Subsoil
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Subsoil is the layer of soil under the topsoil on the surface of the ground. Like topsoil, it is composed of a variable mixture of small particles such as sand, silt and clay, but with a much lower pe
Subsoil layer
Rammed earth
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Rammed earth, also called pisé, is a technique for constructing foundations, floors, and walls using compacted natural raw materials such as earth, chalk, lime, or gravel. It is an ancient method that
Subsoil
…have been mixed. Below the subsoil is the soil substratum (or C horizon). Clay-based subsoil has been the primary source of material for adobe, cob, rammed earth, wattle and daub, and other earthen construction methods for millennia. Coarse sand, the other ingredient in most of these materials, is also found in…
The ruins of a Han dynasty (202 BCE – 220 CE) Chinese watchtower made of rammed earth in Dunhuang, Province of Gansu, China, at the eastern end of the Silk Road
Traditional model of construction of a wall of rammed earth on a foundation
A typical Hmong housebuilding technique in the subtropical climate of Vietnam
Old rammed-earth wall with deterioration, in France