Table of nuclides

A chart of nuclides. Above, cut into three parts for better presentation; below, combined.

Positron emission or Electron capture

A table of nuclides or chart of nuclides is a two-dimensional graph in which one axis represents the number of neutrons and the other represents the number of protons in an atomic nucleus. Each point plotted on the graph thus represents the nuclide of a real or hypothetical chemical element. This system of ordering nuclides can offer a greater insight into the characteristics of isotopes than the better-known periodic table, which shows only elements instead of each of their isotopes.

Description and utility[edit]

A chart or table of nuclides is a simple map to the nuclear, or radioactive, behaviour of nuclides, as it distinguishes the isotopes of an element. It contrasts with a periodic table, which only maps their chemical behavior, since isotopes (nuclides which are variants of the same element) do not differ chemically to any significant degree, with the exception of hydrogen. Nuclide charts organize nuclides along the X axis by their numbers of neutrons and along the Y axis by their numbers of protons, out to the limits of the neutron and proton drip lines. This representation was first published by Kurt Guggenheimer in 1934^[1] and expanded by Giorgio Fea in 1935,^[2] Emilio Segrè in 1945 or G. Seaborg. In 1958, Walter Seelmann-Eggebert and Gerda Pfennig published the first edition of the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart. Its 7th edition was made available in 2006. Today, there are several nuclide charts, four of which have a wide distribution: the Karlsruhe Nuclide Chart, the Strasbourg Universal Nuclide Chart, the Chart of the Nuclides from the JAEA and the Nuclide Chart from Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory.^[3] It has become a basic tool of the nuclear community.

Full table[edit]

The nuclide table below shows nuclides (often loosely called "isotopes", but this term properly refers to nuclides with the same atomic number, see below), including all with half-life of at least one day.^[4] They are arranged with increasing atomic numbers from left to right and increasing neutron numbers from top to bottom.

Cell color denotes the half-life of each nuclide; if a border is present, its color indicates the half-life of the most stable nuclear isomer. In graphical browsers, each nuclide also has a tool tip indicating its half-life. Each color represents a certain range of length of half-life, and the color of the border indicates the half-life of its nuclear isomer state. Some nuclides have multiple nuclear isomers, and this table notes the longest one. Dotted borders mean that a nuclide has a nuclear isomer, and their color is represented the same way as for their normal counterparts.

