1.
Washington, D.C.
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Washington, D. C. formally the District of Columbia and commonly referred to as Washington, the District, or simply D. C. is the capital of the United States. The signing of the Residence Act on July 16,1790, Constitution provided for a federal district under the exclusive jurisdiction of the Congress and the District is therefore not a part of any state. The states of Maryland and Virginia each donated land to form the federal district, named in honor of President George Washington, the City of Washington was founded in 1791 to serve as the new national capital. In 1846, Congress returned the land ceded by Virginia, in 1871. Washington had an population of 681,170 as of July 2016. Commuters from the surrounding Maryland and Virginia suburbs raise the population to more than one million during the workweek. The Washington metropolitan area, of which the District is a part, has a population of over 6 million, the centers of all three branches of the federal government of the United States are in the District, including the Congress, President, and Supreme Court. Washington is home to national monuments and museums, which are primarily situated on or around the National Mall. The city hosts 176 foreign embassies as well as the headquarters of international organizations, trade unions, non-profit organizations, lobbying groups. A locally elected mayor and a 13‑member council have governed the District since 1973, However, the Congress maintains supreme authority over the city and may overturn local laws. D. C. residents elect a non-voting, at-large congressional delegate to the House of Representatives, the District receives three electoral votes in presidential elections as permitted by the Twenty-third Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified in 1961. Various tribes of the Algonquian-speaking Piscataway people inhabited the lands around the Potomac River when Europeans first visited the area in the early 17th century, One group known as the Nacotchtank maintained settlements around the Anacostia River within the present-day District of Columbia. Conflicts with European colonists and neighboring tribes forced the relocation of the Piscataway people, some of whom established a new settlement in 1699 near Point of Rocks, Maryland. 43, published January 23,1788, James Madison argued that the new government would need authority over a national capital to provide for its own maintenance. Five years earlier, a band of unpaid soldiers besieged Congress while its members were meeting in Philadelphia, known as the Pennsylvania Mutiny of 1783, the event emphasized the need for the national government not to rely on any state for its own security. However, the Constitution does not specify a location for the capital, on July 9,1790, Congress passed the Residence Act, which approved the creation of a national capital on the Potomac River. The exact location was to be selected by President George Washington, formed from land donated by the states of Maryland and Virginia, the initial shape of the federal district was a square measuring 10 miles on each side, totaling 100 square miles. Two pre-existing settlements were included in the territory, the port of Georgetown, Maryland, founded in 1751, many of the stones are still standing
2.
Howard University
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Howard University is a federally chartered, private, coeducational, nonsectarian, historically black university in Washington, D. C. It is classified by the Carnegie Foundation as a university with high research activity and is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education. From its outset it has been nonsectarian and open to people of both genders and all races, Howard is classified as a Tier 1 national university and ranks second among HBCUs by U. S. News & World Report. Howard is the only HBCU ranked in the top 75 on the 2015 Bloomberg Businessweek college rankings, the Princeton Review ranked the school of business #1 in opportunities for minority students and in the top five for most competitive students. The National Law Journal ranked the law school among the top 25 in the nation for placing graduates at the best law firms, Howard has produced four Rhodes Scholars between 1986 and 2017. Between 1998 and 2009, Howard University produced a Marshall Scholar, in 2011, the Huffington Post named Howard the second best-dressed college in the nation. Howard is the most comprehensive HBCU in the nation and produces the most black doctorate recipients of any university, within a few weeks, the project expanded to include a provision for establishing a university. Within two years, the University consisted of the Colleges of Liberal Arts and Medicine, the new institution was named for General Oliver Otis Howard, a Civil War hero, who was both the founder of the University and, at the time, Commissioner of the Freedmens Bureau. Howard later served as President of the university from 1869–74, U. S. Congress chartered Howard on March 2,1867, and much of its early funding came from endowment, private benefaction, and tuition. An annual congressional appropriation administered by the U. S. Department of Education funds Howard University, many improvements were made on campus. Howard Hall was renovated and made a dormitory for women, J. Stanley Durkee, Howards last white president, was appointed in 1918. The Great Depression years of the 1930s brought hardship to campus, despite appeals from Eleanor Roosevelt, Howard saw its budget cut below Hoover administration levels during the Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt. Howard University has played an important role in American history and the Civil Rights Movement on a number of occasions, alain Locke, Chair of the Department of Philosophy and first African American Rhodes Scholar, authored The New Negro, which helped to usher in the Harlem Renaissance. Ralph Bunche, the first Nobel Peace Prize winner of African descent, beginning in 1942, Howard University students pioneered the stool-sitting technique, which was to play a prominent role in the later civil rights movement. By January,1943, students had begun to organize regular sit-ins and pickets at cigar stores and cafeterias around Washington and these protests continued until the administration asked the students to stop in the Fall of 1944. Historian Rayford Logan served as chair of the Department of History, E. Franklin Frazier served as chair of the Department of Sociology. Sterling Allen Brown served as chair of the Department of English, at the time, the Voting Rights bill was still pending in the House of Representatives. In 1975 the historic Freedmans Hospital closed after 112 years of use as Howard University College of Medicines primary teaching hospital, Howard University Hospital opened that same year and continues to be used as Howard University College of Medicines primary teaching hospital with service to the surrounding community
3.
Baby Boy (film)
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Baby Boy is a 2001 American coming-of-age hood film written, produced, and directed by John Singleton. The film follows bicycle mechanic Joseph Jody Summers as he lives and it represented the film debut of actress Taraji P. Henson and R&B singer Tyrese Gibson. Gibson and Henson later starred in the film Four Brothers, the film, originally set to star Tupac Shakur, instead switched to Gibson after Shakurs 1996 death. A 20-year-old man named Joseph Jody Summers lives with his 36-year-old mother Juanita and he spends most of his time with his unemployed best friend Sweetpea, and does not seem interested in becoming a responsible adult. However, he is forced to mature as a result of an ex-con named Melvin, at the beginning of the movie, Jody visits Yvette at the clinic to find out that she is pregnant. Yvette constantly asks Jody if he ever come live with her and their son so they could be like a family. Jody also continues seeing and having sex with women, including Peanut. Jody also nearly has sex with 23 year-old Pandora, Yvettes colleague and co-worker and this becomes an issue between him and Yvette as well, especially since Yvette and Peanut do not get along and Yvette is not getting along with Pandora. When she discovers his cheating, they get in an argument which results in Yvette punching Jody in the face. After this, Yvette changes the locks on the door and this infuriates Jody and they get into an argument, which JoJo witnesses. Eventually, Yvettes gangster ex-boyfriend Rodney is released from San Quentin State Prison, Rodney doesnt care for Yvette and JoJo and wants to impregnate Yvette himself. Rodney attempts to rape Yvette in front of her son, but reconsiders after being guilted by Yvette, despite their previous differences, Yvette begins to realize she is still in love with Jody. For the next couple of days Yvette lives in fear and disgust of Rodney being there, Rodney, who realizes this, steals the money from her wallet and takes off in her car to go and find Jody. Rodney tries to kill Jody in a shooting, however. Juanita finds marijuana in her garden and blames Jody for planting it, Jody becomes angry at his mom and blames Melvin for the marijuana. Melvin comes home and admits to Jodys mom that he planted it, Jody and Melvin get into a heated argument, which results in Melvin punching him in the face and breaking the table. Jody leaves the house to see Sweetpea, after this, Yvette kicks Rodney and his friends out of her apartment. Eventually, after some more bickering, Yvette and Jody reconcile at Sweetpeas house, Jody and Sweetpea confront Rodney, and as he attempts to escape, Jody shoots him in the back of the legs
4.
Hustle & Flow
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Hustle & Flow is a 2005 American independent drama film written and directed by Craig Brewer and produced by John Singleton and Stephanie Allain. It was released on July 22,2005, terrence Howard stars as a Memphis hustler and pimp who faces his aspiration to become a rapper. The film is dedicated to Sun Records founder Sam Phillips, the film won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for Three 6 Mafias song Its Hard out Here for a Pimp. Howard was nominated for Best Actor, DJay is a pimp and drug dealer who is dissatisfied with his life. After acquiring a keyboard and reacquainting himself with an old friend from school, Key, Key and his sound-mixer friend Shelby help DJay put together several flow songs in which he expresses the frustrations of a small-time hustler struggling to survive. The group experiences many setbacks throughout the creative process, DJay must hustle those around him in order to procure proper equipment and recording time, and Keys relationship with his wife becomes strained. DJay throws out one of his prostitutes, Lexus, along with her one-year-old son Roger, after their first recording, DJay begins to show a romantic interest in Shug. DJays friend, Arnel, informs him that Skinny Black, a successful Memphis rapper, DJay gains admittance to the party under the pretext of providing marijuana, with the intention of giving Skinny Black his demo tape. Black is dismissive at first, but after a night of reminiscing DJay successfully persuades him into taking the tape. Before leaving the party, however, DJay discovers that the drunken Black has destroyed his tape, when DJay confronts Skinny Black, Black laughs at the idea of touring with DJay and insults him. In a fit of rage, DJay beats and pistol whips Black with his own gun, realizing what he has done, DJay attempts to resuscitate the unconscious Black, until a member of Blacks crew enters the bathroom and quickly pulls out his gun. DJay shoots the man in his arm, then him as a human shield to make his escape. DJay arrives home to find the police and Blacks associates waiting for him, DJay turns himself in and tells Nola to keep his writing pad, with his rap lyrics. He tells her she is in charge of getting his songs on radio stations. DJay is charged for assault and possession of a firearm and is sentenced to 11 months in prison, while serving his time, DJay gets a visit from Key. When Key asks DJay if he really knew Skinny Black, DJay reveals that he made it up in order to keep the dream alive. DJay learns from Key that Nola has hustled the local radio DJs into playing his songs, Key says he and Nola want to discuss his future plans. The film ends as we see a duo of prison guards who have their own rap group asking DJay to listen to their demo, DJay accepts their tape and responds with, You know what they say, everybody gotta have a dream
5.
