trophy was awarded to the Sabres, from 1937 to 1967, the same criterion now observed for winning the Presidents Trophy was used to award the Prince of Wales Trophy. A cash bonus of $350,000 was awarded to the team with the NHLs best regular-season record during these years. The cash bonus is split amongst the players on the roster of the winning team. Factoring all NHL seasons prior to the introduction of the Presidents Trophy, the Montreal Canadiens have finished first overall 21 times, Detroit is second with 18 first-overall finishes. The Presidents Trophy winner is guaranteed home-ice advantage in all four rounds of the Stanley Cup playoffs, in addition, six Presidents Trophy winners have been eliminated in the preliminary round of the playoffs, with first-round upsets being common in the NHL compared to other major professional sports. The Presidents Trophy winner may have to go through other playoff clubs who might have a hotter goaltender, if the regular-season champions primary success was merely outscoring others, they may be out of luck facing goaltenders that can shut them out. Teams have often given up pursuit of finishing first in the League in order to avoid injuries and rest key players for the postseason. Ian Cooper, writing for the Toronto Star, noted that of 11 Presidents Trophy winners to lose in the first two rounds, seven came from divisions that were among the weaker half
13.
Stanley Cup
–
The Stanley Cup is the championship trophy awarded annually to the National Hockey League playoff winner. The first Cup was awarded in 1893 to Montreal HC, and subsequent winners from 1893 to 1914 were determined by challenge games, Professional teams first became eligible to challenge for the Stanley Cup in 1906. After a series of mergers and folds, it was established as the de facto championship trophy of the NHL in 1926. There are actually three Stanley Cups, the bowl of the Dominion Hockey Challenge Cup, the authenticated Presentation Cup. The NHL has maintained control over both the trophy itself and its associated trademarks. Nevertheless, the NHL does not actually own the trophy, the original bowl was made of silver and is 18.5 centimetres in height and 29 centimetres in diameter. The current Stanley Cup, topped with a copy of the bowl, is made of a silver and nickel alloy, it has a height of 89.54 centimetres. Unlike the trophies awarded by the major professional sports leagues of North America. Originally, the winners kept it until a new champion was crowned, currently, winning teams get the Stanley Cup during the summer and a limited number of days during the season. It is unusual among trophies to include winning members names, every year since 1924, a select portion of the winning players, coaches, management, and club staff names are engraved on its bands. However, there is not enough room to include all the players and non-players, initially a new band added each year, though this caused the trophy to grow in size, earning the nickname Stovepipe Cup. In 1958 the modern one-piece Cup was designed with a barrel which could contain 13 winning teams per band. To prevent the Stanley Cup from growing, when the band is full, the oldest band is removed and preserved in the Hockey Hall of Fame. It has been referred to as The Cup, Lord Stanleys Cup, The Holy Grail, the Stanley Cup is surrounded by numerous legends and traditions, the oldest of which is the celebratory drinking of champagne out of the cup by the winning team. Since the 1914–15 season, the Cup has been won a combined 100 times by 18 active NHL teams, prior to that, the challenge cup was held by nine different teams. The Montreal Canadiens have won the Cup a record 24 times and are the most recent Canadian-based team to win the cup, the Stanley Cup was not awarded in 1919 because of a Spanish flu epidemic, and in 2005, as a consequence of the 2004–05 NHL lockout. After the Lord Stanley of Preston was appointed by Queen Victoria as Governor General of Canada on June 11,1888, he, Stanley was first exposed to the game at Montreals 1889 Winter Carnival, where he saw the Montreal Victorias play the Montreal Hockey Club. The Montreal Gazette reported that he expressed his delight with the game of hockey
14.
Ted Lindsay Award
–
It has been awarded 42 times to 24 different players since its beginnings in 1971. It is a companion to the Hart Memorial Trophy, which is awarded to the Leagues Most Valuable Player, the award was renamed for Detroit Red Wings great Ted Lindsay, officially announced on April 29,2010. The award was first handed out at the conclusion of the 1970–71 NHL season and it was named in honour of Lester B. The voting for the trophy is conducted at the end of the season by the members of the NHL Players Association. Wayne Gretzky won the five times during his career. Members of the Pittsburgh Penguins have won the award the most number of times, with ten winners, followed by the Edmonton Oilers, Louis, Sidney Crosby, Alexander Ovechkin, Evgeni Malkin, Carey Price and Patrick Kane. Of those fifteen, only Lafleur, Gretzky, Lemieux, Jagr, St. Louis, Crosby, Ovechkin, Malkin and Kane have also won the Art Ross Trophy for the same season and completed a Hart-Pearson-Art Ross sweep. Of that list, only Ovechkin has also won the Maurice Rocket Richard Trophy for top goal-scorer in the same year, List of National Hockey League awards List of NHL players List of NHL statistical leaders
15.
Conn Smythe Trophy
–
The Conn Smythe Trophy is awarded annually to the player judged most valuable to his team during the National Hockey Leagues Stanley Cup playoffs. It is named after Conn Smythe, the owner, general manager. The Conn Smythe Trophy has been awarded 48 times to 42 players since the 1964–65 NHL season, each year, at the conclusion of the final game of the Stanley Cup Final, members of the Professional Hockey Writers Association vote to elect the player deserving of the trophy. The first winner of the award was center Jean Béliveau of the Montreal Canadiens in 1965, the first player and only defenseman to win it twice was Bobby Orr, who scored the Cup-clinching goals for the Boston Bruins in 1970 and 1972. Goaltender Bernie Parent and centers Wayne Gretzky and Mario Lemieux have also won it twice each, with Parent and Lemieux each winning theirs back to back. Goaltender Patrick Roy is the player to win the trophy three times, and also the only player to win it as a member of two different teams, his wins also fall into three different decades. Though the award rewards a player who performed well over the entirety of the playoffs. With seven exceptions, the winners of the Conn Smythe Trophy have all been Canadian, the trophy had been won sixteen times each by centers and goaltenders, nine times by defensemen, seven times by right wings, and just once by a left wing. Canadiens players have won it nine times, Detroit Red Wings players five times, and Oilers, Flyers, the St. Louis Blues are the only team without a Stanley Cup victory to have a Conn Smythe Trophy winner, as Glenn Hall won in 1968. List of National Hockey League awards List of Stanley Cup champions List of NHL statistical leaders
16.