Z →	0	1	2
n ↓	n	H	He	3	4	5
0		¹H		Li	Be	B	6
1	¹n	²H	³He	⁴Li	⁵Be	⁶B	C	7
2		³H	⁴He	⁵Li	⁶Be	⁷B	⁸C	N	8
3		⁴H	⁵He	⁶Li	⁷Be	⁸B	⁹C	¹⁰N	O	9
4		⁵H	⁶He	⁷Li	⁸Be	⁹B	¹⁰C	¹¹N	¹²O	F	10			13
5		⁶H	⁷He	⁸Li	⁹Be	¹⁰B	¹¹C	¹²N	¹³O	¹⁴F	Ne	11	12	Al
6		⁷H	⁸He	⁹Li	¹⁰Be	¹¹B	¹²C	¹³N	¹⁴O	¹⁵F	¹⁶Ne	Na	Mg	¹⁹Al	14
		7	⁹He	¹⁰Li	¹¹Be	¹²B	¹³C	¹⁴N	¹⁵O	¹⁶F	¹⁷Ne	¹⁸Na	¹⁹Mg	²⁰Al	Si	15
		8	¹⁰He	¹¹Li	¹²Be	¹³B	¹⁴C	¹⁵N	¹⁶O	¹⁷F	¹⁸Ne	¹⁹Na	²⁰Mg	²¹Al	²²Si	P	16
			9	¹²Li	¹³Be	¹⁴B	¹⁵C	¹⁶N	¹⁷O	¹⁸F	¹⁹Ne	²⁰Na	²¹Mg	²²Al	²³Si	²⁴P	S	17
				10	¹⁴Be	¹⁵B	¹⁶C	¹⁷N	¹⁸O	¹⁹F	²⁰Ne	²¹Na	²²Mg	²³Al	²⁴Si	²⁵P	²⁶S	Cl	18
				11	¹⁵Be	¹⁶B	¹⁷C	¹⁸N	¹⁹O	²⁰F	²¹Ne	²²Na	²³Mg	²⁴Al	²⁵Si	²⁶P	²⁷S	²⁸Cl	Ar	19
				12	¹⁶Be	¹⁷B	¹⁸C	¹⁹N	²⁰O	²¹F	²²Ne	²³Na	²⁴Mg	²⁵Al	²⁶Si	²⁷P	²⁸S	²⁹Cl	³⁰Ar	K	20
						13	¹⁹C	²⁰N	²¹O	²²F	²³Ne	²⁴Na	²⁵Mg	²⁶Al	²⁷Si	²⁸P	²⁹S	³⁰Cl	³¹Ar	³²K	Ca
						14	²⁰C	²¹N	²²O	²³F	²⁴Ne	²⁵Na	²⁶Mg	²⁷Al	²⁸Si	²⁹P	³⁰S	³¹Cl	³²Ar	³³K	³⁴Ca	21	22
							15	²²N	²³O	²⁴F	²⁵Ne	²⁶Na	²⁷Mg	²⁸Al	²⁹Si	³⁰P	³¹S	³²Cl	³³Ar	³⁴K	³⁵Ca	Sc	Ti	23
								16	²⁴O	²⁵F	²⁶Ne	²⁷Na	²⁸Mg	²⁹Al	³⁰Si	³¹P	³²S	³³Cl	³⁴Ar	³⁵K	³⁶Ca	³⁷Sc	³⁸Ti	V	24
									17	²⁶F	²⁷Ne	²⁸Na	²⁹Mg	³⁰Al	³¹Si	³²P	³³S	³⁴Cl	³⁵Ar	³⁶K	³⁷Ca	³⁸Sc	³⁹Ti	⁴⁰V	Cr	25	26
									18	²⁷F	²⁸Ne	²⁹Na	³⁰Mg	³¹Al	³²Si	³³P	³⁴S	³⁵Cl	³⁶Ar	³⁷K	³⁸Ca	³⁹Sc	⁴⁰Ti	⁴¹V	⁴²Cr	Mn	Fe	27	28
									19	²⁸F	²⁹Ne	³⁰Na	³¹Mg	³²Al	³³Si	³⁴P	³⁵S	³⁶Cl	³⁷Ar	³⁸K	³⁹Ca	⁴⁰Sc	⁴¹Ti	⁴²V	⁴³Cr	⁴⁴Mn	⁴⁵Fe	Co	Ni
									20	²⁹F	³⁰Ne	³¹Na	³²Mg	³³Al	³⁴Si	³⁵P	³⁶S	³⁷Cl	³⁸Ar	³⁹K	⁴⁰Ca	⁴¹Sc	⁴²Ti	⁴³V	⁴⁴Cr	⁴⁵Mn	⁴⁶Fe	⁴⁷Co	⁴⁸Ni
									21	³⁰F	³¹Ne	³²Na	³³Mg	³⁴Al	³⁵Si	³⁶P	³⁷S	³⁸Cl	³⁹Ar	⁴⁰K	⁴¹Ca	⁴²Sc	⁴³Ti	⁴⁴V	⁴⁵Cr	⁴⁶Mn	⁴⁷Fe	⁴⁸Co	⁴⁹Ni	29
									22	³¹F	³²Ne	³³Na	³⁴Mg	³⁵Al	³⁶Si	³⁷P	³⁸S	³⁹Cl	⁴⁰Ar	⁴¹K	⁴²Ca	⁴³Sc	⁴⁴Ti	⁴⁵V	⁴⁶Cr	⁴⁷Mn	⁴⁸Fe	⁴⁹Co	⁵⁰Ni	Cu	30
										23	³³Ne	³⁴Na	³⁵Mg	³⁶Al	³⁷Si	³⁸P	³⁹S	⁴⁰Cl	⁴¹Ar	⁴²K	⁴³Ca	⁴⁴Sc	⁴⁵Ti	⁴⁶V	⁴⁷Cr	⁴⁸Mn	⁴⁹Fe	⁵⁰Co	⁵¹Ni	⁵²Cu	Zn	31
										24	³⁴Ne	³⁵Na	³⁶Mg	³⁷Al	³⁸Si	³⁹P	⁴⁰S	⁴¹Cl	⁴²Ar	⁴³K	⁴⁴Ca	⁴⁵Sc	⁴⁶Ti	⁴⁷V	⁴⁸Cr	⁴⁹Mn	⁵⁰Fe	⁵¹Co	⁵²Ni	⁵³Cu	⁵⁴Zn	Ga	32
											25	³⁶Na	³⁷Mg	³⁸Al	³⁹Si	⁴⁰P	⁴¹S	⁴²Cl	⁴³Ar	⁴⁴K	⁴⁵Ca	⁴⁶Sc	⁴⁷Ti	⁴⁸V	⁴⁹Cr	⁵⁰Mn	⁵¹Fe	⁵²Co	⁵³Ni	⁵⁴Cu	⁵⁵Zn	⁵⁶Ga	Ge	33
											26	³⁷Na	³⁸Mg	³⁹Al	⁴⁰Si	⁴¹P	⁴²S	⁴³Cl	⁴⁴Ar	⁴⁵K	⁴⁶Ca	⁴⁷Sc	⁴⁸Ti	⁴⁹V	⁵⁰Cr	⁵¹Mn	⁵²Fe	⁵³Co	⁵⁴Ni	⁵⁵Cu	⁵⁶Zn	⁵⁷Ga	⁵⁸Ge	As
												27	³⁹Mg	⁴⁰Al	⁴¹Si	⁴²P	⁴³S	⁴⁴Cl	⁴⁵Ar	⁴⁶K	⁴⁷Ca	⁴⁸Sc	⁴⁹Ti	⁵⁰V	⁵¹Cr	⁵²Mn	⁵³Fe	⁵⁴Co	⁵⁵Ni	⁵⁶Cu	⁵⁷Zn	⁵⁸Ga	⁵⁹Ge	⁶⁰As
												28	⁴⁰Mg	⁴¹Al	⁴²Si	⁴³P	⁴⁴S	⁴⁵Cl	⁴⁶Ar	⁴⁷K	⁴⁸Ca	⁴⁹Sc	⁵⁰Ti	⁵¹V	⁵²Cr	⁵³Mn	⁵⁴Fe	⁵⁵Co	⁵⁶Ni	⁵⁷Cu	⁵⁸Zn	⁵⁹Ga	⁶⁰Ge	⁶¹As
													29	⁴²Al	⁴³Si	⁴⁴P	⁴⁵S	⁴⁶Cl	⁴⁷Ar	⁴⁸K	⁴⁹Ca	⁵⁰Sc	⁵¹Ti	⁵²V	⁵³Cr	⁵⁴Mn	⁵⁵Fe	⁵⁶Co	⁵⁷Ni	⁵⁸Cu	⁵⁹Zn	⁶⁰Ga	⁶¹Ge	⁶²As	34	35
														30	⁴⁴Si	⁴⁵P	⁴⁶S	⁴⁷Cl	⁴⁸Ar	⁴⁹K	⁵⁰Ca	⁵¹Sc	⁵²Ti	⁵³V	⁵⁴Cr	⁵⁵Mn	⁵⁶Fe	⁵⁷Co	⁵⁸Ni	⁵⁹Cu	⁶⁰Zn	⁶¹Ga	⁶²Ge	⁶³As	Se	Br
															31	⁴⁶P	⁴⁷S	⁴⁸Cl	⁴⁹Ar	⁵⁰K	⁵¹Ca	⁵²Sc	⁵³Ti	⁵⁴V	⁵⁵Cr	⁵⁶Mn	⁵⁷Fe	⁵⁸Co	⁵⁹Ni	⁶⁰Cu	⁶¹Zn	⁶²Ga	⁶³Ge	⁶⁴As	⁶⁵Se	⁶⁶Br	36
																32	⁴⁸S	⁴⁹Cl	⁵⁰Ar	⁵¹K	⁵²Ca	⁵³Sc	⁵⁴Ti	⁵⁵V	⁵⁶Cr	⁵⁷Mn	⁵⁸Fe	⁵⁹Co	⁶⁰Ni	⁶¹Cu	⁶²Zn	⁶³Ga	⁶⁴Ge	⁶⁵As	⁶⁶Se	⁶⁷Br	Kr	37
																33	⁴⁹S	⁵⁰Cl	⁵¹Ar	⁵²K	⁵³Ca	⁵⁴Sc	⁵⁵Ti	⁵⁶V	⁵⁷Cr	⁵⁸Mn	⁵⁹Fe	⁶⁰Co	⁶¹Ni	⁶²Cu	⁶³Zn	⁶⁴Ga	⁶⁵Ge	⁶⁶As	⁶⁷Se	⁶⁸Br	⁶⁹Kr	Rb
																	34	⁵¹Cl	⁵²Ar	⁵³K	⁵⁴Ca	⁵⁵Sc	⁵⁶Ti	⁵⁷V	⁵⁸Cr	⁵⁹Mn	⁶⁰Fe	⁶¹Co	⁶²Ni	⁶³Cu	⁶⁴Zn	⁶⁵Ga	⁶⁶Ge	⁶⁷As	⁶⁸Se	⁶⁹Br	⁷⁰Kr	⁷¹Rb
																		35	⁵³Ar	⁵⁴K	⁵⁵Ca	⁵⁶Sc	⁵⁷Ti	⁵⁸V	⁵⁹Cr	⁶⁰Mn	⁶¹Fe	⁶²Co	⁶³Ni	⁶⁴Cu	⁶⁵Zn	⁶⁶Ga	⁶⁷Ge	⁶⁸As	⁶⁹Se	⁷⁰Br	⁷¹Kr	⁷²Rb
																			36	⁵⁵K	⁵⁶Ca	⁵⁷Sc	⁵⁸Ti	⁵⁹V	⁶⁰Cr	⁶¹Mn	⁶²Fe	⁶³Co	⁶⁴Ni	⁶⁵Cu	⁶⁶Zn	⁶⁷Ga	⁶⁸Ge	⁶⁹As	⁷⁰Se	⁷¹Br	⁷²Kr	⁷³Rb
																			37	⁵⁶K	⁵⁷Ca	⁵⁸Sc	⁵⁹Ti	⁶⁰V	⁶¹Cr	⁶²Mn	⁶³Fe	⁶⁴Co	⁶⁵Ni	⁶⁶Cu	⁶⁷Zn	⁶⁸Ga	⁶⁹Ge	⁷⁰As	⁷¹Se	⁷²Br	⁷³Kr	⁷⁴Rb
																					38	⁵⁹Sc	⁶⁰Ti	⁶¹V	⁶²Cr	⁶³Mn	⁶⁴Fe	⁶⁵Co	⁶⁶Ni	⁶⁷Cu	⁶⁸Zn	⁶⁹Ga	⁷⁰Ge	⁷¹As	⁷²Se	⁷³Br	⁷⁴Kr	⁷⁵Rb
																					39	⁶⁰Sc	⁶¹Ti	⁶²V	⁶³Cr	⁶⁴Mn	⁶⁵Fe	⁶⁶Co	⁶⁷Ni	⁶⁸Cu	⁶⁹Zn	⁷⁰Ga	⁷¹Ge	⁷²As	⁷³Se	⁷⁴Br	⁷⁵Kr	⁷⁶Rb
																						40	⁶²Ti	⁶³V	⁶⁴Cr	⁶⁵Mn	⁶⁶Fe	⁶⁷Co	⁶⁸Ni	⁶⁹Cu	⁷⁰Zn	⁷¹Ga	⁷²Ge	⁷³As	⁷⁴Se	⁷⁵Br	⁷⁶Kr	⁷⁷Rb	38
																						41	⁶³Ti	⁶⁴V	⁶⁵Cr	⁶⁶Mn	⁶⁷Fe	⁶⁸Co	⁶⁹Ni	⁷⁰Cu	⁷¹Zn	⁷²Ga	⁷³Ge	⁷⁴As	⁷⁵Se	⁷⁶Br	⁷⁷Kr	⁷⁸Rb	Sr	39
																							42	⁶⁵V	⁶⁶Cr	⁶⁷Mn	⁶⁸Fe	⁶⁹Co	⁷⁰Ni	⁷¹Cu	⁷²Zn	⁷³Ga	⁷⁴Ge	⁷⁵As	⁷⁶Se	⁷⁷Br	⁷⁸Kr	⁷⁹Rb	⁸⁰Sr	Y	40
																								43	⁶⁷Cr	⁶⁸Mn	⁶⁹Fe	⁷⁰Co	⁷¹Ni	⁷²Cu	⁷³Zn	⁷⁴Ga	⁷⁵Ge	⁷⁶As	⁷⁷Se	⁷⁸Br	⁷⁹Kr	⁸⁰Rb	⁸¹Sr	⁸²Y	Zr	41
																									44	⁶⁹Mn	⁷⁰Fe	⁷¹Co	⁷²Ni	⁷³Cu	⁷⁴Zn	⁷⁵Ga	⁷⁶Ge	⁷⁷As	⁷⁸Se	⁷⁹Br	⁸⁰Kr	⁸¹Rb	⁸²Sr	⁸³Y	⁸⁴Zr	Nb	42
																										45	⁷¹Fe	⁷²Co	⁷³Ni	⁷⁴Cu	⁷⁵Zn	⁷⁶Ga	⁷⁷Ge	⁷⁸As	⁷⁹Se	⁸⁰Br	⁸¹Kr	⁸²Rb	⁸³Sr	⁸⁴Y	⁸⁵Zr	⁸⁶Nb	Mo	43
																										46	⁷²Fe	⁷³Co	⁷⁴Ni	⁷⁵Cu	⁷⁶Zn	⁷⁷Ga	⁷⁸Ge	⁷⁹As	⁸⁰Se	⁸¹Br	⁸²Kr	⁸³Rb	⁸⁴Sr	⁸⁵Y	⁸⁶Zr	⁸⁷Nb	⁸⁸Mo	Tc	44
																											47	⁷⁴Co	⁷⁵Ni	⁷⁶Cu	⁷⁷Zn	⁷⁸Ga	⁷⁹Ge	⁸⁰As	⁸¹Se	⁸²Br	⁸³Kr	⁸⁴Rb	⁸⁵Sr	⁸⁶Y	⁸⁷Zr	⁸⁸Nb	⁸⁹Mo	⁹⁰Tc	Ru	45