David Fincher
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David Andrew Leo Fincher is an American director and producer, notably for films, television series, and music videos. He was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Director for the fantasy drama The Curious Case of Benjamin Button. For the latter, he won the Golden Globe Award for Best Director and his films Zodiac and The Social Network are ranked in BBCs 2016 poll of the greatest motion pictures since 2000. Howard died of cancer in April 2003, Fincher knew from a young age he wanted to go into filmmaking. When Fincher was two old, the family moved to San Anselmo, California, where filmmaker George Lucas was one of his neighbors. Fincher moved to Ashland, Oregon in his teens, where he graduated from Ashland High School, inspired by Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, Fincher began making movies at age eight with an 8mm camera. Fincher was employed at Korty Films as a production assistant and he moved up the ranks and became a visual effects producer, working on the animated Twice Upon a Time. He was hired by Industrial Light & Magic in 1983 as an assistant cameraman and matte photographer, and worked on Return of the Jedi and Indiana Jones, in 1984, he left ILM to direct a commercial for the American Cancer Society that depicted a fetus smoking a cigarette. This quickly brought Fincher to the attention of producers in Los Angeles, though he would continue to direct spots for Levis, Converse, Nike, Pepsi, Revlon, Sony, Coca-Cola, Chanel, and other companies, Fincher began to focus on music videos. Set on a career, Fincher co-founded video-production company Propaganda Films and started off directing music videos. After directing several music videos, Finchers feature debut was Alien 3, while it received an Oscar nomination for visual effects, the film was not well received by critics or moviegoers. Fincher became involved with disputes with 20th Century Fox over script. In Directors Cut, Picturing Hollywood in the 21st Century, he blames the producers for not putting the necessary trust in him. He stated in an interview with The Guardian in 2009, No one hated it more than me, to this day, no one hates it more than me. After this, he retreated back into the world of commercial, the film, based on a screenplay by Andrew Kevin Walker, told the story of two detectives tracking down a serial killer who bases his killings on the seven deadly sins. The film grossed more than $100 million domestically, after the success of Seven, Fincher went on to film The Game. The story focused on a closed-off San Francisco businessman who receives a gift from his younger brother. The film had middling box-office returns despite being well received by critics, Fight Club is a screen adaptation of Chuck Palahniuks 1996 novel about an insomniac office worker who opens up a club devoted exclusively to bare knuckle fighting for men
6.
The Curious Case of Benjamin Button (film)
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The Curious Case of Benjamin Button is a 2008 American romantic fantasy drama film directed by David Fincher. The storyline by Eric Roth and Robin Swicord is loosely based on the 1922 short story of the name by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The film stars Brad Pitt as a man who ages in reverse, the film was released in North America on December 25,2008 to positive reviews. In August 2005, elderly Daisy Fuller is on her deathbed in a New Orleans hospital as Hurricane Katrina approaches, she asks her daughter, Caroline, to read aloud from the diary of Benjamin Button. From the reading, it is revealed that on the evening of November 11,1918, the babys mother died after giving birth, and the father, Thomas Button, abandons the infant on the porch of a nursing home. Queenie and Mr. Tizzy Weathers, workers at the home, find the baby. Benjamin learns to walk in 1925, he declares it a miracle, on Thanksgiving 1930, Benjamin meets seven-year-old Daisy, whose grandmother lives in the nursing home. He and Daisy become good friends, later, he accepts work on a tugboat captained by Mike Clark. Benjamin also meets Thomas Button, who does not reveal that he is Benjamins father, in Autumn 1936, Benjamin leaves New Orleans for a long-term work engagement with the tugboat crew, Daisy later is accepted into a dance company in New York City under choreographer George Balanchine. In 1941, Benjamin is in Murmansk, where he begins having an affair with Elizabeth Abbott and that December, Japan attacks Pearl Harbor, thrusting the United States into World War II. Mike volunteers the boat for the U. S. Navy, during a patrol, the tugboat finds a sunken U. S. transport and the bodies of many American troops. A German submarine surfaces, Mike steers the tugboat full speed towards it while a German gunner fires on the tugboat, killing most of the crew, the tugboat rams the submarine, causing it to explode, sinking both vessels. Benjamin and another crewman are rescued by U. S. Navy ships the next day, in May 1945, Benjamin returns to New Orleans and reunites with Queenie. A few weeks later, he reunites with Daisy, they go out for dinner, upon failing to seduce him afterward, she departs. Benjamin later reunites with Thomas Button, who, terminally ill, reveals he is Benjamins father and wills Benjamin his button company, in 1947, Benjamin visits Daisy in New York unannounced but departs upon seeing that she has fallen in love with someone else. In 1954, Daisys dancing career ends when her leg is crushed in an accident in Paris. When Benjamin visits her, Daisy is amazed by his youthful appearance, in spring 1962, Daisy returns to New Orleans and reunites with Benjamin. Now of comparable physical age, they fall in love and go sailing together and they return to learn that Queenie has died, then move in together
7.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actress who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Gale Sondergaard was the first winner of award for her role in Anthony Adverse. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 78 actresses. Dianne Wiest and Shelley Winters have received the most awards in this category with two awards each, despite winning no awards, Thelma Ritter was nominated on six occasions, more than any other actress. As of the 2017 ceremony, Viola Davis is the most recent winner in category for her role as Rose Maxson in Fences. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, inside Oscar, The Unofficial History of the Academy Awards. New York, United States, Ballantine Books, oscars. org Oscar. com The Academy Awards Database
8.
Date Night
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It was released in the United States on April 9,2010, and grossed $152 million against its $55 million budget. Phil and Claire Foster are a couple from New Jersey with two children, Ollie and Charlotte, and whose domestic life has become boring and routine. Phil is a tax lawyer while Claire is a realtor, to avoid the routine that had become their weekly date night, Phil decides that he will take Claire to a trendy Manhattan restaurant, but they cannot get a table. Phil takes a reservation from a couple, the Tripplehorns. While eating they are approached by two men, Collins and Armstrong, who question them about a flash drive they believe Phil, Phil and Claire explain that they are not the Tripplehorns, but the men threaten them at gunpoint. Not seeing any way out, Phil tells them it is in a boathouse in Central Park. At the boathouse, Claire pretends to search, while Collins and Armstrongs backs are turned, Phil hits them with a paddle, at a police station, Phil and Claire talk with Detective Arroyo, but discover Collins and Armstrong are also detectives, presumably on Milettos payroll. Realizing they cannot trust the police, they decide to find the real Tripplehorns and they return to the restaurant and find the cellphone number of the Tripplehorns. Claire remembers a former client, Holbrooke Grant, is a security expert and he is consistently seen never wearing a shirt. At his apartment, Grant traces the signal to an apartment owned by Tom Felton. Collins and Armstrong arrive, but Phil and Claire escape in Grants Audi R8 and they arrive at Feltons apartment and break in. They question Felton, nicknamed Taste, and his wife Whippit about the flash drive and it turns out that they went to the restaurant, but left when they spotted Collins. Realizing they are in danger, the give the flash drive to Phil. When Phil and Claire get back in the Audi, Armstrong, Phil and Claire crash the Audi head-on into a Ford Crown Victoria taxicab, resulting in their Audi and the Ford being attached at the bumpers. Phil and the cab driver decide to drive off to get away, Phil climbs into the Ford to navigate while Claire navigates the Audi. Phil checks the flash drive on the drivers Amazon Kindle and finds pictures of district attorney Frank Crenshaw with prostitutes, after evading Collins and Armstrong, they are eventually hit and are separated by an SUV. The cab falls into the river, Phil and the driver escape, in a subway, Phil determines that Felton obtained the flash drive to blackmail Crenshaw. They return to Grants apartment, and Grant is reluctant to help after becoming exhausted by their incompetence, Phil and Claire go to an illegal strip club that Crenshaw frequents, with Claire under the guise of a new prostitute and Phil as her pimp
9.
The Karate Kid (2010 film)
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The Karate Kid is a 2010 Chinese-American martial arts drama film directed by Harald Zwart. It stars Jaden Smith, Jackie Chan and Taraji P. Henson in lead roles, the screenplay by Christopher Murphey was from the story written by Robert Mark Kamen for the original 1984 film of the same name. Unlike the original, this remake is set in China, the films music was composed by James Horner. Principal photography took place in Beijing, China and filming began around July 2009, the Karate Kid was released theatrically worldwide on June 11,2010 by Sony Pictures. The Karate Kid received mixed reviews and it earned $359.1 million on a $40 million budget, the plot concerns 12-year-old Dre from Detroit, Michigan who moves to Beijing, China with his mother and runs afoul of the neighborhood bully. He makes an ally in the form of an aging maintenance man, Mr. Han. 12-year-old Dre Parker and his mother Sherry move from Detroit to Beijing after Sherry gets a job transfer at her car factory, after a day in a Chinese park, Dre develops a crush on a young violinist, Meiying, who reciprocates his attention. During an attack one day, the maintenance man Mr. Han comes to Dres aid, after Han mends Dres injuries using fire cupping, Dre asks if Mr. Han could teach him kung fu to get revenge on his attackers. Han refuses, but meets Chengs teacher Master Li to make peace, Li, who teaches his students to show no mercy to their enemies, insists that Han or Dre must fight his students. Li accepts the offer, but tells Han that if Dre does not show up and he teaches this by having Dre go through various actions with his jacket, which teaches Dre muscle memory moves. Han then takes Dre to a temple in the Wudang Mountains where he trained with his father years ago. He drinks the water from a secret, ancient Chinese well for good luck, during the course of their training, Han gives Dre a day off and, as Dres relationship with Meiying continues, he persuades her to cut school for a day of fun. Dismayed, Dre goes to Han that night, only to find him smashing a car he was working on, apparently drunk. Han tells Dre that he crashed the same car years ago during a dispute with his wife, Han fixes the car every year but smashes it to help him remember the day they died. Dre works much harder in his training in order to help Han get over the incident. Han assists Dre in reading a note of apology to Meiyings father in Chinese, impressed and forgiving, he accepts and promises that Meiying, at the tournament, Dre is initially intimidated, but soon begins beating his opponents and advances to the semifinals. Cheng, who finishes off his opponents violently, also does so, Dre comes up against Liang, one of Lis more sympathetic students and the least vicious of Dres tormentors. Under Lis goading, Liang severely hurts Dres leg and is disqualified as a result, despite Hans insistence that he has already earned respect for his performance, Dre convinces him to mend his leg by using the ancient Chinese fire cupping technique in order to continue fighting
10.
