Studio City, Los Angeles
Studio City is a neighborhood in the city of Los Angeles, California, in the southeast San Fernando Valley, just west of the Cahuenga Pass. It is named after the studio lot, established in the area by film producer Mack Sennett in 1927, now known as CBS Studio Center. Known as Laurelwood, the area that Studio City occupies was part of Rancho Ex-Mission San Fernando; this land changed hands several times during the late 19th Century and was owned by James Boon Lankershim, eight other developers who organized the Lankershim Ranch Land and Water Company. In 1899, the area lost most water rights to Los Angeles and therefore subdivision and sale of land for farming became untenable. Construction of the Los Angeles Aqueduct began in 1908 and water reached the San Fernando Valley in November, 1913. Real estate boomed, a syndicate led by Harry Chandler, business manager of the Los Angeles Times, with Hobart Johnstone Whitley, Isaac Van Nuys, James Boon Lankershim acquired the remaining 47,500 acres of the southern half of the former Mission lands—everything west of the Lankershim town limits and south of present-day Roscoe Boulevard excepting the Rancho Encino.
Whitley plotted the area of present-day Studio City from portions of the existing town of Lankershim as well as the eastern part of the new acquisition. In 1927, Mack Sennett began building a new studio on 20 acres donated by the land developer; the area around the studio was named Studio City. In 1955, Studio City's Station 78 became the first racially integrated station in the Los Angeles City Fire Department; the 2000 U. S. census counted 34,034 residents in the 6.31-square-mile Studio City neighborhood—5,395 people per square mile, among the lowest population densities for the city but about average for the county. In 2008, the city estimated that the resident population had increased to 37,201. In 2000, the median age for residents, 38, was considered old for city and county neighborhoods; the ethnic breakdown was whites, 78%. Iran and the United Kingdom were the most common places of birth for the 21.1% of the residents who were born abroad—a low percentage for Los Angeles. The median yearly household income in 2008 dollars was $75,657, considered high for the city.
The percent of households earning $125,000 and up was high for Los Angeles County. The average household size of 1.9 people was low when compared to the rest of the city and the county. Renters occupied 55.9% of the housing stock and house- or apartment-owners held 44.1%. In 2000, there were 837 families headed by single parents, the rate of 11.2% being low for the city of Los Angeles. There were 8.8 % of the population, a high figure for the city. According to the Mapping L. A. project of the Los Angeles Times, Studio City is bordered on the north by Valley Village, on the east by Toluca Lake and Universal City, on the south by Hollywood Hills West, on the southwest by Beverly Crest and on the west by Sherman Oaks. The Los Angeles River and Tujunga Wash flow through Studio City; the two concrete-lined channels merge just west of Colfax Avenue and north of Ventura Boulevard adjacent to CBS Studio Center. The waterways are dry except during storms. Relation of Studio City to nearby places, not contiguous: Elizabeth Forsythe Hailey and playwright Lorin Morgan-Richards and illustrator of children's books.
Jerry Pournelle, science-fiction author and blogger Israel Regardie, occultist Burt Baskin, co-founder of Baskin-Robbins ice cream David Burtka and actor Zack Greinke, Major League Baseball pitcher Peter Hurkos manifested extra-sensory perception Clayton Kershaw, Major League Baseball pitcher Stu Nahan, Los Angeles sportscaster and actor James B. Potter, Jr. Los Angeles City Council member George Putnam, Los Angeles TV journalist, game show host and perennial Rose Parade equestrian Jerome Vered, record-setting contestant on the game show Jeopardy! Joel Wachs, Los Angeles City Council member Sam Yorty, mayor of Los Angeles Almost half of Studio City residents aged 25 and older had earned a four-year degree by 2000, a high percentage for both the city and the county; the percentage of those residents with a master's degree was high for the county. Schools within the Studio City boundaries are: Bridges Academy, private, 4-12, 3921 Laurel Canyon Boulevard Campbell Hall School, private, K-12, 4533 Laurel Canyon Boulevard Carpenter Community Charter School, LAUSD, K-5, 3909 Carpenter Avenue Harvard-Westlake School, private, 10-12, 3700 Coldwater Canyon Avenue Walter Reed Middle School, LAUSD, 6-8, 4525 Irvine Avenue Oakwood School, private, K-6, 11230 Moorpark Street Rio Vista Elementary School, LAUSD, K-5, 4243 Satsuma Avenue St. Charles Borromeo School, private, K-8, 10850 Moorpark Street The Studio City branch of the Los Angeles Public Library is at the corner of Moorpark Street and Whitsett Avenue.