																											48	⁷⁵Co	⁷⁶Ni	⁷⁷Cu	⁷⁸Zn	⁷⁹Ga	⁸⁰Ge	⁸¹As	⁸²Se	⁸³Br	⁸⁴Kr	⁸⁵Rb	⁸⁶Sr	⁸⁷Y	⁸⁸Zr	⁸⁹Nb	⁹⁰Mo	⁹¹Tc	⁹²Ru	Rh	46
																												49	⁷⁷Ni	⁷⁸Cu	⁷⁹Zn	⁸⁰Ga	⁸¹Ge	⁸²As	⁸³Se	⁸⁴Br	⁸⁵Kr	⁸⁶Rb	⁸⁷Sr	⁸⁸Y	⁸⁹Zr	⁹⁰Nb	⁹¹Mo	⁹²Tc	⁹³Ru		Pd	47
																												50	⁷⁸Ni	⁷⁹Cu	⁸⁰Zn	⁸¹Ga	⁸²Ge	⁸³As	⁸⁴Se	⁸⁵Br	⁸⁶Kr	⁸⁷Rb	⁸⁸Sr	⁸⁹Y	⁹⁰Zr	⁹¹Nb	⁹²Mo	⁹³Tc	⁹⁴Ru	⁹⁵Rh		Ag	48
																													51	⁸⁰Cu	⁸¹Zn	⁸²Ga	⁸³Ge	⁸⁴As	⁸⁵Se	⁸⁶Br	⁸⁷Kr	⁸⁸Rb	⁸⁹Sr	⁹⁰Y	⁹¹Zr	⁹²Nb	⁹³Mo	⁹⁴Tc	⁹⁵Ru	⁹⁶Rh	⁹⁷Pd		Cd
																														52	⁸²Zn	⁸³Ga	⁸⁴Ge	⁸⁵As	⁸⁶Se	⁸⁷Br	⁸⁸Kr	⁸⁹Rb	⁹⁰Sr	⁹¹Y	⁹²Zr	⁹³Nb	⁹⁴Mo	⁹⁵Tc	⁹⁶Ru	⁹⁷Rh	⁹⁸Pd	⁹⁹Ag	¹⁰⁰Cd	49
																														53	⁸³Zn	⁸⁴Ga	⁸⁵Ge	⁸⁶As	⁸⁷Se	⁸⁸Br	⁸⁹Kr	⁹⁰Rb	⁹¹Sr	⁹²Y	⁹³Zr	⁹⁴Nb	⁹⁵Mo	⁹⁶Tc	⁹⁷Ru	⁹⁸Rh	⁹⁹Pd	¹⁰⁰Ag	¹⁰¹Cd	In	50
																															54	⁸⁵Ga	⁸⁶Ge	⁸⁷As	⁸⁸Se	⁸⁹Br	⁹⁰Kr	⁹¹Rb	⁹²Sr	⁹³Y	⁹⁴Zr	⁹⁵Nb	⁹⁶Mo	⁹⁷Tc	⁹⁸Ru	⁹⁹Rh	¹⁰⁰Pd	¹⁰¹Ag	¹⁰²Cd		Sn	51
																															55	⁸⁶Ga	⁸⁷Ge	⁸⁸As	⁸⁹Se	⁹⁰Br	⁹¹Kr	⁹²Rb	⁹³Sr	⁹⁴Y	⁹⁵Zr	⁹⁶Nb	⁹⁷Mo	⁹⁸Tc	⁹⁹Ru	¹⁰⁰Rh	¹⁰¹Pd	¹⁰²Ag	¹⁰³Cd	¹⁰⁴In		Sb	52
																																56	⁸⁸Ge	⁸⁹As	⁹⁰Se	⁹¹Br	⁹²Kr	⁹³Rb		⁹⁵Y	⁹⁶Zr	⁹⁷Nb	⁹⁸Mo	⁹⁹Tc	¹⁰⁰Ru	¹⁰¹Rh	¹⁰²Pd	¹⁰³Ag	¹⁰⁴Cd				Te	53
																																57	⁸⁹Ge	⁹⁰As	⁹¹Se	⁹²Br	⁹³Kr	⁹⁴Rb		⁹⁶Y	⁹⁷Zr	⁹⁸Nb	⁹⁹Mo	¹⁰⁰Tc	¹⁰¹Ru	¹⁰²Rh	¹⁰³Pd	¹⁰⁴Ag	¹⁰⁵Cd	¹⁰⁶In	¹⁰⁷Sn		¹⁰⁹Te	I	54
																																	58	⁹¹As	⁹²Se	⁹³Br	⁹⁴Kr	⁹⁵Rb		⁹⁷Y	⁹⁸Zr	⁹⁹Nb	¹⁰⁰Mo	¹⁰¹Tc	¹⁰²Ru	¹⁰³Rh	¹⁰⁴Pd	¹⁰⁵Ag	¹⁰⁶Cd	¹⁰⁷In	¹⁰⁸Sn				Xe	55
																																	59	⁹²As	⁹³Se	⁹⁴Br	⁹⁵Kr	⁹⁶Rb		⁹⁸Y	⁹⁹Zr	¹⁰⁰Nb	¹⁰¹Mo	¹⁰²Tc	¹⁰³Ru	¹⁰⁴Rh	¹⁰⁵Pd	¹⁰⁶Ag	¹⁰⁷Cd	¹⁰⁸In	¹⁰⁹Sn	¹¹⁰Sb	¹¹¹Te		¹¹³Xe	Cs
																																		60	⁹⁴Se	⁹⁵Br	⁹⁶Kr	⁹⁷Rb		⁹⁹Y	¹⁰⁰Zr	¹⁰¹Nb	¹⁰²Mo	¹⁰³Tc	¹⁰⁴Ru	¹⁰⁵Rh	¹⁰⁶Pd	¹⁰⁷Ag	¹⁰⁸Cd	¹⁰⁹In	¹¹⁰Sn	¹¹¹Sb	¹¹²Te				56
																																			61	⁹⁶Br	⁹⁷Kr	⁹⁸Rb		¹⁰⁰Y	¹⁰¹Zr	¹⁰²Nb	¹⁰³Mo	¹⁰⁴Tc	¹⁰⁵Ru	¹⁰⁶Rh	¹⁰⁷Pd	¹⁰⁸Ag	¹⁰⁹Cd	¹¹⁰In	¹¹¹Sn	¹¹²Sb	¹¹³Te		¹¹⁵Xe	¹¹⁶Cs	Ba
																																			62	⁹⁷Br	⁹⁸Kr	⁹⁹Rb			¹⁰²Zr	¹⁰³Nb	¹⁰⁴Mo	¹⁰⁵Tc	¹⁰⁶Ru	¹⁰⁷Rh	¹⁰⁸Pd	¹⁰⁹Ag	¹¹⁰Cd	¹¹¹In	¹¹²Sn	¹¹³Sb	¹¹⁴Te	¹¹⁵I	¹¹⁶Xe	¹¹⁷Cs
																																				63	⁹⁹Kr	¹⁰⁰Rb				¹⁰⁴Nb	¹⁰⁵Mo	¹⁰⁶Tc	¹⁰⁷Ru	¹⁰⁸Rh	¹⁰⁹Pd	¹¹⁰Ag	¹¹¹Cd	¹¹²In	¹¹³Sn	¹¹⁴Sb	¹¹⁵Te	¹¹⁶I	¹¹⁷Xe	¹¹⁸Cs	¹¹⁹Ba	57
																																				64	¹⁰⁰Kr	¹⁰¹Rb					¹⁰⁶Mo	¹⁰⁷Tc	¹⁰⁸Ru	¹⁰⁹Rh	¹¹⁰Pd	¹¹¹Ag	¹¹²Cd	¹¹³In	¹¹⁴Sn	¹¹⁵Sb	¹¹⁶Te	¹¹⁷I	¹¹⁸Xe	¹¹⁹Cs		La
																																				65	¹⁰¹Kr	¹⁰²Rb						¹⁰⁸Tc	¹⁰⁹Ru	¹¹⁰Rh	¹¹¹Pd	¹¹²Ag	¹¹³Cd	¹¹⁴In	¹¹⁵Sn	¹¹⁶Sb	¹¹⁷Te	¹¹⁸I	¹¹⁹Xe	¹²⁰Cs	¹²¹Ba
																																												66	¹¹⁰Ru	¹¹¹Rh	¹¹²Pd	¹¹³Ag	¹¹⁴Cd	¹¹⁵In	¹¹⁶Sn	¹¹⁷Sb	¹¹⁸Te	¹¹⁹I	¹²⁰Xe	¹²¹Cs	¹²²Ba
																																													67	¹¹²Rh	¹¹³Pd	¹¹⁴Ag	¹¹⁵Cd	¹¹⁶In	¹¹⁷Sn	¹¹⁸Sb	¹¹⁹Te	¹²⁰I	¹²¹Xe	¹²²Cs	¹²³Ba		58
																																														68	¹¹⁴Pd	¹¹⁵Ag	¹¹⁶Cd	¹¹⁷In	¹¹⁸Sn	¹¹⁹Sb	¹²⁰Te	¹²¹I	¹²²Xe	¹²³Cs	¹²⁴Ba	¹²⁵La	Ce
																																															69	¹¹⁶Ag	¹¹⁷Cd	¹¹⁸In	¹¹⁹Sn	¹²⁰Sb	¹²¹Te	¹²²I	¹²³Xe	¹²⁴Cs	¹²⁵Ba	¹²⁶La
																																															70	¹¹⁷Ag	¹¹⁸Cd	¹¹⁹In	¹²⁰Sn	¹²¹Sb	¹²²Te	¹²³I	¹²⁴Xe	¹²⁵Cs	¹²⁶Ba	¹²⁷La		59
																																															71	¹¹⁸Ag	¹¹⁹Cd	¹²⁰In	¹²¹Sn	¹²²Sb	¹²³Te	¹²⁴I	¹²⁵Xe	¹²⁶Cs	¹²⁷Ba	¹²⁸La	¹²⁹Ce	Pr	60
																																															72	¹¹⁹Ag	¹²⁰Cd	¹²¹In	¹²²Sn	¹²³Sb	¹²⁴Te	¹²⁵I	¹²⁶Xe	¹²⁷Cs	¹²⁸Ba	¹²⁹La	¹³⁰Ce		Nd
																																															73	¹²⁰Ag	¹²¹Cd	¹²²In	¹²³Sn	¹²⁴Sb	¹²⁵Te	¹²⁶I	¹²⁷Xe	¹²⁸Cs	¹²⁹Ba	¹³⁰La	¹³¹Ce	¹³²Pr		61	62	63
																																															74	¹²¹Ag	¹²²Cd	¹²³In	¹²⁴Sn	¹²⁵Sb	¹²⁶Te	¹²⁷I	¹²⁸Xe	¹²⁹Cs	¹³⁰Ba	¹³¹La	¹³²Ce	¹³³Pr	¹³⁴Nd	Pm	Sm	Eu
																																															75	¹²²Ag	¹²³Cd	¹²⁴In	¹²⁵Sn	¹²⁶Sb	¹²⁷Te	¹²⁸I	¹²⁹Xe	¹³⁰Cs	¹³¹Ba	¹³²La	¹³³Ce	¹³⁴Pr	¹³⁵Nd		¹³⁷Sm		64
																																															76	¹²³Ag	¹²⁴Cd	¹²⁵In	¹²⁶Sn	¹²⁷Sb	¹²⁸Te	¹²⁹I	¹³⁰Xe	¹³¹Cs	¹³²Ba	¹³³La	¹³⁴Ce	¹³⁵Pr	¹³⁶Nd	¹³⁷Pm	¹³⁸Sm	¹³⁹Eu	Gd
																																																77	¹²⁵Cd	¹²⁶In	¹²⁷Sn	¹²⁸Sb	¹²⁹Te	¹³⁰I	¹³¹Xe	¹³²Cs	¹³³Ba	¹³⁴La	¹³⁵Ce	¹³⁶Pr	¹³⁷Nd	¹³⁸Pm	¹³⁹Sm	¹⁴⁰Eu
																																																	78	¹²⁷In	¹²⁸Sn	¹²⁹Sb	¹³⁰Te	¹³¹I	¹³²Xe	¹³³Cs	¹³⁴Ba	¹³⁵La	¹³⁶Ce	¹³⁷Pr	¹³⁸Nd	¹³⁹Pm	¹⁴⁰Sm	¹⁴¹Eu	¹⁴²Gd
																																																		79	¹²⁹Sn	¹³⁰Sb	¹³¹Te	¹³²I	¹³³Xe	¹³⁴Cs	¹³⁵Ba	¹³⁶La	¹³⁷Ce	¹³⁸Pr	¹³⁹Nd	¹⁴⁰Pm	¹⁴¹Sm	¹⁴²Eu	¹⁴³Gd	65	66	67	68	69
																																																		80	¹³⁰Sn	¹³¹Sb	¹³²Te	¹³³I	¹³⁴Xe	¹³⁵Cs	¹³⁶Ba	¹³⁷La	¹³⁸Ce	¹³⁹Pr	¹⁴⁰Nd	¹⁴¹Pm	¹⁴²Sm	¹⁴³Eu	¹⁴⁴Gd	Tb	Dy	Ho	Er	Tm	70