The Division
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The Division is an American crime drama television series created by Deborah Joy LeVine and starring Bonnie Bedelia. The series focused on a team of police officers in the San Francisco Police Department. The series premiered on Lifetime on January 7,2001 and ended on June 28,2004 after 88 episodes, the show focused on the lives of five policewomen in the felony division headed by Captain Kate McCafferty. Storylines revolved around the personal and professional lives, and their attempts to balance both. The series tackled such topics as alcoholism, drug addiction, homophobia, the series premiered on January 7,2001, earning a 3.1 rating and drew the largest audience of any basic cable original series premiere in 2001. After 4 seasons, the show was canceled on June 28,2004, the Division later was rebroadcast on the Lifetime network after its cancellation in various timeslots until 2007. As of 2008, reruns of the air on Lifetime Real Women. James L. Avery, Sr. com The Division at epguides. com
11.
Boston Legal
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Boston Legal is an American legal dramedy created by David E. Kelley and produced in association with 20th Century Fox Television for ABC. The series aired from October 3,2004, to December 8,2008, prior to the shows premiere, it had a working title of Fleet Street, an allusion to the real street in Boston where the fictitious Crane, Poole & Schmidt had its offices. The working title was modified to The Practice, Fleet Street. The real building shown as the law office is located at 500 Boylston Street,1.4 miles away from Fleet Street, the American producers of the series also hired British writer Sir John Mortimer, QC, as a consultant for Boston Legal. The shows pilot was produced with former The Practice stars James Spader and Rhona Mitra, guest stars William Shatner and Lake Bell. It featured a storyline with Larry Miller as Edwin Poole. Monica Potter was later cast as junior partner Lori Colson and René Auberjonois as senior partner Paul Lewiston, the pilot premiered on ABC on October 3,2004. On November 30,2004, it was announced that Candice Bergen would join the cast as senior partner Shirley Schmidt, Lake Bell left the series mid-season, and René Auberjonois was promoted to main cast member. Anthony Heald and Betty White also made regular guest appearances, having appeared as the same characters on The Practice. The success of Greys Anatomy placed Boston Legal on hold until autumn 2005, both Rhona Mitra and Monica Potter left the series during the hiatus, while Julie Bowen was cast as Denise Bauer. Ryan Michelle Bathe and Justin Mentell were later cast as junior associates Sara Holt, the second episode of Season 3 introduced Craig Bierko as Jeffrey Coho and Constance Zimmer as Claire Simms. In Episode 11, guest star Gary Anthony Williams joined the cast, on June 4,2007, TV Guide announced that René Auberjonois, Julie Bowen, Mark Valley, and Constance Zimmer would not return for Season 4. Christian Clemenson, who had guest-starred occasionally as Jerry Espenson – was promoted to main cast, production also stated that René Auberjonois, Mark Valley, Julie Bowen, and Constance Zimmer may return in guest roles. Burrows later became a full-time cast member, on May 13,2008, ABC announced that Boston Legal would return for a fifth season in the fall. Saffron Burrows did not return as a regular, having joined the cast of My Own Worst Enemy. The final season consisted of 13 episodes to reach the 100 episode mark, there was speculation that Boston Legal might receive an additional episode-order if the show had another strong showing in the Emmy Awards and produced solid ratings in its new fall time slot. The season began airing on September 22,2008, on June 18 and June 20,2008, it was reported that Gary Anthony Williams and Taraji P. Henson would not return for Season 5 as Clarence Bell and Whitney Rome, respectively. On July 17,2008, Boston Legal was nominated for a series-high seven Emmy nominations, Spader, Bergen, and Shatner were each nominated for their respective roles
12.
Eli Stone
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Eli Stone is an American legal comedy-drama TV series, named for its title character. The series was created by Greg Berlanti and Marc Guggenheim, who served as executive producers alongside Ken Olin who directed the pilot. The series originally aired on ABC from January 31,2008 to July 11,2009 and his visions lead him to accept cases with little monetary gain but a lot of moral goodness, Stone also predicts an earthquake that hits San Francisco. Other such events throughout the course of the series. The series has met with generally favorable reviews from critics. Eli suffers from a brain aneurysm that causes him to have realistic hallucinations often relating to the plot of the episode to the extent that he may be considered a modern-day prophet. Pop singer George Michael was featured throughout the first season of the series. Berlanti is a fan of Michael and made an effort to have him appear on the show, as luck would have it, Michael claimed he was a TV junkie. The shows legal setting, mixture of comedy and drama, Eli Stone premiered on Thursday, January 31,2008 at 10,00 Eastern/9,00 Central, following the return of Lost, its first season finale aired April 17,2008. On May 13,2008, ABC officially announced that the show had been renewed for the 2008–09 season, moreover, in Canada, CTVglobemedia announced that they would send down the series to CTVs relaunched A television system for the 2008–2009 season. Season 2 premiered on Tuesday, October 14 at 10,00 Eastern/9,00 Central. On November 20,2008, however, ABC told the producers that it had opted not to order any new episodes. The last scheduled episode of Eli Stone aired on December 30,2008, the final four episodes of the series aired on Saturdays at 10,00 Eastern/9,00 Central on ABC starting Saturday, June 20,2009. The final episode, Flight Path, aired on July 11,2009, the unaired episodes starting with Sonoma were broadcast in Ireland by RTÉ starting March 13,2009. The British Sci-Fi channel aired the four episodes starting March 16,2009. The episode aired in Israels yes stars Drama/HD channel and German TV channel Pro7 starting on March 31,2009, finally, in Australia, the Seven Network aired the final four episodes in the month of April, on Tuesdays at 22,30. The series lasted two seasons with 26 episodes, also, the show could have ended in a cliffhanger, with Eli having a high profile as a prophet, and Dr. Chen becoming rich and a star. This hypothesis is not supported by evidence, but has contributed to decreased vaccination rates
13.
Lifetime (TV network)
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The channel features programming that is geared toward women or features women in lead roles. As of July 2015, approximately 95,020,000 American households receive Lifetime, Daytime, originally called BETA, was launched in March 1982 by Hearst-ABC Video Services. The cable service operated four hours per day on weekdays, the service was focused on alternative womens programming. Cable Health Network was launched as a channel in June 1982 with a range of health-related programming. In November 1983, Cable Health Network adopted a new name, Lifetime Medical Television, Lifetime was established on February 1,1984 as the result of a merger of Hearst/ABCs Daytime and Viacoms Lifetime Medical Television. A board for the new network was formed with representation from Hearst, ABC and Viacom. It was not a success, reportedly losing $36 million in its first two years of operation, and did not become profitable until 1986. The channel suffered from low viewership, with a poll finding that some TV viewers erroneously believed it carried religious content. In 1985, Lifetime started branding itself as Talk Television with a lineup of talk shows and call-in programs hosted by people like Regis Philbin. In the process, the dropped the apple from their logo. In 1988, Lifetime hired Patricia Fili as its head of programming, in the first three years of her tenure, she changed 60 percent of Lifetimes programming, by her own estimate. A. The network also showed movies from the portfolios of its owners, Hearst, ABC, under Filis direction, Lifetime has gone a long way toward shedding its low-rent image. Lifetime began airing a limited amount of sports coverage, including the WNBA. Lifetime also adopted a new tagline, meanwhile, the channels original programming was aimed not just at women aged 24–44, but these womens spouses, who research showed watched the network in the evenings with their wives. This was done by making the characters in Lifetimes original programming – such as the film series Spencer for Hire – more appealing to men by making them more masculine. These roles were more stereotypical than previous Lifetime movies, which featured women protagonists on their own. This helped Lifetime take advantage of a bias in the Nielsen ranking system that favored upscale couples who shared a television set. By January 1995, Lifetime was the sixth most-highly rated cable network by Nielsen, according to Lifetime executives, the network stood to lose up to one million subscribers due to TCIs move
14.
