1.
Copenhagen
–
Copenhagen, Danish, København, Latin, Hafnia) is the capital and most populous city of Denmark. Copenhagen has an population of 1,280,371. The Copenhagen metropolitan area has just over 2 million inhabitants, the city is situated on the eastern coast of the island of Zealand, another small portion of the city is located on Amager, and is separated from Malmö, Sweden, by the strait of Øresund. The Øresund Bridge connects the two cities by rail and road, originally a Viking fishing village founded in the 10th century, Copenhagen became the capital of Denmark in the early 15th century. Beginning in the 17th century it consolidated its position as a centre of power with its institutions, defences. After suffering from the effects of plague and fire in the 18th century and this included construction of the prestigious district of Frederiksstaden and founding of such cultural institutions as the Royal Theatre and the Royal Academy of Fine Arts. Later, following the Second World War, the Finger Plan fostered the development of housing, since the turn of the 21st century, Copenhagen has seen strong urban and cultural development, facilitated by investment in its institutions and infrastructure. The city is the cultural, economic and governmental centre of Denmark, Copenhagens economy has seen rapid developments in the service sector, especially through initiatives in information technology, pharmaceuticals and clean technology. Since the completion of the Øresund Bridge, Copenhagen has become integrated with the Swedish province of Scania and its largest city, Malmö. With a number of connecting the various districts, the cityscape is characterized by parks, promenades. Copenhagen is home to the University of Copenhagen, the Technical University of Denmark, the University of Copenhagen, founded in 1479, is the oldest university in Denmark. Copenhagen is home to the FC København and Brøndby football clubs, the annual Copenhagen Marathon was established in 1980. Copenhagen is one of the most bicycle-friendly cities in the world, the Copenhagen Metro serves central Copenhagen while the Copenhagen S-train network connects central Copenhagen to its outlying boroughs. Serving roughly 2 million passengers a month, Copenhagen Airport, Kastrup, is the largest airport in the Nordic countries, the name of the city reflects its origin as a harbour and a place of commerce. The original designation, from which the contemporary Danish name derives, was Køpmannæhafn, meaning merchants harbour, the literal English translation would be Chapmans haven. The English name for the city was adapted from its Low German name, the abbreviations Kbh. or Kbhvn are often used in Danish for København, and kbh. for københavnsk. The chemical element hafnium is named for Copenhagen, where it was discovered, the bacterium Hafnia is also named after Copenhagen, Vagn Møller of the State Serum Institute in Copenhagen named it in 1954. Excavations in Pilestræde have also led to the discovery of a well from the late 12th century, the remains of an ancient church, with graves dating to the 11th century, have been unearthed near where Strøget meets Rådhuspladsen
Copenhagen
–
From upper left:
Christiansborg Palace,
Frederik's Church,
Tivoli Gardens and
Nyhavn.
Copenhagen
–
Reconstruction of Copenhagen c. 1500
Copenhagen
–
The
Tøjhus Arsenal (
1604)
Copenhagen
–
The
Børsen, former stock exchange (completed
1640)
2.
Superflex
–
Superflex is a Danish artists group founded in 1993 by Jakob Fenger, Rasmus Nielsen and Bjørnstjerne Christiansen. Superflex describe their projects as Tools, as proposals that invite people to participate in, often the projects are assisted by experts who bring in their special interest, these tools can then be further used and modified by their users. Often their projects are related to economic forces, democratic production conditions, Superflex has gained international recognition for their projects. They contributed to the exhibition Rethink Kakotopia shown at the Nikolaj Centre of Contemporary Art in Copenhagen 2009, burning Car Flooded McDonalds The Financial Crisis Modern Times Forever An Artist with 6 Legs Editor, Pernille Albrethsen. 336 pages, ISBN 978-87-88944-97-6 Published by Kunsthal Charlottenborg 2014 Superflex The Corrupt Show Editor,224 pages, Format,225 x 265 mm, Publication date, October 2013. ISBN 978-91-87543-02-9 Tools Editor Babara Steiner in cooperation with Superdesign, Published by Verlag der Buchhandlung Walther König 2003. ISBN 3-88375-612-1 Self-organisation/Counter-economic Strategies Edited by Will Bradley, Mika Hannula, Cristina Ricupero, while the red square designates the modern, urban life with café, music and sports, the black market is the classic square with fountain and benches. The green park is a park for picnics, sports and walking the dog, the people living in the vicinity of the park are of more than 50 nationalities. These objects were chosen from a country of the national origin or from somewhere else encountered through traveling. The objects were produced in a 1,1 copy or bought, five groups traveled to Palestine, Spain, Thailand, Texas and Jamaica in order to acquire five objects. The objects have been installed throughout the park, the park has more than 100 objects from than 50 countries. Commissioned by the City of Copenhagen and Realdania, the concept for Superkilen was developed by Superflex in collaboration with architectural firms Bjarke Ingels Group, Power Toilets is a permanent public art work erected on a beach in the recreation area Park van Luna in Heerhugowaard, The Netherlands. Typical for the 1950s corporate style the design includes marble, big mirrors, stainless steel, yellow tiles, grey anthracite mosaic floor tiles. Power Toilets was designed in collaboration with Nezu Aymo architects, contractors, Bouwbedrijf Gerrits and Sinnige b. v. and Sculpfiction. Statens kunstfonds 3 årige arbejdslegat, Denmark 2000, the Great Indoors Award, Frame Magazine 2011. AIA - American Institute of Architects -2013 Institute Honor Awards for Regional and Urban Design, ARCHITECT MAGAZINE - Design Review 2013 Citation - Category, Play,2013. IEDC - International Economic Development Council Promotional awards,2012, mvdR Prize - Mies van der Rohe Prize 2013 - Finalist. Carl Nielsen and Anne Marie Carl-Nielsen Award 2014, Superflex Free Beer Guaraná Power Copyshop Supergas Eating in Public Fallen Fruit Stealing Free Beer
Superflex
–
Superflex
Workshop "
Free Beer Factory" on the
Taipei Biennial 2010
3.
Bjarke Ingels Group
–
The office is currently involved in a large number of projects throughout Europe, North America, Asia and the Middle East. As of 2016, the office has over 400 employees from 25 countries, bjarke Ingels and Julien De Smedt established PLOT in Copenhagen in January 2001, as a focus for their architectural practice. Ingels established BIG in late 2005 after he and De Smedt closed down PLOT and this drew acclaim for its first completed commission, the Mountain, a residential project in Copenhagen which had been started by PLOT. In 2010, they opened a office in New York City. In 2015, BIG added four new partners, Beat Schenk and Daniel Sundlin in New York and Brian Yang, in May 2016, BIG partnered with Hyperloop One, Deutsche Bahn, and SYSTRA to develop a test of the high-speed, low friction Hyperloop concept. Launched in 2014, the division is part R&D lab, part incubator for BIG design concepts that can be spun off into independent products or companies. The lab was founded to build the steam-ring generator for the Amager Bakke - the Copenhagen power plant with a ski slope on its roof - which will puff every time it emits a tonne of carbon dioxide. The first are scheduled to be built in Gothenburg, Sweden in 2016, other projects include Fingerprint Façade, Window Garden, and a gigantic Tesla coil for the Battersea Power Station in London. C. C
Bjarke Ingels Group
–
Mountain Dwellings in
Ørestad, Copenhagen, Denmark
Bjarke Ingels Group
–
8 House in
Ørestad, Copenhagen, Denmark
Bjarke Ingels Group
–
West 57 on display in
Louisiana Museum of Modern Art
4.
Landscape architecture
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Landscape architecture is the design of outdoor public areas, landmarks, and structures to achieve environmental, social-behavioral, or aesthetic outcomes. It involves the investigation of existing social, ecological, and soil conditions and processes in the landscape. A practitioner in the profession of architecture is called a landscape architect. The most valuable contribution can be made at the first stage of a project to generate ideas with technical understanding and creative flair for the design, organization, and use of spaces. The landscape architect can conceive the concept and prepare the master plan, from which detailed design drawings. They can also review proposals to authorize and supervise contracts for the construction work, other skills include preparing design impact assessments, conducting environmental assessments and audits, and serving as an expert witness at inquiries on land use issues. e. They often work in forestry, nature conservation and agriculture, Landscape scientists have specialist skills such as soil science, hydrology, geomorphology or botany that they relate to the practical problems of landscape work. Their projects can range from surveys to the ecological assessment of broad areas for planning or management purposes. They may also report on the impact of development or the importance of species in a given area. Landscape planners are concerned with planning for the location, scenic, ecological and recreational aspects of urban. Some may also apply an additional specialism such as landscape archaeology or law to the process of landscape planning, green roof designers design extensive and intensive roof gardens for storm water management, evapo-transpirative cooling, sustainable architecture, aesthetics, and habitat creation. An example is the work by André Le Nôtre at Vaux-le-Vicomte for King Louis XIV of France at the Palace of Versailles. The first person to write of making a landscape was Joseph Addison in 1712, the term landscape architecture was invented by Gilbert Laing Meason in 1828, and John Claudius Loudon was instrumental in the adoption of the term landscape architecture by the modern profession. He took up the term from Meason and gave it publicity in his Encyclopedias and in his 1840 book on the Landscape Gardening, the practice of landscape architecture spread from the Old to the New World. IFLA was founded at Cambridge, England, in 1948 with Sir Geoffrey Jellicoe as its first president, representing 15 countries from Europe, later, in 1978, IFLAs Headquarters were established in Versailles. Through the 19th century, urban planning became a focal point, the combination of the tradition of landscape gardening and the emerging field of urban planning offered Landscape Architecture an opportunity to serve these needs. In the second half of the century, Frederick Law Olmsted completed a series of parks which continue to have an influence on the practices of Landscape Architecture today. Among these were Central Park in New York City, Prospect Park in Brooklyn, New York, jens Jensen designed sophisticated and naturalistic urban and regional parks for Chicago, Illinois, and private estates for the Ford family including Fair Lane and Gaukler Point
Landscape architecture
–
Stourhead in
Wiltshire, England, designed by
Henry Hoare (1705–1785), "the first landscape gardener, who showed in a single work, genius of the highest order"
Landscape architecture
–
Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, London, established 1759 The Palm House built 1844–1848 by
Richard Turner to
Decimus Burton 's designs
Landscape architecture
–
Urban design in city squares. Water feature in London, by
Tadao Ando who also works with landscapes and gardens
Landscape architecture
–
Orangery at the Palace of Versailles, outside Paris
5.