																																																		81	¹³¹Sn	¹³²Sb	¹³³Te	¹³⁴I	¹³⁵Xe	¹³⁶Cs	¹³⁷Ba	¹³⁸La	¹³⁹Ce	¹⁴⁰Pr	¹⁴¹Nd	¹⁴²Pm	¹⁴³Sm	¹⁴⁴Eu	¹⁴⁵Gd	¹⁴⁶Tb	¹⁴⁷Dy				Yb	71
																																																		82	¹³²Sn	¹³³Sb	¹³⁴Te	¹³⁵I	¹³⁶Xe	¹³⁷Cs	¹³⁸Ba	¹³⁹La	¹⁴⁰Ce	¹⁴¹Pr	¹⁴²Nd	¹⁴³Pm	¹⁴⁴Sm	¹⁴⁵Eu	¹⁴⁶Gd	¹⁴⁷Tb	¹⁴⁸Dy		¹⁵⁰Er	¹⁵¹Tm		Lu
																																																		83	¹³³Sn	¹³⁴Sb	¹³⁵Te	¹³⁶I	¹³⁷Xe	¹³⁸Cs	¹³⁹Ba	¹⁴⁰La	¹⁴¹Ce	¹⁴²Pr	¹⁴³Nd	¹⁴⁴Pm	¹⁴⁵Sm	¹⁴⁶Eu	¹⁴⁷Gd	¹⁴⁸Tb	¹⁴⁹Dy	¹⁵⁰Ho	¹⁵¹Er
																																																		84	¹³⁴Sn	¹³⁵Sb	¹³⁶Te	¹³⁷I	¹³⁸Xe	¹³⁹Cs	¹⁴⁰Ba	¹⁴¹La	¹⁴²Ce	¹⁴³Pr	¹⁴⁴Nd	¹⁴⁵Pm	¹⁴⁶Sm	¹⁴⁷Eu	¹⁴⁸Gd	¹⁴⁹Tb	¹⁵⁰Dy	¹⁵¹Ho	¹⁵²Er	¹⁵³Tm	¹⁵⁴Yb	¹⁵⁵Lu
																																																			85	¹³⁶Sb	¹³⁷Te	¹³⁸I	¹³⁹Xe	¹⁴⁰Cs	¹⁴¹Ba	¹⁴²La	¹⁴³Ce	¹⁴⁴Pr	¹⁴⁵Nd	¹⁴⁶Pm	¹⁴⁷Sm	¹⁴⁸Eu	¹⁴⁹Gd	¹⁵⁰Tb	¹⁵¹Dy	¹⁵²Ho	¹⁵³Er	¹⁵⁴Tm	¹⁵⁵Yb	¹⁵⁶Lu
																																																				86	¹³⁸Te	¹³⁹I	¹⁴⁰Xe	¹⁴¹Cs	¹⁴²Ba	¹⁴³La	¹⁴⁴Ce	¹⁴⁵Pr	¹⁴⁶Nd	¹⁴⁷Pm	¹⁴⁸Sm	¹⁴⁹Eu	¹⁵⁰Gd	¹⁵¹Tb	¹⁵²Dy	¹⁵³Ho	¹⁵⁴Er	¹⁵⁵Tm	¹⁵⁶Yb
																																																					87	¹⁴⁰I	¹⁴¹Xe	¹⁴²Cs	¹⁴³Ba	¹⁴⁴La	¹⁴⁵Ce	¹⁴⁶Pr	¹⁴⁷Nd	¹⁴⁸Pm	¹⁴⁹Sm	¹⁵⁰Eu	¹⁵¹Gd	¹⁵²Tb	¹⁵³Dy	¹⁵⁴Ho	¹⁵⁵Er	¹⁵⁶Tm	¹⁵⁷Yb
																																																						88	¹⁴²Xe	¹⁴³Cs	¹⁴⁴Ba	¹⁴⁵La	¹⁴⁶Ce	¹⁴⁷Pr	¹⁴⁸Nd	¹⁴⁹Pm	¹⁵⁰Sm	¹⁵¹Eu	¹⁵²Gd	¹⁵³Tb	¹⁵⁴Dy	¹⁵⁵Ho	¹⁵⁶Er	¹⁵⁷Tm	¹⁵⁸Yb
																																																							89	¹⁴⁴Cs	¹⁴⁵Ba	¹⁴⁶La	¹⁴⁷Ce	¹⁴⁸Pr	¹⁴⁹Nd	¹⁵⁰Pm	¹⁵¹Sm	¹⁵²Eu	¹⁵³Gd	¹⁵⁴Tb	¹⁵⁵Dy	¹⁵⁶Ho	¹⁵⁷Er	¹⁵⁸Tm
																																																								90	¹⁴⁶Ba	¹⁴⁷La	¹⁴⁸Ce	¹⁴⁹Pr	¹⁵⁰Nd	¹⁵¹Pm	¹⁵²Sm	¹⁵³Eu	¹⁵⁴Gd	¹⁵⁵Tb	¹⁵⁶Dy	¹⁵⁷Ho	¹⁵⁸Er	¹⁵⁹Tm	¹⁶⁰Yb	¹⁶¹Lu
																																																									91	¹⁴⁸La	¹⁴⁹Ce	¹⁵⁰Pr	¹⁵¹Nd	¹⁵²Pm	¹⁵³Sm	¹⁵⁴Eu	¹⁵⁵Gd	¹⁵⁶Tb	¹⁵⁷Dy	¹⁵⁸Ho	¹⁵⁹Er	¹⁶⁰Tm	¹⁶¹Yb	¹⁶²Lu
																																																										92	¹⁵⁰Ce	¹⁵¹Pr	¹⁵²Nd	¹⁵³Pm	¹⁵⁴Sm	¹⁵⁵Eu	¹⁵⁶Gd	¹⁵⁷Tb	¹⁵⁸Dy	¹⁵⁹Ho	¹⁶⁰Er	¹⁶¹Tm	¹⁶²Yb
																																																											93			¹⁵⁴Pm	¹⁵⁵Sm	¹⁵⁶Eu	¹⁵⁷Gd	¹⁵⁸Tb	¹⁵⁹Dy	¹⁶⁰Ho	¹⁶¹Er	¹⁶²Tm	¹⁶³Yb	¹⁶⁴Lu
																																																												94	¹⁵⁴Nd		¹⁵⁶Sm	¹⁵⁷Eu	¹⁵⁸Gd	¹⁵⁹Tb	¹⁶⁰Dy	¹⁶¹Ho	¹⁶²Er	¹⁶³Tm	¹⁶⁴Yb	¹⁶⁵Lu	72	73	74	75	76	77	78	79	80
																																																													95		¹⁵⁷Sm	¹⁵⁸Eu	¹⁵⁹Gd	¹⁶⁰Tb	¹⁶¹Dy	¹⁶²Ho	¹⁶³Er	¹⁶⁴Tm	¹⁶⁵Yb	¹⁶⁶Lu	Hf	Ta	W	Re	Os	Ir	Pt	Au	Hg
																																																														96		¹⁵⁹Eu	¹⁶⁰Gd	¹⁶¹Tb	¹⁶²Dy	¹⁶³Ho	¹⁶⁴Er	¹⁶⁵Tm	¹⁶⁶Yb	¹⁶⁷Lu	¹⁶⁸Hf	¹⁶⁹Ta	¹⁷⁰W		¹⁷²Os	¹⁷¹Ir	¹⁷⁴Pt	¹⁷⁵Au
																																																														97		¹⁶⁰Eu	¹⁶¹Gd	¹⁶²Tb	¹⁶³Dy	¹⁶⁴Ho	¹⁶⁵Er	¹⁶⁶Tm	¹⁶⁷Yb	¹⁶⁸Lu	¹⁶⁹Hf	¹⁷⁰Ta	¹⁷¹W	¹⁷²Re	¹⁷³Os	¹⁷⁴Ir	¹⁷⁵Pt	¹⁷⁶Au	¹⁷⁷Hg
																																																															98		¹⁶²Gd	¹⁶³Tb	¹⁶⁴Dy	¹⁶⁵Ho	¹⁶⁶Er	¹⁶⁷Tm	¹⁶⁸Yb	¹⁶⁹Lu	¹⁷⁰Hf	¹⁷¹Ta	¹⁷²W		¹⁷⁴Os	¹⁷⁵Ir	¹⁷⁶Pt	¹⁷⁷Au	¹⁷⁸Hg
																																																																99		¹⁶⁴Tb	¹⁶⁵Dy	¹⁶⁶Ho	¹⁶⁷Er	¹⁶⁸Tm	¹⁶⁹Yb	¹⁷⁰Lu	¹⁷¹Hf	¹⁷²Ta	¹⁷³W	¹⁷⁴Re	¹⁷⁵Os	¹⁷⁶Ir	¹⁷⁷Pt	¹⁷⁸Au	¹⁷⁹Hg	81
																																																																	100		¹⁶⁶Dy	¹⁶⁷Ho	¹⁶⁸Er	¹⁶⁹Tm	¹⁷⁰Yb	¹⁷¹Lu	¹⁷²Hf	¹⁷³Ta	¹⁷⁴W	¹⁷⁵Re	¹⁷⁶Os	¹⁷⁷Ir	¹⁷⁸Pt	¹⁷⁹Au	¹⁸⁰Hg	Tl	82
																																																																	101		¹⁶⁷Dy	¹⁶⁸Ho	¹⁶⁹Er	¹⁷⁰Tm	¹⁷¹Yb	¹⁷²Lu	¹⁷³Hf	¹⁷⁴Ta	¹⁷⁵W	¹⁷⁶Re	¹⁷⁷Os	¹⁷⁸Ir	¹⁷⁹Pt		¹⁸¹Hg		Pb
																																																																		102		¹⁶⁹Ho	¹⁷⁰Er	¹⁷¹Tm	¹⁷²Yb	¹⁷³Lu	¹⁷⁴Hf	¹⁷⁵Ta	¹⁷⁶W	¹⁷⁷Re	¹⁷⁸Os	¹⁷⁹Ir	¹⁸⁰Pt	¹⁸¹Au	¹⁸²Hg
																																																																		103		¹⁷⁰Ho	¹⁷¹Er	¹⁷²Tm	¹⁷³Yb	¹⁷⁴Lu	¹⁷⁵Hf	¹⁷⁶Ta	¹⁷⁷W	¹⁷⁸Re	¹⁷⁹Os	¹⁸⁰Ir	¹⁸¹Pt	¹⁸²Au	¹⁸³Hg	¹⁸⁴Tl	¹⁸⁵Pb	83
																																																																			104		¹⁷²Er	¹⁷³Tm	¹⁷⁴Yb	¹⁷⁵Lu	¹⁷⁶Hf	¹⁷⁷Ta	¹⁷⁸W	¹⁷⁹Re	¹⁸⁰Os	¹⁸¹Ir	¹⁸²Pt	¹⁸³Au	¹⁸⁴Hg	¹⁸⁵Tl	¹⁸⁶Pb	Bi
																																																																			105		¹⁷³Er	¹⁷⁴Tm	¹⁷⁵Yb	¹⁷⁶Lu	¹⁷⁷Hf	¹⁷⁸Ta	¹⁷⁹W	¹⁸⁰Re	¹⁸¹Os	¹⁸²Ir	¹⁸³Pt	¹⁸⁴Au	¹⁸⁵Hg	¹⁸⁶Tl	¹⁸⁷Pb		84
																																																																				106		¹⁷⁵Tm	¹⁷⁶Yb	¹⁷⁷Lu	¹⁷⁸Hf	¹⁷⁹Ta	¹⁸⁰W	¹⁸¹Re	¹⁸²Os	¹⁸³Ir	¹⁸⁴Pt	¹⁸⁵Au	¹⁸⁶Hg	¹⁸⁷Tl	¹⁸⁸Pb	¹⁸⁹Bi	Po	85
																																																																				107		¹⁷⁶Tm	¹⁷⁷Yb	¹⁷⁸Lu	¹⁷⁹Hf	¹⁸⁰Ta	¹⁸¹W	¹⁸²Re	¹⁸³Os	¹⁸⁴Ir	¹⁸⁵Pt	¹⁸⁶Au	¹⁸⁷Hg	¹⁸⁸Tl	¹⁸⁹Pb	¹⁹⁰Bi		At
																																																																					108		¹⁷⁸Yb	¹⁷⁹Lu	¹⁸⁰Hf	¹⁸¹Ta	¹⁸²W	¹⁸³Re	¹⁸⁴Os	¹⁸⁵Ir	¹⁸⁶Pt	¹⁸⁷Au	¹⁸⁸Hg	¹⁸⁹Tl	¹⁹⁰Pb	¹⁹¹Bi
																																																																						109		¹⁸⁰Lu	¹⁸¹Hf	¹⁸²Ta	¹⁸³W	¹⁸⁴Re	¹⁸⁵Os	¹⁸⁶Ir	¹⁸⁷Pt	¹⁸⁸Au	¹⁸⁹Hg	¹⁹⁰Tl	¹⁹¹Pb	¹⁹²Bi	¹⁹³Po	¹⁹⁴At
