1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
Hard rock
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Hard rock is a loosely defined subgenre of rock music that began in the mid-1960s, with the garage, psychedelic and blues rock movements. It is typified by a use of aggressive vocals, distorted electric guitars, bass guitar, drums. Hard rock developed into a form of popular music in the 1970s, with bands such as The Who, Led Zeppelin, Queen, Black Sabbath, Deep Purple, Aerosmith, AC/DC. During the 1980s, some rock bands moved away from their hard rock roots and more towards pop rock. Hard rock began losing popularity with the success of R&B, hip-hop, urban pop, grunge. Out of this movement came garage rock bands like The White Stripes, The Strokes, Interpol and, later on, in the 2000s, only a few hard rock bands from the 1970s and 1980s managed to sustain highly successful recording careers. Hard rock is a form of loud, aggressive rock music, the electric guitar is often emphasised, used with distortion and other effects, both as a rhythm instrument using repetitive riffs with a varying degree of complexity, and as a solo lead instrument. Drumming characteristically focuses on driving rhythms, strong drum and a backbeat on snare. The bass guitar works in conjunction with the drums, occasionally playing riffs, vocals are often growling, raspy, or involve screaming or wailing, sometimes in a high range, or even falsetto voice. In the late 1960s, the heavy metal was used interchangeably with hard rock. Heavy metal took on darker characteristics after Black Sabbaths breakthrough at the beginning of the 1970s, in the 1980s it developed a number of subgenres, often termed extreme metal, some of which were influenced by hardcore punk, and which further differentiated the two styles. Despite this differentiation, hard rock and heavy metal have existed side by side, with bands frequently standing on the boundary of, other antecedents include Link Wrays instrumental Rumble in 1958, and the surf rock instrumentals of Dick Dale, such as Lets Go Trippin and Misirlou. In the 1960s, American and British blues and rock bands began to rock and roll by adding harder sounds, heavier guitar riffs, bombastic drumming. From the late 1960s, it common to divide mainstream rock music that emerged from psychedelia into soft. Soft rock was often derived from rock, using acoustic instruments and putting more emphasis on melody. In contrast, hard rock was most often derived from rock and was played louder. Blues rock acts that pioneered the sound included Cream, The Jimi Hendrix Experience, Cream, in songs like I Feel Free combined blues rock with pop and psychedelia, particularly in the riffs and guitar solos of Eric Clapton. Jimi Hendrix produced a form of blues-influenced psychedelic rock, which combined elements of jazz, blues and rock, from 1967 Jeff Beck brought lead guitar to new heights of technical virtuosity and moved blues rock in the direction of heavy rock with his band, The Jeff Beck Group
3.
Word Up! (song)
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Word Up. is a funk and R&B song recorded by Cameo in 1986. Its frequent airing, on American dance and R&B radio, as well as its MTV music video, in the UK, it spent 10 weeks in the top 40, peaking at number 3 on September 21,1986. The song was written by band members Larry Blackmon and Tomi Jenkins, besides being a commercial success, the track also earned critical acclaim from several publications. Word Up. won Cameo the Soul Train Music Award for Best R&B/Soul Single as well as the NME Award for Best Dance Record, like the bands previous single Single Life, Word Up. Features a reference to the notes of Ennio Morricones theme to The Good, the Bad. Word Up was a colloquialism, popular in New York City and other US urban areas, Blackmon said of the song, It just sounded good, and it was before its time. You can play “Word Up” anyplace anywhere, and someone is going to be grooving and bobbing their head and our sound was unique, as well. I haven’t heard another one like it, and we probably won’t hear another one like it in the future and it was that significant for us. In the 1990s, Word Up. was first covered by British rock band Gun, whose version carried a harder, more rock-oriented sound, taken from their album Swagger, it was released on July 1,1994, and reached number 8 in the UK singles chart. Two versions of the CD single were released in the UK, each carrying different cover art, guns version of the song was featured on the soundtrack to 1996 film Barb Wire, and was also used in the CSI, Crime Scene Investigation season one episode Who Are You. The Gun version was featured on the 2011 series of British television show Dancing on Ice. Word Up. was later covered by Mel B of the Spice Girls and it was released on June 28,1999. It peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart, the single was also on the Austin Powers, The Spy Who Shagged Me soundtrack and was later featured on the Japanese edition of her album Hot. Word Up. sold about 77,996 copies in the United Kingdom, Digital download EP Word Up –3,23 Sophisticated Lady –2,43 Word Up –5,31 Word Up. by American nu metal band Korn is a cover of the Cameo song. Its musical arrangements are similar to that of the version by Gun. It is the only Korn single to be sent out to Top 40 radio stations, notably receiving airplay on New York Citys Z-100, the largest Top 40 station in the US. The music video for the song, directed by Antti Jokinen, the cover was featured in Credit Where Credits Due, an episode of the television series Veronica Mars. The track is featured in the video game Lego Rock Band
4.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
5.