1998 Stanley Cup playoffs
–
The 1998 Stanley Cup playoffs, the championship of the National Hockey League, began on April 22,1998 following the 1997–98 regular season. Red Wings captain Steve Yzerman was named playoff MVP, and awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy, as of today, the 1997-98 Detroit Red Wings are the last team to defend their Stanley Cup Championship. In the Eastern Semis, the Buffalo Sabres made history as they became the first team in NHL history to complete a sweep of the Montreal Canadiens on Montreal ice. For the first time since 1969 the Chicago Blackhawks missed the playoffs, also, both the Islanders and Rangers missed the playoffs in the same season for the first time. In the Finals the team with the regular season record has home ice. Game four was the last playoff game at the Great Western Forum and this was the first and to date only playoff series between these two teams. Detroit made their twenty-first and second consecutive Finals appearance, while Washington made their first Finals appearance in their twenty-fourth season, Detroit entered this series as the defending Stanley Cup champions. As of 2016 this was the last time that the Stanley Cup was successfully defended by the years champion
17.
Frank J. Selke Trophy
–
The Frank J. Selke Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League forward who demonstrates the most skill in the defensive component of the game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers Association following the regular season. Named after Frank J. Selke, former manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs and Montreal Canadiens. The current holder is Anze Kopitar of the Los Angeles Kings, the trophy was first awarded at the end of the 1977–78 NHL season. It was named after Frank J. Selke, former manager of the Toronto Maple Leafs. The first recipient was Bob Gainey of the Canadiens, who won the trophy the first four years it was given, guy Carbonneau, Jere Lehtinen, Pavel Datsyuk and Patrice Bergeron are tied for the second-most wins, with three apiece. The Montreal Canadiens and Detroit Red Wings have won the trophy the most times, the team with the greatest number of unique winners is the Red Wings with 4 -- Sergei Fedorov, Steve Yzerman, Kris Draper, and Datsyuk -- all coming since 1994. There has been one instance in which a Selke Trophy winner was also awarded the Hart Memorial Trophy for Most Valuable Player—Sergei Fedorov captured both trophies during the 1993–94 NHL season. The most points scored in a Selke-winning season is 127, by Doug Gilmour in 1993, List of National Hockey League awards List of NHL players List of NHL statistical leaders Two-way forward
18.
Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy
–
The Bill Masterton Memorial Trophy is awarded annually to the National Hockey League player who best exemplifies the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship, and dedication to ice hockey. It is named after Bill Masterton, the player in NHL history to die as a direct result of injuries suffered during a game. The winner is selected by a poll of the Professional Hockey Writers Association after each team nominates one player in competition and it is often awarded to a player who has come back from career– or even life-threatening illness or injury. The trophy is named in honor of the late Bill Masterton, during his playing career, Masterton exhibited to a high degree the qualities of perseverance, sportsmanship, and dedication to hockey. It was first awarded following the 1967–68 regular season, List of National Hockey League awards List of NHL players List of NHL statistical leaders Dinger, Ralph. National Hockey League Official Guide & Record Book
19.
National Hockey League All-Star Game
–
The Games proceeds benefit the pension fund of the players. Since 2007, it is held in late January, the weekend before the National Football Leagues Super Bowl, the format of all three games in the tournament will be three-on-three, with 10-minute halves each. If a tie remains after 20 minutes, then it will go to a three-round shootout plus extra rounds as needed to determine the winner. The winners of two games then meet in an All-Star Game Final. Since 2017, the format was changed, the division that wins the NHL All-Star Skills Competition during the previous night then gets to pick which team they will play first in the semifinals. From 1947 to 1968, the All-Star Game primarily saw the previous seasons Stanley Cup champions take on a team of All-Stars from the other clubs. Since 1996, the coaches for the two All-Star teams have been the coaches of the two teams that are leading their respective conferences in point percentage. Prior policy saw the two coaches that appeared in the previous years Stanley Cup Finals coaching the All-Star teams. The 1998 All-Star Game was held in the same year as the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. To this extent, the NHL had the All-Star teams consist of a team of North Americans playing against a team of stars from the rest of the world. World All-Star format lasted through the 2002 Game, the year as the 2002 Winter Olympics. During the 2010–11 season, the NHL announced a change to the way the teams were selected, modeled after drafts in fantasy sports, the conference vs. conference approach was replaced by a player draft conducted by the All-Star players themselves to determine the rosters for each team. The captains for each team now select players from a pool of both fan balloting and the NHL Hockey Operations Department. The change in format was a joint effort by the League and this format lasted through the 2015 game. The All-Star Game is preceded by the NHL All-Star Skills Competition, beginning in 2007, the All-Star weekend also featured the NHL YoungStars Game, an exhibition game exclusively featuring rookies, playing under slightly modified rules. In 2011 this game was eliminated in favor of having the rookies compete in the skills competition, the first official All-Star Game was held during the 1947–48 NHL season. Prior to that, there have been occasions when benefit games. The first All-Star game in ice hockey predates the NHL and it was played on January 2,1908, before 3,500 fans at the Montreal Arena between the Montreal Wanderers and a team of All-Stars players from the teams the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association
20.