																																																																							110		¹⁸²Hf	¹⁸³Ta	¹⁸⁴W	¹⁸⁵Re	¹⁸⁶Os	¹⁸⁷Ir	¹⁸⁸Pt	¹⁸⁹Au	¹⁹⁰Hg	¹⁹¹Tl	¹⁹²Pb	¹⁹³Bi	¹⁹⁴Po	¹⁹⁵At
																																																																							111		¹⁸³Hf	¹⁸⁴Ta	¹⁸⁵W	¹⁸⁶Re	¹⁸⁷Os	¹⁸⁸Ir	¹⁸⁹Pt	¹⁹⁰Au	¹⁹¹Hg	¹⁹²Tl	¹⁹³Pb	¹⁹⁴Bi	¹⁹⁵Po	¹⁹⁶At
																																																																							112		¹⁸⁴Hf	¹⁸⁵Ta	¹⁸⁶W	¹⁸⁷Re	¹⁸⁸Os	¹⁸⁹Ir	¹⁹⁰Pt	¹⁹¹Au	¹⁹²Hg	¹⁹³Tl	¹⁹⁴Pb	¹⁹⁵Bi	¹⁹⁶Po	¹⁹⁷At
																																																																							113		¹⁸⁵Hf	¹⁸⁶Ta	¹⁸⁷W	¹⁸⁸Re	¹⁸⁹Os	¹⁹⁰Ir	¹⁹¹Pt	¹⁹²Au	¹⁹³Hg	¹⁹⁴Tl	¹⁹⁵Pb	¹⁹⁶Bi	¹⁹⁷Po	¹⁹⁸At
																																																																								114			¹⁸⁸W	¹⁸⁹Re	¹⁹⁰Os	¹⁹¹Ir	¹⁹²Pt	¹⁹³Au	¹⁹⁴Hg	¹⁹⁵Tl	¹⁹⁶Pb	¹⁹⁷Bi	¹⁹⁸Po	¹⁹⁹At
																																																																									115		¹⁸⁹W	¹⁹⁰Re	¹⁹¹Os	¹⁹²Ir	¹⁹³Pt	¹⁹⁴Au	¹⁹⁵Hg	¹⁹⁶Tl	¹⁹⁷Pb	¹⁹⁸Bi	¹⁹⁹Po	²⁰⁰At
																																																																									116		¹⁹⁰W	¹⁹¹Re	¹⁹²Os	¹⁹³Ir	¹⁹⁴Pt	¹⁹⁵Au	¹⁹⁶Hg	¹⁹⁷Tl	¹⁹⁸Pb	¹⁹⁹Bi	²⁰⁰Po	²⁰¹At
																																																																										117		¹⁹²Re	¹⁹³Os	¹⁹⁴Ir	¹⁹⁵Pt	¹⁹⁶Au	¹⁹⁷Hg	¹⁹⁸Tl	¹⁹⁹Pb	²⁰⁰Bi	²⁰¹Po	²⁰²At
																																																																											118		¹⁹⁴Os	¹⁹⁵Ir	¹⁹⁶Pt	¹⁹⁷Au	¹⁹⁸Hg	¹⁹⁹Tl	²⁰⁰Pb	²⁰¹Bi	²⁰²Po	²⁰³At
																																																																											119		¹⁹⁵Os	¹⁹⁶Ir	¹⁹⁷Pt	¹⁹⁸Au	¹⁹⁹Hg	²⁰⁰Tl	²⁰¹Pb	²⁰²Bi	²⁰³Po	²⁰⁴At
																																																																											120		¹⁹⁶Os	¹⁹⁷Ir	¹⁹⁸Pt	¹⁹⁹Au	²⁰⁰Hg	²⁰¹Tl	²⁰²Pb	²⁰³Bi	²⁰⁴Po	²⁰⁵At
																																																																121		¹⁹⁸Ir	¹⁹⁹Pt	²⁰⁰Au	²⁰¹Hg	²⁰²Tl	²⁰³Pb	²⁰⁴Bi	²⁰⁵Po	²⁰⁶At
																																																																	122		²⁰⁰Pt	²⁰¹Au	²⁰²Hg	²⁰³Tl	²⁰⁴Pb	²⁰⁵Bi	²⁰⁶Po	²⁰⁷At
																																																																	123		²⁰¹Pt	²⁰²Au	²⁰³Hg	²⁰⁴Tl	²⁰⁵Pb	²⁰⁶Bi	²⁰⁷Po	²⁰⁸At
																																																																		124		²⁰³Au	²⁰⁴Hg	²⁰⁵Tl	²⁰⁶Pb	²⁰⁷Bi	²⁰⁸Po	²⁰⁹At
																																																																		125		²⁰⁴Au	²⁰⁵Hg	²⁰⁶Tl	²⁰⁷Pb	²⁰⁸Bi	²⁰⁹Po	²¹⁰At	86
																																																																			126		²⁰⁶Hg	²⁰⁷Tl	²⁰⁸Pb	²⁰⁹Bi	²¹⁰Po	²¹¹At	Rn	87
																																																																				127		²⁰⁸Tl	²⁰⁹Pb	²¹⁰Bi	²¹¹Po	²¹²At	²¹³Rn	Fr	88
																																																																				128		²⁰⁹Tl	²¹⁰Pb	²¹¹Bi	²¹²Po	²¹³At	²¹⁴Rn	²¹⁵Fr	Ra	89
																																																																				129		²¹⁰Tl	²¹¹Pb	²¹²Bi	²¹³Po	²¹⁴At	²¹⁵Rn	²¹⁶Fr	²¹⁷Ra	Ac	90
																																																																					130		²¹²Pb	²¹³Bi	²¹⁴Po	²¹⁵At	²¹⁶Rn	²¹⁷Fr	²¹⁸Ra	²¹⁹Ac	Th	91
																																																																					131		²¹³Pb	²¹⁴Bi	²¹⁵Po	²¹⁶At	²¹⁷Rn	²¹⁸Fr	²¹⁹Ra	²²⁰Ac	²²¹Th	Pa	92
																																																																					132		²¹⁴Pb	²¹⁵Bi	²¹⁶Po	²¹⁷At	²¹⁸Rn	²¹⁹Fr	²²⁰Ra	²²¹Ac	²²²Th	²²³Pa	U	93
																																																																						133			²¹⁷Po	²¹⁸At	²¹⁹Rn	²²⁰Fr	²²¹Ra	²²²Ac	²²³Th	²²⁴Pa		Np	94
																																																																							134		²¹⁸Po	²¹⁹At	²²⁰Rn	²²¹Fr	²²²Ra	²²³Ac	²²⁴Th	²²⁵Pa	²²⁶U		Pu	95
																																																																								135		²²⁰At	²²¹Rn	²²²Fr	²²³Ra	²²⁴Ac	²²⁵Th	²²⁶Pa	²²⁷U	²²⁸Np		Am
																																																																								136		²²¹At	²²²Rn	²²³Fr	²²⁴Ra	²²⁵Ac	²²⁶Th	²²⁷Pa	²²⁸U	²²⁹Np			96
																																																																									137		²²³Rn	²²⁴Fr	²²⁵Ra	²²⁶Ac	²²⁷Th	²²⁸Pa	²²⁹U	²³⁰Np		²³²Am	Cm	97
																																																																									138		²²⁴Rn	²²⁵Fr	²²⁶Ra	²²⁷Ac	²²⁸Th	²²⁹Pa	²³⁰U	²³¹Np	²³²Pu	²³³Am		Bk
																																																																									139		²²⁵Rn	²²⁶Fr	²²⁷Ra	²²⁸Ac	²²⁹Th	²³⁰Pa	²³¹U	²³²Np	²³³Pu	²³⁴Am		²³⁶Bk	98	99	100
																																																																									140		²²⁶Rn	²²⁷Fr	²²⁸Ra	²²⁹Ac	²³⁰Th	²³¹Pa	²³²U	²³³Np	²³⁴Pu	²³⁵Am	²³⁶Cm		Cf	Es	Fm
																																																																										141		²²⁸Fr	²²⁹Ra	²³⁰Ac	²³¹Th	²³²Pa	²³³U	²³⁴Np	²³⁵Pu	²³⁶Am	²³⁷Cm			²⁴⁰Es	²⁴¹Fm
																																																																										142		²²⁹Fr	²³⁰Ra	²³¹Ac	²³²Th	²³³Pa	²³⁴U	²³⁵Np	²³⁶Pu	²³⁷Am	²³⁸Cm	²³⁹Bk	²⁴⁰Cf	²⁴¹Es	²⁴²Fm