Copenhagen Municipality
–
Their combined population stands at 763,908. The Municipality of Copenhagen is the most populous in the country with a population of 602,481 inhabitants, the municipal seat of government is the Copenhagen City Hall. The Lord Mayor of Copenhagen is Frank Jensen, since 2010, the relationship between Copenhagen Municipality and the wider city of Copenhagen is one of an administrative unit within a significantly larger city, cf. the City of London or the City of Brussels. In the Middle Ages, Copenhagen was defined as the area enclosed within the city walls, the city centre lies in the area originally defined by the old ramparts, which are still referred to as the Fortification Ring and kept as a partial green band around it. In 1856 the ramparts were pulled down allowing for growth and expansion, in 1901 the city expanded to include Amager and Valby, while Frederiksberg became an enclave within the municipality. The Finger Plan in the half of the 20th century led to expansion outside of the municipal boundary. Copenhagen Municipality was one of the three last Danish municipalities not belonging to a county, the others being Frederiksberg Municipality and Bornholm, on 1 January 2007, the municipality lost its county privileges and became part of Region Hovedstaden. Copenhagen Municipality is a division covering the central city and certain additional areas. It encloses Frederiksberg Municipality and stretches east to the waterfront, neighboring municipalities are Gentofte, Gladsaxe and Herlev to the north, Rødovre and Hvidovre to the west, and Tårnby to the south. The City Hall Square is the old centre of the city, from which an old shopping street leads northeast to Kongens Nytorv, christiansborg Palace, which houses the Danish parliament, is located on the islet of Slotsholmen. The municipality is divided into ten administrative, statistical and tax districts, the suffix -bro in the names Østerbro, Nørrebro, Vesterbro and Amagerbro should not be confused with the Danish word for bridge, which is also bro. The term is thought to be an abbreviation or short form of the Danish word brolagt meaning paved, the two figures for 1 February 1901 are before and after the municipality annexed some nearby parishes. The apparent decline since the mid-1900s are due to the figures not including the suburban and urban areas - notably Frederiksberg - outside Copenhagen municipality, Copenhagen Municipality is distinct from the wider Copenhagen urban area. The seat of Copenhagens municipal council is the Copenhagen City Hall, the council is chaired by the Lord Mayor—currently Frank Jensen—who oversees the civic duties of the fifty-five representatives of the council. The council usually meets every week at 17,30 on a Thursday. All members of the council are elected every four years, in the municipal elections in November 2013, the Social Democrats remained in first place with 27. 8% of the vote, while the Red-Green Alliance was in second place with 19. 5%. The Social Democrats have claimed the office of mayor for the past 110 years and it has six political committees and a finance committee. The annual budget for the city is proposed in August and finalized in October, the accounting firm Deloitte is responsible for auditing the City of Copenhagens accounts
Copenhagen Municipality
–
Copenhagen Skyline
Copenhagen Municipality
–
Districts of Copenhagen municipality
6.
Realdania
–
Realdania is a private association in Denmark which supports philanthropic projects in the realms of architecture and planning. Realdania is often called a private charitable foundation, but Realdanias legal structure is that of an association operating as a business. Only owners of real estate in Denmark can become members of Realdania, Realdanias closed structure has provoked criticism, and the associations funds has been called stray billions since they are controlled by a small network of people. Its activity is concentrated on supporting projects in architecture and the environment and is focused on three areas, cities, buildings and architectural heritage. Realkredit Danmark was owned and controlled by its members, and this structure was kept in Realdania, at the end of 2011 Realdanias endowment stood at EUR2.1 billion. Realdania Development and Change Architecture of Denmark List of wealthiest charitable foundations Jørgen Nue Møller, penge til Huse - Fra kreditforening til filantropisk virksomhed
Realdania
–
Danish Architecture Centre in Copenhagen, a project co-developed by Realdania
7.
American Institute of Architects
–
The American Institute of Architects is a professional organization for architects in the United States. The AIA also works with members of the design and construction team to help coordinate the building industry. The AIA is currently headed by Robert Ivy, FAIA as EVP/Chief Executive Officer and Thomas V. Vonier, wells, with Richard Upjohn serving as the first president. They met on February 23,1857 and decided to invite 16 other prominent architects to join them, including Alexander Jackson Davis, Thomas U. Prior to their establishment of the AIA, anyone could claim to be an architect and they drafted a constitution and bylaws by March 10,1857, under the name New York Society of Architects. Walter, of Philadelphia, later suggested the name be changed to American Institute of Architects, the members signed the new constitution on April 15,1857, having filed a certificate of incorporation two days earlier. As of 2008, AIA has more than 300 chapters, the AIA is headquartered at 1735 New York Avenue, NW in Washington, D. C. A design competition was held in the mid-1960s to select an architect for a new AIA headquarters in Washington, mitchell/Giurgola won the design competition but failed to get approval of the design concept from the United States Commission of Fine Arts. The firm resigned the commission and helped select The Architects Collaborative to redesign the building, the design, led by TAC principals Norman Fletcher and Howard Elkus, was ultimately approved in 1970 and completed in 1973. More than 90,000 licensed architects and associated professionals are members, AIA members adhere to a code of ethics and professional conduct intended to assure clients, the public, and colleagues of an architects dedication to the highest standards in professional practice. There are five levels of membership in the AIA, Architect members are licensed to practice architecture in the United States, international associate members hold an architecture license or the equivalent from a licensing authority outside the United States. Emeritus members have been AIA members for 15 successive years and are at least 65 years of age or are incapacitated, allied membership is a partnership with the AIA and the American Architectural Foundation. The AIA’s most prestigious honor is the designation of a member as a Fellow of the American Institute of Architects and this membership is awarded to members who have made contributions of national significance to the profession. Slightly more than 2,600, or 2% of all members, have elevated to the AIA College of Fellows. Foreign architects of prominence may be elected to the College as Honorary Fellows of the AIA, the AIA is governed by a Board of Directors and has a staff of over 200 full-time employees. Although the AIA functions as an organization, at its heart are some 300 local. The components are spread throughout the United States, United Kingdom, Europe, Japan, by speaking with a united voice, AIA architects influence government practices that affect the practice of the profession and the quality of American life. The AIA monitors legislative and regulatory actions and uses the power of its membership to participate in decisionmaking by federal, state
American Institute of Architects
–
The Octagon House
8.
London
–
London /ˈlʌndən/ is the capital and most populous city of England and the United Kingdom. Standing on the River Thames in the south east of the island of Great Britain and it was founded by the Romans, who named it Londinium. Londons ancient core, the City of London, largely retains its 1. 12-square-mile medieval boundaries. London is a global city in the arts, commerce, education, entertainment, fashion, finance, healthcare, media, professional services, research and development, tourism. It is crowned as the worlds largest financial centre and has the fifth- or sixth-largest metropolitan area GDP in the world, London is a world cultural capital. It is the worlds most-visited city as measured by international arrivals and has the worlds largest city airport system measured by passenger traffic, London is the worlds leading investment destination, hosting more international retailers and ultra high-net-worth individuals than any other city. Londons universities form the largest concentration of education institutes in Europe. In 2012, London became the first city to have hosted the modern Summer Olympic Games three times, London has a diverse range of people and cultures, and more than 300 languages are spoken in the region. Its estimated mid-2015 municipal population was 8,673,713, the largest of any city in the European Union, Londons urban area is the second most populous in the EU, after Paris, with 9,787,426 inhabitants at the 2011 census. The citys metropolitan area is the most populous in the EU with 13,879,757 inhabitants, the city-region therefore has a similar land area and population to that of the New York metropolitan area. London was the worlds most populous city from around 1831 to 1925, Other famous landmarks include Buckingham Palace, the London Eye, Piccadilly Circus, St Pauls Cathedral, Tower Bridge, Trafalgar Square, and The Shard. The London Underground is the oldest underground railway network in the world, the etymology of London is uncertain. It is an ancient name, found in sources from the 2nd century and it is recorded c.121 as Londinium, which points to Romano-British origin, and hand-written Roman tablets recovered in the city originating from AD 65/70-80 include the word Londinio. The earliest attempted explanation, now disregarded, is attributed to Geoffrey of Monmouth in Historia Regum Britanniae and this had it that the name originated from a supposed King Lud, who had allegedly taken over the city and named it Kaerlud. From 1898, it was accepted that the name was of Celtic origin and meant place belonging to a man called *Londinos. The ultimate difficulty lies in reconciling the Latin form Londinium with the modern Welsh Llundain, which should demand a form *lōndinion, from earlier *loundiniom. The possibility cannot be ruled out that the Welsh name was borrowed back in from English at a later date, and thus cannot be used as a basis from which to reconstruct the original name. Until 1889, the name London officially applied only to the City of London, two recent discoveries indicate probable very early settlements near the Thames in the London area
London
–
Palace of Westminster,
Buckingham Palace and
Central London skyline
London
London
London
–
The name London may derive from the
River Thames
9.
European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture
–
The Prize was created in 1987 as equal partnerships between the European Commission, the European Parliament and the Fundació Mies van der Rohe. The award is open to all the works completed in Europe within the period before the granting of the Prize. These works are submitted by independent experts, the national architecture associations, the five finalist works are visited by the Jury who chooses a Prize Winner and an Emerging Architect Winner. As of 2016, a new category, the Young Talent Architecture Award, highlights the final projects of recently graduated architects, landscape architects. List of architecture prizes YTAA website Fundació Mies van der Rohe website Creative Europe website
European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture
–
1988 - Banco Borges e Irmão by Alvaro Siza
European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture
–
1990 -
New Stansted Airport Terminal by Norman Foster
European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture
–
1992 -
Municipal Sports Stadium by Esteve Bonell and Francesc Rius
European Union Prize for Contemporary Architecture
–
1994 -
Waterloo International railway station by Nicholas Grimshaw
10.
Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
–
Copenhagen is a green city well endowed with open spaces. It has an extensive and well-distributed system of parks that act as venues for an array of events. As a supplement to the parks, there are a number of congenial public gardens. It is official policy in Copenhagen that all citizens by 2015 must be able to reach a park or beach on foot in less than 15 minutes. Kings Garden, the garden of Rosenborg Castle, is the oldest and most visited park in Copenhagen and its landscaping was commenced by Christian IV in 1606. Every year it more than 2.5 million visitors. It also serves as a garden with a permanent display of sculptures as well as temporary exhibits during summer. Just north of Kings Garden a series of make up a green strand running right through the centre of the city. Fælledparken in the part of the city is, at 58 hectares. Another popular park is the Frederiksberg Gardens, which is a 32-hectare romantic landscape park and it houses a large colony of very tame grey herons along with other waterfowl. The park also offers views of the elephants and the elephant house, designed by the world-famous British architect Norman Foster, some of Copenhagens newer parks draw from their position by the water. Amager Beach Park was founded in 1934, but in 2005 a 2. 4-kilometre-long artificial island was added, separated from the beach by a lagoon crossed by three bridges. It is official policy in Copenhagen that all citizens by 2015 must be able to reach a park or beach on foot in less than 15 minutes. In line with policy, several new parks are under development in areas poor in green spaces. One of those recently completed is Superkilen, a park for the ethnic inhabitants of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen. Besides the regular parks, a number of open to the general public serve as important green spaces in central Copenhagen. Now open to the public during daytime, characteristic of Copenhagen is that a number of cemeteries double as parks, though only for the more quiet activities such as sunbathing, reading and meditation. Assistens Cemetery, the place of Hans Christian Andersen among others, is an important green space for the district of Inner Nørrebro
Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
–
Ørstedsparken
Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
–
The Hercules Pavilion seen from the distance
Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
–
The building of
The Royal Library, Denmark, on
Slotsholmen which dates to 1906, viewed from the northwest
Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
–
Inside the Assistens Cemetery
11.