Wayne Gretzky
–
Wayne Douglas Gretzky CC is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and former head coach. He played twenty seasons in the National Hockey League for four teams from 1979 to 1999, nicknamed The Great One, he has been called the greatest hockey player ever by many sportswriters, players, and the league itself. He is the scorer in NHL history, with more goals. He garnered more assists than any player scored total points. In addition, he tallied over 100 points in 16 professional seasons,14 of them consecutive, at the time of his retirement in 1999, he held 61 NHL records,40 regular-season records,15 playoff records, and six All-Star records. As of 2014, he still holds 60 NHL records, born and raised in Brantford, Ontario, Canada, Gretzky honed his skills at a backyard rink and regularly played minor hockey at a level far above his peers. Despite his unimpressive stature, strength and speed, Gretzkys intelligence and he was adept at dodging checks from opposing players, and consistently anticipated where the puck was going to be and executed the right move at the right time. Gretzky became known for setting up behind his opponents net, an area that was nicknamed Gretzkys office, in 1978, Gretzky signed with the Indianapolis Racers of the World Hockey Association, where he briefly played before being traded to the Edmonton Oilers. When the WHA folded, the Oilers joined the NHL, where he established many scoring records, Gretzky played briefly for the St. Louis Blues before finishing his career with the New York Rangers. He won the Lady Byng Trophy for sportsmanship and performance five times, after his retirement in 1999, Gretzky was immediately inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame, making him the most recent player to have the waiting period waived. The NHL retired his jersey number 99 league-wide, making him the player to receive this honour. He was one of six players voted to the International Ice Hockey Federations Centennial All-Star Team, Gretzky became executive director for the Canadian national mens hockey team during the 2002 Winter Olympics, in which the team won a gold medal. In 2000, he became owner of the Phoenix Coyotes. In 2004, he was inducted into the Ontario Sports Hall of Fame, in September 2009, following the franchises bankruptcy, Gretzky resigned as coach and relinquished his ownership share. In October 2016, he became partner and vice-chairman of Oilers Entertainment Group, Wayne Gretzky was born on January 26,1961 in Brantford, Ontario, the son of Phyllis Leone and Walter Gretzky. The couple had married in 1960, and lived in an apartment in Brantford, the family moved into a house on Varadi Avenue in Brantford seven months after Wayne was born, chosen partly because its yard was flat enough to make an ice rink on every winter. Wayne was joined by a sister, Kim, and brothers Keith, Glen, the family would regularly visit the farm of Waynes grandparents, Tony and Mary, and watch Hockey Night in Canada together. By age two, Wayne was trying to score goals against Mary using a souvenir stick, the farm was where Wayne skated on ice for the first time, aged two years,10 months
21.
Mario Lemieux
–
Joseph Roger Mario Lemieux, OC, CQ is a Canadian former professional ice hockey player and current owner for the Pittsburgh Penguins. He played parts of 17 seasons with the National Hockey Leagues Pittsburgh Penguins between 1984 and 2006, dubbed The Magnificent One or Le Magnifique, he is widely acknowledged to be one of the best players of all time. On January 27,2017, in a ceremony during the All-Star Weekend in Los Angeles, a gifted playmaker and fast skater despite his large size, Lemieux often beat defencemen with fakes and dekes. Lemieux led Pittsburgh to two consecutive Stanley Cups in 1991 and 1992, under his ownership, the Penguins won a third Cup in 2009 and a fourth in 2016. He is the man to have his name on the Cup as both a player and an owner. He also led Team Canada to an Olympic gold medal in 2002, a championship at the 2004 World Cup of Hockey, at the time of his retirement, he was the NHLs seventh-ranked all-time scorer with 690 goals and 1,033 assists. He ranks second in NHL history with a 0.754 goals-per game average for his career, in 2004, he was inducted into Canadas Walk of Fame. This was also the season that Sidney Crosby debuted, Lemieuxs NHL debut was on October 11,1984, and his final game took place on December 16th,2005. His numerous ailments included spinal disc herniation, Hodgkins lymphoma, chronic tendinitis of a hip-flexor muscle and he also missed the entire 1994–95 season due to Hodgkins lymphoma. Bobby Orr called him the most talented player Ive ever seen, Orr, along with Bryan Trottier and numerous fans, speculated that if Lemieux had not suffered so many issues with his health, his on-ice achievements would have been much greater. Lemieux was born in Montreal, to Pierrette, a mom, and Jean-Guy Lemieux. He and his older brothers Alain and Richard grew up in a working family in the Ville-Émard district. Mario began practicing hockey at age three in his basement, before using real equipment, he and his brothers used wooden kitchen spoons as hockey sticks, the young Lemieux was friends with future NHLers Marc Bergevin and Robert Bourdeau. Lemieux started his career with the Laval Voisins of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. When he was drafted at age 15, he declared that he would break records, in the 1983–84 QMJHL season. In his last game of the season, Lemieux needed three goals to tie Guy Lafleurs record of 130 goals— he scored six goals and added six assists in a 16-4 victory. Although he played in the 1983 World Junior Hockey Championships, Lemieux did not play for the Canadian Juniors in 1984 because he disliked how coach Dave King treated him in the previous tournament and he also did not want to break up his junior season. He finished his QMJHL career with 562 points in three seasons, before the 1984 NHL Entry Draft, Lemieux announced he wanted to play for whoever drafted him
22.
19 (number)
–
19 is the natural number following 18 and preceding 20. In a 24-hour clock, the hour is in conventional language called seven or seven oclock. 19 is the 8th prime number, the sequence continues 23,29,31,37. 19 is the seventh Mersenne prime exponent,19 is the fifth happy number and the third happy prime. 19 is the sum of two odd discrete semiprimes,65 and 77 and is the base of the 19-aliquot tree. 19 is the number of fourth powers needed to sum up to any natural number. It is the value of g.19 is the lowest prime centered triangular number, a centered hexagonal number. The only non-trivial normal magic hexagon contains 19 hexagons,19 is the first number with more than one digit that can be written from base 2 to base 19 using only the digits 0 to 9, the other number is 20. 19 is The TCP/IP port used for chargen, astronomy, Every 19 years, the solar year and the lunar year align in whats known as the metonic cycle. Quran code, There have been claims that patterns of the number 19 are present a number of times in the Quran. The Number of Verse and Sura together in the Quran which announces Jesus son of Maryams birth, in the Bábí and Baháí faiths, a group of 19 is called a Váhid, a Unity. The numerical value of this word in the Abjad numeral system is 19, the Baháí calendar is structured such that a year contains 19 months of 19 days each, as well as a 19-year cycle and a 361-year supercycle. The Báb and his disciples formed a group of 19, There were 19 Apostles of Baháulláh. With a similar name and anti-Vietnam War theme, I Was Only Nineteen by the Australian group Redgum reached number one on the Australian charts in 1983, in 2005 a hip hop version of the song was produced by The Herd. 19 is the name of Adeles 2008 debut album, so named since she was 19 years old at the time, hey Nineteen is a song by American jazz rock band Steely Dan, written by members Walter Becker and Donald Fagen, and released on their 1980 album Gaucho. Nineteen has been used as an alternative to twelve for a division of the octave into equal parts and this idea goes back to Salinas in the sixteenth century, and is interesting in part because it gives a system of meantone tuning, being close to 1/3 comma meantone. Some organs use the 19th harmonic to approximate a minor third and they refer to the ka-tet of 19, Directive Nineteen, many names add up to 19,19 seems to permeate every aspect of Roland and his travelers lives. In addition, the ends up being a powerful key
23.