Toby Jepson
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Toby Matthew Jepson is a singer and songwriter, and was lead vocalist and guitarist in the British rock band Little Angels between 1984 and 1994. Between 2008 and 2010, he was the singer with Scottish rock band Gun. Jepson formed Mr Thrud with his school friend Mark Plunkett in Scarborough, eventually breaking out and achieving national success, Mr Thrud became Little Angels and went on to release three albums and tour the UK throughout the early 1990s. The band had twelve Top 40 hit singles, including Too Much, Too Young and Womankind in 1993, and they toured with Bon Jovi, Bryan Adams and Van Halen, and performed their own headlining tours taking in venues such as Hammersmith Apollo and The Royal Albert Hall. They were arguably one of the most successful and popular British bands of their time, when the band split in 1994, Jepson continued to write and produce music. His solo debut album was released in 1995 under the moniker Toby & The Whole Truth, Ignorance Is Bliss showed a different side to his songwriting, and he embarked on a tour to support it. This tour was cut due to illness that developed into pneumonia, and this affected sales of the album and his profile. Jepson spent a long out of the spotlight, during which time he moved to Bristol. He earned a living working as an actor on various productions and busying himself with various projects - including writing and recording. He returned to the eye in late 2001 and announced a short club tour with a new band. He toured the UK through the start of 2002, and released the Refresh EP over the Internet, a re-issue of Ignorance Is Bliss was also made available at this time. As a premium membership feature of his website, he launched the MP3 Club in which subscribers would receive exclusive recordings delivered straight to their inbox via email every month. Jepson and his continued writing and recording when they got off the road. Around this time work commenced on Twisted Rhapsodies, a collection of live material, demos. Before its release, however, Jepson announced over his website that it was likely that this was to be his final output, in November 2005, Jepsons fortunes appear to have improved considerably, and he resurfaced again to tour with Thunder. He toured twice in the UK during 2006, The first tour supporting Thunder, and this new tour premiered new songs to a fan base. In March 2007, Jepson released the first of three EPs entitled Guitar, Bass and Drums, and immediately began touring to promote them. In addition to headlining his own shows, he was a special guest to former Black Sabbath vocalist Glenn Hughes, at a date in Shepherds Bush, EP2 was released in September 2007 to rave reviews
6.