Amaliehaven
–
Amaliehaven is a small park located between Amalienborg Palace and the waterfront in the Frederiksstaden neighbourhood of central Copenhagen, Denmark. A relatively new park, it was established in 1983 as a gift from the A. P. Møller, the park is now part of the so-called Frederiksgade axis, the shorter but more distinctive of the two axes on which Frederiksstaden is centred. Amaliehaven is located on a site where there used to be an established in 1802 by a wealthy ship-owner named Lars Larsen. The shipyard and its large lumberyard were situated right beside Amalienborg Palace, in 1898 the Thingvalla Line was acquired by DFDS, another Danish based shipping company, and the Scandinavian-American passenger service was operated under the name Scandinavian America Line. The park is the result of a donation from the A. P. Møller, construction started in 1981 and it was inaugurated in 1983. The garden was designed by the Belgian landscape architect Jean Delogne, amaliehaven is a rectangular park built to a stringent, symmetrical design centred on a large fountain to respect and accentuate the Frederiksgade axis which unifies the entire area. On both sides of the fountain, the gardens continue on two levels, with shrubs and walls enclosing it from the waterfront on one side and the street on the other. The garden abounds with different varieties of plants and fragrant flowers whose colours, japanese cherry trees, blooming in April, plays a particularly distinctive role among the parks vegetation. Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
Amaliehaven
–
Amaliehaven
Amaliehaven
–
The park
Amaliehaven
–
Amaliehaven viewed from the water with the
Marble Church flanked by two of the mansions of
Amalienborg Palace as a backdrop
Amaliehaven
–
One of the four columns flanking the fountain
12.
Christianshavns Vold
–
Christianshavns Vold is a former rampart which was part of the bastioned fortification ring which used to surround Copenhagen, Denmark. Running along the full perimeter of Christianshavn and Holmen, it used to form a protective barrier towards the island of Amager. It consists of earthworks with 12 bastions and in front of it ran a moat, Stadsgraven, on the other side of Stadsgraven. On Amager, was a system of outworks called Christianshavns Enveloppe of which only the northern half survives. Along with Kastellet on the side of the harbour, it is the only intact part of the fortification system. Today Christianshavns Vold serves as an important greenspace for Christianshavns inhabitants, the southern half of the rampart is a municipal park whereas the northern portion is part of Freetown Christiania, a self-built, semi-autonomous community which has existed since the early 1970s. Part of Christiania is located on the far side of Stadsgraven, the town was laid out with low earthworks facing Amager. The rampart was constructed with four and a half bastions and a city gate, known as Amagerport, through which all traffic to, in the 1670s, when Vestervold was extended to reach the sea, Christiansvold was moved and extended to match the new course of Vestervold. Only the two northernmost bastions, today known as Løvens Bastion and Elefantens Bastion, remained on their original location, the new Christianshavns Vold had 5 very large bastions. Around the entire complex was a moat with a protecting counterscarp, from 1682-92 Christianshavns Vold was again extended this time in northwards, to guard the entrance to the harbour and protect the new base for the Royal Fleet at what was to become known as Nyholm. The extension included 7 new bastions, named for members of the Royal family, the last extension of Christianshavns Vold was constructed as late as 1878-82, when a rampart was constructed along the eastside of the newly reclaimed Refshaleø. Kalvebod Bastion takes its name after Kalveboderne, the waters which were located to the south of Copenhagen in what is now its Southern Docklands. Magasinbygningen, the larger of the two, is a two-storey, L-shaped storage building from 1800, the other one is a small forge from 1757. Both are today owned by Karberghus, a privately owned property which mainly invests in historic properties, the bastion contains a gunpowder magazine from c.1675 which was formerly used as a storage space by Copenhagen Municipalitys park authority. It now serves as club house for Qajaq København, a kayak cluv, the bastion has for centuries also housed various industrial enterprises. A large defunct chimney is left at the site, panterens Bastion contains a former military training facility for shooting with hand guns. The buildings, a complex of red brick buildings, has now converted into apartments. Am unnamed footbridge connects the bastion to Amager Boulevard on the side of Stadsgraven
Christianshavns Vold
–
A house on the
Christiania portion of the rampart
13.
University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
–
The University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden, usually referred to simply as Copenhagen Botanical Garden, is a botanical garden located in the centre of Copenhagen, Denmark. It covers an area of 10 hectares and is noted for its extensive complex of historical glasshouses dating from 1874. The garden is part of the Natural History Museum of Denmark and it serves both research, educational and recreational purposes. The botanical garden was first established in 1600 but it was moved twice before it was given its current location in 1870. It was probably founded to secure a collection of Danish medicinal plants after the Reformation had seen many convents, the first garden, known as Hortus Medicus, was created on 2 August 1600 by royal charter on a piece of land donated by the king, Christian IV. It was located in Skidenstræde and a residence for one of the professors of the university was built at the site. It rested upon the professor in residence to maintain the garden, the smaller western section, covering just under half a hectare, was equipped with a greenhouse while the eastern section remained largely unplanted. The garden was opened to the public in 1763, in 1770 part of Oeders Garden was put at the disposal of the Universitys botanical garden. The preceding year Christian VII had donated 2,500 thaler to the University and this had created the economical foundation for an enlargement but since there was no space for it at its original address, the off-site solution was ultimately opted for. Oeder became the Botanical Gardens first director, oeder was fired in 1771 in connection with the Johann Friedrich Struensee affair. Plans for this garden received royal approval on 22 July 1778 and it was to have two directors, one appointed by the University and the other by the King. The first University appointment to this post was Christian Friis Rottbøll, who had managed the garden since Oeders retirement. At the same event, a professor was employed at the garden. The first to hold this chair was Martin Vahl, who played a part in moving the plants from Oeders Garden to Charlottenborg Garden. In 1817, the model with a double directorship was abandoned when Jens Wilken Hornemann was made the director of the garden. At this stage the garden encompassed approximately 1.6 hectares in a low, waterlogged area that was bounded by Charlottenborg, Nyhavn, the Mint and Bremerholm. A main building was erected along the Nyhavn cabal, housing both a museum, a library and residences for the director and a botanical gardener. There were also facilities for the storage of sensitive plants during winter, the gardens first greenhouse, Guiones Koldhus, was erected in 1784
University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
–
The Palm House from 1874
University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
–
Georg Christian Oeder
University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
–
Plan of the former garden behind
Charlottenborg Palace (1847)
University of Copenhagen Botanical Garden
–
A view over the newly established Botanical Garden in the 1870s. Seen in the background are the Palm House and the
Municipal Hospital
14.
Rosenborg Castle Gardens
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Rosenborg Castle Gardens is the oldest and most visited park in central Copenhagen, Denmark. The park also plays host to art exhibitions and other events such as concerts throughout the summer. A drawing by Otto Heider from 1649, the oldest dated garden plan from Denmark, the garden contained a pavilion, statues, a fountain and various other features. Its plants included mulberries, wine, apples, pears, later in the century, as fashions changed, the garden was redesigned. A garden plan from 1669 show a garden maze, a feature of the Baroque garden. It had a system of paths which led to a central space with an octagonal summerhouse in its centre. The 12-hectare park is bounded by the streets Gothersgade, Øster Voldgade, Sølvgade and Kronprinsessegade, Rosenborg Castle is located in the north-western section of the park and is surrounded by a moat on three sides. The two main entrance are the Kings Gate at the corner of Gothersgade and Kronprinsessegade, and the Queens Gate at the corner of Øster Voldgade and Sølvgade, there are also four other entrances to the park. The tree-lined avenues were planted as part of Kriegers Baroque garden, special sections include the PerennialsGarden in front of the wall along Sølvgade and the Rose Garden. Rosenborg Barracks is located on the corner of Gothersgade and Øster Voldgade and was originally a pavilion, in 1709 they were built together to form one large orangery complex and in 1743 it was redesigned into the Baroque style by Johan Cornelius Krieger. From 1885 to 1886 it was converted for use by the Royal Life Guard by Engineer Officer Ernst Peymann, in 1985 they moved to new premises at Høvelte between Allerød and Birkerød and since Rosenborg Barracks has only housed guards on duty at Copenhagen. The Commandants House is located just left of the entrance to Rosenborg Castle. It was built from 1760 to 1763 to designs by Jacob Fortling, today the building plays host to special exhibitions. The building is used as an exhibition space. It was built in 1688 and extended with a story in 1777. The gateway affords access to the park, the Gartners House is attached to Slotsforvalterboligen. It was built around the same time The Hercules Pavilion stands at the end of Kavalergangen and it is flanked by two smaller niches with statues of Orpheus and Eurydice. The three statues were made by the Italian sculptor Giovanni Baratta and acquired by Frederik IV during his visit to Italy, along Kronprinsessegade and parts of Gothersgade, the park is enclosed by a wrought-iron grill incorporating 16 small pavilions, which opens to the street side
Rosenborg Castle Gardens
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A view of
Rosenborg Castle from Kongens Have
Rosenborg Castle Gardens
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Otto Heider's plan from 1649
Rosenborg Castle Gardens
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One of the avenues
Rosenborg Castle Gardens
15.
Royal Library Garden, Copenhagen
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It has a reputation for being one of the most tranquil spots in the city centre. The garden has a water basin with a water feature in the middle, blooming flower beds. It is accessible from the courtyard at Christiansborgs show grounds, the Library Garden is located on top of the former site of Christian IVs old Naval Harbour. The harbour was flanked by a housing the Tøjhus Museum—and a supply depot. Later the Navy was moved to Holmens Kanal and the old harbour was filled in 1867, the garden was designed in 1920 by landscape gardener Jens Peder Andersen and Christiansborgs architect Thorvald Jørgensen. The garden has a pool at its centre. In the middle of it stands an eight-metre-high copper sculpture which spouts out cascades of water on the hour, a 1918 bronze statue of Søren Kierkegaard by sculptor Louis Hasselriis is located in the middle of the gardens. Kierkegaard appears absorbed in his own thoughts with his gaze directed towards a point on the side of the wall where his fiancée. The wide variety of flowers in the change with the seasons. Visitors can enjoy the view from rows of benches in the shade of the trees or from out in the sun along the wall between the gardens and the yard to the Danish National Archives. Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
Royal Library Garden, Copenhagen
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The Library Garden with the Royal Library as the backdrop
Royal Library Garden, Copenhagen
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The water feature
Royal Library Garden, Copenhagen
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The Søren Kierkegaard statue
Royal Library Garden, Copenhagen
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View towards Christiansborg
16.
