Svetlana Alekseyevna Romashina is a former Russian synchronized swimmer who won a total of 41 gold medals while competing in four Olympic Games, seven world championships, and six European championships. She never placed lower than first at any of these events. After winning two golds at the 2020 Summer Olympics, she became the most decorated athlete in the history of her sport.

Artistic swimming competitions at the 2020 Summer Olympics in Tokyo, Japan featured a total of 104 athletes competing in two medal events, namely the women's duet and the women's team. The events took place in 2021 following the Games' postponement from 2020 due to the COVID-19 pandemic.