The Studio City Recreation Center is in a residential neighborhood on Rye Street at Beeman Avenue. It has an auditorium, barbecue pits, a lighted baseball diamond, an outdoor running and walking track, lighted outdoor basketball courts, a children's play area, picnic tables, unlighted tennis courts, many programs and classes including the second-largest youth baseball program in the public parks. Moorpark Park, an unstaffed pocket park at the corner of Moorpark Street and Laurel Canyon Boulevard, has a children's play area and picnic tables. Woodbridge Park, on Elmer Avenue at Moorpark Street, on the eastern border of Studio City has a children and toddler's play area. Wilacre Park, a 128-acre natural mountain park with the
Liv Tyler
Liv Rundgren Tyler is an American actress and former model. She portrayed Arwen Undómiel in the Lord of the Rings film trilogy. Tyler began a career in modeling at age 14, she decided to focus on acting, made her film debut in Silent Fall. She went on to achieve critical recognition with roles in Heavy, Empire Records, That Thing You Do!, Stealing Beauty. She appeared in films such as Inventing the Abbotts, Cookie's Fortune, Onegin, Dr. T & the Women, One Night at McCool's. Following the success of Lord of the Rings, Tyler has appeared in a variety of roles, including the films Jersey Girl, Lonesome Jim, Reign Over Me, The Strangers, The Incredible Hulk, Space Station 76, Wildling. Outside of film, she played the part of Meg Abbott on HBO's The Leftovers, has since starred in the BBC series Gunpowder, the ITV/Hulu series Harlots. Tyler has served as a United Nations Children's Fund Goodwill Ambassador for the United States since 2003, as a spokesperson for Givenchy's line of perfume and cosmetics.
She is the daughter of Bebe Buell. She has three children. Tyler was born Liv Rundgren on July 1977 at Mount Sinai Hospital in East Harlem, New York, she is the only daughter of Bebe Buell, a model and former Playboy Playmate, Steven Tyler, the lead singer of Aerosmith. Her mother named her after Norwegian actress Liv Ullmann, after seeing Ullmann on the cover of the March 5, 1977 issue of TV Guide, her ancestry includes Italian, German and English. On the show Who Do You Think You Are?, Tyler discovered that her paternal great-great-great-great-grandfather was part African American. Tyler has three half-siblings: Mia Tyler, Chelsea Anna Tallarico, Taj Monroe Tallarico, her maternal grandmother, Dorothea Johnson, founded the Protocol School of Washington. From 1972 to 1979, Buell lived with rock musician Todd Rundgren. In 1976, Buell became unexpectedly pregnant from a brief relationship with Steven Tyler. Buell gave birth on July 1, 1977, naming the daughter Liv Rundgren and claiming that Todd Rundgren was the biological father.
By Rundgren and Buell had ended their romantic relationship, but Rundgren signed the birth certificate and acted as a father figure to Liv, including paying for her education. At age ten or eleven Liv met Steven Tyler and figured out he was her father; when she asked her mother, the secret was revealed. The truth about Tyler's paternity did not become public until 1991, when she changed her surname from Rundgren to Tyler, but kept the former as a middle name. Buell's stated reason for claiming that Rundgren was Liv's father was that Steven Tyler was too addicted to drugs at the time of Liv's birth. Since learning the truth about her paternity and Steven have developed a close relationship, they have worked together professionally, once when she appeared in Aerosmith's music video for "Crazy" in 1993, again when Aerosmith performed many of the songs in the film Armageddon, in which Tyler starred. Tyler maintains a close relationship with Rundgren. "I'm so grateful to him, I have so much love for him.