Tivoli Gardens
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Tivoli Gardens is a famous amusement park and pleasure garden in Copenhagen, Denmark. The park opened on 15 August 1843 and is the second-oldest operating amusement park in the world, after Dyrehavsbakken in nearby Klampenborg, also in Denmark. The amusement park was first called Tivoli & Vauxhall, Tivoli alluding to the Jardin de Tivoli in Paris and it is also mentioned in various books, like Number the Stars by Lois Lowry. Tivolis founder, Georg Carstensen, obtained a charter to create Tivoli by telling King Christian VIII that when the people are amusing themselves. The monarch granted Carstensen use of roughly 15 acres of the glacis outside Vesterport for an annual rent. Therefore, until the 1850s, Tivoli was outside the city, after dark, colored lamps illuminated the gardens. On certain evenings, specially designed fireworks could be reflected in Tivolis lake. Composer Hans Christian Lumbye was Tivolis musical director from 1843 to 1872, Lumbye was inspired by Viennese waltz composers like the Strauss family, and became known as the Strauss of the North. Many of his compositions are inspired by the gardens, including Salute to the Ticket Holders of Tivoli, Carnival Joys. The Tivoli Symphony Orchestra still performs many of his works, in 1874, Chinese style Pantomimeteatret took the place of an older smaller theatre. The audience stands in the open, the stage being inside the building, the theatres curtain is a mechanical peacocks tail. From the very beginning, the theatre was the home of Italian pantomimes, the absence of spoken dialogue is an advantage, as Tivoli is now an international tourist attraction. In the late 19th and early 20th century, Tivoli also hosted human exhibitions, in 1943, Nazi sympathisers burnt many of Tivolis buildings, including the concert hall, to the ground. Temporary buildings were constructed in their place and the park was back in operation after a few weeks, Tivoli is always evolving without abandoning its original charm or traditions. It will continue to grow as long as there is left in the world. In Swedish, tivoli has become synonymous with any amusement park, the park is best known for its wooden roller coaster, Rutschebanen, or as some people call it, Bjergbanen, built in 1914. It is one of worlds oldest wooden coasters that is still operating today. An operator controls the ride by braking down the hills so it wont gain too much speed and it is an ACE Coaster Classic
Tivoli Gardens
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The entrance to Tivoli, illuminated at night
Tivoli Gardens
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Tivoli's pirate ship, c. 1900
Tivoli Gardens
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Dragon Boat lake and
Dæmonen roller coaster in the background
Tivoli Gardens
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Harlekin and Columbine at The Pantomime Theatre
17.
Amager Strandpark
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Amager Strandpark is a seaside public park in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is located on the island of Amager and includes an artificial island, from the beach, the Middelgrunden wind farm can be seen on the horizon. The park was founded in 1934 and in 2005 a 2 km-long artificial island was added, the island is separated from the original beach by a lagoon which is crossed by three bridges. The northern section has a beach environment with winding paths, broad sandy beaches. The southern section offers a so-called city beach with a broad promenade, there is also a small marina and parking facilities at the southern end. The lagoon has low-water areas for children as well as a 1,000 m swimming course, the area is used for, runners, swimmers and kayakers, among many others. From a small headland, it is possible to go diving, there is also an area for outdoor fitness training. A grassy area at the end of the park, known as femøren, is often used for open-air rock concerts in summer. There are also many Danish skaters, who skate there, the American pro skater Torey Pudwill also has a picture-ad, where he kick-flips down double set stairs at Bunker 2. Øresund is a strait which allows rather fast temperature rises. Possible bathing season is between mid-May and mid-September, however, to reach fairly good bathing temperatures in the afternoons, air temperature needs to be above 25 °C for about a week in May, while just a few days of heat is enough in August. During longer heat waves, water temperatures rise above 22 °C during the period of late June until early September. The water quality is very good. All local outlets to Øresund has been cleaned and disinfected since the 1970s. Water salinity is highly dependent on the current, with northbound current salinity may drop down a bit below 10 PSU, but with southbound current salinity rises to above 25 PCU, not so far from the northern Atlantic salinity of 30–33 PCU. The park is served by three stations, Øresund station to the north, Femøren station to the south. All stations are on the M2 line of the Copenhagen Metro and it is also easily reached on bicycle in about 15 minutes from the city centre. Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen Copenhagen Harbour Baths Bellevue Beach Official website
Amager Strandpark
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Kitesurfers at Amager Strandpark
18.
Havneparken
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Havneparken is a public park located directly on the waterfront in the district of Islands Brygge in central Copenhagen, Denmark. It is one of the most lively and popular places along the Copenhagen harbourfront, the park is also the location of the Islands Brygge Cultural Centre and the Islands Brygge Harbour Bath. The first plans to transform the area into a park was conceived by local grassroots in 1978, in 1983-84, an area of 1 hectare, located just south of Langebro, was put at the disposal of Islands Brygge Local Council. In 1995, the park was extended with an additional 2,8 hectares of waterfront, in 2002 a temporary harbour bath was constructed and the following year, it was replaced by a larger and permanent harbour bath. Islands Brygge Cultural Centre is a community centre, located in the middle of the Harbour Park. It was built in 2000 as a replacement for a cultural centre that was demolished as part of the redevelopment of the northernmost part of the Islands Brygge neighbourhood. The centre has a restaurant and arranges a multitude of cultural activities, islandsbrygge Harbour Bath is a public swimming facility, located in the water off the northern part of the park. Built to the design of architects Julien de Smedt and Bjarke Ingels in 2003, it has a total of 5 pools, there are two pools dedicated to children, two 50 metre pools for swimming and a diving pool with three and five metre springboards. Pinen is a bandstand, constructed by resting a hull turned upside-down on two columns, the ship is a former Limfjord ferry, Pinen, built in 1954. It operated between the island Mors and the Salling Peninsula until 1978, when the Sallingsund Bridge was constructed, Pinen was torn down 2011 after 15 years of neglected repair. In the redevelopment of the area, a number of existing industrial structures was preserved and incorporated into the design of the park. This was done to commemorate the history of the site and to create a sense of place, havneparken is one of the most popular places in Copenhagen to enjoy good weather and the quayside serves as an esplanade popular with strollers. Apart from swimming at the bath, the park also contains facilities for a number of other sports. These include facilities for skateboarding and streetbasket as well as beach volleyball, the park also has a playground. The park is home to many open-air concerts, either performed at the bandstand or a variety of other locations. Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
Havneparken
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The park seen from the water
Havneparken
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Islands Brygge Cultural Centre
Havneparken
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The Harbour Bath
Havneparken
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Industrial structure at Havneparken
19.
Kastrup Strandpark
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Kastrup Strandpark is a waterfront park on the east coast of Amager in Copenhagen, Denmark. It is situated between the larger Amager Strandpark to the north and the National Aquarium Denmark and the Scanport development to the south, the park was established on reclaimed land in connection with the construction of the new Kastrup Marina. The project was designed by Friis & Moltke in collaboration with the landscape architect Erik Mygind, Kastrup Sea Bath was built in 204–05 to a design by White Architects. It consists of the building on the water, a new beach and a service building with lavatories. In 2009 it received a medal from the olympic committee in the swimming venues category. Two sculptures are found in the park, an unnamed sculpture by Søren Georg Jensen was donated by Louisiana Museum of Modern Art in 1981. Jørgen Haugen Sørensens granite sculpture Kolossen is a donation from the Ny Carlsberg Foundation and it is 7.2 metres tall and weights 69 tons
Kastrup Strandpark
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Kastrup Søbad.
20.
Bispebjerg
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Bispebjerg, more commonly referred to as Nordvest, is one of the 10 official districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. Located on the border of the municipality, it covers an area of 5.39 km². More specifically, Bispebjerg refers to a neighbourhood within the district. Bispebjerg covers an area of 5.39 km² and has a population of 40,033, the name Bispebjerg is known from 1681 as Biszebierg. A windmill was built in the area in 1808, Bispebjerg was together with the rest of Brønshøj merged with Copenhagen in 1901. Bispebjerg Cemetery opened in 1903 and Bispebjerg Hospital was built between 1908 and 1913, the district was generally built over with a combination of residential neighbourhoods and industry in the 1920s and 1930s. Bispebjerg station Bispebjerg Hospital City of Copenhagen’s statistical office Map of so-called ghetto areas in central Copenhagen
Bispebjerg
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Grundtvig's Church
21.
Bispebjerg Cemetery
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Bispebjerg Cemetery, established in 1903 on the moderately graded north slope of Bispebjerg Hill, is the youngest of five municipal cemeteries in Copenhagen, Denmark. The main entrance to the cemetery is located in front of the monumental Grundtvigs Church from, a tall poplar avenue extends from the main entrance towards Utterslev Mose in the west. The old chapel has been converted into a centre for dance and is now known as Dansekapellet, Bispebjerg Cemetery was established in 1903 to release the pressure on Copenhagens other cemeteries. The plan was designed by Edvard Glæsel, the architect Andreas Clemmensen had designed most of the buildings in the cemetery. Clemmensen also designed the East Chapel which was extended by Tyge Hvass in 1930, the old crematory was designed by Holger Jacobsen as the result of an architectural competition. The building was completed in 1907 with inspiration from Roman architecture, and later extended in 1915-16 and 1932-34. The building has now converted into a venue for modern dance. Holger Jacobsen has also designed a cluster of buildings in the corner of the cemetery. They date from 1916 and were used for purposes and personnel. Tyge Hvass added a building in 1935 and was also responsible for a larger extension of Jacobsens buildings I1945. A new crematory was inaugurated on 14 January 2003, the building was designed by Friis & Moltke. The old communal burial site features a monument by Holger Jacobsen, the new communal burial site features a sculpture by Knud Nellemose. The Swedish section was established in 1927 and moved to the current location in Section 5 in 1957 and it was designed by Sven-Ingvar Andersson. Other special sections are dedicated to Swedish, Russian, Catholic, there is also a columbarium with a special room dedicated to Buddhist urns. In the southwestern corner of the cemetery is a dedicated to Danish soldiers, police officers. The complex was designed by city architect Poul Holsøe and features a monument created by the sculptor Povl Søndergaard, another monument commemorates the resistance fighters who died at two incidents on 29 August 1943 and 19 September 1944. It was designed by Povl Søndergaard in 1947, the area also features a group of graves of British soldiers with traditional British headstones and a Cross of Sacrifice. Many of the interred were members of British aircraft that were shot down over Zealand
Bispebjerg Cemetery
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Vestre Cemetery
22.
Utterslev Mose
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It is surrounded by the neighbourhoods Brønshøj, Tingbjerg, Utterslev, Søborg and Emdrup. It is known for its bird life and has a dense network of walking and cycling trails. Utterslev Mose was originally one big, shallow-watered lake which formed at the end of the last Ice Age and it was used in Copenhagens water supply from the 16th century until 1849. It has also used for peat harvesting. Utterslev Mose was formally part of the West Wall a defensive line around Copenhagen that was part of the fortifications of Copenhagen, the west wall was closed in 1920 and turned into a recreational area. Utterslev Mose was converted into a park between 1939 and 1943. Lakes were dug out, canals established and a number of reed islands created to provide nesting grounds for wild birds, the park was protected in 2000. Utterslev Mose has an area of 200 hectares of which 97 hectares are covered by water, a circuit of the three lakes Vestmosen, Midtmosen and Østmosen as well as Højmosen in the northeastern corner is about nine kilometres long. Utterslev Mose has a population of wild birds. Utterslev Utteslev Mose - Copenhagen Municipality Website
Utterslev Mose
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One of the central lakes
23.
