1.
Appleton, Wisconsin
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Appleton is a city in Outagamie, Calumet, and Winnebago counties in the U. S. state of Wisconsin. One of the Fox Cities, it is situated on the Fox River,30 miles southwest of Green Bay and 100 miles north of Milwaukee, Appleton is the county seat of Outagamie County. The population was 72,623 at the 2010 census, of this,60,045 were in Outagamie County,11,088 in Calumet County, and 1,490 in Winnebago County. Appleton is the city of the Appleton, Wisconsin Metropolitan Statistical Area. The city possesses the two tallest buildings in Outagamie County, the Zuelke Building and 222 Building, at 168 and 183 feet, elizabeth Hospital and ThedaCare Regional Medical Center-Appleton. It also hosts a number of regional events such as its Flag Day parade, Christmas parade. Fur traders seeking to do business with Fox River Valley Native Americans were the first European settlers in Appleton, hippolyte Grignon built the White Heron in 1835 to house his family and serve as an inn and trading post. Appleton was settled in 1847 and incorporated as a village in 1853, john F. Johnston was the first resident and village president. Home to Lawrence University, Appleton grew along with the school, with the financial backing of Amos A. Lawrence, the Lawrence Institute was chartered in 1847. Samuel Appleton, Lawrences father-in-law from New England who never visited Wisconsin, donated $10,000 to the newly founded college library, the community was incorporated as a city on March 2,1857, with Amos Storey as its first mayor. Early in the 20th century, it adopted the form of government. In 1890,11,869 people lived in Appleton, in 1900, there were 15,085, in 1910,16,773, in 1920,19,571, and in 1940,28,436. The paper industry, beginning with the building of the first paper mill in the city in 1853, has been at the forefront of the development of Appleton. In order to provide electricity to the industry, the nations first hydro-electric central station. The power plant also powered the Hearthstone House, the first residence in the powered by a centrally located hydroelectric station using the Edison system. Shortly thereafter, in August 1886, Appleton was the site for another national first, electric lights replaced gas lamps on College Avenue in 1912. Appleton also had the first telephone in Wisconsin, and the first incandescent light in any city outside of the East Coast, appletons tallest building, the 222 Building was built in 1952. The Valley Fair Shopping Center, built in 1954, laid claim to being the first enclosed shopping mall in the United States, in 2007 most of the structure was demolished, leaving only its east wing and a movie theater
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Filmmaking
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Filmmaking is the process of making a film. Filmmaking takes place in places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political contexts. Typically, it involves a number of people, and can take from a few months to several years to complete. Film production consists of five stages, Development, The first stage in which the ideas for the film are created, rights to books/plays are bought etc. Financing for the project has to be sought and greenlit, pre-production, Preparations are made for the shoot, in which cast and film crew are hired, locations are selected and sets are built. Production, The raw elements for the film are recorded during the film shoot, post-production, The images, sound, and visual effects of the recorded film are edited. Distribution, The finished film is distributed and screened in cinemas and released to home video. In this stage, the project producer selects a story, which may come from a book, play, another film, true story, video game, comic book, graphic novel, or an original idea, etc. After identifying a theme or underlying message, the works with writers to prepare a synopsis. Next they produce an outline, which breaks the story down into one-paragraph scenes that concentrate on dramatic structure. Then, they prepare a treatment, a 25-to-30-page description of the story, its mood and this usually has little dialogue and stage direction, but often contains drawings that help visualize key points. Another way is to produce a scriptment once a synopsis is produced, next, a screenwriter writes a screenplay over a period of several months. The screenwriter may rewrite it several times to improve dramatization, clarity, structure, characters, dialogue, however, producers often skip the previous steps and develop submitted screenplays which investors, studios, and other interested parties assess through a process called script coverage. A film distributor may be contacted at a stage to assess the likely market. All these factors imply a certain appeal of the film to a possible audience, not all films make a profit from the theatrical release alone, so film companies take DVD sales and worldwide distribution rights into account. The producer and screenwriter prepare a film pitch, or treatment and they will also pitch the film to actors and directors in order to attach them to the project. Many projects fail to move beyond this stage and enter so-called development hell, if a pitch succeeds, a film receives a green light, meaning someone offers financial backing, typically a major film studio, film council, or independent investor. The parties involved negotiate a deal and sign contracts, once all parties have met and the deal has been set, the film may proceed into the pre-production period
3.