CBS
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CBS is an American commercial broadcast television network that is a flagship property of CBS Corporation. The company is headquartered at the CBS Building in New York City with major facilities and operations in New York City. CBS is sometimes referred to as the Eye Network, in reference to the iconic logo. It has also called the Tiffany Network, alluding to the perceived high quality of CBS programming during the tenure of William S. Paley. It can also refer to some of CBSs first demonstrations of color television, the network has its origins in United Independent Broadcasters Inc. a collection of 16 radio stations that was purchased by Paley in 1928 and renamed the Columbia Broadcasting System. Under Paleys guidance, CBS would first become one of the largest radio networks in the United States, in 1974, CBS dropped its former full name and became known simply as CBS, Inc. In 2000, CBS came under the control of Viacom, which was formed as a spin-off of CBS in 1971, CBS Corporation is controlled by Sumner Redstone through National Amusements, which also controls the current Viacom. The television network has more than 240 owned-and-operated and affiliated stations throughout the United States. The origins of CBS date back to January 27,1927, Columbia Phonographic went on the air on September 18,1927, with a presentation by the Howard Barlow Orchestra from flagship station WOR in Newark, New Jersey, and fifteen affiliates. Operational costs were steep, particularly the payments to AT&T for use of its land lines, in early 1928 Judson sold the network to brothers Isaac and Leon Levy, owners of the networks Philadelphia affiliate WCAU, and their partner Jerome Louchenheim. With the record out of the picture, Paley quickly streamlined the corporate name to Columbia Broadcasting System. He believed in the power of advertising since his familys La Palina cigars had doubled their sales after young William convinced his elders to advertise on radio. By September 1928, Paley bought out the Louchenheim share of CBS, during Louchenheims brief regime, Columbia paid $410,000 to A. H. Grebes Atlantic Broadcasting Company for a small Brooklyn station, WABC, which would become the networks flagship station. WABC was quickly upgraded, and the relocated to 860 kHz. The physical plant was relocated also – to Steinway Hall on West 57th Street in Manhattan, by the turn of 1929, the network could boast to sponsors of having 47 affiliates. Paley moved right away to put his network on a financial footing. In the fall of 1928, he entered talks with Adolph Zukor of Paramount Pictures. The deal came to fruition in September 1929, Paramount acquired 49% of CBS in return for a block of its stock worth $3.8 million at the time
15.
Person of Interest (TV series)
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Person of Interest is an American science fiction crime drama television series that aired on CBS from September 22,2011, to June 21,2016, over five seasons, comprising a total of 103 episodes. The series was created by Jonathan Nolan, and executive produced by Nolan, J. J. Abrams, Bryan Burk, Greg Plageman, Denise Thé, and Chris Fisher. He recruits John Reese, a presumed-dead former CIA agent, and later others, to investigate, John Reese, a former Green Beret/Delta Force operator and CIA operative, is burnt out and presumed dead, living as a vagrant in New York City. The computer – known as The Machine – also predicts other lethal crimes as well, after the death of his partner, Finch decides to act covertly on the non-terrorism predictions, and hires Reese to conduct surveillance and intervene in these cases. Finch and Reese then attempt to understand the case and stop the crime from occurring and they are helped by NYPD Detectives Lionel Fusco, a formerly-corrupt officer whom Reese coerces into helping them, and Joss Carter, who initially investigates Reese for his vigilante activities. Reese arranges for Fusco to spy on Carter by becoming her partner, nevertheless, for the entirety of season one neither Fusco nor Carter is aware that the other is also working with Finch and Reese and both detectives are kept in the dark about the Machine. Periodically, the team enlists the aid of Zoe Morgan, a fixer who applies her skills to particularly difficult tasks. Another important story line revolves around Root, a hacker who is determined to gain access to The Machine. During season two, another organization of business figures, Decima Technologies, is revealed to be attempting to gain access to the Machine. Carter vows vengeance against HR after they have her boyfriend, Detective Cal Beecher, Reese and Finch encounter Sameen Shaw, an ISA assassin, on the run after being betrayed by her employers. Shaw learns about The Machine in the season two finale and subsequently becomes a member of Reese and Finchs team, in season three, Carter delves deeper into her investigation of HR, eventually uncovering its leader, but she is killed. In his grief, Reese briefly leaves the team, the team also battles Vigilance, a violent anti-government organization devoted to securing peoples privacy. In the season three finale, it is revealed that Vigilance was created by Decima to make them appear as domestic terrorists and this allowed Decima to obtain all the NSA feeds to make Samaritan operational. The Machine creates new identities for the Team so that they can fly beneath Samaritans radar, season four covers the teams life in hiding. Samaritan finally decides to find and eliminate the Machine, and engineers a general electrical failure across the entire United States to do so and she later escapes, but takes a long time to be sure whether the escape itself is just another simulation. Samaritan engineers a lethal infection in order to force people to provide their DNA during vaccination, Samaritan attempts to change his mind and urges him to consider his actions, but Finch responds that he has indeed considered them. A final copy of Samaritan, uploaded as a last resort onto a satellite, is destroyed when Reese sacrifices himself to upload a copy of the Machine there as well. Jim Caviezel as John Reese, a former Special Forces operator, Reese is presumed dead following a mission in Ordos, China
16.
Think Like a Man
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Think Like a Man is a 2012 American romantic comedy film directed by Tim Story and written by Keith Marryman and David A. Newman, based on Steve Harveys 2009 book Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man. The film stars an ensemble cast, featuring Michael Ealy, Jerry Ferrara, Meagan Good, Regina Hall, Kevin Hart, Terrence J, Taraji P. Henson, Romany Malco, the film was released on April 20,2012 by Screen Gems. The film follows four storylines about each of the couples, titled, the Single Mom The Non-Committer vs. The Girl Who Wants the Ring The Dreamer vs, the Woman Who Is Her Own Man The Player vs. The 90 Day Rule Girl Each of the women are readers of Steve Harveys book Act Like a Lady, when the men learn that the women are hooked on Harveys advice, they try to turn the tables on their mates, which later seems to backfire. Six professional basketball players made appearances as themselves, Matt Barnes Shannon Brown Rasual Butler Darren Collison Lisa Leslie Metta World Peace The film received mixed reviews. The film also holds a score of 51 out of 100 on the website Metacritic, based on 30 reviews, the result is a tiresome exercise that circles at great length through various prefabricated stories defined by the advice each couple needs. Ebert called the cast superb noting in particular the performances of Meagan Good, owen Gleiberman of Entertainment Weekly also complimented Good and Harts performance, as well as Romany Malcos performance. He ultimately gave the film a B- grade, writing that it is so busy tracking courtship as if it were a project that the bite-size love stories lack spontaneity. Think Like a Man grossed over $33.7 million during its opening weekend, the romantic comedy film remained on top of the competition during its second week as well, bringing in $17.6 million. As of June 24,2012, Think Like a Man has earned $91,547,205 in both the United States and Canada, along with $4,523,302 in other countries, the movies production budget was $12.5 million. The films soundtrack includes songs by Kelly Rowland, Jennifer Hudson, Keri Hilson, John Legend, on June 28,2012 Screen Gems announced plans for a sequel Think Like a Man Too, with Keith Merryman and David A. Newman again writing the script. The film was released June 20,2014, official website Think Like a Man at the Internet Movie Database Think Like a Man at AllMovie Think Like a Man at Box Office Mojo Think Like a Man at Rotten Tomatoes Think Like a Man at Metacritic
17.
Think Like a Man Too
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Think Like a Man Too is a 2014 romantic comedy film directed by Tim Story and the sequel to Storys 2012 film Think Like a Man based on Steve Harveys book Act Like a Lady, Think Like a Man. The script is written by David A. Newman and Keith Merryman, the film was released on June 20,2014. The cast from the first film returned to reprise their roles, Cedric begins by saying how Las Vegas has always been a place for casinos and showgirls, and is the perfect place for couples to get married. Cedric and his friends are all in Las Vegas for the wedding of Michael and Candace, with her son Duke and mother joining them. Zeke and Mya arrive, with Zekes womanizing past constantly being brought up by old friends and former flames, including the concierge at the hotel, Bennett and his wife Tish are trying to get a spark back in their marriage. Jeremy and Kristen have married and are now trying for a baby, dominic and Lauren are reunited after spending time away from each other, and they make out in the limousine. Finally, Cedric pulls up to the hotel in a sports car. The men and women separate to enjoy their day, Cedric books himself a lavish suite and intends to go all out for a wild weekend. Michaels overbearing mother Loretta doesnt approve of his engagement with Candace, Loretta even takes over the bachelorette party duties, even though Lauren is the maid of honor. The women start to have a party for Candace, complete with their own doll, until Loretta makes up her own party. This, along with Candaces desire to have the perfect wedding, Kristen tries to get Jeremy to have sex with her and by roleplaying Game of Thrones characters, but Jeremy has reservations about becoming a father. Hes also not thrilled about having to give up smoking weed, Mya is ready to marry Zeke, but Zeke shows hesitation. While the ladies have to deal with Loretta, Lauren and Candace conspire to set her up with Candaces Uncle Eddie, Loretta takes the ladies out to dinner, and after plans to take Candace to see Dionne Warwick. Uncle Eddie shows up and begins flirting with Loretta, the ladies leave them to go see Dionne Warwick together, so they can leave to have fun. Elsewhere, the guys are hitting the casinos, with Cedric trying to score as much as he can and they run into Michaels old frat brothers Isaac and Terrell, who just want to party. Dominic is then pulled aside by a chef who offers him a position there in Vegas, the ladies gives Tish a makeover and Mya giving her a black suit to undo her frumpy housewife look to a more alluring style. They then take the party bus to the club, forcing the guys to either take a Chippendale-type bus. On the bus, the ladies find Jeremys weed strips and take them, Cedric finds himself in trouble when Gail finds out that hes been using her card to pay for his expenses, running her up to $40,000 in charges
18.