Frederiksberg Gardens
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Frederiksberg Gardens is one of the largest and most attractive greenspaces in Copenhagen, Denmark. Together with the adjacent Søndermarken it forms an area of 64 hectares at the western edge of Inner Copenhagen. It is a landscape garden designed in the English style. Frederiksberg Gardens was established by King Frederik IV in connection with the construction of Frederiksberg Palace as his new summer retreat on high grounds atop Valby Hill. Work on the began in the last half of the 1690s with inspiration from Italy and France which Frederick. He commissioned the eminent Swedish architect Nicodemus Tessin to draw a proposal and the plan was subsequently made by Hans Heinrich Scheel. The plan involved a parterre with a system of cascades on the sloping terrain in front of the new palace. It was fed by a complicated but inefficient system of pumps which never came to work properly. In the end, Johan Cornelius Krieger, who was at the time working on an extension and adaption of Fredensborg Palace. Unusually of the time, he gave up the parterre completely, in the 1790s, as fashion changed, the park was adapted into an English landscape garden. P. Petersen created a new plan in 1795. He created a typical English-style landscape garden with winding lawns, lakes, canals and spinneys as well as grottos, temples, pavilions, the final result may well have been based on Johan Ludwig Mansas book on English-style gardening written in 1798. Frederik VI was particularly fond of the garden, from 1804, he sailed the canals in a gondola. Not until 1865 did access to the park become unrestricted, in line with what was the case elsewhere in the city, smørrebrødsplænen, on the corner of Toskildevej and Pile Allé, where K. B. s tennis halls are today, became a popular picnic destination. Frederiksberg Gardens is an English-style Romantic landscape garden with winding paths, canals, lakes, small islands, a large variety of plants and birds can be seen, including mute swans, greylag geese, mallards, grey herons, and Canada geese. Typically of the landscape garden, the park houses two follies, waterfalls, grottos and other garden features. The gate was designed by Lauritz de Thurah who had become general master builder after Eigtveds death, the vases at the top of the two sandstone pillars were executed by the sculptor Johann Friedrich Hännel. The gate opens to a path which passes between two long, yellow buildings with white details and they are the two surviving wings of the Princes House
Frederiksberg Gardens
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Frederiksberg Gardens with Frederiksberg Palace
Frederiksberg Gardens
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The parterre in front of the palace in 1718
Frederiksberg Gardens
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Plan of the park in 1760
Frederiksberg Gardens
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Plan by P. Petersen from 1795 of the Romantic landscape garden
24.
Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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Assistens Cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark, is the burial site of a large number of Danish notables as well as an important greenspace in the Nørrebro district. Among the latter are the Nobel Prize-winning physicist Niels Bohr and a number of American jazz musicians who settled in Copenhagen during the 1950s and 1960s, including Ben Webster and Kenny Drew. The cemetery is one of five run by Copenhagen Municipality, the cemeteries are Vestre Cemetery, Brønshøj Cemetery, Sundby Cemetery. In Medieval times intramural interment was the rule although outdoor graveyards gradually became more common, in 1666 the Naval Holmens Cemetery was moved from its original location at Church of Holmen to a site outside the Eastern City Gate as the first burial facility to be located outside the city. An outbreak of plague in 1711 which killed an estimated 23,000 citizens put the burial sites under so much pressure that up to five coffins were sometimes buried on top of each other. After some negotiations it was decided to place it outside the Northern City Gate, the new cemetery was inaugurated on 6 November 1760. It was enclosed by a built by Philip de Lange. Originally the cemetery was intended as a ground for paupers. Simon, der dort Gräber ist, gesprochen habe and he was soon followed by other leading figures from the elite and the cemetery soon developed into the most mondain burial ground of the city. Around that time, excursions to the cemetery with picnic baskets and it is certainly one of the most beautiful graveyards in Europe. The excursions sometimes evolved into rowdy gatherings and legislation was passed to prevent this, a commission established in 1805 issued instructions which prohibited the consumption of food or drink as well as music or any other kind of cheerful behaviour in the cemetery. The gravediggers, who lived on the premises, were to enforce these restrictions, legislation from 1813 prohibited them to sell alcohol to visitors to the cemetery. Despite all these efforts, the peace and quiet was a long time in coming. For particularly grand funerals, crowds of spectators would gather, to reduce numbers of visitors, there was talk of introducing admission fees, but this was never carried out. The oldest part is Section A and features the graves of Søren Kierkegaard, Section D is dedicated to religious minorities, containing Roman Catholic and Reformed graves as well as Russian graves. Section E is the section which served under Church of Our Lady. Apart from the permanent exhibition, the museum contains an exhibition space for special exhibitions, a picture workshop for children and young people
Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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Assistens Cemetery
Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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Reading in the grass
Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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The gate at Jagtvej
Assistens Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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Danish author
Hans Christian Andersen 's grave (replaced memorial stone)
25.
Jewish Northern Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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The Jewish Northern Cemetery in Nørrebro was formerly the principal Jewish cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark. It has an area of 13,500 square metres and contains some 5,500 burials, the Jewish congregation in Copenhagen purchased a 900 square metre site outside the city for use as a burial site in the early 1690s. The oldest burial in the cemetery is from 1694, further acquisitions of land had brought the cemetery up to its current size by 1854 but it was still passed out of use when a new Jewish cemetery opened in connection with the new Vestre Cemetery. The brick wall which surrounds the cemetery on three sides, along Møllegade, Guldbergsgade and Birkegade, was built in 1873 to a design by Vilhelm Tvede. The cemetery was listed in 1983
Jewish Northern Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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The gatehouse
26.
Churchillparken
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Churchillparken is a public park in Copenhagen, Denmark, occupying a tract of land between Kastellet, a 17th-century fortress, and the street Esplanaden. St. Albans Church, the Anglican church in Copenhagen, access to Kastellet through its main entrance, The Kings Gate, is also reached through the park. The grounds were part of the esplanade which surrounded Kastellet. In the 1880s, after Kastellet had lost its role in the defence of the city. After World War II the site was chosen as the home of the Museum of Danish Resistance which was completed in 1957. Over the next few years, several war memorials were erected in the area which finally, in 1965, the namesake of the park, Winston Churchill, is commemorated with a bust designed by Oscar Nemon from 1955. Another bust, designed by Svend Lindhard and placed outside the Resistance Museum, commemorates Major Anders Lassen, the only Dane to have received the Victoria Cross for his efforts in World War II. Lindhard is also the artist behind a Memorial to fallen Danish soldiers in the Allied Forces, which stands on Sjællands Ravelin and it depicts a soldier in English uniform. The park also features a statue of a valkyrie, a female figure in Norse mythology who chooses who will die and battle and brings her chosen to Valhalla. It was designed by Stephan Sinding and executed in Paris in 1908 but is based on a sketch from 1872. A smaller version in painted wood, metal and coloured stone was exhibited in 1901 and another version from 1910, in bronze, parks and open spaces in Copenhagen
Churchillparken
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Churchill Park seen from Kastellet
Churchillparken
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Our Fallen by Sven Lindhard
Churchillparken
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Valkyrie (1908) by
Stephan Sinding
Churchillparken
27.
Garnisons Cemetery
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Garnisons Cemetery is a cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark. Later the cemetery was opened to civilian burials as well, Garnisons Cemetery is an independent cemetery, managed by the parochial church council, placed under the armys highest authority. Burials began the year but the site, former marshland, was rather unsuitable for the purpose since ground water levels made it hard to bury the bodies in sufficiently deep grounds. In 1671 some improvements were made when the site was enclosed by pallisades and ditches, during the first decades, the cemetery remained relatively little used. In 1706 Garnisons Church was built on Sankt Annæ Plads and in 1723 the Soldiers Cemetery received its current name, in 1711 Copenhagen was struck by an outbreak of plague which killed an estimated 23,000 citizens. From 1720 Garnisons Cemetery was officially opened to civilian burials, the cemetery was neglected and gradually fell into despair. In 1812 it was renovated and from then on began to more prominent citizens. One of the characteristics of the cemetery, are the many old graves, still owned by families. The cemetery contains one Commonwealth war grave of World War II, danish-born British Army Brigadier Percy Hansen, a Victoria Cross recipient, is also buried here
Garnisons Cemetery
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Garnisons Cemetery
Garnisons Cemetery
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Detail from old map showing the location of Garnisons Cemetery outside the Eastern City Gate
28.
Holmens Cemetery
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Holmens Cemetery is the oldest cemetery still in use in Copenhagen, Denmark. It was first located next to the naval Church of Holmen in the city centre, the cemetery originally served as a burial site for indigent sailors in royal service and their families, complementing the military Garnisons Cemetery, from 1711 located on a neighbouring site. When the anchor forge at Bremerholm was converted into a church by Christian IV in 1619. The grounds had already been in use as a cemetery since 1662 but was inaugurated as the new Holmens Cemetery in 1666, the existing layout of the cemetery was created by sær F. C. Schmidt in 1798. The chapel at Holmens Cemetery was built in 1902 to the design of architect and he favoured the Historicist styles and in Copenhagen he had already designed St. James Church in a Gothic Revival style and St. Mathews Cgurch in a Romanesque Revival style. In his design of the chapel at Holmens Cemetery he relied on traditional Nordic stave churches for inspiration, there is a memorial for naval personnel killed in the Battle of Copenhagen from 1802. It consists of a tumulus topped by an obelisk designed by Johannes Wiedewelt, parks and open spaces in Copenhagen Official web site
Holmens Cemetery
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The Battle of Copenhagen Memorial
Holmens Cemetery
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The chapel from 1902
Holmens Cemetery
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From Holmens Cemetery
29.