Social alienation
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The term alienation has been used over the ages with varied and sometimes contradictory meanings. In ancient history it could mean a sense of achieving a higher state of contemplation, ecstasy or union—becoming alienated from a limited existence in the world. Examples of this usage have been traced to neoplatonic philosophers such as Plotinus, there have also long been religious concepts of being separated or cut off from God and the faithful, alienated in a negative sense. The New Testament mentions the term apallotrioomai in Greek—being alienated from, ideas of estrangement from a Golden Age, or due to a Fall of man, or approximate equivalents in differing cultures or religions, have also been described as concepts of alienation. A double positive and negative sense of alienation is shown in the spiritual beliefs referred to as Gnosticism. Alienation has also had a particular legal-political meaning since at least Ancient Roman times, the term alienation itself comes from the Latin alienus which meant of another place or person, which in turn came from alius, meaning other or another. An alienus in ancient Roman times could refer to someone elses slave, another usage of the term in Ancient Greco-Roman times was by physicians referring to disturbed, difficult or abnormal states of mind, generally attributed to imbalanced physiology. In Latin alienatio mentis, this usage has been dated to Asclepiades, once translations of such works had resurfaced in the West in the 17th century, physicians again began using the term, which is typically attributed to Felix Platter. In medieval times, a relationship between alienation and social order has been described, mediated in part by mysticism and monasticism, the Crusades and Witch-hunts have been described as forms of mass alienation. In the 18th century, Hutcheson introduced a distinction between alienable and unalienable rights in the sense of the term. In the same century a law of Alienation of affection was introduced for men to seek compensation from other men accused of taking away their woman. In the history of literature, the German Romantics appear to be the first group of writers, around the start of the 19th century, Hegel popularized a Christian and Idealist philosophy of alienation. Around the same time, Pinel was popularizing a new understanding of mental alienation and he argued that people could be disturbed by emotional states and social conditions, without necessarily having lost their reason, as had generally been assumed. Hegel praised Pinel for his moral treatment approach, and developed related theories, nevertheless, as Foucault would later write. Marx was initially in the Young Hegelian camp and, like Feuerbach, rejected the spiritual basis, marxs theory of alienation is articulated most clearly in the Economic and Philosophic Manuscripts and The German Ideology. The young Marx wrote more often and directly of alienation than the mature Marx, marxs concepts of alienation have been classed into four types by Kostas Axelos, Economic and Social Alienation, Political Alienation, Human Alienation, and Ideological Alienation. In the concepts most prominent use, it refers to the economic and social aspect in which workers are disconnected from what they produce. Marx believed that alienation is a result of capitalism
4.
Jews
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The Jews, also known as the Jewish people, are an ethnoreligious group originating from the Israelites, or Hebrews, of the Ancient Near East. Jews originated as a national and religious group in the Middle East during the second millennium BCE, the Merneptah Stele appears to confirm the existence of a people of Israel, associated with the god El, somewhere in Canaan as far back as the 13th century BCE. The Israelites, as an outgrowth of the Canaanite population, consolidated their hold with the emergence of the Kingdom of Israel, some consider that these Canaanite sedentary Israelites melded with incoming nomadic groups known as Hebrews. The worldwide Jewish population reached a peak of 16.7 million prior to World War II, but approximately 6 million Jews were systematically murdered during the Holocaust. Since then the population has risen again, and as of 2015 was estimated at 14.3 million by the Berman Jewish DataBank. According to the report, about 43% of all Jews reside in Israel and these numbers include all those who self-identified as Jews in a socio-demographic study or were identified as such by a respondent in the same household. The exact world Jewish population, however, is difficult to measure, Israel is the only country where Jews form a majority of the population. The modern State of Israel was established as a Jewish state and defines itself as such in its Declaration of Independence and its Law of Return grants the right of citizenship to any Jew who requests it. The English word Jew continues Middle English Gyw, Iewe, according to the Hebrew Bible, the name of both the tribe and kingdom derive from Judah, the fourth son of Jacob. The Hebrew word for Jew, יְהוּדִי ISO 259-3 Yhudi, is pronounced, with the stress on the syllable, in Israeli Hebrew. The Ladino name is ג׳ודיו, Djudio, ג׳ודיוס, Djudios, Yiddish, ייִד Yid, ייִדן, Yidn. The etymological equivalent is in use in languages, e. g. but derivations of the word Hebrew are also in use to describe a Jew, e. g. in Italian. The German word Jude is pronounced, the corresponding adjective jüdisch is the origin of the word Yiddish, in such contexts Jewish is the only acceptable possibility. Some people, however, have become so wary of this construction that they have extended the stigma to any use of Jew as a noun, a factual reconstruction for the origin of the Jews is a difficult and complex endeavor. It requires examining at least 3,000 years of ancient human history using documents in vast quantities, as archaeological discovery relies upon researchers and scholars from diverse disciplines, the goal is to interpret all of the factual data, focusing on the most consistent theory. In this case, it is complicated by long standing politics and religious, Jacob and his family migrated to Ancient Egypt after being invited to live with Jacobs son Joseph by the Pharaoh himself. The patriarchs descendants were later enslaved until the Exodus led by Moses, traditionally dated to the 13th century BCE, Modern archaeology has largely discarded the historicity of the Patriarchs and of the Exodus story, with it being reframed as constituting the Israelites inspiring national myth narrative. The growth of Yahweh-centric belief, along with a number of practices, gradually gave rise to a distinct Israelite ethnic group
5.