Joe Louis Arena
–
Joe Louis Arena is a multi-purpose arena located in Detroit, Michigan. It is the home of the Detroit Red Wings of the National Hockey League, completed in 1979 at a cost of $57 million, the venue is named after former heavyweight champion boxer Joe Louis, who grew up in Detroit. Only one other NHL arena, Madison Square Garden, is without a corporate sponsorship name, the second oldest NHL venue after Madison Square Garden, Joe Louis Arena is owned by the city of Detroit, and operated by Olympia Entertainment, a subsidiary of Ilitch Holdings. Built as a replacement for the Detroit Olympia, it sits adjacent to Cobo Center on the bank of the Detroit River and is accessible via the Joe Louis Arena station on the Detroit People Mover. Joe Louis Arena replaced the Detroit Olympia, where the Detroit Red Wings had played since 1927, the neighborhood around the Olympia had gradually deteriorated, especially after the 1967 Detroit riot. After two murders took place near the Olympia, Red Wings owner Bruce Norris seriously considered moving to an arena in suburban Pontiac. However, the city of Detroit countered with a proposal for a new riverfront arena at one-third of the rent Pontiac was offering, the package also gave the Red Wings operational control of both the arena, nearby Cobo Arena and nearby lots. The arena hosted its first event on December 12,1979, the Red Wings played their first game at Joe Louis Arena on December 27,1979, hosting the St. Louis Blues. Later that first season it hosted the 32nd NHL All-Star Game on February 5,1980, Joe Louis Arena was the site of the 1987 NHL Entry Draft, which marked the first NHL Entry Draft to be held in the United States. In 1980, the hosted the Republican National Convention where Ronald Reagan was nominated as the Republican candidate for President of the United States. In 2006, LED video screens replaced the JumboTrons, the screens debuted November 22,2006, when the Red Wings played the Vancouver Canucks. That same day, the arenas West Entrance was named the Gordie Howe Entrance in honor of the legendary Red Wing player, Joe Louis Arena currently houses 86 premium suites. In 2008, the introduced the Comerica Bank Legends Club. Joe Louis Arena will be demolished following the completion of the new arena, the Red Wings final game in Joe Louis Arena is scheduled for April 9,2017 against the New Jersey Devils. In 1995, the Detroit Junior Red Wings won the Ontario Hockey Leagues J. Ross Robertson Cup, Joe Louis Arena hosts college hockey events as part of College Hockey at The Joe, the Great Lakes Invitational, and the Big Ten Conference hockey tournament in 2015 and 2017. The Detroit Pistons of the NBA used the arena for Game 5 of their 1984 playoff series against the New York Knicks when the Pontiac Silverdome was unavailable due to a scheduling conflict. In the game, Pistons star Isiah Thomas scored 16 points in the final 1,34 of regulation to send the game into overtime before the Pistons lost. The Pistons were forced to return to Joe Louis Arena for 15 games during the 1984–85 season, the Detroit Red Wings of the NHL hosted the Stanley Cup Finals at the arena six times,1995,1997,1998,2002,2008, and 2009
24.
Brett Hull
–
Brett Andrew Hull is a Canadian-born American former National Hockey League player and general manager, and currently an executive vice president of the St. Louis Blues. He played for the Calgary Flames, St. Louis Blues, Dallas Stars, Detroit Red Wings and his career total of 741 goals is the fourth highest in NHL history, and he is one of five players to score 50 goals in 50 games. He was a member of two Stanley Cup winning teams -1999 with the Dallas Stars and 2002 with the Detroit Red Wings. His championship winning goal for Dallas in overtime of game six of the 1999 Stanley Cup Finals remains the focus of debate whether it was scored within the rules of the time. On January 27,2017, in a ceremony during the All-Star Weekend in Los Angeles, known as one of the games greatest snipers, Hull was an elite scorer at all levels of the game. He played college hockey for the University of Minnesota-Duluth Bulldogs, where he scored 52 goals in 1985–86 and he scored 50 the following year with the Moncton Golden Flames of the American Hockey League and had five consecutive NHL seasons of at least 50 goals. His 86 goals in 1990–91 is the third highest single-season total in NHL history, Hull won the Hart Memorial Trophy and Lester B. Pearson Award that year as the leagues most valuable player. He was named a first team all-star on three occasions and played in eight NHL All-Star Games, a dual citizen, Hull was eligible to play for either Canada or the United States internationally and chose to join the American National Team. He was a member of team that won the 1996 World Cup of Hockey and was a two-time Olympian, Hull was inducted into the Hockey Hall of Fame in 2009, joining his father Bobby to become the first father-and-son pair of players in the Hall. They are the pair to each score 1,000 career points in the NHL. Hulls nickname, the Golden Brett is a reference to his fathers nickname of the Golden Jet and his jersey number 16 was retired by the St. Louis Blues. Hull was born August 9,1964, in Belleville, Ontario and his father, Bobby, was a long-time professional hockey player in both the National Hockey League and World Hockey Association. His mother, Joanne, was an American professional figure skater and he has three brothers, Bobby Jr. Blake and Bart, and a younger sister, Michelle. Bart played professional football in the Canadian Football League and his uncle Dennis was also a long-time NHL player. As his father was playing for the Chicago Blackhawks, Hulls early life was spent in Illinois and he and his brothers often skated with the Black Hawks where they watched their father play. The family moved back to Canada when Bobby signed with the original Winnipeg Jets in 1972, Brett moved to Vancouver with his mother and two youngest siblings shortly before his parents acrimonious divorce in 1979. Hull was not close to his following the breakup, though the two spoke periodically. He was first eligible for the NHL Entry Draft in 1982 and he joined the Penticton Knights of the tier-II British Columbia Junior Hockey League in the 1982–83 season where he scored 48 goals in 50 games
25.