Cookie Lyon
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Loretha Cookie Lyon is a fictional character from the American musical drama Empire on Fox. Portrayed by Taraji P. Loretha Cookie Lyon was born and raised in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania and she has two sisters, Candace and Carol. Growing up, Cookie gradually began working in the drug dealing business, which is where she met, although she was in a relationship when she met Lucious, Cookie left her boyfriend to date him instead. Cookies father disapproved of their relationship and the effect Lucious had on Cookie and he died shortly after from a heart attack, which Cookie blamed herself for. Cookie and Lucious have three living children, Andre, Jamal, and Hakeem, and lost one daughter to a miscarriage, Cookie strove to ensure that her children would get the best out of everything. In the drug dealing business, Cookies life has revolved around music, money, one of Cookies former accomplices is Frank Gathers. Cookie, meanwhile, contributed to the beginnings of Empire Entertainment, Cookie had been involved in a drug deal gone bad, which forced her to serve 17 years in prison, and prevented her from being in her sons lives. After Lucious became distant from Cookie while she was incarcerated, the two eventually divorced, in the shows first episode, Cookie gets released from prison and immediately visits Jamal, her gay son, the only member of the family that has kept in touch with her. Cookie then confronts Lucious demanding half of the company, but he refuses and instead offers her a seven-figure income and she quickly realizes that her youngest son Hakeem wants nothing to do with her. The oldest and most qualified businessman, Andre, convinces Cookie to manage Jamals career and this action also results in Cookie and Lucious being at odds. Cookie is devastated when her cousin Bunkie is discovered murdered, when she was in bed with Luscious Lyon, this was confessed in his sleep. At the same time she schemes to get Jamal to come out publicly during Hakeems debut performance at Lucious club, while that plan falls apart, Jamal ends up performing with Hakeem anyway. He later performs a song that reveals his sexuality to the public, Cookie is later confronted by federal agents who want her to testify in front of a grand jury against the drug dealer that she ratted out to obtain her release who was Frank Gathers. Frank Gathers then sends Jermels decapitated head to Cookie and Carol and she then tells Lucious to take care of it, which then leads to Gathers being killed by his own goons. She then creates a new company with Hakeem named Lyon Dynasty after the hostile takeover. After Jamal is shot by Freda Gatz, Frank Gathers daughter, in Season 3, further conflict occurs in the Lyon family as Rhonda is killed, Andre gets into trouble and Shyne attempts to eliminate one of her sons. Executive producer Lee Daniels revealed that Cookie was loosely based on the women in his life including his sister as well as Joan Collins Dynasty character, Cookie will stop at nothing to get what she wants and she will cause havoc along the way. Henson said in an interview with TV Guide, that Cookie is the version of Mama Rose from Gypsy
19.
Fox Broadcasting Company
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The Fox Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is owned by the Fox Entertainment Group subsidiary of 21st Century Fox. It is the third largest major network in the world based on total revenues, assets. Launched on October 9,1986 as a competitor to the Big Three television networks, Fox and its affiliated companies operate many entertainment channels in international markets, although these do not necessarily air the same programming as the U. S. network. Most viewers in Canada have access to at least one U. S, the network is named after sister company 20th Century Fox, and indirectly for producer William Fox, who founded one of the movie studios predecessors, Fox Film. Fox is a member of the North American Broadcasters Association and the National Association of Broadcasters, 20th Century Fox had been involved in television production as early as the 1950s, producing several syndicated programs. Following the demise of the DuMont Television Network in August of that year after it became mired in financial problems. 20th Century Fox would also produce original content for the NTA network, KTTV in Los Angeles, KRIV in Houston, WFLD-TV in Chicago, and KRLD-TV in Dallas. In October 1985, 20th Century Fox announced its intentions to form a television network that would compete with ABC, CBS. The plans were to use the combination of the Fox studios, organizational plans for the network were held off until the Metromedia acquisitions cleared regulatory hurdles. Then, in December 1985, Rupert Murdoch agreed to pay $325 million to acquire the remaining equity in TCF Holdings from his original partner, Marvin Davis. These first six stations, then broadcasting to a reach of 22% of the nations households. Except for KDAF, all of the original owned-and-operated stations are part of the Fox network today. Like the core O&O group, Foxs affiliate body consisted of independent stations. The Fox Broadcasting Company launched at 11,00 p. m. Eastern and its inaugural program was a late-night talk show, The Late Show, which was hosted by comedian Joan Rivers. By early 1987, Rivers quit The Late Show after disagreements with the network over the creative direction. The network expanded its programming into prime time on April 5,1987, with Children and the sketch comedy series The Tracey Ullman Show. Fox added one new show per week over the several weeks, with the drama 21 Jump Street. On July 11, the network rolled out its Saturday night schedule with the premiere of the drama series Werewolf
20.
Empire (2015 TV series)
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Empire is an American musical drama television series created by Lee Daniels and Danny Strong which debuted on January 7,2015 on but began in late 2014. Fox. On January 15,2016, the series was renewed for a third season, on January 11,2017, Fox renewed the series for a fourth season, which will consist of 18 episodes. Looking to groom one of his three sons – Empire CFO Andre, R&B singer-songwriter Jamal, and rapper Hakeem – to take over the family business, Lucious pits them against each other. Empire also stars Taraji P. Henson as Lucious ex-wife Cookie Lyon, who is released from prison after serving a 17-year sentence, and also pulls for control of both the company and her sons. Taraji P. Henson as Loretha Cookie Lyon Lucious outspoken ex-wife, upon her return from prison, she is determined to bring the Lyon family back together and reclaim her share of Empire Entertainment. In the second season, Cookie leaves Empire and starts her own record label, after allowing Empire Entertainment to acquire Lyon Dynasty, she returns to Empire as co-CEO with Lucious and Head of A&R. Cookies new lovers are Malcolm, Laz and Angelo. Gray as Hakeem Lyon The fame-obsessed youngest son and Lucious favorite child, Hakeem starts to find feelings for his mother, Cookie, and has a great relationship with Jamal. He has relationships with Tiana, Camilla, Anika, Valentina, Jussie Smollett as Jamal Lyon The middle son of the Lyon family, a talented gay singer-songwriter who despises the corporate aspect of the music industry. He is estranged from his father who considers him the black sheep of the family, Jamal is Cookies favorite and has a strong relationship with his brother Hakeem. At the end of the first season, Lucious appoints Jamal as his successor and, later and he later relinquishes control of Empire back to Lucious. After being shot accidentally by Freda Gatz in Season 2, Jamal begins to present symptoms of PTSD and his addiction ultimately leads to a visit to rehab. Trai Byers as Andre Lyon The eldest son of the Lyon family and he is Wharton educated, power hungry, and suffers from bipolar disorder. He is married to his sweetheart, Rhonda. He plans to run Empire, but is in a battle for the chair with his younger brothers. In the second season, Andre initially helps Cookie and Hakeem set up Lyon Dynasty, Lucious later promotes Andre to President of Gutter Life Records, a sub-division of Empire Entertainment consisting of mainly urban rappers, such as Freda Gatz. In Season 3, he loses his wife and becomes Nessas new love interest, Grace Gealey as Anika Calhoun Initially the ambitious head of Empire Entertainment A&R who becomes engaged to Lucious, but they eventually separate. After leaving Empire, Anika begins to sleep with Hakeem, leading to Anikas pregnancy, fearful of Rhondas pregnancy and the unborn childs claim to being the Heir of Empire, Anika pushes Rhonda down a set of stairs, leading to the death of her unborn child. Cookie and Anika share a dislike for one another, with Cookie referring to Anika as the derisive nickname Boo Boo Kitty
21.
African Americans
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African Americans are an ethnic group of Americans with total or partial ancestry from any of the Black racial groups of Africa. The term may also be used to only those individuals who are descended from enslaved Africans. As a compound adjective the term is usually hyphenated as African-American, Black and African Americans constitute the third largest racial and ethnic group in the United States. Most African Americans are of West and Central African descent and are descendants of enslaved peoples within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of 73. 2–80. 9% West African, 18–24% European, according to US Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities, immigrants from some Caribbean, Central American and South American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term. After the founding of the United States, black people continued to be enslaved, believed to be inferior to white people, they were treated as second-class citizens. The Naturalization Act of 1790 limited U. S. citizenship to whites only, in 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. The first African slaves arrived via Santo Domingo to the San Miguel de Gualdape colony, the ill-fated colony was almost immediately disrupted by a fight over leadership, during which the slaves revolted and fled the colony to seek refuge among local Native Americans. De Ayllón and many of the colonists died shortly afterwards of an epidemic, the settlers and the slaves who had not escaped returned to Haiti, whence they had come. The first recorded Africans in British North America were 20 and odd negroes who came to Jamestown, as English settlers died from harsh conditions, more and more Africans were brought to work as laborers. Typically, young men or women would sign a contract of indenture in exchange for transportation to the New World, the landowner received 50 acres of land from the state for each servant purchased from a ships captain. An indentured servant would work for years without wages. The status of indentured servants in early Virginia and Maryland was similar to slavery, servants could be bought, sold, or leased and they could be physically beaten for disobedience or running away. Africans could legally raise crops and cattle to purchase their freedom and they raised families, married other Africans and sometimes intermarried with Native Americans or English settlers. By the 1640s and 1650s, several African families owned farms around Jamestown and some became wealthy by colonial standards and purchased indentured servants of their own. In 1640, the Virginia General Court recorded the earliest documentation of slavery when they sentenced John Punch. One of Dutch African arrivals, Anthony Johnson, would own one of the first black slaves, John Casor
22.