Chicago
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Chicago, officially the City of Chicago, is the third-most populous city in the United States. With over 2.7 million residents, it is the most populous city in the state of Illinois, and it is the county seat of Cook County. In 2012, Chicago was listed as a global city by the Globalization and World Cities Research Network. Chicago has the third-largest gross metropolitan product in the United States—about $640 billion according to 2015 estimates, the city has one of the worlds largest and most diversified economies with no single industry employing more than 14% of the workforce. In 2016, Chicago hosted over 54 million domestic and international visitors, landmarks in the city include Millennium Park, Navy Pier, the Magnificent Mile, Art Institute of Chicago, Museum Campus, the Willis Tower, Museum of Science and Industry, and Lincoln Park Zoo. Chicagos culture includes the arts, novels, film, theater, especially improvisational comedy. Chicago also has sports teams in each of the major professional leagues. The city has many nicknames, the best-known being the Windy City, the name Chicago is derived from a French rendering of the Native American word shikaakwa, known to botanists as Allium tricoccum, from the Miami-Illinois language. The first known reference to the site of the current city of Chicago as Checagou was by Robert de LaSalle around 1679 in a memoir, henri Joutel, in his journal of 1688, noted that the wild garlic, called chicagoua, grew abundantly in the area. In the mid-18th century, the area was inhabited by a Native American tribe known as the Potawatomi, the first known non-indigenous permanent settler in Chicago was Jean Baptiste Point du Sable. Du Sable was of African and French descent and arrived in the 1780s and he is commonly known as the Founder of Chicago. In 1803, the United States Army built Fort Dearborn, which was destroyed in 1812 in the Battle of Fort Dearborn, the Ottawa, Ojibwe, and Potawatomi tribes had ceded additional land to the United States in the 1816 Treaty of St. Louis. The Potawatomi were forcibly removed from their land after the Treaty of Chicago in 1833, on August 12,1833, the Town of Chicago was organized with a population of about 200. Within seven years it grew to more than 4,000 people, on June 15,1835, the first public land sales began with Edmund Dick Taylor as U. S. The City of Chicago was incorporated on Saturday, March 4,1837, as the site of the Chicago Portage, the city became an important transportation hub between the eastern and western United States. Chicagos first railway, Galena and Chicago Union Railroad, and the Illinois, the canal allowed steamboats and sailing ships on the Great Lakes to connect to the Mississippi River. A flourishing economy brought residents from rural communities and immigrants from abroad, manufacturing and retail and finance sectors became dominant, influencing the American economy. The Chicago Board of Trade listed the first ever standardized exchange traded forward contracts and these issues also helped propel another Illinoisan, Abraham Lincoln, to the national stage
6.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
7.
Robert Crumb
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Robert Dennis Crumb is an American cartoonist and musician who often signs his work R. Crumb. His work displays a nostalgia for American folk culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and he was additionally contributing to the East Village Other and many other publications, including a variety of one-off and anthology comics. Natural, and the images from his Keep on Truckin strip, sexual themes abounded in all these projects, often shading into scatological and pornographic comics. Much of his appeared in a magazine he founded, Weirdo. As his career progressed, his work became more autobiographical. In 1991, Crumb was inducted into the book industrys Will Eisner Comic Book Hall of Fame. He is married to cartoonist Aline Kominsky-Crumb, with whom he has frequently collaborated and their daughter Sophie Crumb has also followed a cartooning career. Robert Crumb was born on August 30,1943, in Philadelphia to a Catholic household of English and Scottish ancestry and his father, Charles V. Crumb, authored the book Training People Effectively, and was a Combat Illustrator for 20 years in the United States Marine Corps. His mother Beatrice was a housewife who reportedly abused diet pills, Charles and Beatrices marriage was unhappy and the children were frequent witnesses to their parents arguments. The couple had four children, sons Charles Junior and Maxon. The family moved to Milford, Delaware, when Crumb was twelve, inspired by the works of Walt Kelly, Fleischer Brothers animation, and others, Crumb and his brothers drew their own comics. Crumbs cartooning developed as his older brother Charles pushed him and provided him with constant critical feedback on his work, in 1958 the brothers self-published three issues of Foo in imitation of Harvey Kurtzmans satirical Humbug and Mad. They sold them door-to-door with little success, souring the young Crumb on the comic-book business, at fifteen, Crumb became obsessed with collecting jazz and blues records from the 1920s to the 1940s. At age 16, he abandoned the Catholic faith, Crumbs father gave him $40 when he left home after high school. His first job, in 1962, was drawing novelty greeting cards for American Greetings in Cleveland, in Cleveland he met a group of young bohemians such as Buzzy Linhart, Liz Johnston, and Harvey Pekar. Dissatisfied with greeting card work, he tried to sell cartoons to comic book companies, in 1965, cartoonist Harvey Kurtzman printed some of Crumbs work in the humor magazine he edited, Help. Crumb moved to New York, intending to work with Kurtzman, Crumb briefly illustrated bubblegum cards for Topps before returning to Cleveland and American Greetings. Crumb married Dana Morgan in 1964, nearly destitute, the couple traveled in Europe, during which Crumb continued to produce work for Kurtzman and American Greetings, and Dana stole food
8.