Kastellet, Copenhagen
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Kastellet, located in Copenhagen, Denmark, is one of the best preserved star fortresses in Northern Europe. It is constructed in the form of a pentagram with bastions at its corners, Kastellet was continuous with the ring of bastioned ramparts which used to encircle Copenhagen but of which only the ramparts of Christianshavn remain today. A number of buildings are located within the grounds of Kastellet, the area houses various military activities but it mainly serves as a public park and a historic site. King Christian IV of Denmark initiated Kastellet’s construction in 1626 with the building of an advanced post, at that time the fortifications only reached as far north as present day Nørreport station, and then returned south east to meet the coast at Bremerholm, the Royal Shipyard. However, part of the plan was to expand the area of the fortified city by abandoning the old East Rampart. This plan was not completed until the mid-1640s, shortly after King Frederick III succeeded King Christian IV, after the Swedish siege on Copenhagen the Dutch engineer Henrik Rüse was called in to help rebuild and extend the construction. The fortification was named Citadellet Frederikshavn, but it is known as Kastellet. Kastellet was part of the defense of Copenhagen against England in the Battle of Copenhagen, christen Købke, Danish painter associated with the Golden Age of Danish Painting, grew up in Kastellet and made many paintings of the area. During the German invasion of Denmark on 9 April 1940, German troops landing at the nearby harbor captured The Citadel without resistance, Kastellet was renovated 1989–1999 with funds from the A. P. Møller and Wife Chastine McKinney Møllers General Fund. The Citadel has two gates, Kings Gate on the side, facing the city, and Norway Gate on the north side of the edifice. They are built in the Dutch Baroque style, and are on their interior side flanked by guardhouses, the Kings Gate is decorated with garlands and pilasters, and a bust of King Frederik III. The clock and two bells on the facade of the gate come from the Central Guard House at Kongens Nytorv and were installed in 1874 when the central guard moved to the Citadel. In front of the gate stand two so-called caponiers from where it was possible to keep assaulting troops under fire, the Norway Gate used to face open countryside outside the city, and has therefore been built to a more simple design. The caponiers of this gate were demolished in the late 19th century, the five bastions are named as follows, The King’s Bastion, The Queen’s Bastion, The Count’s Bastion, the Princess’s Bastion and the Prince’s Bastion. Smedelinien is a system of outworks, separating the inner and the moat, located to the south. It consisted of four ravelins and three counter guard interconnected by long, low earthworks, on Fyns Ravelin, one of the namesake forges has been preserved and is now used by the park authorities. Another forge was built on Falsters Counter Guard in 1709, rebuilt in 1888, it now serves as residence of military employees. The Commanders House served as the residence of the commander of Kastellet and it was built in 1725 in the Baroque style by architect and master builder Elias Häuser who also designed the first Christiansborg Palace which burned in 1794
Kastellet, Copenhagen
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The church and the mill, two of the buildings at Kastellet
Kastellet, Copenhagen
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The Citadel in 1648, with an enclosed dock
Kastellet, Copenhagen
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Outside view of the King's Gate
Kastellet, Copenhagen
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The interior side of the North Gate
30.
Langelinie
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Langelinie is a pier, promenade and park in central Copenhagen, Denmark, and home of the statue of The Little Mermaid. The area has for centuries been a destination for excursions. Most cruise ships arriving in Copenhagen also berth at Langelinie Pier, for a long time, the stretch was a military area where civilians were not granted unrestricted access. Under a general order from 1819, soldiers were required to throw water in the head and on the breast, eventually a beach promenade and a park for the Bourgeoisie were made but with access only on the payment of a toll to keep the more common people out. Not until an uprising in 1848 did the area become open to everybody. The expansion of the city and the increasing industrialization soon made it clear that the harbour was becoming too small. In a plan from 1862 it was decided to dig out the area to access for the largest ocean-going vessels. A suggestion to make all of Amager into a zone was abolished. The beginning of the work was prompted by Germanys construction of the Kiel Canal that was begun in 1887, in 1894 the work was completed and Copenhagen had got an entirely new harbourfront. Langelinie became now a pier on the side of that harbour basin. The Langelinie Park stretches from Esplanaden in the south to Langelinie Marina, formally, it includes Kastellet although this site is generally referred to under its own name. The park contains numerous monuments, buildings, a marina, statues, among these are the Gefion Fountain, the Ivar Huitfeldt Column and The Little Mermaid. Langelinie Marina was established in the 1890s in connection with the foundation of the Free Port, Copenhagen rowing clubs have for many years had their base at the marina. Today only B&Ws and DFDS are left after ØKs passed their premises to Langelinie Marinas Boat Huild, the Langelinie Pier has a water depth allowing big ocean-going vessels to tie up. The area has a number of statues and memorials and these include a cast bronze sculpture polar bear with cubs and memorials for MS Jutlandia, Ludvig Mylius-Erichsen. The polar bear has some bullet holes at the head and they were made by a German soldier under the Occupation of Denmark
Langelinie
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The Langelinie Promenade
Langelinie
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Christen Købke: A view from
Kastellet 's rampart towards Langelinie and the
Naval Base c. c. 1832
Langelinie
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Langelinie Marina
Langelinie
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Langelinie seen from the water
31.
Ryvangen Memorial Park
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The location in Ryvangen, which means rye field, was acquired in 1893 by the army for a barracks and exercise field. On 29 August 1943, when the Danish cooperation with Germany broke down the German occupying forces seized the army, while the German army used the barracks for themselves, part of the exercise field was used as an execution and burial site for members of the Danish resistance. The execution site consisted of three poles to which the condemned were tied and executed by firing squad. In a number of cases, the parish registers cited below state that the remains were brought to the Department of Forensic Medicine of the university of Copenhagen for an inquest. 27 bodies were actually found weeks after 5 May, with 25 found between one and two months after the liberation, one of the bodies found could not be identified while one exhumed body was identified as a Rottenführer of the SS. The inquests at the Department of Forensic Medicine showed that at least 19 men mentioned in the registers of Bethlehem, Bispebjerg, Holmen, Vor Frelser, Års. Markus, Ålborg were executed with shots to the chest, with seven men each receiving from three to seven gunshot wounds, after the liberation the site was converted to a cemetery and memorial park for the resistance members who were executed there or were otherwise killed. In connection with the burials there, the site was referred to as Mindekirkegaarden i Ryvangen, the bereaved could choose to have the remains buried at the memorial park or at a cemetery closer to home. Bishop Hans Fuglsang-Damgaard inaugurated the park as a cemetery with the Danish Royal Family, in the center of the grave field lies a memorial stone for the 91 resistance members who were exhumed in Ryvangen and buried in a cemetery closer to home. The remains of 31 Danes who died in German prisons and concentration camps are also buried here, the pergola along the eastern border of the park has a memorial wall with 151 plaques, one for each of the 151 Danish resistance members whose remains have never been found. On 24 December 1949 the newly formed Home Guard held a service for the victims of the occupation in the memorial park. Every Christmas Eve since then the Home Guard holds a service there. Arne Sørensen, minister for ecclesiastical affairs, took the initiative to create the park at the former execution. The park was designed by Kaj Gottlob, the garden by Aksel Andersen, on 5 May 1950, five years after the liberation, the park was finished and officially inaugurated. On every liberation day since then, the Comrades Help Foundation holds a service in the park. The sculptor Axel Poulsen created the monument For Denmark / The mother with the slain son located centrally in the park, in addition to the tombstones, the park has a number of memorial stones and plaques, with a large communal plaque at the center. At the execution site the wooden poles were replaced by bronze duplicates. The inscription translates literally to, Boys you boys who died You lit for Denmark in the darkest gloom a shining rosy dawn, in addition to the 105 resistance members listed below, Harald Christensen was buried in Mindelunden on 29 August 1945
Ryvangen Memorial Park
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Entrance to Mindelunden.
Ryvangen Memorial Park
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The pistol firing range.
Ryvangen Memorial Park
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Burial site
Ryvangen Memorial Park
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Execution site with commemorative plaque
32.
Valby Park
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Valby Park is a park in Valby, Copenhagen. It serves as the Copenhagen venue for the travelling Grøn Koncert festival, the park is situated at the site of the former Valby Fælled, which was used as landfill between 1913 and 1937. It was converted to a park between 1937 and 1939, and opened to the public on September 1,1939. Due to fuel shortages during World War II, much of the park was dug up in 1941–42 to search for coke, the park was officially designated as a protected area on May 3,1966. In connection with Copenhagen being the 1996 European City of Culture,17 circular themed gardens were established in the park, Valby Park at Københavnergrøn/Copenhagen Green Valby Park at VisitCopenhagen Valbyparken at Stay. com
Valby Park
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The perennials garden (staudehaven) in Valby Park.
33.
Enghaveparken
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Enghaveparken is a public park in the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was laid out in the late 1920s to cater for the citizens of the expanding city, the park is designed in the Neoclassical style. It has grassy lawns, flower beds and contains a bandstand, in the late 19th century, the Royal Danish Horticultural Society established 478 allotments in Dronningens Enghave at the site where Enghaveparken lies today. Tredje Natur has won a competition to redesign the park, the slightly rectangular park is divided into six spaces, a water garden, a rose garden, a perennial garden, a sports section, a playground and a meeting place. Along its central axis, in front of the entrance which faces Enghavevej. It is popular with ducks and grey heron which come from a colony on an island in close-by Frederiksberg Park. At the extreme far end of the axis, opposite the main entrance. It was designed by later famous Danish Modernist architect and designer Arne Jacobsen who spend his two first years after leaving architecture school working at Poul Holsøes office and it is one of his only Neoclassical works. A year later he opened his own practice and built his first Modernist building, the bandstand is decorated with figure reliefs by Aage Nielsen-Edwin, depicting Apollo and the Nine Muses. In front of the entrance stands the statue Venus med Æblet by Kai Nielsen. The tight budget only allowed for this piece of art at the time of the inauguration. Nielsen was popular with the Danish Neoclassical movement of the time, his work for instance dominates Carl Petersens Faaborg Museum, in 1933, Einar Utzon-Franks statue Ungdom was added. The park is popular with locals for sunbathing or picnicking and it also has facilities for skater hockey, basketball, football and pétanque. The bandstand is used for open-air concerts. Parks and open spaces in Copenhagen Enghaveparken on Google maps Enghavevej
Enghaveparken
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Enghaveparken
Enghaveparken
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Arne Jacobsen 's band stand
Enghaveparken
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A panorama of the park with the tower of
Church of Christ visible in the background
34.
J. C. Jacobsen Garden
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Jacobsen Garden, also known as the Academy Garden, is a public garden in the Carlsberg area of Copenhagen, Denmark. The main entrance is through a pergola on the side of the Tap E building. The garden was originally the garden of J. C. Jacobsen, the founder of Carlsberg Breweries. The garden plan was created by landscape architect Rudolph Rothe, a friend of Jacobsen who also took great personal interest in its design. He brought home inspiration as well as varieties of trees. Soil from the construction of the extensive system of cellars was utilized to create topographical variation. When the house came to host the Carlsberg Academy, the garden became known as the Academy Garden. The garden is a landscape garden. It is shielded from the surroundings by trees and hedges and contains winding paths, lawns, the garden boasts many rare varieties of trees and plants and a number of trees date from its foundation. A survey conducted in 1977 found that the garden contains 77 varieties of plants, at its bottom, as seen from the J. C. Jacobsen House, the garden is terminated by a known as the Hanging Gardens. It consists of a series of terraced roof gardens created by a system of walls in ornamental brickwork. The Hanging Gardens was listed in 2008 and will be incorporated into the design of a residential highrise to be constructed there
J. C. Jacobsen Garden
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The Hanging Gardens at the bottom of the garden
35.
Skydebanehaven
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Skydebanehaven is a small public park in the heart of the Vesterbro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. Its name refers to the shooting range of the Royal Copenhagen Shooting Society which used to be located on the site. The most distinctive feature of the park is the Neo-Gothic Shooting Range Wall which was constructed in 1887 to shield traffic on Istedgade from stray bullets. The other end of the park is bounded by the rear of the headquarters of the Shooting Society. In 1782 the society acquired a 3.5 hectare piece of land, the society also built a mansion, completed in 1787, which was to serve as a venue for its active social life. In 1887 a tall wall was constructed to shield newly established Istedgade from stray bullets from the shooting range, the wall was designed by the architect Ludvig Knudsen in a Neo-Gothic style. Knudsen also modernized the interior of the Shooting Societys mansion in the 1890s, in 1949 the Society moved to Sølyst Manor at Klampenborg north of Copenhagen, while the City acquired the rest of the property on Vesterbrogade. The park contains a playground, lawns and flower beds
Skydebanehaven
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The park with the Shooting Range Wall as a backdrop
Skydebanehaven
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The upper part of Skydebanemuren in the 1890s
36.