Time (magazine)
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Time is an American weekly news magazine published in New York City. It was founded in 1923 and for decades was dominated by Henry Luce, a European edition is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition is based in Hong Kong, the South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney, Australia. In December 2008, Time discontinued publishing a Canadian advertiser edition, Time has the worlds largest circulation for a weekly news magazine, and has a readership of 26 million,20 million of which are based in the United States. As of 2012, it had a circulation of 3.3 million making it the eleventh most circulated magazine in the United States reception room circuit, as of 2015, its circulation was 3,036,602. Richard Stengel was the editor from May 2006 to October 2013. Nancy Gibbs has been the editor since October 2013. Time magazine was created in 1923 by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce, the two had previously worked together as chairman and managing editor respectively of the Yale Daily News. They first called the proposed magazine Facts and they wanted to emphasize brevity, so that a busy man could read it in an hour. They changed the name to Time and used the slogan Take Time–Its Brief and it set out to tell the news through people, and for many decades the magazines cover depicted a single person. More recently, Time has incorporated People of the Year issues which grew in popularity over the years, notable mentions of them were Barack Obama, Steve Jobs, Matej Turk, etc. The first issue of Time was published on March 3,1923, featuring Joseph G. Cannon, the retired Speaker of the House of Representatives, on its cover, a facsimile reprint of Issue No. 1, including all of the articles and advertisements contained in the original, was included with copies of the February 28,1938 issue as a commemoration of the magazines 15th anniversary. The cover price was 15¢ On Haddens death in 1929, Luce became the dominant man at Time, the Intimate History of a Publishing Enterprise 1923–1941. In 1929, Roy Larsen was also named a Time Inc. director, J. P. Morgan retained a certain control through two directorates and a share of stocks, both over Time and Fortune. Other shareholders were Brown Brothers W. A. Harriman & Co. the Intimate History of a Changing Enterprise 1957–1983. According to the September 10,1979 issue of The New York Times, after Time magazine began publishing its weekly issues in March 1923, Roy Larsen was able to increase its circulation by utilizing U. S. radio and movie theaters around the world. It often promoted both Time magazine and U. S. political and corporate interests, Larsen next arranged for a 30-minute radio program, The March of Time, to be broadcast over CBS, beginning on March 6,1931
23.
Time 100
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Time 100 is an annual list of the 100 most influential people in the world assembled by the American news magazine Time. First published in 1999 as the result of a debate among American academics, politicians, and journalists, although appearing on the list is often seen as an honor, Time makes it clear that entrants are recognized for changing the world, regardless of the consequences of their actions. The final list of individuals is exclusively chosen by Time editors with nominations coming from the TIME100 alumni. Only the winner of the Readers Poll, conducted days before the official list is revealed, is chosen by the general public, included in the list eleven times, Barack Obama is the person who has been listed most often. The list was started with a debate at a symposium in Washington, the list was first published in 1999, when Time magazine named the 100 most influential people of the 20th century. Based on the popularity of the installment, in 2004, Time magazine decided to make it an annual issue and those recognized fall in one of five categories, Leaders & Revolutionaries, Builders & Titans, Artists & Entertainers, Scientists & Thinkers, Heroes & Icons. A record of 41 women are included in the edition, the highest number of personalities in the lists history. The annual gala was held on April 29,2014 in New York City and they are artists and activists, reformers and researchers, heads of state and captains of industry. Their ideas spark dialogue and dissent and sometimes even revolution, welcome to this years TIME100. The announcement was celebrated with an event in New York City on April 26,2011. The honorees were joined by A-list celebrities at Frederick P. Rose Hall, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists. The list included familiar global newsmakers such as U. S. President Barack Obama, the list included numerous figures representing the year of upheaval in the Middle East ranging from rebels, to political leaders to news correspondents. Although the events of what has been dubbed the Arab Spring were prominent, additionally, Prince William of Wales and Kate Middleton were part of the list during the week before their wedding. The list also included Katsunobu Sakurai, mayor of Minamisōma, Fukushima, list of individuals included in the TIME100 in 2010 In its online presentation, Time introduced the list as follows, In our annual TIME100 issue, we name the people who most affect our world. Oprah Winfrey continued her streak of having been included on every Time 100 list and was one of women on the list. The list included many expected names and some such as Scott Brown. Others who were considered surprise selections included Elton John, Ashton Kutcher, the announcement of the list was celebrated by a black tie gala at the Time Warner Center in New York City on May 4,2010. The list was published the following day, Time readers contributed to the selection by an online vote of over 200 finalists
24.
Katherine Johnson
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Known for accuracy in computerized celestial navigation, she conducted technical work at NASA that spanned decades. Her calculations were critical to the success of these missions, Johnson also did calculations for plans for a mission to Mars. In 2015, Johnson received the Presidential Medal of Freedom and she was included in the BBC series 100 Women the next year. Johnson was born Katherine Coleman in 1918 in White Sulphur Springs, Greenbrier County, West Virginia and she was the youngest of four children. Her father was a lumberman, farmer, and handyman and worked at the Greenbrier Hotel and her mother was a former teacher. Johnson showed a talent for math from an early age and this school was on the campus of West Virginia State College. Johnson was admitted when she was only 10 years old, the family split their time between Institute during the school year and White Sulphur Springs in the summer. Johnson graduated from school at 14 and entered West Virginia State College. As a student, Johnson took every course offered by the college. Multiple professors took Katherine under their wings, including chemist and mathematician Angie Turner King, who had mentored the girl throughout high school, schiefflin Claytor, the third African American to receive a PhD in math. Claytor added new math courses just for Katherine and she graduated summa cum laude in 1937, with degrees in Mathematics and French, at age 18. She took on a job at a black public school in Virginia. At the time of her entry, she was the first African-American woman to graduate school at West Virginia University in Morgantown. Johnson decided on a career as a mathematician, although this was a difficult field for African Americans. The first jobs she found were in teaching and it was not until 1952, at a family gathering, that a relative mentioned that the National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics was hiring mathematicians. Johnson was offered a job in 1953 and she accepted and became part of the early NASA team. According to an oral history archived by the National Visionary Leadership Project, Katherine has referred to the women in the pool as virtual computers who wore skirts. Their main job was to read the data from the boxes of planes
25.
Given name
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A given name is a part of a persons personal name. It identifies a person, and differentiates that person from other members of a group, such as a family or clan. The term given name refers to the fact that the name usually is bestowed upon a person and this contrasts with a surname, which is normally inherited, and shared with other members of the childs immediate family. Given names are used in a familiar and friendly manner in informal situations. In more formal situations the surname is commonly used, unless it is necessary to distinguish between people with the same surname. The idioms on a basis and being on first-name terms allude to the familiarity of addressing another by a given name. The order given name – family name, commonly known as the Western order, is used throughout most European countries and in countries that have cultures predominantly influenced by Western Europe. The order family name – given name, commonly known as the Eastern order, is used in East Asia, as well as in Southern and North-Eastern parts of India. The order given name - fathers family name - mothers family name is used in Spanish-speaking countries to acknowledge the families of both parents. Today the order can also be changed legally in Spain using given name - mothers family name - fathers family name, under the common Western naming convention, people may have one or more forenames. If more than one, there is usually a main forename for everyday use, sometimes however two or more forenames may carry equal weight. There is no particular ordering rule for forenames – often the main forename is at the beginning, a childs given name or names are usually chosen by the parents soon after birth. If a name is not assigned at birth, one may be given at a ceremony, with family. In most jurisdictions, a name at birth is a matter of public record, inscribed on a birth certificate. In western cultures, people normally retain the same name throughout their lives. However, in some cases names may be changed by petitioning a court of law. People may also change their names when immigrating from one country to another with different naming conventions, in France, the agency can refer the case to a local judge. Some jurisdictions, like in Sweden, restrict the spelling of names, parents may choose a name because of its meaning
26.
Woodward & Lothrop
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Woodward & Lothrop was a department store chain headquartered in Washington, D. C. Woodward & Lothrop was Washington, D. C. s first department store, opening in 1887. Woodies, as it was nicknamed, maintained stores in the Mid-Atlantic United States. Its flagship store was a fixture of the district in downtown Washington, with Garfinckels. Samuel Walter Woodward and Alvin Mason Lothrop opened a dry goods store in Chelsea, Massachusetts, in 1873, in partnership with Charles E. Cochrane, on February 8,1880 they moved to Washington. For many years, their department store would sponsor a Founders Day Sale in early February to commemorate the move, Woodward, Lothrop & Cochrane opened at 705 Market Space at the intersection of Pennsylvania Avenue and 7th Street Northwest. The first store was so successful that within a year, they moved to a location at 921 Pennsylvania Avenue. After flooding in 1886, they moved again to the corner of 11th and F Streets NW. Woodward and Lothrop purchased Cochranes share of the partnership, and the new store was renamed Woodward & Lothrop. Woodies expanded into suburban shopping malls after World War II, but the families resisted expansion by amalgamation. The early 1990s recession, while historically mild, disproportionately impacted real estate, the greater Washington area was also affected by sharp reductions in defense spending after the end of the Cold War, leading to a loss of consumer confidence. Woodward & Lothrop, Inc. filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection on January 18,1994, with $608 million in total assets and $659 million in total liabilities. Drastic cost-cutting and increased sales figures did not return the firm to profitability, however, and the chain, including its John Wanamaker subsidiary, was liquidated. On June 21,1995, seven of the remaining Woodward & Lothrop locations were sold to J. C. Penney, by November 1995, all Woodies stores had completed liquidation sales and were permanently closed. Soon after moving into the historic Carlisle building in 1887, Woodward & Lothrop outgrew its space, by 1897 it occupied almost the entire block surrounded by 10th, 11th, F, and G Streets NW. In 1898 and 1902, the buildings were renovated behind a new facade facing G Street designed by Henry Ives Cobb, two additional floors were added in 1912 and 1913, and yet another building added in 1925. The building attained its lasting form in 1927 and it stands ten stories and once held over 400,000 square feet of retail space, the exterior was decorated in cast iron and leaded glass accents with flower designs and the Woodward & Lothrop monogram. The store hired the architect Michael Graves to redesign its street floor in the 1980s where he incorporated the companys signature W&L monogram plaques on the columns, after the chains liquidation, the store stood empty while developers and city officials debated its future. Finally, the Washington National Opera purchased the building in 1996 for $18 million, unfortunately, the cost of converting the retail space into an opera house proved daunting, $200 million. It remained empty until 1999 when it was sold to developer Douglas Jemal for $28.2 million, the District of Columbia Zoning Commission declined Jemals proposal, and the building remained empty for two more years
27.