Luc Robitaille
–
Luc Jean-Marie Robitaille is a retired Canadian professional ice hockey player, and currently serves as President of business operations for the Los Angeles Kings of the National Hockey League. He served as Kings team captain during the 1992–93 season and for the two games of the 2005–06 season. Robitaille retired after the 2005–06 season as the left winger in NHL history. On January 27,2017, in a ceremony during the All-Star Weekend in Los Angeles, Robitaille was drafted by the Kings in the ninth round of the 1984 NHL Entry Draft. Many hockey experts expected Robitaille to be drafted late in the due to his poor skating ability. Robitaille himself has stated that he had only had contact with one NHL team during his junior career - the Kings and he happened to be attending the 84 draft, and later introduced himself to first year Kings general manager Rogie Vachon. Robitaille and former teammate Dave Taylor are the lowest NHL draft picks to have recorded 1,000 career points, during the 1984 NHL Entry Draft, the Kings drafted future Baseball Hall-of-Famer Tom Glavine in the fourth round, over one hundred spots ahead of Robitaille. Robitaille played junior hockey for the Hull Olympiques of the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League, in his honor, because of his efforts, the QMJHL created the Luc Robitaille Trophy, awarded to the team which scores the most goals each season. Robitaille made it to the NHL in 1986, helping the Kings make the playoffs, Robitaille scored 45 goals and had 39 assists in 79 games, edging out the Philadelphia Flyers Ron Hextall for the Calder Memorial Trophy, the only Los Angeles player ever to win the award. He also earned a spot on the Second All-Star Team, Robitaille scored more than 40 goals in each of his first eight seasons, including three 50 or more goal seasons, with a career-high 63 in 1992–93. That year, Robitaille set league records for most goals and points in a season by a left winger. Robitailles 63-goal record amongst left wingers was eclipsed by Alexander Ovechkin during the 2007–08 season, the Kings reached the 1993 Stanley Cup Finals for the first time in franchise history where they eventually lost to the Montreal Canadiens in five games. Robitaille had nine goals and 13 assists in 24 playoff games, during the 1993–94 season, Robitaille scoring totals remained respectable but considerably lower than his previous seasons, while Gretzky had returned from injury to win the league scoring title. The Kings failed to make the playoffs, Robitaille was traded on July 29,1994 to the Pittsburgh Penguins, in exchange for Rick Tocchet and the Penguins’ 2nd round draft pick in 1995. There, Robitaille set then-career lows in goals and assists during the strike-shortened 1994–95 season, after one season, Robitaille was traded to the New York Rangers with Ulf Samuelsson in exchange for Petr Nedvěd and Sergei Zubov. Robitaille had below-average numbers in two seasons with the Rangers, and for the first time in his career, had more penalty minutes than points in 1995–96. On August 28,1997, in new-GM Dave Taylors first move, Robitaille struggled in his first season back in Los Angeles, scoring only 16 goals in an injury-shortened 1997–98 season. Robitaille returned to his All-Star form, scoring no fewer than 36 goals and had the best stats of his career after his first stint with the Kings during those three seasons
26.
Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics
–
Ice hockey at the 2002 Winter Olympics was held at the E Center in West Valley City and Peaks Ice Arena in Provo, Utah. Both the mens and womens tournaments were won by Canada, defeating the host United States in both games, the mens tournament marked the second Olympic Games where the National Hockey League took a break to allow all its players the opportunity to play. Fourteen countries played in the tournament, six hockey powers were automatically admitted to the final eight. The other eight countries played in a round in two pools. The winners of those pools, Belarus and Germany, advanced to the round with the six hockey powers. The biggest surprise of the tournament was Belarus, 0–3–0 in Group D play, after that upset, the Swedish media held their players responsible for the loss, even going as far to publish their NHL salaries. Another major surprise was the finish of Team USA, which was not considered a contender as it was steeped heavily in over-30 veterans. Despite being close to the ends of their NHL careers, Mike Richter, Brett Hull, John LeClair and Mike Modano formed the Divine Line which led the tournament in scoring. USA and Russia played to a 2–2 tie in their group game, ending up, USA finished second behind Sweden in the round robin results. USA and Russia met again in the semi-finals of the tournament, the USAs victory over Russia came coincidentally on the 22-year anniversary of the Miracle on Ice, the upset of the Soviet Union team, at Lake Placid in 1980. The Americans stormed out to a 3–0 lead for the first two periods, before withstanding a furious rally from the Russians to advance. However, Russian goalie Nikolai Khabibulin thought that the refereeing was fair, Canada had a lackluster start, losing 5–2 to Sweden, only managing to defeat Germany by a score of 3–2, and drawing with the Czech Republic. However, Canada improved in the round, defeating Finland 2–1. Canada and the US faced off in the final, for both nations, the gold-medal game came coincidentally on the anniversary of each nations last gold medal in mens Olympic hockey. Canada last won 50 years previously at the 1952 Winter Olympics when they tied the US 3-3, the US won their last gold medal when they defeated Finland two days after The Miracle on Ice in 1980. Both games, coincidentally, were played on a Sunday, the Canada-USA final was tied at 2–2, however Canada then scored three goals to win 5–2. It was only the time and first in 70 years that the US mens hockey team lost an Olympic game on home soil. The first loss came against Canada in their first game at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, thanks to the much-anticipated Canada–USA matchup in the final in front of a North American home crowd, TV ratings for this match were the highest in Olympic history to that time
27.
2007 IIHF World Championship
–
The 2007 IIHF World Championship were held between April 27 and May 13,2007 in Moscow, Russia. It was the 71st annual world championship event run by the International Ice Hockey Federation, the tournament was won by Canada with Rick Nash being named the Most Valuable Player of the tournament. At the 2007 IIHF World Championships, a three-point system for game is used. Teams winning in regulation were awarded three points, the loser none, where there was a tie score in the Preliminary, Playoff and Relegation Rounds, teams were given one point each. A five-minute overtime followed and, if the score was tied after overtime, Game Winning Shots was used. The team winning in overtime or shoot-out was awarded the point for a total of two points. All times local All times local All times local All times local Results from Preliminary Round games among the qualified teams carry over, All times local Results from Preliminary Round games among the qualified teams carry over
28.