																																																																											143			²³²Ac	²³³Th	²³⁴Pa	²³⁵U	²³⁶Np	²³⁷Pu	²³⁸Am	²³⁹Cm	²⁴⁰Bk	²⁴¹Cf	²⁴²Es	²⁴³Fm
																																																																												144			²³⁴Th	²³⁵Pa	²³⁶U	²³⁷Np	²³⁸Pu	²³⁹Am	²⁴⁰Cm	²⁴¹Bk	²⁴²Cf	²⁴³Es	²⁴⁴Fm	101
																																																																													145		²³⁵Th	²³⁶Pa	²³⁷U	²³⁸Np	²³⁹Pu	²⁴⁰Am	²⁴¹Cm	²⁴²Bk	²⁴³Cf	²⁴⁴Es	²⁴⁵Fm	Md	102
																																																																													146		²³⁶Th	²³⁷Pa	²³⁸U	²³⁹Np	²⁴⁰Pu	²⁴¹Am	²⁴²Cm	²⁴³Bk	²⁴⁴Cf	²⁴⁵Es	²⁴⁶Fm		No	103	104
																																																																														147		²³⁷Th	²³⁸Pa	²³⁹U	²⁴⁰Np	²⁴¹Pu	²⁴²Am	²⁴³Cm	²⁴⁴Bk	²⁴⁵Cf	²⁴⁶Es	²⁴⁷Fm	²⁴⁸Md		Lr	Rf	105
																																																																148		²³⁸Th	²³⁹Pa	²⁴⁰U	²⁴¹Np	²⁴²Pu	²⁴³Am	²⁴⁴Cm	²⁴⁵Bk	²⁴⁶Cf	²⁴⁷Es	²⁴⁸Fm	²⁴⁹Md	²⁵⁰No			Db
																																																																149		²⁴⁰Pa	²⁴¹U	²⁴²Np	²⁴³Pu	²⁴⁴Am	²⁴⁵Cm	²⁴⁶Bk	²⁴⁷Cf	²⁴⁸Es	²⁴⁹Fm	²⁵⁰Md	²⁵¹No	²⁵²Lr	²⁵³Rf		106
																																																																150		²⁴²U	²⁴³Np	²⁴⁴Pu	²⁴⁵Am	²⁴⁶Cm	²⁴⁷Bk	²⁴⁸Cf	²⁴⁹Es	²⁵⁰Fm	²⁵¹Md	²⁵²No	²⁵³Lr	²⁵⁴Rf	²⁵⁵Db	Sg	107
																																																																	151		²⁴⁴Np	²⁴⁵Pu	²⁴⁶Am	²⁴⁷Cm	²⁴⁸Bk	²⁴⁹Cf	²⁵⁰Es	²⁵¹Fm	²⁵²Md	²⁵³No	²⁵⁴Lr	²⁵⁵Rf	²⁵⁶Db		Bh
																																																																		152		²⁴⁶Pu	²⁴⁷Am	²⁴⁸Cm	²⁴⁹Bk	²⁵⁰Cf	²⁵¹Es	²⁵²Fm	²⁵³Md	²⁵⁴No	²⁵⁵Lr	²⁵⁶Rf	²⁵⁷Db	²⁵⁸Sg		108
																																																																		153		²⁴⁷Pu	²⁴⁸Am	²⁴⁹Cm	²⁵⁰Bk	²⁵¹Cf	²⁵²Es	²⁵³Fm	²⁵⁴Md	²⁵⁵No	²⁵⁶Lr	²⁵⁷Rf	²⁵⁸Db	²⁵⁹Sg	²⁶⁰Bh	Hs	109
																																																																			154		²⁴⁹Am	²⁵⁰Cm	²⁵¹Bk	²⁵²Cf	²⁵³Es	²⁵⁴Fm	²⁵⁵Md	²⁵⁶No	²⁵⁷Lr	²⁵⁸Rf	²⁵⁹Db	²⁶⁰Sg	²⁶¹Bh		Mt	110
																																																																				155		²⁵¹Cm	²⁵²Bk	²⁵³Cf	²⁵⁴Es	²⁵⁵Fm	²⁵⁶Md	²⁵⁷No	²⁵⁸Lr	²⁵⁹Rf	²⁶⁰Db	²⁶¹Sg	²⁶²Bh	²⁶³Hs		Ds
																																																																				156		²⁵²Cm	²⁵³Bk	²⁵⁴Cf	²⁵⁵Es	²⁵⁶Fm	²⁵⁷Md	²⁵⁸No	²⁵⁹Lr	²⁶⁰Rf	²⁶¹Db	²⁶²Sg		²⁶⁴Hs
																																																																					157		²⁵⁴Bk	²⁵⁵Cf	²⁵⁶Es	²⁵⁷Fm	²⁵⁸Md	²⁵⁹No	²⁶⁰Lr	²⁶¹Rf	²⁶²Db	²⁶³Sg	²⁶⁴Bh	²⁶⁵Hs	²⁶⁶Mt	²⁶⁷Ds
																																																																						158		²⁵⁶Cf	²⁵⁷Es	²⁵⁸Fm	²⁵⁹Md	²⁶⁰No	²⁶¹Lr	²⁶²Rf	²⁶³Db	²⁶⁴Sg	²⁶⁵Bh	²⁶⁶Hs			111
																																																																							159		²⁵⁸Es	²⁵⁹Fm	²⁶⁰Md		²⁶²Lr	²⁶³Rf		²⁶⁵Sg	²⁶⁶Bh	²⁶⁷Hs	²⁶⁸Mt	²⁶⁹Ds	Rg
																																																																								160		²⁶⁰Fm		²⁶²No				²⁶⁶Sg	²⁶⁷Bh	²⁶⁸Hs		²⁷⁰Ds
																																																																									161					²⁶⁵Rf	²⁶⁶Db	²⁶⁷Sg		²⁶⁹Hs	²⁷⁰Mt	²⁷¹Ds	²⁷²Rg
																																																																										162				²⁶⁶Rf	²⁶⁷Db			²⁷⁰Hs				112	113
																																																																											163		²⁶⁶Lr	²⁶⁷Rf	²⁶⁸Db	²⁶⁹Sg	²⁷⁰Bh	²⁷¹Hs		²⁷³Ds	²⁷⁴Rg	Cn	Nh
																																																																												164		²⁶⁸Rf			²⁷¹Bh
																																																																												165			²⁷⁰Db	²⁷¹Sg	²⁷²Bh	²⁷³Hs	²⁷⁴Mt			²⁷⁷Cn	²⁷⁸Nh
																																																																												166		²⁷⁰Rf					²⁷⁵Mt
																																																																167			²⁷⁴Bh	²⁷⁵Hs	²⁷⁶Mt	²⁷⁷Ds	²⁷⁸Rg
																																																																168				²⁷⁷Mt		²⁷⁹Rg			114
																																																																	169		²⁷⁷Hs	²⁷⁸Mt	²⁷⁹Ds	²⁸⁰Rg	²⁸¹Cn	²⁸²Nh	Fl	115
																																																																		170			²⁸⁰Ds	²⁸¹Rg	²⁸²Cn	²⁸³Nh	²⁸⁴Fl	Mc	116
																																																																			171		²⁸¹Ds	²⁸²Rg	²⁸³Cn	²⁸⁴Nh	²⁸⁵Fl		Lv	117
																																																																				172			²⁸⁴Cn	²⁸⁵Nh	²⁸⁶Fl	²⁸⁷Mc		Ts	118
																																																																					173		²⁸⁵Cn	²⁸⁶Nh	²⁸⁷Fl	²⁸⁸Mc			Og
																																																																						174			²⁸⁸Fl	²⁸⁹Mc	²⁹⁰Lv
																																																																							175		²⁸⁹Fl	²⁹⁰Mc	²⁹¹Lv
																																																																								176			²⁹²Lv	²⁹³Ts	²⁹⁴Og
																																																																									177		²⁹³Lv	²⁹⁴Ts