A&M Records
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A&M Records was an American record label founded as an independent label by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss in 1962. Due to the success of the discography A&M released, the label garnered interest and was acquired by PolyGram in 1989. Today, A&Ms catalog releases are managed by Verve Records, Universal Music Enterprises, A&M Records was formed in 1962 by Herb Alpert and Jerry Moss. Their first choice for a name was Carnival Records, under which they released two singles before discovering another label had already taken the Carnival name, the company was subsequently renamed A&M, after Alperts and Mosss initials. From 1966 to 1999, the headquarters were on the grounds of the historic Charlie Chaplin Studios at 1416 North La Brea Avenue. Marc Benno, Liza Minnelli, Rita Coolidge, Wes Montgomery, Paul Desmond, Bobby Tench, Hummingbird, Toni Basil, folk artists Joan Baez, Phil Ochs and Gene Clark also recorded for the label during the 1970s. Billy Preston joined the label in 1971, followed by Andre Popp, in the 1970s, under its manufacturing and distribution agreement with Ode Records, A&M released albums by Carole King and the comedy duo Cheech & Chong. On March 10,1977, A&M signed the Sex Pistols after the band had dropped by EMI. However, A&M dropped the band within a week, within a decade of its inception, A&M became the worlds largest independent record company. A&M releases were issued in the United Kingdom by EMIs Stateside Records label. From 1969, A&M set up their own UK base appointing John Deacon as General Manager - a post he held until 1979, A&M releases were also issued in Australia through Festival Records until 1989. A&M Records Ltd. was established in 1970, with distribution handled by other labels with a presence in Europe, A&M Records of Canada Ltd. was also formed in 1970, and A&M Records of Europe in 1977. In 1979, A&M entered an agreement with RCA Records in the USA. A&M was bought by PolyGram in 1989, Alpert and Moss continued to manage the label until 1993. In 1998, Alpert and Moss sued PolyGram for breach of the integrity clause, in 1991, A&M launched Perspective Records as a joint venture with producing team Jimmy Jam and Terry Lewis. Jam and Lewis stepped down as CEOs of the imprint in 1997, in 1999, the label was absorbed into A&M. In the mid-1990s, A&M began distributing its PolyGram sister label Polydor Records in the USA, ceCe Peniston, Intelligent Hoodlum, Dred Scott, Ridel High and the Gin Blossoms. The company released the soundtracks Robin Hood, Prince of Thieves, The Three Musketeers, Sabrina, The Living Sea, Demolition Man, and Lethal Weapon 3
7.
Gallus (album)
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Gallus is the second album from Scottish rock band Gun. Singles Higher Ground, Steal Your Fire, and Welcome to the Real World reached #48, #24, gallus itself peaked at the #14 slot on the countrys official albums chart. The releases cover shows Benny Lynch, a renowned Scottish boxer from Glasgow, he achieved international fame during his career and continued notoriety after his death in August 1946. The albums release took place when the group was a made up of vocalist Mark Rankin alongside guitarists Alex Dickson and Giuliano Gizzi, bassist Dante Gizzi. Gallus was produced by Kenny MacDonald, who had previously produced work by singer-songwriter Lloyd Cole, al Clay did the audio engineering on the album. He had previously engineered releases by such as the American groups Pixies
8.
Swagger (Gun album)
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Swagger is the third album from the Glasgow, Scotland based rock band Gun. It features their most successful single, their cover of Word Up, done in the groups melodic hard rock style, provided a commercial boost to its parent album. Their version earned the band the Best Cover trophy at the first international MTV Europe Music Awards, the track was originally recorded by American funk group Cameo. The album produced a total of four U. K, top 40 singles between July 1994 and April 1995, Word Up. Dont Say Its Over, The Only One, and Something Worthwhile, the first track was on the official British singles chart for a total of seven weeks. Swagger has also received mixed to positive reviews from various publications such as Allmusic. The albums release took place after a change in the bands line-up, with the group becoming a quartet made up of Mark Rankin, Giuliano Gizzi, Dante Gizzi. Swagger was produced and engineered by Chris Sheldon and he had previously worked with other English, Irish, and Scottish artists such as the singer-songwriters Hugh Cornwell, Gary Numan, and Roger Waters in the 1980s and 1990s. Nina Schultz took the photographs of the group from which the cover was picked. In 2005, the album was ranked #465 in the German language book The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time, an online article from the publication stated that each and every track on the album could potentially serve as a hit single. A supportive yet mixed review by music critic Tim DiGravina of Allmusic stated that the group finds it hard to settle on any one style throughout Swagger while noting the large cult following. The critic also remarked on the similarity of style in some respects to Simple Minds, mentioning how Guns then drummer, Mark Kerr, is the brother of that other groups vocalist, Jim Kerr. Guns version of Word Up. won the Best Cover trophy at the first international MTV Europe Music Awards, with that event being held on November 24,1994 at Brandenburg Gate in Berlin. Said event was hosted by notable singer-songwriter Tom Jones, Gun edged out Wet Wet Wets take on Love Is All Around and the Pet Shop Boys cover of Go West among other songs. Swagger reached the peak of #5 on the official British albums chart, stand in Line Find My Way Word Up. Dont Say Its Over The Only One Something Worthwhile Seems Like Im Losing You Crying Over You One Reason Vicious Heart 1994 in music Chris Sheldon production discography Gun - Official Website
9.