2010 Winter Olympics
–
Approximately 2,600 athletes from 82 nations participated in 86 events in fifteen disciplines. Both the Olympic and Paralympic Games were organized by the Vancouver Organizing Committee, the 2010 Winter Olympics were the third Olympics hosted by Canada and the first by the province of British Columbia. Previously, Canada hosted the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal, Quebec, Vancouver is the largest city to host the Winter Olympics. Following Olympic tradition, then-Vancouver mayor Sam Sullivan received the Olympic flag during the ceremony of the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. The flag was raised on February 28,2006, in a ceremony and was on display at Vancouver City Hall until the Olympic opening ceremony. The event was opened by Governor General Michaëlle Jean, who was accompanied by Prime Minister Stephen Harper. With 14, Canada broke the record for the most gold medals won at a single Winter Olympics, athletes from Slovakia and Belarus won the first Winter Olympic gold medals for their nations. The Canadian Olympic Association chose Vancouver as the Canadian candidate city over Calgary, which sought to re-host the Games and Quebec City, on the first round of voting on November 21,1998, Vancouver-Whistler had 26 votes, Quebec City had 25 and Calgary had 21. On December 3,1998, the second and final round of voting occurred between the two leading contenders, which saw Vancouver win with 40 votes compared to Quebec Citys 32 votes. Vancouver had also bid for the 1976 games, which were first awarded to Denver, then to Innsbruck and the 1980 games. After the bribery scandal over the candidacy of the Salt Lake City bid for the 2002 Winter Olympics, the International Olympic Committee created the Evaluation Commission, which was appointed on October 24,2002. Prior to the bidding for the 2008 Summer Olympics, host cities would often fly members of the IOC to their city where they toured the city and were provided with gifts, the lack of oversight and transparency often led to allegations of money for votes. Afterward, changes brought forth by the IOC bidding rules were tightened, the team analyzed the candidate city features and provided its input back to the IOC. Vancouver won the bid to host the Olympics by a vote of the International Olympic Committee on July 2,2003, at the 115th IOC Session held in Prague, the result was announced by IOC President Jacques Rogge. Vancouver faced two other finalists shortlisted that same February, Pyeongchang, South Korea, and Salzburg, Austria, Pyeongchang had the most votes of the three cities in the first round of voting, in which Salzburg was eliminated. In the run-off, all but two of the members who had voted for Salzburg voted for Vancouver and it was the closest vote by the IOC since Sydney, Australia beat Beijing for the 2000 Summer Olympics by two votes. Vancouvers victory came almost two years after Torontos 2008 Summer Olympic bid was defeated by Beijing in a landslide vote, the Vancouver Olympic Committee spent C$16.6 million on upgrading facilities at Cypress Mountain, which hosted the freestyle and snowboarding events. In 2004, the operational cost of the 2010 Winter Olympics was estimated to be Canadian $1.354 billion, as of mid-2009 it was projected to be C$1.76 billion, mostly raised from non-government sources, primarily through sponsorships and the auction of national broadcasting rights
29.
2014 Winter Olympics
–
Both the Olympics and 2014 Winter Paralympics were organized by the Sochi Organizing Committee. Sochi was selected as the host city in July 2007, during the 119th IOC Session held in Guatemala City and it was the first Olympics in Russia since the breakup of the Soviet Union in 1991. The Soviet Union was previously the host nation for the 1980 Summer Olympics in Moscow and these were the first Olympic Games under the International Olympic Committee presidency of Thomas Bach. A total of 98 events in 15 winter sport disciplines were held during the Games, in preparation, organizers focused on modernizing the telecommunications, electric power, and transportation infrastructures of the region. However, immediately following the ceremony, commentators evaluated the Games to have been successful overall. Allegations concerning the corruption of the anti-doping system possibly employed during the Games surfaced in 2015, rodchenkov stated that the FSB tampered with over 100 urine samples as part of a cover-up, and that a third of the Russian medals won at Sochi were the result of doping. La Gazzetta dello Sport reported the names of 15 athletes who are among the 28 under investigation, the Russian team potentially could be stripped of up to 12 Olympic medals among these athletes alone. Sochi was elected on 4 July 2007 during the 119th International Olympic Committee session held in Guatemala City, Guatemala, defeating bids from Salzburg, Austria and this is the first time that the Russian Federation has hosted the Winter Olympics. The Soviet Union was the host of the 1980 Summer Olympics held in, as of October 2013, the estimated combined cost of the 2014 Winter Olympics had topped US$51 billion. This amount included the cost for Olympic games themselves and cost of Sochi infrastructural projects, dmitry Kozak was the main overseer for the events in Sochi. The breakdown table below is based on a report that has analyzed the distribution of Olimpstroys $49.5 billion budget, estimates also suggest that additional unrecoverable operational costs could have added another $3 billion. He confirmed that the Organizing Committee had raised more than $500 million through marketing in the first five months of 2009, the Russian Government provided nearly 327 billion rubles for the total development, expansion and hosting of the Games. 192 billion rubles coming from the budget and 7 billion rubles from the Krasnodar Krai budget. The organizers expected to have a surplus of US$300 million when the Games conclude, Sochi 2014 is the 12th straight Olympics to outlaw smoking, all Sochi venues, Olympic Park bars and restaurants and public areas were smoke-free during the Games. It is also the first time that an Olympic Park has been built for hosting a winter games, the Sochi Olympic Park was built by the Black Sea coast in the Imeretinsky Valley, about 4 km from Russias border with Abkhazia/Georgia. The venues were clustered around a water basin on which the Medals Plaza is built. It also features The Waters of the Olympic Park, a fountain which served as the backdrop in the medals awards. Its primary use is to host the Formula One Russian Grand Prix, in January 2015, work began on adapting Fisht Olympic Stadium into an open-air football stadium to host matches during the 2018 FIFA World Cup
30.
Sweden men's national ice hockey team
–
The Sweden mens national ice hockey team, or Tre Kronor, as it is called in Sweden, is one of the most successful ice hockey teams in the world. The name Tre Kronor means Three Crowns and refers to the three crowns on the team jersey, the three crowns represent the lesser national coat of arms of the Kingdom of Sweden and the national emblem. The first time the symbol was used on the teams jersey was on 12 February 1938. The team has won medals at both the World Championships and the Winter Olympics. In 2013 the team was the first team to win the World Championships at home since the Soviet Union in 1986, roster for the 2016 World Cup of Hockey. Head coach, Rikard Grönborg Robin Lehner, Niklas Kronwall, Alexander Steen and they were replaced by Jhonas Enroth, Hampus Lindholm, Rickard Rakell, and Mikael Backlund, respectively. Later, when Rickard Rakell himself pulled out, he was replaced by Patrik Berglund, Henrik Zetterberg was originally selected captain, but was replaced by Henrik Sedin when Zetterberg pulled out of the tournament. The following table shows Swedens all-time international record in official matches, teams named in italics are no longer active. The team received the Svenska Dagbladet Gold Medal in 1987, shared with Marie-Helene Westin
31.