Vestre Cemetery
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Vestre Cemetery is located in a large park setting in the Kongens Enghave district of Copenhagen, Denmark. With its 54 hectares it is the largest cemetery in Denmark, beautifully landscaped, it also serves as an important open space, popular for people to take a stroll, and look at the old graves and monuments. It is located southwest of the city center, between the Enghave, Sydhavn, Sjælør and Valby train stations on Copenhagens S-train system, the cemetery is one of five run by Copenhagen municipality. The other cemeteries are Assistens Cemetery, Brønshøj Cemetery, Sundby Cemetery, the cemetery has a Catholic section, and next to that is a Jewish cemetery. Vestre Kirkegård was opened on 2 November 1870 to accommodate an urgent need for adequate burial places for the population of Copenhagen. Assistens Cemetery, till then the cemetery of the city, had long been unable to cope with the increasing number of burials. First a burial place for the poor, Vestre Kirkegaard became the burial place during the 1990s. The cemetery is noted for its scenery, offers a maze of dense groves, open lawns, winding paths, hedges, overgrown tombs, monuments, tree-lined avenues, ponds. Many graves have distinctive gravestones, sculptures or large mausoleums and are eclectically placed, the cemeterys grounds boast a huge variety of trees with many rare species and is a heaven to birds and small mammals. Almost all the buildings in the grounds have been designed by Hans Jørgen Holm or Holger Jacobsen who succeeded him as resident architect for the Copenhagen Burial Services, Holm designed both the North Chapel and South Chapel as well as an office building the gate at the main entrance. It is unclear who were responsible for the design of the former inspectors house just inside the main entrance, the East Chapel was inaugurated in 1914 to a design by Holger Jacobsen but only remained in use until 1926. The Crossroads Project, designed by Schønher Landskab, is a project centred on the remains of the West Chapel. The complex is intended to serve a dual purpose both relating to the function as a burial place and as an open space and meeting place in the city. The complex consists of two intersecting axes with the former Southern Chapel in its centre, the chapel was partly demolished, leaving only the central part as an open pavilion-like domed structure. The building is partly overgrown by ivy, the surrounding garden spaces of the two axes, creating a Greek cross, are confined by tall yew hedges and have a grass surface. Embedded in the lawns of the arms are narrow, rust coloured paths made of oxidized iron plates. At the end of each arm is a 9 metre tall rust coloured iron arch. The design of the project is inspired by Bramantes Tempietto in Rome, the latter is characterized by the garden being contained in the two axes of the garden, instead of the axes being the connecting feature of the surrounding gardens as is normally the case
Vestre Cemetery
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One of the cemetery's two lakes
Vestre Cemetery
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The North Chapel
Vestre Cemetery
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The remains of the South Chapel
Vestre Cemetery
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One of the four paths
37.
Blegdamsvej
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Blegdamsvej is a street in Copenhagen, Denmark, connecting Sankt Hans Torv in Nørrebro to Trianglen in Østerbro. The busy artery Fredensgade separates the Nørrebro and Østerbro sections of the street from each other, Blegdamsvej takes its name after the 24 ponds on the west side of Sortedam and Peblinge Lake, which was used for textile bleaching. They were established in about 1772 and had numbers from south to north, on the other side of the ponds was Blegedam Common, the oldest of Copenhagens commons, where the bleachers left the cloth to bleach in the sun. Lined with trees on both sides, mainly chestnut, willow and lime trees. The north side of the street is dominated by the Panum Building and Rigshospitalet, the oldest building on the north side of the street is St. Johns Church. Completed in 1861, it was the first church to be built in the new districts which developed after Copenhagens Bastioned Fortifications were decommissioned, the Niels Bohr Institute from 1922 has housed the work of several Nobel Prize-winners. 23, roughly from the time, is the Freemasons Hall. The Danish branch of the Red Cross has its office at No. The building was built in 1952 as headquarters of Copenhagen County, Blegdamsvej Prison is the oldest prison still in use in Denmark. It was designed by Michael Gottlieb Bindesbøll and inaugurated in 1848 but has later expanded and modernized several times. No.60 is a machine factory, Nielsen & Winther. The building was designed by Axel Berg and opened in 1899 and its neighbor, slightly older and designed by Ludvig Fenger, was originally a public school but later taken over by Nielsen & Winther. No.104 is a former candle manufactury, Asp-Holmblad, which was in use until the 1940s but has now converted into apartments. No.124 was designed by Frederik Lauritz Levy for the company Siemens-Schuckert, at Rigshospitalet, on the corner of Blegdamsvej with Fredensgade, is Rudolph Tegners large group sculpture Towards the Light. It was installed in 1909 as a memorial to the physician and scientist Niels Ryberg Finsen who won the Nobel Prize in Medicine and Physiology in 1903
Blegdamsvej
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The Freemasons' Hall at No. 23
Blegdamsvej
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House at pond No. 13 (now Blegdamsvej 63)
Blegdamsvej
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Christen Købke's painting of the garden stairs of the house at Blegedammen)
38.
Griffenfeldsgade
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The street has a multiethnic character and is home to a number of African specialty stores, coffee shops and restaurants. Between Griffenfeldsgade and Stengade is a green space, Folkets Park. Griffenfeldsgade was until 1879 called Parcelvej, Griffenfeldsgade is named after the Holstein statesman Peter Schumacher Griffenfeld, who served as Danish Chancellor from 1673. A bridge, Parcelbroen, was until 1892 located at the far end of the street, connecting it to Ladegårdsvej on the other side and from 1872 to H. C. At the outbreak of World War II the Danish Communist Party had its office on the 3rd floor of Griffenfeldsgade 50, the party newspaper Arbejderbladet were housed in the ground and first floor. When the German Wehrmacht occupied Denmark on 9 April all the lists of party members, subscribers and magazine sellers were burned, after Nazi Germanys attack on the Soviet Union in 1941, the Communist Party was banned in Denmark. Simultaneously, several members were arrested and the release of the Arbejderbladet was banned, the party then continued as an illegal organization from November 1941 and published the illegal opposition magazine Land og folk. A small printing house in Griffenfeldsgade, usually printing occasional songs, during the occupation Griffenfeldsgade was scene of several firefights between the Danish resistance and representatives of the occupying power. Many apartments and shops were also exposed to either raids or sabotage, the Danish communist youth organization still resides in Griffenfeldsgade. The former he former St. Josephs Hospital is from 1875 and it was founded by St. Joseph Sisters in 1975. The building was designed by Christian Hansen in the Gothic Revival style, the hospital was later nursing home but closed in 2005
Griffenfeldsgade
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Griffenfeldsgade
Griffenfeldsgade
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Griffenfeldsgade in the early 20th centory
Griffenfeldsgade
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St. Joseph's Hospital
39.
Rantzausgade
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Rantzausgade is a street in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It runs from Åboulevard in the southeast to Jagtvej in the northeast where its name changes to Borups Allé, Rantzausgade was originally called Nordvestvej and only reached as far as Brohusgade where it ended in a wooden fence. Being located within the so-called Demarcation Line which followed Jagtvej, that is on the esplanade outside Copenhagens fortifications, only minor buildings could be built in the area. On the other side of the fence at the far end of the road and on the banks of the Ladegård Canal to the market gardens. When the area was built over from the 1870s on, developing into a dense working-class neighbourhood, one of the poorest in Copenhagen, it became known as Rabarberkvarteret. The term rabarberkvarter has in Danish since developed into a derogatory, generic term for a poor, in 1879, the company Glud & Marstrandm, a manufacturer of metal goods, opened a factory at No. Another extension of Nordvestvej, beyond Jagtvej, began in 1902, the rest of the street was renamed Rantzausgade in 1906 for the Danish-German noble family Rantzau originating in the Duchy of Holstein. The Nordbanen railway line crossed the street from 1894 on its way from Copenhagens second central station at Axeltorv to Helsingør, the railway crossing disappeared in 1930 when the Boulevard Line opened. Tram line No.13 operated through the street from 1915 until 1965 on its way from City Hal Square to Lyngbygade, prinsesse Thyras Asyl at No.48 opened as a private kindergarten on 1 January 1878 with Princess Thyra of Denmark as protector. It is now owned by the city, brorsons Church is from 1901 and was designed by Thorvald Jørgensen, who also designed Christiansborg as well as several other churches in Copenhagen. The former building of the Regional Archive for Zealand is located in the part of the western end of the street. The oldest part of the complex is from 1893 and was designed by Martin Nyrop in the National Romantic style and it was expanded by Nils Koppel in the 1960s. The triangular apartment block located between the Regional Archive Building is called Brohus and is from 1901, the artwork Secret Garden was designed by Morten Stræd in connection with the creation of three new urban spaces between Rantzausgade and the Agade Cycle Bridge in 2011. The Nørrebro Route of Copenhagens network of super bikeways follows the alignment of the rail line. A bus trap is located at the site where the bikeway crosses Rantzausgade, the street is served by bus lines 12,18 and 66. Nuuks Plads at the junction with Jagtvej will be the site of one of the stations on the City Circle Line of the Copenhagen Metro. In his memoir, En rabarberdreng vokser op, the writer Christian Christensen describes his childhood, growing up in a working-class family living on Nordvestvej
Rantzausgade
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Rantzausgade
Rantzausgade
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Prinsesse Thyras Asyl, a private kindergarten opened on the street in 1878
Rantzausgade
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Brorson's Church
Rantzausgade
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Brohus, viewed from Florsgade
40.
Ryesgade
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Ryesgade is a street straddling the border of the Nørrebro and Østerbro districts of Copenhagen, Denmark. The busy artery Fredensgade and Fredens Park, a green space which runs along its northside. Ryesgade was formerly known for its many stores of which a few still exist today. The area around Ryesgade was developed in the 1870s and 1880s, the streets were named for military figures from Denmarks most recent wars, First Schleswig War and Second Schleswig War. Other street names in the area include Hedemannsgade, Helgesensgade, Irmingersgade, Kroghsgade, Lundingsgade, Læssøesgade, Schleppegrellsgade and Trepkasgade, the area was a dense working-class neighbourhood, featuring a combination of factories, workshops and very small apartments. On 1 June 1983 squatters moved into No.58, 63–65 was also squatted on 4 December 1985 and cleared by the police on 11 February 1986. The situation culminated in the Ryesgade Riots which occurred in mid-September, the squatters ultimately left No.58 on 22 September. A number of the old buildings are still found in the Nørrebro section of the street. No.3 is a former metal factory, Nordisk Metalvarefabrik. The main wing on Ryesgade was originally an institution, built in 1752 to a design by Niels Sigfred Nebelong. The wing on Sankt Hans Gade and a number of smaller stable, in 1895 the complex was taken over by the metal goods factory which remained on the site until the 1940s. The building is now owned by C. W. Obel, No.48 is a former starch factory. 51–55 is a machine factory, Nielsen & Winther, built in 1916 to a design by Frederik Wagner. Sortedam School is located at No.120, No.101 is the former Ryesgade School, which was completed in 1891 to a design by Hans Jørgen Holm. On the opposite side of the street, at No,104, is the rear side of Soldenfeldts Stiftelse, a home for elderly women. The front of the building faces Sortedams Doseringen, there are two churches in the street. Church of Peace was built in 1899, although the tower was not added until 1906, 106B was built between 102 and 104 to a design by Victor Nyebølle. In 2013, Church of Peace was one of 14 churches in Copenhagen which was nominated for closure by the Bishop of Copenhagen
Ryesgade
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Ryesgade at the Nørre Søpark estate, looking south
Ryesgade
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No. 3: The former metal goods factory
Ryesgade
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The former Ryesgade School
Ryesgade
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Nazareth Church
41.