You know. And he's protective and strong."Tyler attended the Congressional Schools of Virginia, Breakwater School, Waynflete School in Portland, before returning to New York City with her mother at age 12. She went to York Preparatory in New York City for junior high and high school after her mother researched the school to accommodate Tyler's ADHD, she attended, for a time, the Crossroads School for Arts & Sciences in Santa Monica, California. She left to continue her acting career; when asked about the way she spent her youth, Tyler said: "For me, I didn't get much of a childhood in my teen years because I've been working since I was 14. But that kept me out of trouble; when everybody was doing acid and partying like crazy, I was at work on a movie in Tuscany... having my own fun, of course, but it was a different kind of thing. I have no regrets. I love the way my life has gone." Tyler received her first modeling job at 14 with the assistance of Paulina Porizkova, who took pictures of her that ended up in Interview magazine.
She starred in television commercials. She became bored with her modeling career less than a year after it started and decided to go into acting, although she never took acting lessons. Tyler first became known to television audiences when she starred alongside Alicia Silverstone in the music video for Aerosmith's 1993 song "Crazy". Tyler made her feature film debut in Silent Fall in 1994, where she played the elder sister of a boy with autism. In 1995, she starred in the comedy-drama Empire Records. Tyler has described Empire Records as "one of the best experiences" she has had. Soon after, she landed a supporting role in James Mangold's 1996 drama Heavy as Callie, a naive young waitress; the film received favorable reviews. The film received mixed reviews, but Tyler's performance was regarded favorably by the critics. Variety wrote: "Tyler is the perfect accomplice. At times sweetly awkward, at others composed and serene, the actress appears to respond effortlessly and
RCA TK-40/41
The RCA TK-40 is considered to be the first practical color television camera used for special broadcasts in late 1953, with the follow-on TK-40A becoming the first to be produced in quantity in March 1954. The TK-40 was produced by RCA Broadcast to showcase the new compatible color system for NTSC—eventually named NTSC-M or M—which the company is credited with inventing. Color had been attempted many times before in a semi-mechanical fashion, but this was the first series of practical electronic cameras to go into widespread production; the camera was followed with the TK-41, a line that shared a similar shape, but featured streamlined and enhanced electronic subsystems. Earlier TK-40s are distinguished by the lack of venting slots on the sides; the last variation of the TK-41 was the TK-41C, released circa 1960. The cameras are considered to have been of good quality, better than the different TK-42 which succeeded the TK-40/41, better than anything produced by RCA for several years after the production line shut down.
Prior development in the late 1940s and early 1950s had included the TK-X. An image splitter was used in the TK-40/41 to direct the incoming light into three image orthicon tubes for recording moving pictures in the red and blue component colors; the early cameras required a large amount of lighting, which caused television studios to become warm due to the use of multi-kilowatt lamps. The RCA TK-40 and TK-41 color cameras required more than an hour to set up and were comparatively unstable, making frequent adjustment necessary to maintain correct color balance between the red and blue primary colors; these cameras required complicated control consoles and rack-mounted power supplies for the camera's many vacuum tubes and ventilator fans cooling their large image orthicon tubes. The cameras, which weighed hundreds of pounds on their own, were only one component of the TK-40/41 system. There were backend devices placed in the control rooms to generate both full NTSC outputs routed to the program switchers as well as signals for the cameras for both video and intercom communication among crew members.
This combined chain was required in order to produce images. The TK-41's camera head weighed 300 pounds and had to be carried by at least two people when setting up for remote broadcasts; the TK-40 was used for a color telecast of the opera Carmen on October 31, 1953 on a closed-circuit system. The first commercial telecast was of the Colgate Comedy Hour with Donald O'Connor on November 22, but the color burst may have again been removed; the Federal Communications Commission approved the color system for use on December 17 of that year, allowing telecasts to begin 30 days later. Special permission was received to broadcast the Tournament of Roses Parade on January 1, 1954. Patti Page and her The Big Record show for CBS was the first television show broadcast in color for the entire 1957-1958 season; the live broadcast was staged in the now famous Ed Sullivan Theatre and production costs were greater than most movies were at the time not only because of all the stars featured on the hour-long extravaganza but the extreme high intensity lighting and electronics required for the new RCA TK-40 cameras.