British Columbia
–
British Columbia is the westernmost province of Canada, with a population of more than four million people located between the Pacific Ocean and the Rocky Mountains. British Columbia is also a component of the Pacific Northwest and the Cascadia bioregion, along with the U. S. states of Idaho, Oregon, Washington and Alaska. The first British settlement in the area was Fort Victoria, established in 1843, subsequently, on the mainland, the Colony of British Columbia was founded by Richard Clement Moody and the Royal Engineers, Columbia Detachment, in response to the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush. Port Moody is named after him, in 1866, Vancouver Island became part of the colony of British Columbia, and Victoria became the united colonys capital. In 1871, British Columbia became the province of Canada. Its Latin motto is Splendor sine occasu, the capital of British Columbia remains Victoria, the fifteenth-largest metropolitan region in Canada, named for the Queen who created the original European colonies. The largest city is Vancouver, the third-largest metropolitan area in Canada, the largest in Western Canada, in October 2013, British Columbia had an estimated population of 4,606,371. British Columbia evolved from British possessions that were established in what is now British Columbia by 1871, First Nations, the original inhabitants of the land, have a history of at least 10,000 years in the area. Today there are few treaties and the question of Aboriginal Title, notably, the Tsilhqotin Nation has established Aboriginal title to a portion of their territory, as a result of the recent Supreme Court of Canada decision. BCs economy is diverse, with service producing industries accounting for the largest portion of the provinces GDP and it is the endpoint of transcontinental railways, and the site of major Pacific ports that enable international trade. Though less than 5% of its vast 944,735 km2 land is arable and its climate encourages outdoor recreation and tourism, though its economic mainstay has long been resource extraction, principally logging, farming, and mining. Vancouver, the provinces largest city and metropolitan area, also serves as the headquarters of many western-based natural resource companies and it also benefits from a strong housing market and a per capita income well above the national average. The Northern Interior region has a climate with very cold winters. The climate of Vancouver is by far the mildest winter climate of the major Canadian cities, the provinces name was chosen by Queen Victoria, when the Colony of British Columbia, i. e. the Mainland, became a British colony in 1858. The current southern border of British Columbia was established by the 1846 Oregon Treaty, British Columbias land area is 944,735 square kilometres. British Columbias rugged coastline stretches for more than 27,000 kilometres and it is the only province in Canada that borders the Pacific Ocean. British Columbias capital is Victoria, located at the tip of Vancouver Island. Only a narrow strip of the Island, from Campbell River to Victoria, is significantly populated, much of the western part of Vancouver Island and the rest of the coast is covered by thick, tall and sometimes impenetrable temperate rainforest
32.
Nepean, Ontario
–
Nepean /nəˈpiːən/ is a part of Ottawa, Ontario, located west of Ottawas inner core. It was formerly a city in its own right until amalgamated with the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton in 2001 to become the new city of Ottawa, however, the name Nepean continues in common usage in reference to the area. The population of Nepean is about 180,000 people, as with the rest of the National Capital Region, however, Nepeans economy was also heavily dependent on federal government employment. Most of Nepeans employed residents commute to downtown Ottawa or Kanata for work, Nepeans policies of operational and capital budgeting prudence contrasted with the budget philosophies of some other municipalities in the area. Nepean instituted a strict pay-as-you-go budgeting scheme, the city entered amalgamation with a large surplus and a record of tax restraint. However, most big-ticket municipal infrastructure items were the responsibility of the Regional Municipality of Ottawa-Carleton, hydro services were the responsibility of the Hydro-Electric Commission of the City of Nepean. Education in the City of Nepean was provided by the Carleton Board of Education, prior to amalgamation, Nepeans City Council spent many tax dollars aggressively campaigning against what they referred to as the megacity model. These efforts were in vain, as the one-city model eventually prevailed, Nepean has a humid continental climate, with warm, humid summers and cold winters. The summers start in early June and end in early September with a summer high temperature of 27 °C. In Nepean, summers have about 220 mm of rain, there is a 95% chance that all the precipitation comes by thunderstorms in the summer. There is also a chance of cool, average rainy days in the summertime. Nepean is also the Ottawa suburb that has the most hours of sunshine, in the winter, Nepean gets about 150–200 cm of snow yearly with an average temperature of −5 °C. Spring starts around late March and lasts until late May, with temperatures of about 10–15 °C, the springtime has about 165 mm of rain a year. The average temperature for fall is around 10 °C, autumn is the driest season in Nepean with only 100 mm of rainfall annually. The gardening zone for this area is 6A, Nepean Township, originally known as Township D, was established in 1792 and originally included what is now the central area of Ottawa west of the Rideau River. Jehiel Collins, from Vermont, is believed to have been the first person to settle in Nepean Township, Nepean was incorporated as a city on November 24,1978. The geographic boundaries of Nepean changed considerably over time, the original town hall of the township of Nepean was located in Westboro. Nepeans centre then moved to the community of Bells Corners, in the 1950 and 1960s, Nepeans urban area began to expand in previous rural areas in such areas as the community of Centrepointe in the east, and the community of Barrhaven in the south
33.
Ontario
–
Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
34.
Ottawa
–
Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, the two form the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area and the National Capital Region. The 2016 census reported a population of 934,243, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada, the City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015. Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, the city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River nearby, the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa, meaning to trade. The city is the most educated in Canada, and is home to a number of post-secondary, research, and cultural institutions, including the National Arts Centre, Ottawa also has the highest standard of living in the nation and low unemployment. It ranked second out of 150 worldwide in the Numbeo quality of life index 2014–2015, with the draining of the Champlain Sea around ten thousand years ago the Ottawa Valley became habitable. The area was used for wild harvesting, hunting, fishing, trade, travel. The Ottawa river valley has archaeological sites with arrow heads, pottery, the area has three major rivers that meet, making it an important trade and travel area for thousands of years. The Algonquins called the Ottawa River Kichi Sibi or Kichissippi meaning Great River or Grand River, Étienne Brûlé, the first European to travel up the Ottawa River, passed by Ottawa in 1610 on his way to the Great Lakes. Three years later, Samuel de Champlain wrote about the waterfalls of the area and about his encounters with the Algonquins, the early explorers and traders were later followed by many missionaries. The first maps of the area used the word Ottawa to name the river, philemon Wright, a New Englander, created the first settlement in the area on 7 March 1800 on the north side of the river, across from Ottawa in Hull. He, with five other families and twenty-five labourers, set about to create a community called Wrightsville. Wright pioneered the Ottawa Valley timber trade by transporting timber by river from the Ottawa Valley to Quebec City, the following year, the town would soon be named after British military engineer Colonel John By who was responsible for the entire Rideau Waterway construction project. Colonel By set up military barracks on the site of todays Parliament Hill and he also laid out the streets of the town and created two distinct neighbourhoods named Upper Town west of the canal and Lower Town east of the canal. Similar to its Upper Canada and Lower Canada namesakes, historically Upper Town was predominantly English speaking and Protestant whereas Lower Town was predominantly French, Irish, bytowns population grew to 1,000 as the Rideau Canal was being completed in 1832. In 1855 Bytown was renamed Ottawa and incorporated as a city, William Pittman Lett was installed as the first city clerk guiding it through 36 years of development. On New Years Eve 1857, Queen Victoria, as a symbolic, in reality, Prime Minister John A. Macdonald had assigned this selection process to the Executive Branch of the Government, as previous attempts to arrive at a consensus had ended in deadlock
35.