Swahili language
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Swahili, also known as Kiswahili, is a Bantu language and the first language of the Swahili people. The closely related Comorian language, spoken in the Comoros Islands, is considered a dialect. Estimates of the number of Swahili speakers vary widely, from 50 million to over 100 million. Swahili serves as a language of three nations, Tanzania, Kenya, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Shikomor, the language in Comoros and also spoken in Mayotte, is related to Swahili. Swahili is also one of the languages of the African Union. A significant fraction of Swahili vocabulary is derived from Arabic through contact with Arabic-speaking Muslim inhabitants of the Swahili Coast, Swahili is traditionally regarded as being the language of coastal areas of Tanzania and Kenya. It was formalised after independence by presidents of the African Great Lakes region and it spread as a fishermans language to the various islands surrounding the Swahili Coast. Traders from these islands had extensive contact with the peoples from at least the 2nd century A. D. There is also evidence of early Zaramo people settlement on Zanzibar from Dar es Salaam in present-day Tanzania. Clove farmers from Oman and the Persian Gulf farmed the Zanzibar Archipelago, the earliest known documents written in Swahili are letters written in Kilwa in 1711 A. D. in the Arabic script that were sent to the Portuguese of Mozambique and their local allies. The original letters are now preserved in the Historical Archives of Goa, the British did not do so in neighbouring Kenya even though they made moves in that direction. Swahili was the only candidate in the two colonies. In the aftermath of Germanys defeat in the First World War, Swahili was to be subordinate to English, university education, much secondary education and governance at the highest levels would be conducted in English. One key step in spreading Swahili was to create a written language. In June 1928, a conference took place at Mombasa, at which the Zanzibar dialect. Swahili has become a language spoken by tens of millions in three African Great Lakes countries where it is an official or national language. In 2016 it was made a subject in all Kenyan schools
28.
Mitochondrial DNA
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Mitochondrial DNA is the DNA located in mitochondria, cellular organelles within eukaryotic cells that convert chemical energy from food into a form that cells can use, adenosine triphosphate. Mitochondrial DNA is only a portion of the DNA in a eukaryotic cell, most of the DNA can be found in the cell nucleus and, in plants and algae. In humans, the 16,569 base pairs of mitochondrial DNA encode for only 37 genes, human mitochondrial DNA was the first significant part of the human genome to be sequenced. In most species, including humans, mtDNA is inherited solely from the mother, since animal mtDNA evolves faster than nuclear genetic markers, it represents a mainstay of phylogenetics and evolutionary biology. It also permits an examination of the relatedness of populations, and so has become important in anthropology and this theory is called the endosymbiotic theory. Each mitochondrion is estimated to contain 2–10 mtDNA copies, the reasons why mitochondria have retained some genes are debated. Recent analysis of a range of mtDNA genomes suggests that both these features may dictate mitochondrial gene retention. In most multicellular organisms, mtDNA is inherited from the mother, mechanisms for this include simple dilution, degradation of sperm mtDNA in the male genital tract, in the fertilized egg, and, at least in a few organisms, failure of sperm mtDNA to enter the egg. Whatever the mechanism, this single parent pattern of inheritance is found in most animals, most plants. In sexual reproduction, mitochondria are inherited exclusively from the mother. Also, most mitochondria are present at the base of the sperms tail, in 1999 it was reported that paternal sperm mitochondria are marked with ubiquitin to select them for later destruction inside the embryo. Some in vitro techniques, particularly injecting a sperm into an oocyte. The fact that mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited enables researchers to trace maternal lineage far back in time. This is usually accomplished on human mitochondrial DNA by sequencing the hypervariable control regions, hVR1, for example, consists of about 440 base pairs. These 440 base pairs are then compared to the regions of other individuals to determine maternal lineage. Most often, the comparison is made to the revised Cambridge Reference Sequence, vilà et al. have published studies tracing the matrilineal descent of domestic dogs to wolves. The concept of the Mitochondrial Eve is based on the type of analysis. MtDNA is highly conserved, and its relatively slow mutation rates make it useful for studying the evolutionary relationships—phylogeny—of organisms, biologists can determine and then compare mtDNA sequences among different species and use the comparisons to build an evolutionary tree for the species examined
29.
Cameroon
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Cameroon, officially the Republic of Cameroon, is a country in Central Africa. It is bordered by Nigeria to the west, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Cameroons coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean. French and English are the languages of Cameroon. The country is referred to as Africa in miniature for its geological and cultural diversity. Natural features include beaches, deserts, mountains, rainforests, the country is well known for its native styles of music, particularly makossa and bikutsi, and for its successful national football team. Early inhabitants of the territory included the Sao civilisation around Lake Chad, portuguese explorers reached the coast in the 15th century and named the area Rio dos Camarões, which became Cameroon in English. Fulani soldiers founded the Adamawa Emirate in the north in the 19th century, Cameroon became a German colony in 1884 known as Kamerun. After World War I, the territory was divided between France and the United Kingdom as League of Nations mandates, the Union des Populations du Cameroun political party advocated independence, but was outlawed by France in the 1950s, leading to the Cameroonian Independence War. It waged war on French and UPC militant forces until 1971, in 1960, the French-administered part of Cameroon became independent as the Republic of Cameroun under President Ahmadou Ahidjo. The southern part of British Cameroons federated with it in 1961 to form the Federal Republic of Cameroon, the federation was abandoned in 1972. The country was renamed the United Republic of Cameroon in 1972, Cameroon enjoys relatively high political and social stability. This has permitted the development of agriculture, roads, railways, nevertheless, large numbers of Cameroonians live in poverty as subsistence farmers. Power lies firmly in the hands of the president since 1982, Paul Biya. The English-speaking territories of Cameroon have grown increasingly alienated from the government, politicians and civil society in English-speaking regions have called for greater decentralization and even complete separation or independence from the former French-governed territories. The territory of present-day Cameroon was first settled during the Neolithic Era, the longest continuous inhabitants are groups such as the Baka. From here, Bantu migrations into eastern, southern, and central Africa are believed to have originated about 2,000 years ago, the Sao culture arose around Lake Chad c. AD500 and gave way to the Kanem and its successor state, kingdoms, fondoms, and chiefdoms arose in the west. Portuguese sailors reached the coast in 1472 and they noted an abundance of the ghost shrimp Lepidophthalmus turneranus in the Wouri River and named it Rio dos Camarões, which became Cameroon in English
30.
Matthew Henson
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Matthew Alexander Henson was the first African-American Arctic explorer, an associate of Robert Peary on seven voyages over a period of nearly 23 years. They made six voyages and spent a total of 18 years in expeditions, Henson served as a navigator and craftsman, traded with Inuit and learned their language, and was known as Pearys first man for these arduous travels. During their 1909 expedition to Greenland, Henson accompanied Peary in the party, including four Inuit men. Henson was invited in 1937 as a member of The Explorers Club due to his achievement and was the first African American to be accepted, in 1948 he was made an honorary member, a distinction for 20 people annually. This has been accepted, but some dispute this conclusion. Henson published his memoir, A Negro Explorer at the North Pole, since the late 20th century, Hensons contributions have received more recognition. By presidential order, in 1988, the remains of Henson and his wife were reinterred with a monument at Arlington National Cemetery, near that for Peary, Henson has received numerous posthumous honors since then. Henson was born on August 8,1866 on a farm in Nanjemoy, Maryland and he had an older sister S. born in 1864, and two younger sisters Eliza and S. Matthews mother died when he was two. His father Lemuel remarried to a woman named Caroline and had children with her, including daughters. After his father died, Matthew was sent to live with his uncle in Washington and he paid for a few years of education for the boy, and died. After his uncles death, Henson got a job as a dishwasher at Janeys Home-Cooked Meals Cafe, at the age of twelve, the youth made his way to Baltimore, Maryland, where he went to sea as a cabin boy on a merchant ship named Katie Hines. Captain Childs took Henson under his wing, treating him like a son and teaching him to read, captain Childs and Henson were close for a very long time. While working at a Washington D. C. clothing store, B. H. Stinemetz and sons, in November 1887, learning of Hensons sea experience, Peary recruited him as an aide for his planned voyage and surveying expedition to Nicaragua, with four other men. Peary supervised 45 engineers on the survey in Nicaragua. Impressed with Henson’s seamanship on that voyage, Peary recruited him as a colleague, after that, for more than 20 years, their expeditions were to the Arctic. Henson traded with the Inuit and mastered their language, they called him Mahri-Pahluk and he was remembered as the only non-Inuit who became skilled in driving the dog sleds and training dog teams in the Inuit way. He was a craftsman, often coming up with solutions for what the team needed in the harsh Arctic conditions, they learned to build igloos out of snow. He and Peary with their teams covered thousands of miles in dog sleds, in 1908–09, Peary mounted his eighth attempt to reach the North Pole
31.