TK-40A camera setups were brought to several TV stations around the country as part of demonstrations throughout the year, including: WKY, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma. TK-40 TK-40A TK-41A TK-41B TK-41C RCA TK-40 and TK-41 color TV cameras in action Color television camera development
Professional video camera
A professional video camera is a high-end device for creating electronic moving images. Developed for use in television studios, they are now used for music videos, direct-to-video movies and educational videos, marriage videos etc. Since the 2010s, most of the professional video cameras are digital professional video cameras. With the advent of digital video capture in the 2000s, the distinction between professional video cameras and movie cameras disappeared as the intermittent mechanism became the same. Nowadays, mid-range cameras used for television and other works are termed as professional video cameras; the earliest video cameras were mechanical flying-spot scanners which were in use in the 1920s and 1930s during the period of mechanical television. Improvements in video camera tubes in the 1930s ushered in the era of electronic television. Earlier, cameras were large devices always in two sections; the camera section held the lens and tube pre-amplifiers and other necessary electronics, was connected to a large diameter multicore cable to the remainder of the camera electronics mounted in a separate room in the studio, or a remote truck.
The camera head could not generate a video picture signal on its own. The video signal was output to the studio for transmission. By the fifties, electronic miniaturization had progressed to the point where some monochrome cameras could operate stand alone and be handheld, but the studio configuration remained, with the large cable bundle transmitting the signals back to the camera control unit. The CCU in turn was used to align and operate the camera's functions, such as exposure, system timing and black levels; the first color cameras, notably the RCA TK-40/41 series, were much more complex with their three pickup tubes, their size and weight drastically increased. Handheld color cameras did not come into general use until the early 1970s - the first generation of cameras were split into a camera head unit connected via a cable bundle to a backpack CCU; the Ikegami HL-33, the RCA TK45 and the Thomson Microcam were portable two piece color cameras introduced in the early 1970s. For field work a separate VTR was still required to record the camera's video output.
This was either a portable 1" reel to reel VTR, or a portable 3/4" U-matic VCR. The two camera units would be carried by the camera operator, while a tape operator would carry the portable recorder. With the introduction of the RCA TK76 in 1976, camera operators were able to carry on their shoulders a one piece camera containing all the electronics to output a broadcast quality composite video signal. A separate videotape recording unit was still required. Electronic news-gathering cameras replaced the 16mm film cameras for TV news production from the 1970s onwards because the cost of shooting on film was more than shooting on a reusable tape. Portable video tape production enabled much faster turnaround time for the quick completion of news stories, compared to the need to chemically process film before it could be shown or edited; however some news feature stories for weekly news magazine shows continued to use 16mm film cameras until the 1990s. At first all these cameras used tube-based sensors, but charge-coupled device imagers came on the scene in the mid-80s, bringing numerous benefits.
Early CCD cameras could not match the colour or resolution of their tube counterparts, but the benefits of CCD technology, such as introducing smaller and lightweight cameras, a better and more stable image and no need for registration meant development on CCD imagers took off and, once rivaling and offering a superior image to a tube sensor, began displacing tube-based cameras - the latter of which were all but disused by the early 1990s. Cameras with the recorder permanently mated to the camera head became the norm for ENG. In studio cameras, the camera electronics shrank, CCD imagers replaced the pickup tubes; the thick multi-core cables connecting the camera head to the CCU were replaced in the late seventies with triax connections, a slender video cable that carried multiple video signals, intercom audio, control circuits, could be run for a mile or more. As the camera innards shrunk, the electronics no longer dictated the size of the enclosure, however the box shape remained, as it is necessary to hold the large studio lenses, electronic viewfinder, other paraphernalia needed for studio and sports production.