Bell High School (Ottawa)
–
Bell High School is a high school located in the Bells Corners neighbourhood of Ottawa, Ontario. In 1962, the school was established by the Carleton Board of Education as a high school. In 1977, Bell High School concert and stage bands produced an album From Canadas Capital and it currently serves as one of only two facilities in the CBE with the OCDSB Gifted Program. It also offers a comprehensive French Immersion and ESL program in addition to the academic program. In 2014, Bell High School was recognized as the secondary school to service Ottawa West. Its students refer to themselves as Bruins, academically, Bell has one of the highest university placement rates in Ottawa. Virtually all students of its program and a plurality in the academic program enter university programs in Canada or internationally. Some graduates go to the United States, in the past, students have gone to Cornell University, Yale University, AP Courses offered include, Physics B, Calculus, English Literature, French, Macroeconomics and Studio Arts. Beyond its special academic curriculum, Bell High School offers a diverse, in the University of Waterloo Math Competitions, Bell has consistently ranked within the top 50 schools in the nation. Bell’s reputation for academics is such that Bell students are welcomed at various institutions for enrichment studies, many of Bells students have been selected to attend the prestigious Shad Valley summer enrichment program for excellence in science, math, business and engineering. Bell also has a travel program which sends students across the world in order to broaden their horizon. Destinations have included Continental Europe, Asia, Japan and the Galapagos Islands, Bell High School is located on a spacious 10 hectare campus. The school building itself is in the shape of the letter E, each wing contains a different educational discipline, one each for science, mathematics, English, and social studies. The school also has an art studio and a cafeteria, Bell High School also actively integrates technology into the classroom, including projectors, four modern computer labs, and SmartBoards. Because of the size of its campus, Bell High School offers a range of sports amenities. The school has or is adjacent to two baseball diamonds, two full-sized soccer fields, an all season indoor hockey arena and a 400 m gravel track, many of these facilities are owned by the City of Ottawa. Beyond activities, Bell also engages extensively in fundraising efforts, through these efforts, Bell has contributed significantly to the local community and even managed to construct a sister school in Kenya which it maintains as an ongoing humanitarian project. Other than its fundraisers and humanitarian projects, Bell High School also hosts a plethora of events to promote arts and culture, though performances, banquets
36.
Nepean Raiders
–
The Nepean Raiders are a Canadian Junior ice hockey team from Nepean, Ontario, Canada. They are a part of the Central Canada Hockey League, the town of Nepean was granted expansion after the Cornwall Royals and the Hull Hawks left the CJHL for the Quebec Major Junior Hockey League. The Raiders started their operations in the Valley division of the Junior B League in 1966, Nepean made the finals multiple times between 1972 and 1981. Steve Yzerman and Darren Pang are still known for being the most-outstanding Raiders in the early era, the Raiders struggled in the 1980s and 1990s missing the playoffs multiple times, and set a season-record for the most-penalized CJHL team in 1995-96. The Nepean Raiders came under new ownership with Gord Black in 1998, Black had previously attempted to purchase the Ottawa 67s. Black introduced a new logo, similar to the one used by the Prince Albert Raiders of the Western Hockey League and this logo was discontinued in 2009 when new ownership took over the Raiders organization, but still used as an alternate logo as the previous logo was revived. In 2002-03, the Nepean Raiders broke a 22-year old championship appearance drought by winning the semi-finals against the Gloucester Rangers in 7 games, the Art Bogart Cup final was an easy task for the Raiders winning the series in 5 games against the Ottawa Junior Senators. At the Fred Page Cup in Cornwall, the Raiders finished 3rd and knocked off the hosts Cornwall Colts in the semi-finals, the 2003-04 season saw 13 returning players poised to defend their championship season from before. The Raiders won a series with the Gloucester Rangers, where game 7 was a nervous showdown where Nepean held on for a 1-0 win sending them to the Fred Page Cup in Valleyfield. Nepean dropped the first 2 games to the Valleyfield Braves and the Saint-Eustache Gladiateurs, Nepean and the Campbellton Tigers went into the final game winless, and Nepean won 3-1 to go to the semi-finals where they defeated Saint-Eustache 3-2 in double overtime. Nepean won the finals 4-0 against Valleyfield to earn a trip to the Royal Bank Cup in Grande Prairie, Nepean won their first game 5-4 against the Nanaimo Clippers of the BCHL, where they rallied back from a 4-0 deficit to win in overtime. Nepean improved their record to 2-0 after winning 2-0 against the Kindersley Klippers of the SJHL, however, the Raiders dropped to 2-1 after losing to the hosts Grande Prairie Storm 4-2. Their final round robin contest came against the top-ranked Aurora Tigers of the OPJHL, the same teams met in the semi-final, and Aurora won 7-2 thus making the Raiders the 5th different CCHL team to fail to make the national championship. The 2004-05 season saw the Nepean Raiders finish strong, but the Art Bogart Cup finals saw a series against the Hawkesbury Hawks. Game 7 was played in a venue, because the ice was removed from the Nepean Sportsplex. A record was broke in this game for the fastest five goals in a game as Hawkesbury won 6-1. Nepean returned from a devastating finish from the 2004-05 season and used the 2005-06 season to rebuild, although, the Raiders finished 3rd overall, they had to deal with the Brockville Braves, who were up 3-1 in the series and Nepean came back to force game 7. With the game tied 2-2, Raiders forward Matt Valois scored the winner with 5 seconds left in regulation to avoid sudden death overtime
Canada