Rock Radio Scotland
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Rock Radio Glasgow is a New Scottish independent local radio station owned by RockScotLtd. The majority of programming will soon broadcast from its studios in Glasgow, the station launched as Rock Radio Scotlands first classic rock station by GMG Radio when they bought the licence previous owned by UTV Radio and branded as Q96, playing pop music of all types. On 28 July 2011 it was announced that GMG Radio would be rebranding sister station 106.1 Rock Radio as Real Radio XS for its Manchester audience. Around the same time, the director announced his departure from the station. Two months later, GMG announced the station would not be sold off and it was confirmed in March that the relaunch would take place on 7 April 2014. At other times the station simulcasts Xfm London content, the station was based at Baillieston to the east of Glasgow and broadcast to Renfrewshire, Ayrshire, West Central Scotland and Central Scotland until the end of 2015 as XFM. The licence has since been readvertised for Glasgow and The West of Scotland, the relaunch of 96. 3FM is due to be announced, with officials suggesting that the station may launch in the Summer. Tom Russell Billy Rankin Ted Rock Jim Gellatly Official website
10.
Classic Rock (magazine)
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Classic Rock is a British magazine dedicated to rock music, published by Future PLC, who are also responsible for its sister publications Metal Hammer and Prog magazine. Although firmly focusing on key bands from the 1960s through early 1990s, it includes articles and reviews of contemporary. Despite starting as a project it became one of the UKs best selling music magazines. In September 2010 it published its 150th issue and now has a circulation than the NME. Former owner TeamRock bought Metal Hammer, Prog and Classic Rock from Future PLC in 2013, on 19 December 2016, TeamRock called in the administrators with the loss of 73 jobs, after experiencing financial difficulties, and suspended publication of all three titles. On 8 January 2017, Classic Rock, along with sister magazines Metal Hammer and Prog, were bought by previous owners Future Publishing for £800,000, the magazine focuses on established bands with credentials dating back to the 1960s. Indeed, many of the artists who have appeared on its cover are deceased, more recent acts to have been on the cover include The Darkness and Velvet Revolver have been on it twice. Despite the dominating nature of acts undeniably falling into the category of classic rock, Classic Rock reviews any release that even comes close to being classified as rock, including albums, DVDs, concerts and books. It includes an award for best new band. Acts such as Rose Hill Drive, Muse, DragonForce, The Trews, Wolfmother, for the 91st issue, the magazine presented The 100 Greatest British Rock Albums Ever, which were voted for by Classic Rock staff and various people associated with rock music. The magazine decided to let AC/DC be classed as a British act, all of the bands singers and guitarists Angus and Malcolm Young are of UK descent. Led Zeppelins Led Zeppelin IV reached first place, the 100th issue contained all the regular features, but only one article, in which 100 names in rock were asked to write a piece on their nomination for a rock icon. The 200th issue contained short interviews with 200 different rock artists, including Black Sabbath, Ian Anderson of Jethro Tull, Lars Ulrich of Metallica, and Thijs van Leer of Focus. Classic Rock has also published, in conjunction with Metal Hammer, special decade issues featuring 1970s, 1980s, in 2007, three special editions were also published with bonus DVDs for £7.50. These each focussed on one genre of rock music - first blues rock, then progressive rock, a special 2007 collectors edition bookazine was produced entitled High Voltage, featuring stories by Mick Wall and photographs by Ross Halfin on Jimmy Page, Ozzy Osbourne, and Axl Rose. In 2010, Classic Rock partnered with Road Runner Record UK to publish the Classic Rock Presents, the partnership marks the first-time a major album has been released exclusively with a magazine publisher, ahead of general release. The Classic Rock Roll of Honour Awards are an awards program established in 2004. Winners of the awards are chosen by the team and voted on by readers of the magazine
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