Electronic Field Production cameras were mounted in studio configurations inside a mounting cage. This cage supported the additional studio accessories. In the late 1990s, as HDTV broadcasting commenced, HDTV cameras suitable for news and general purpose work were introduced. Though they delivered much better image quality, their overall operation was identical to their standard definition predecessors. New methods of recording for cameras were introduced to supplant video tape, tapeless cameras. Ikegami and Avid introduced EditCam in 1996, based on interchangeable hard drives. Panasonic introduced P2 cameras; these recorded a DVCPro signal on interchangeable flash memory media. Several other data storage device recording systems were introduced, notably XDCAM from Sony. Sony introduced SxS, a flash memory standard compliant to the Sony and Sand
Fairfax Avenue
Fairfax Avenue is a street in the north central area of the city of Los Angeles, California. It runs from La Cienega Boulevard with Culver City at its southern end to Hollywood Boulevard in Hollywood on its northern end. From La Cienega Boulevard to Sunset Boulevard, it separates the Westside from the central part of the city along with Venice Boulevard, La Cienega Boulevard, Hauser Boulevard, San Vicente Boulevard, South Cochran Avenue, Wilshire Boulevard, 6th Street, Cochran Avenue, 4th Street, La Brea Avenue, Fountain Avenue and Sunset Boulevard. Fairfax Avenue forms the western boundary of Hancock Park as well as Park La Brea, a 160-acre, 4,222-unit apartment complex with over 10,000 residents. Since World War II, the Fairfax District has been a Jewish neighborhood in Mid-City West. Fairfax High School, on the corner of Fairfax and Melrose Avenue, was known as the alma mater of many entertainment industry personalities. Canter's Deli has been a late night hangout in Los Angeles since the 1940s.
CBS's Television City is located on the corner of Fairfax and Beverly Boulevard,where thousands camp out to wait for a chance to watch The Price is Right. The former site of Gilmore Stadium, where the minor league baseball team, the Hollywood Stars, used to play prior to the Dodgers moving from Brooklyn. World-famous recording studio, Cherokee Studios, home to over 250 gold and platinum recorders, is just above Melrose Avenue; the Grove is off 3rd Fairfax. Due to the volume of high density attractions, Fairfax is one of the most congested streets in Los Angeles. Little Ethiopia is further south by Olympic Blvd and north by Pico Boulevard in the Pico-Robertson neighborhood in West Los Angeles. South of Olympic, Fairfax narrows to two lanes, Pico Boulevard between the Crestview and Pico-Robertson neighborhoods in West Los Angeles and Venice Boulevard between the Crestview and Pico-Robertson neighborhoods in West Los Angeles and Lafayette Square in Mid-City. At the northeast corner of Wilshire Boulevard and Fairfax is the former May Company department store building, converted to the Los Angeles County Museum of Art and will be the future home of the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures.
The Petersen Automotive Museum is located on the south corner. Metro Local line 217 and Metro Rapid line 780 serve Fairfax Avenue. An underground station for the Metro Purple Line at Wilshire Boulevard is under construction and is due to open in 2023. Canter's CBS Television City Farmers Market Academy Museum of Motion Pictures Petersen Automotive Museum
Three's Company
Three's Company is an American sitcom that aired for eight seasons on ABC from March 15, 1977, to September 18, 1984. It is based on the British sitcom Man About the House; the story revolves around three single roommates: Janet Wood, Chrissy Snow, Jack Tripper, who all platonically live together in a Santa Monica, California apartment complex owned by Stanley Roper and Helen Roper. After Norman Fell and Audra Lindley left the series in 1979 for their own sitcom, Don Knotts joined the cast as the roommates' new building manager, Ralph Furley. Following Somers's departure in late 1980, Jenilee Harrison joined the cast as Chrissy's first cousin Cindy Snow, soon replaced by Priscilla Barnes as Terri Alden; the show, a farce, chronicles the escapades and hijinks of the trio's constant misunderstandings, social lives, financial struggles. A top ten hit from 1977 to 1983, the series has remained popular in syndication and through DVD releases; the show spawned similar spin-offs that Man About the House had: The Ropers and Three's a Crowd, based upon George and Mildred and Robin's Nest, respectively.
