A survival kit is a package of basic tools and supplies prepared as an aid to survival in an emergency. Civil and military aircraft, lifeboats, and spacecraft are equipped with survival kits.
Cosmonaut's survival kit in Polytechnical Museum, Moscow
Sailors take inventory of a C-2A Greyhound's liferaft kit in USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63) paraloft shop.
Fire-making kit contained in tin
A U.S. Marine signalling an aircraft with a signal mirror
A match is a tool for starting a fire. Typically, matches are made of small wooden sticks or stiff paper. One end is coated with a material that can be ignited by friction generated by striking the match against a suitable surface. Wooden matches are packaged in matchboxes, and paper matches are partially cut into rows and stapled into matchbooks. The coated end of a match, known as the match "head", consists of a bead of active ingredients and binder, often colored for easier inspection. There are two main types of matches: safety matches, which can be struck only against a specially prepared surface, and strike-anywhere matches, for which any suitably frictional surface can be used.
An igniting match
The Alchemist in Search of the Philosophers Stone (1771), by Joseph Wright, depicting Hennig Brand discovering phosphorus.
Sulfur-head matches, 1828, lit by dipping into a bottle of phosphorus
A tin "Congreves" matchbox (1827), produced by John Walker, inventor of the friction match.