Oxon Hill, Maryland
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Oxon Hill is an unincorporated area and census-designated place in southern Prince Georges County, Maryland, United States. Oxon Hill is a suburb of Washington, D. C. located southeast of the downtown district and it contains the new 300-acre National Harbor development on the shore of the Potomac River. As of the 2010 census Oxon Hill was delineated separately and had a population of 17,722, Oxon Hill was named for the colonial 18th century manor home of Thomas Addison. The current Manor is now owned by the Maryland-National Capital Park and Planning Commission and is used for activities, as well as being rented for weddings. Oxon is an abbreviation for the Latin Oxoniensis, meaning of Oxford, the area now known as Oxon Hill reminded Addison of the area near Oxford, England. The Revolutionary patriot John Hanson died while visiting the first Manor, Oxon Hill Manor, the Butler House, Oxon Cove Park, and St. Ignatius Church are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Today the community is bisected by the busy Capital Beltway, and is near the interstate Woodrow Wilson Bridge, the enlarged bridge was opened December 15,2008, and highway interchanges and ramps near the bridge were also re-aligned and re-configured. Prior to that date, traffic backed up into Oxon Hill daily for decades as 250, Oxon Hills two principal shopping centers attract neighborhood customers as well as shoppers from nearby Southeast Washington, D. C. Eastover, located at the D. C. /state line, is a hub of bus routes, some of them operating 24 hours a day. The apartment communities closest to the D. C. line are called by their original name Glassmanor. Rather unusual community features of Oxon Hill are a nursing home, a Walmart was scheduled to open in 2014 but has since been delayed for site layout revisions. Until about 1960, the community used the mailing address Washington, to make mail sorting easier at that time, the new postal boundary line separating the two Maryland communities was drawn along already existing zip code boundaries. Illogically, this partitioning reassigned some areas seem to be almost in the heart of Oxon Hill to Fort Washington mailing addresses. Oxon Hill is located in Prince Georges County, Maryland along Maryland Route 210 and Maryland Route 414, less than 2 miles south of the boundary of Washington, the CDP lies directly south of the Capital Beltway just east of the Woodrow Wilson Bridge over the Potomac River. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the area of Oxon Hill is 6.6 square miles, of which 6.6 square miles is land and 0.01 square miles. OHRC has been in operation since 1958. A37,000 square foot gymnasium and recreation and learning center opened in 2013, the Henson Creek paved hiker-biker trail extends 5.5 miles paralleling Henson Creek, a tributary to the Potomac River. Oxon Cove Farm is a free of charge, educational facility operated daily for families by the National Park Service and its future is uncertain because it is located in the shadow of National Harbor
32.
The Pentagon
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The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D. C. As a symbol of the U. S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U. S. Department of Defense, the Pentagon was designed by American architect George Bergstrom, and built by general contractor John McShain of Philadelphia. Ground was broken for construction on September 11,1941, General Brehon Somervell provided the major motive power behind the project, Colonel Leslie Groves was responsible for overseeing the project for the U. S. Army. The Pentagon is one of the worlds largest office buildings, with about 6,500,000 sq ft, approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel work in the Pentagon. It has five sides, five floors above ground, two basement levels, and five ring corridors per floor with a total of 17.5 mi of corridors. It was the first significant foreign attack on Washingtons governmental facilities since the city was burned by the British, when World War II broke out in Europe, the War Department rapidly expanded in anticipation that the United States would be drawn into the conflict. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson found the situation unacceptable, with the Munitions Building overcrowded, Stimson told U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in May 1941 that the War Department needed additional space. On July 17,1941, a hearing took place, organized by Virginia congressman Clifton Woodrum. Reybold agreed to back to the congressman within five days. The War Department called upon its construction chief, General Brehon Somervell, Government officials agreed that the War Department building, officially designated Federal Office Building No 1, should be constructed across the Potomac River, in Arlington County, Virginia. Requirements for the new building were that it be no more than four stories tall, the requirements meant that, instead of rising vertically, the building would be sprawling over a large area. Possible sites for the building included the Department of Agricultures Arlington Experimental Farm, adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery, the site originally chosen was Arlington Farms which had a roughly pentagonal shape, so the building was planned accordingly as an irregular pentagon. Concerned that the new building could obstruct the view of Washington, D. C. from Arlington Cemetery, the building retained its pentagonal layout because a major redesign at that stage would have been costly, and Roosevelt liked the design. Freed of the constraints of the asymmetric Arlington Farms site, it was modified into a pentagon which resembled the star forts of the gunpowder age. While the project went through the process in late July 1941, Somervell selected the contractors, including John McShain, Inc. and Doyle and Russell. In addition to the Hoover Airport site and other government-owned land, construction of the Pentagon required an additional 287 acres, which were acquired at a cost of $2.2 million. The Hells Bottom neighborhood, a slum with numerous pawnshops, factories, approximately 150 homes, Later 300 acres of land were transferred to Arlington National Cemetery and to Fort Myer, leaving 280 acres for the Pentagon. Contracts totaling $31,100,000 were finalized with McShain and the contractors on September 11
33.
Tyrese Gibson
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Tyrese Darnell Gibson, also known mononymously as Tyrese, is an American Grammy-nominated singer, songwriter, actor, author, television producer, former fashion model and MTV VJ. He is best known for his roles as Joseph Jody Summers in Baby Boy and as Roman Pearce in the Fast, after releasing several albums, he transitioned into films, with lead roles in several major Hollywood releases. Gibson was born and raised in Watts, Los Angeles, California and his mother, Priscilla Murray Gibson, raised him and his three older siblings as a single parent after Gibsons father, Tyrone Gibson, left. Gibsons career began when he auditioned for a Coca Cola commercial at the suggestion of his school music teacher. An appearance in a 1994 Coca-Cola advertisement, singing the phrase Always Coca-Cola and it led him to other appearances for Guess and Tommy Hilfiger. In early 1998, Gibson was signed as an artist to early RCA Records, afterwards, he released his debut single Nobody Else. It quickly rose on the Billboard Hot 100 chart, peaking at #36, on September 29,1998, he released his self-titled album Tyrese at the age of 19. It debuted on the Billboard charts at #17, in late 1998, Gibson became the new host of the weekday music video show MTV Jams on MTV and a host and VJ for the channel. Afterwards, he released the single from the album Lately. It made it to #56 on the Billboard charts, then, the albums third single and highest charting single Sweet Lady became the albums biggest hit, reaching #9 on the R&B charts. The single earned Gibson a Grammy nomination for Best R&B Male Vocal Performance, the album eventually went on to be certified Platinum. Gibson along with singers Ginuwine, RL of Next and Case were featured on the soundtrack of the The Best Man on the single The Best Man I Can Be, on May 22,2001, Gibson released his second studio album,2000 Watts. The first single off the album was I Like Them Girls, the album went on to be certified Gold, selling over 500,000 copies. The third single off the album, Just a Baby Boy, with Snoop Dogg and Mr. Tan, was featured on the soundtrack to the film Baby Boy, after RCA Records was disbanded Gibson went on to sign to J Records. There he released his studio album I Wanna Go There on December 10,2002. His first single from the album and arguably his most successful single to date How You Gonna Act Like That debuted on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at #7, on December 12,2006, Gibson released his fourth studio album Alter Ego, his first double disc album. It was also his first album in which he debuts his rapping persona, the first single off the album was One debuting on the Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart at #26. The album itself is considered Gibsons lowest selling album to date, in 2007, Gibson, Ginuwine and Tank founded TGT
34.
Terrence Howard
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Terrence Dashon Howard is an American actor and singer. Having his first major roles in the 1995 films Dead Presidents and Mr. Hollands Opus, Howard broke into the mainstream with a succession of television and he was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actor for his role in Hustle & Flow. Howard has had prominent roles in other movies including Winnie, Ray, Lackawanna Blues, Crash, Four Brothers, Get Rich or Die Tryin, Idlewild, August Rush, The Brave One. Howard played James Rhodes in Iron Man and reprised the role in the game adaptation. However, he was replaced by Don Cheadle for the future films and he currently stars as the lead character Lucious Lyon in the television series Empire. His debut album, Shine Through It, was released in September 2008, Howard was born in Chicago, Illinois on March 11,1969 to Tyrone and Anita Howard. The great-grandson of stage actress Minnie Gentry, he was raised in Cleveland, Ohio by father Tyrone Howard, the killing resulted in Tyrone Howard spending 11 months in jail for manslaughter. Howards parents divorced upon his fathers release, Howard first entered the entertainment world when he portrayed Jackie Jackson in The Jacksons, An American Dream, an ABC miniseries. Three years later, he made his big break in 1995s Mr. Hollands Opus. Howard made an appearance on the TV series Family Matters, Howard has stated that he looks for characters that teach him about himself when choosing his film roles. Howard has also worked as a producer, receiving such a credit for the film Pride. In 2008, Howard hosted the PBS series Independent Lens, Howard was the highest-paid cast member of the 2008 film Iron Man. He did not appear in either of the follow-up sequels because it was reported that he would have had to take a 50 to 80 percent pay cut and was replaced by actor Don Cheadle. Howard released his debut adult alternative album, Shine Through It and he described the album as urban country and either wrote or co-wrote all the tracks on the album. During rehearsals he allegedly attacked and seriously injured musical composer Tex Allen, in October 2008, Allen filed a $5 million lawsuit against Howard. In October 2008, Howard made a guest appearance in the short film For All Mankind directed by Daniel L. Clifton, filmed on location in Conshohocken, in 2009, he starred in the movie Fighting. It was reported on July 30,2010, that Howard had joined the cast of the new Law & Order, Los Angeles installment of the Law & Order franchise and he alternated shows with Alfred Molina, who portrayed Deputy District Attorney Ricardo Morales. The series was cancelled after one season, in 2011, Howard played Nelson Mandela in Winnie Mandela alongside Jennifer Hudson
35.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
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