**Half-lives** (example: Gd)
¹⁴⁵Gd	< 1 day
¹⁴⁶Gd	1–10 days
¹⁴⁹Gd	10–100 days
¹⁵³Gd	100 days–10 a
¹⁴⁸Gd	10–10,000 a
¹⁵⁰Gd	10 ka–103 Ma
¹⁵²Gd	> 700 Ma
¹⁵⁸Gd	Stable
⁹⁴Nb	Border: Isomer is < 1 day
¹⁹⁸Au	Border: Isomer is 1–10 days
⁹¹Nb	Border: Isomer is 10–100 days
¹⁰²Rh	Border: Isomer is 100 days – 10 years
⁹³Nb	Border: Isomer is 10–10,000 years
²⁰⁴Pb	Border: Isomer is 10k–103M years
¹⁸⁰Ta	Border: Isomer is Stable

Trends in the chart of nuclides[edit]

5	⁶H	⁷He	⁸Li	⁹Be	¹⁰B	¹¹C	¹²N	¹³O	¹⁴F	Ne	11	12	Al
6	⁷H	⁸He	⁹Li	¹⁰Be	¹¹B	¹²C	¹³N	¹⁴O	¹⁵F	¹⁶Ne	Na	Mg	¹⁹Al	14
	7	⁹He	¹⁰Li	¹¹Be	¹²B	¹³C	¹⁴N	¹⁵O	¹⁶F	¹⁷Ne	¹⁸Na	¹⁹Mg	²⁰Al	Si
	8	¹⁰He	¹¹Li	¹²Be	¹³B	¹⁴C	¹⁵N	¹⁶O	¹⁷F	¹⁸Ne	¹⁹Na	²⁰Mg	²¹Al	²²Si
		9	¹²Li	¹³Be	¹⁴B	¹⁵C	¹⁶N	¹⁷O	¹⁸F	¹⁹Ne	²⁰Na	²¹Mg	²²Al	²³Si