After crashing a party and finding himself passed out in the bathtub, culinary school student Jack Tripper meets Janet Wood, a florist, Chrissy Snow, a secretary, in need of a new roommate to replace their departing roommate Eleanor. Having only been able to afford to live at the YMCA, Jack accepts the offer to move in with the duo. However, due to overbearing landlord Stanley Roper's intolerance for co-ed living situations in a multi-bedroom apartment, Jack is allowed to move in only after Janet tells Mr. Roper that Jack is gay. Although Mrs. Roper figures out Jack's true sexuality in the second episode, she does not tell her husband, who tolerates but mocks him. Siding with the three roommates instead of her husband, Mrs. Roper's bond with the roommates grows until the eventual spinoff The Ropers. Jack continues the charade when new building manager Ralph Furley takes over the apartment complex because Mr. Furley insists that his hard-nosed brother Bart would never tolerate such living situations.
Jack meets his love interest Vicky Bradford, which would lead into Three's a Crowd. John Ritter as Jack Tripper: A clumsy culinary student from San Diego. A Navy veteran, swinging bachelor. Joyce DeWitt as Janet Wood: A down-to-earth level-headed woman from Speedway, Indiana, an aspiring dancer, she works at the Arcade Flower Shop. Suzanne Somers as Chrissy Snow: A ditzy secretary from Fresno. Jenilee Harrison as Cindy Snow: Chrissy's accident-prone cousin, a secretary and veterinary student at UCLA. Priscilla Barnes as Terri Alden: An intelligent, but lovelorn, registered nurse from Longmeadow, Massachusetts. Richard Kline as Larry Dallas: A playboy neighbor, used car salesman, Jack's best friend. Norman Fell as Stanley Roper: The trio's original, hard-nosed landlord. Audra Lindley as Helen Roper: Stanley's sex-starved, muumuu-wearing wife. Don Knotts as Ralph Furley: The trio's goofy yet friendly, flamboyantly dressed landlord who fancies himself a ladies' man. He’s something of a skinflint. Ann Wedgeworth as Lana Shields: A promiscuous older female neighbor who pursued Jack and was in turn pursued by Mr. Furley.
The show was set in a neighborhood within walking distance of the beach in Santa Monica and was filmed using three main sets: the trio's apartment, their landlord's apartment, a neighborhood pub called The Regal Beagle. In seasons more sets were used depicting the apartment of Jack's friend Larry, Angelino's restaurant, Jack's Bistro, the hospital where Terri worked, Janet's flower shop. Humor in the show was based on farce relying on innuendo and misunderstanding, as well as physical comedy to punctuate the hare-brained schemes the characters would invariably conjure up to get themselves out of situations and dilemmas. Running jokes were based on Jack's sexual orientation, Mr. Roper's lack of sexual prowess, Chrissy's blonde moments. Conflict in the show came from the dysfunctional marriage of the Ropers, Janet's intolerance for a roommate romance, on, Jack's friendship with Larry and Larry's abuse thereof. Of all the characters, only Jack and Larry appeared in all eight seasons of the series.