Sankt Hans Torv
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Sankt Hans Torv is a public square in the heart of the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is dominated by a granite sculpture by Jørgen Haugen Sørensen and is known for its thriving café scene. St. Johns Church, the largest and oldest church in Nørrebro, is situated just east of the square, the site used to be part of Blegedam Common, one of the commons which used to surround Copenhagen when it was a fortified city. The square is located at the site where the cows that grazed the Blegdam Common as well as the adjacent Northn and its status as an important junction goes back a long time. Blegdamsvej is one of the oldest roads in the area and Nørre Allé was established in the middle of the 19th century. Nørrebros first church, St. Johns, was built at the site in 1862 after the so-called Demarcation Line which restricted building activity outside Copenhagens fortifications was moved to The Lakes, the site was for a while used as a cattle market. The square emerged towards the end of the century when the area was built over and developed into a dense, as traffic increased, it was reduced to a large road junction. The current square was established in 1993 as part of a renewal programme which sought to prompt the ongoing gentrification of the area. It was designed by Sven-Ingvar Andersson and Henrik Pøhlsgaard for City Architect Otto Käszner, the project concentrated traffic along three sides and created a slightly undulating public space with granite paving. The square is lined with cafés, french-style Cafe Sebastopol has been located on the square since 1994. Kaffeplantagen, a chain of coffee houses, opened its first branch at No.3 in 2004. The square is dominated by a property with a concave facade flanked by two projecting, rounded corners, which occupies the space between Nørre Allé and Guldbergsgade. The oldest building on the square is the building at the cirner with Sankt Hans Gade and it was built by Copenhagen Municipality in 1851 and expanded in 1862 as witnessed by an inscription on the facade. Blågårds Plads De Gamles By Blegdamsvej
Sankt Hans Torv
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Sankt Hans Torv
Sankt Hans Torv
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30 Sankt Hans Torv on the south-east side of the square
Sankt Hans Torv
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Sankt Hans Torv panorama
42.
Jewish Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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The Jewish Northern Cemetery in Nørrebro was formerly the principal Jewish cemetery in Copenhagen, Denmark. It has an area of 13,500 square metres and contains some 5,500 burials, the Jewish congregation in Copenhagen purchased a 900 square metre site outside the city for use as a burial site in the early 1690s. The oldest burial in the cemetery is from 1694, further acquisitions of land had brought the cemetery up to its current size by 1854 but it was still passed out of use when a new Jewish cemetery opened in connection with the new Vestre Cemetery. The brick wall which surrounds the cemetery on three sides, along Møllegade, Guldbergsgade and Birkegade, was built in 1873 to a design by Vilhelm Tvede. The cemetery was listed in 1983
Jewish Cemetery (Copenhagen)
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The gatehouse
43.
Anna Church, Copenhagen
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Anna Church is a Lutheran church in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It was designed by Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint, best known for his design of Grundtvigs Church, built in three stages, it was completed between 1914 and 1928. In 1907 the Copenhagen Church Trust acquired a plot of land. An Anna Committee was therefore set up, consisting of women named Anna from throughout the country, Peder Vilhelm Jensen-Klint was commissioned to make a design in 1911 and it was built from 1913 to 1914. The church is named after Anna the Prophetess who appears in the passage from the Gospel about the Presentation of Jesus at the Temple which was read at the opening on 27 December 1914. After some years the church had become too small and Jensen-Klint was asked to design an extension, once again the Anna Committee raised the necessary funds. This extension added a hall in a lateral which had a gable toward the street. The last extension was carried out from 1924 to 1928 and added a second wing at the other end of the nave. The church consists of three built in red brick. The two lateral wings have stepped gables facing the street and flank a U-shaped space in front of the main wing, the roof is of red tiles and has two Flèches with the bells. The brickwork is an exemplar of Jensen Klints style
Anna Church, Copenhagen
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Anna Church
Anna Church, Copenhagen
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Early draft, differing from the final design in several ways including a lower lateral wing
Anna Church, Copenhagen
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Foundation stone ceremony
Anna Church, Copenhagen
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Facade detail showing Jensen-Klint's characteristic brickwork next to the facade of the neighbouring building
44.
Danish Police Museum
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The Danish Police Museum is dedicated to the history of law enforcement in Denmark. It is based in a police station on Fælledvej, off Sankt Hans Torv, in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen. The museum traces its history back to 1904 when a collection of artefacts was founded in the celler under Copenhagen Court House, the current museum was inaugurated in 1993. It underwent a refurbishment in 2004. Fælledvej Police Station, or Station 6, opened on 21 October 1884 and it maintained a staff of 64 policemen, One chief police officer, four superior police officers,11 inspectors and 46 ordinary policemen. The top floor contained a residence for the head of the police station, first floor contained accommodation for 16 unmarried policemen. The police station closed on 25 May 1977, the ground floor contains an exhibition about the history of the Danish Police Corps from its foundation in 1682 until the present day. First floor contains an exhibition about an exhibition, featuring different forms of crimes as well as police investigation. The museum also hosts a special exhibitions
Danish Police Museum
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The building on Fælledvej
45.
De Gamles By
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De Gamles By is a home for the elderly occupying an extensive site in the Nørrebro district of Copenhagen, Denmark. It is increasingly integrated with the community and is now also home to other facilities, including day cares. Almindelig Hospital relocated to the site in 1892 and its new buildings were designed by Vilhelm Petersen. In 1901, it was joined by a home for the elderly, Københavns Alderdomshjem. The name De Gamles By was introduced for the site in 1919. De Gamles By has its own church, which was built as part of the hospital complex from 1892. Its architect was Vilhelm Petersen who also designed the hospital buildings. A cancer care centre inspired by British Maggies Centres opened on Nørre Allé in 2012 and it is built to a distinctive multigabled design and encloses a central courtyard and various roof terraces. Two new day cares, one on Møllegade and one on Sjællandsgade, are planned in the area
De Gamles By
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De Gamles By
De Gamles By
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The chapel
46.
Panum Building
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The Panum Building is a large building complex that is part of the University of Copenhagens North Campus in Copenhagen, Denmark. It houses the Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences and this includes the Dental School and the former Faculty of Medicine as well as The School of Oral Health Care and The School for Dental Technicians. The Panum Building has many facilities including a library, two canteens, lecture theatres, offices, student clubs and a bookshop, the Panum Building also houses the largest dental clinic in Denmark with approximately 230 treatment chairs. The building was named after Danish physiologist Peter Ludvig Panum, the Panum Building was built from 1971–1986 by the architects Eva and Nils Koppel, Gert Edstrand, Poul Erik Thyrring and reflects Brutalism. The outside areas were designed by landscape architects Edith and Ole Nørgård, the artistic decoration and color schemes – e. g. the characteristic chimneys – were envisioned by Tonning Rasmussen. In parts of the basement, there are made by Poul Gernes. The Panum complex was first taken into use in 1975, the School of Oral Health Care moved to Panum in 1986. In 2012, construction began on an extension of Panum, called the Maersk Tower, the tower was inaugurated on January 18,2017. The Panum complex grew from 105000 square meters to 140000 square meters, the approximately 42700 new square meters are primarily dedicated to research and educational activities, canteen and bicycle parking facilities. On the top floor of the Maersk Tower, there is access to an observation platform
Panum Building
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The Panum Building
47.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
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Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
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Urban area of Copenhagen
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The urban area of Copenhagen consist of Copenhagen and Frederiksberg municipalities and the former Copenhagen County, except for the municipalities Høje-Taastrup and Ledøje-Smørum. In all, it consists of 18 municipalities, and except parts of Ballerup, Greve, Ishøj, former Søllerød and former Værløse, Ishøj and Greve Strand are included for the first time since 1999. As of 1 January 2015, this area had a population of 1,263,698 and 615.7 km2, statistics Denmark states that the definition of the urban area is based on UNs 200m definition. The area doesnt follow the recommendations of the United Nations regarding urban definitions and is used for statistic issues only, the main difference between Hovedstadsområdet and common urban area definition involves the islands of Amager, Saltholm and Peberholm, and primarily the municipality of Tårnby. Hovedstadsområdet contains the entire Copenhagen and Tårnby municipalities, although the latter contains large areas without buildings and this also applies to a smaller part of Copenhagen on Amager island. The western part of Amager is an enlargement from a part of the Øresund sea. This extended part of Amagar is split between Copenhagen and Tårnby municipalities, and is only built-up on two minor areas and it also includes along the harbour and around Bella Center. Apart from these areas and an allotment-garden cottage area, the vast majority of western Amager is unplanned. The cause for this creation was mainly to shelter to the southern part of Copenhagen harbour. Since the area is now filled out with big stones, sand from the sea, plaster, wastes and unknown items, not even agriculture is possible due to bad soil. Some of the area belongs to Copenhagen municipality, but the Tårnby municipality part is far larger. Also the almost unpopulated islands of Saltholm and Peberholm belongs to Tårnby, in all, most of Tårnby and a minor part of Copenhagen municipalities on Amager island cannot be regarded as an urban area. Consequently, Hovedstadsområdet does not equal an urban area of Copenhagen, neither the Danish statistic authority Danmarks Statistik or the Danish geographical institute Kort og Matrikelstyrelsen states that Hovedstadsområdet is an urban area of Copenhagen. For internal Danish matters this is of no importance, but when comparing Copenhagen with other cities, the unpopulated non-urban areas of Amager, Saltholm and Peberholm do make a difference in f. i. terms of population density. As of February 2012, Copenhagen lacks official urban borders for comparison with other cities, Hovedstadsområdet is an area invented primarily for statistical matters. Its rarely used in conversation (as a defined area, sometimes in media the word Hovedstadsområdet represents a metropolitan area from Køge in the south to Elsinore in the north and Roskilde in the west. For instance, a television channel called Hovedstads-TV covers this larger area. But even in public service television news, the word Hovedstadsområdet may refer to either what the Danish statistic institute defines as Hovedstadsområdet or the metropolitan area
Urban area of Copenhagen
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Amager island land using
Urban area of Copenhagen
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Map showing the location of the urban area of Copenhagen