Fragment of table of nuclides for polonium, radium, copernicium and curium, as seen on a monument in front of University of Warsaw's Centre of New Technologies

Isotope half-lives. Note that the darker more stable isotope region departs from the line of protons (Z) = neutrons (N), as the element number Z becomes larger

Isotopes are nuclides with the same number of protons but differing numbers of neutrons; that is, they have the same atomic number and are therefore the same chemical element. Isotopes neighbor each other vertically, e.g., carbon-12, carbon-13, carbon-14 or oxygen-15, oxygen-16, oxygen-17.
Isotones are nuclides with the same number of neutrons but differing number of protons. Isotones neighbor each other horizontally. Example: carbon-14, nitrogen-15, oxygen-16 in the sample table above.
Isobars are nuclides with the same number of nucleons, i.e. mass number, but different numbers of protons and different number of neutrons. Isobars neighbor each other diagonally from lower-left to upper-right. Example: carbon-14, nitrogen-14, oxygen-14 in the sample table above.
Isodiaphers are nuclides with the same difference between neutrons and protons (N−Z). Like isobars, they follow diagonal lines, but at right angles to the isobar lines; from upper-left to lower right. Examples: boron-10, carbon-12, nitrogen-14 where N−Z=0; boron-12, carbon-14, nitrogen-16 where N−Z=2.
Beyond the neutron drip line along the lower left, nuclides decay by neutron emission.
Beyond the proton drip line along the upper right, nuclides decay by proton emission. Drip lines have only been established for some elements.
The island of stability is a hypothetical region of the table of nuclides that contains isotopes far more stable than other transuranic elements.
There are no stable nuclides having an equal number of protons and neutrons in their nuclei with atomic number greater than 20 (i.e. calcium) as can be readily "read" from the chart. Nuclei of greater atomic number require an excess of neutrons for stability.
The only stable nuclides having an odd number of protons and an odd number of neutrons are hydrogen-2, lithium-6, boron-10, nitrogen-14 and (observationally) tantalum-180m. This is because the mass-energy of such atoms is usually higher than that of their neighbors on the same isobaric chain, so most of them are unstable to beta decay.
There are no stable nuclides with mass numbers 5 or 8. There are stable nuclides with all other mass numbers up to 208 with the exceptions of 147 and 151. (Bismuth-209 was found to be radioactive in 2003, but with a half-life of 1.9×10¹⁹ years.)
With the possible exception of the pair tellurium-123 and antimony-123, odd mass numbers are never represented by more than one stable nuclide. This is because the mass-energy is a convex function of atomic number, so all nuclides on an odd isobaric chain except one have a lower-energy neighbor to which they can decay by beta decay.
There are no stable nuclides having atomic number greater than Z=82 (lead),^[5] although bismuth (Z=83) is stable for all practical human purposes. Elements with atomic numbers from 1 to 82 all have stable isotopes, with the exceptions of technetium (Z=43) and promethium (Z=61).

References[edit]

^ Kurt Guggenheimer. Journal de Physique et le Radium 5 (1934) 253
^ Giorgio Fea. Il Nuovo Cimento 2 (1935) 368
^ "What We Do: The Chart of Nuclides". Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2009.
^ The data for these tables came from Brookhaven National Laboratory which has an interactive Table of Nuclides with data on ~3000 nuclides.
^ Holden,CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition §11

External links[edit]

Interactive Chart of Nuclides (Brookhaven National Laboratory)
app for mobiles: Android or Apple - for PC use The Live Chart of Nuclides - IAEA
Another example of a Chart of Nuclides from Korea Data up to Jan 1999 only

[1] Kurt Guggenheimer. Journal de Physique et le Radium 5 (1934) 253

[2] Giorgio Fea. Il Nuovo Cimento 2 (1935) 368

[3] "What We Do: The Chart of Nuclides". Knolls Atomic Power Laboratory. Archived from the original on 18 October 2016. Retrieved 14 May 2009.

[4] The data for these tables came from Brookhaven National Laboratory which has an interactive Table of Nuclides with data on ~3000 nuclides.

[5] Holden,CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th Edition §11

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

v t e Charts of nuclides
Representations	List of nuclides, Table of nuclides segmented, wide segmented, narrow combined
Images	Nuclide map (segmented), Nuclide map (complete), Table of isotopes
Articles on isotopes of an element	Isotope index
Various tables and lists of the nuclides