The theme song was composed by Joe Raposo, sung by Ray Charles and Julia Rinker. Three's Company went through a lengthy development process. Two different sets of writers attempted to Americanize the British Man About the House. Three pilot episodes were shot for a rarity for American television; the show was recast several times at the instruction of ABC's Fred Silverman. The show was first penned by famed Broadway writer Peter Stone. Stone envisioned the Jack Tripper character as a successful, yet underpaid, chef in a fancy French restaurant while the characters who were to become Janet and Chrissy were to be a secretary for a CEO, a high style fashion model respectively. Silverman thus passed on the script. Silverman then
America's Got Talent
America's Got Talent is a televised American talent show competition, is part of the global Got Talent franchise created by Simon Cowell. The program is produced by Fremantle USA and Syco Entertainment, distributed by the former, broadcast on the NBC television network, premiering on June 21, 2006, after plans for a British edition in 2005 were suspended following a dispute within the British broadcaster ITV; each season is run during the network's summer schedule, has featured various hosts over the course of the program's history - its current host is Terry Crews. The program attracts a variety of participants, from across the United States and abroad, to take part and who possess some form of talents, with acts ranging from singing, comedy, stunts and other genres; each participant who auditions attempts to secure a place in the live episodes of a season by impressing a panel of judges - the current line-up consists of Cowell, Howie Mandel, Julianne Hough, Gabrielle Union. Those that make it into the live episodes compete against each other for both the judges' and public's vote in order to reach the live final, where the winner receives a large cash prize paid over a period of time, since the third season, a chance to headline a show on the Las Vegas Strip.
Since its premiere, America's Got Talent has helped to unearth new talent and kickstart/boost the careers of various performers who took part in the competition, while the show itself has been a rating success for NBC, drawing in on average around 10 million viewers per season. In 2013, a book was entitled Inside AGT: The Untold Stories of America's Got Talent, was released, providing a description of the seasons, contestants and production techniques of the show, along with detailed interviews with contestants from all seasons, up to the date of the book's publication; the program has run for a total of thirteen seasons, spawned a spin-off competition entitled America's Got Talent: The Champions, consisting of notable contestants from the U. S. and other international versions of the franchise, which premiered on NBC on January 7, 2019. The general selection process of each season is begun by the production team with open auditions held in various cities across the United States. Dubbed "Producers' Auditions", they are held months.
Those that make it through the initial stage, become participants in the "Judges' Auditions", which are held in select cities across the country, attended by the judges. Each participant is held offstage and awaits their turn to perform before the judges, whereupon they are given 90 seconds to demonstrate their act, with a live audience present for all performances. At the end of a performance, the judges give constructive criticism and feedback about what they saw, whereupon they each give a vote - a participant who receives a majority vote approving their performance, moves on to the next stage, otherwise they are eliminated from the program at that stage; each judge is given a buzzer, may use it during a performance if they are unimpressed, hate what is being performed, or feel the act is a waste of their time. Many acts that move on may be cut by producers and may forfeit due to the limited slots available for the second performance. Filming for each season always takes place when the Judges' Auditions are taking place, with the show's presenter standing in the wings of each venue's stage to interview and give personal commentary on a participant's performance.
From the fifth to seventh seasons, acts who did not attend live auditions could instead submit a taped audition online via YouTube. Acts from the online auditions were selected to compete in front of the judges and a live audience during the "live shows" part of the season, prior to the semi-finals. Before the inclusion of this round, the show had a separate audition episode in Seasons 3 and 4 for contestants who posted videos on MySpace. In the ninth season, the show added a new format to the auditions in the form of the "Golden Buzzer", which began to make appearances within the Got Talent franchise, since it was first introduced on Germany's Got Talent. During auditions, each judge is allowed to use the Golden Buzzer to send an act automatically into the live shows, regardless of the opinion of the other judges; the only rule to the buzzer was. Starting from the second season, auditions undergo a second stage to secure a place in the live rounds of the competition, though the format for this changed over the course of the program's history.
When the stage was first created it was designed with a "bootcamp" format, under the title of "Las Vegas Callbacks" - under the format, participants who made it through the preliminary auditions could undergo training to perfect their act, whereupon they would be set into a specific group of participants before performing a second time before the judges, who could use their buzzers to terminate a performance at any time. Those that fail to secure a place in this stage would be eliminated from that season's competition. Between the fourth and ninth season, the format was changed to match that used in Britain's Got Talent - participants who made it through the preliminary auditions had their audition footage reviewed by the judges, who set each one into a specific group, were not required to perform again, unless the judges requested this. Acts which they liked would be allocated spaces in the live roun