Stroh violin
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Stroh is a maker using Stroviols, as a trade name for their phono instruments, which include violin, viola, cello, bass, ukulele, slide guitar, and mandolin. There are also numerous Stroviols one string phonofiddles made and these instruments are named after their designer, John Matthias Augustus Stroh, an electrical engineer in London, who patented it. On 4 May 1899, Stroh applied for a UK patent, GB9418 titled Improvements in Violins and this described the use of a flat metal diaphragm in the voice-box of a violin to mechanically amplify the sound. Which was accepted on 14 December 1901 and this effectively extended the first concept to now use a conical resonator with corrugations at its edge, allowing a more rigid diaphragm. His failure to register his inventions in the USA allowed John Dopyera and Geo Beauchamp to subsequently obtain US patents for the tricone, the Stroh violin is also closely related to other horned violins using a mica sheet-resonating diaphragm, known as phonofiddles. Willy Tiebel in Markneukirken Germany made Stroh violin copies in the 1920s, there were other makers such as Howson who made brass horned phono instruments including various one stringed phono fiddles and 4 string phono ukuleles. The violinophone was made in Prague early 20th century and this instrument has a diaphragm mounted vertically in a violin body under the bridge. The sound is carried through a tube to the horn which protrudes from the violin to a horn which wraps around the shoulder. —a violin that amplifies its sound through a resonator and metal horns rather than a wooden sound box as on a standard violin. The Romanian phono folk instruments are made from trumpet bells In the present day, many types of horn-violin exist, Stroh violins are much louder than a standard wooden violin, and its directional projection of sound made it particularly useful in the early days of phonographic recording. The Stroh produces significantly more volume, and it has a good tone. On early records the violin can almost be recognized by its thin whining tone, the Stroh violin successfully replaced that limitation with a full, nearly accurate violin sound. It was listed as being suitable for use in small theaters. There were also mechanically amplified Stroh instruments including a cello, viola, ukulele, mandolin, many of the Stroh violins had a second, small, monitoring horn, as did the Stroh viola. A number of musicians, including Tom Waits, Carla Kihlstedt, Thomas Newman, Bat for Lashes, A Hawk, shakira featured a Stroh violin on her 2010/11 The Sun Comes Out World Tour, with multi-instrumentalist Una Palliser playing it on some songs. A Stroh violin is played by Andy Stein of Vince Giordanos Nighthawks. They Might Be Giants used a Stroh violin in their song, I Can Hear You, lindsey Stirling features a Stroh violin in her latest video Roundtable Rival. In 1920s Buenos Aires, Julio de Caro, a renowned Tango orchestra director and violinist, used it in his live performances, the Romanian horn-violin is similar to the Stroh violin
9.
Underground comix
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Underground comix are small press or self-published comic books which are often socially relevant or satirical in nature. They differ from mainstream comics in depicting content forbidden to mainstream publications by the Comics Code Authority, including drug use, sexuality. They were most popular in the United States between 1968 and 1975, and in the United Kingdom between 1973 and 1974, Robert Crumb, Gilbert Shelton, and numerous other cartoonists created underground titles that were popular with readers within the counterculture scene. Punk had its own comic artists like Gary Panter, often referred to as Tijuana bibles, these books are often considered the predecessors of the underground comix scene. Early underground comix appeared sporadically in the early and mid-1960s, the first underground comix were personal works produced for friends of the artists, in addition to reprints of comic strip pages which first appeared in underground newspapers. The United States underground comics scene emerged in the 1960s, focusing on subjects dear to the counterculture, recreational use, politics, rock music. These titles were termed comix in order to them from mainstream publications. The X also emphasized the X-rated contents of the publications, the underground comix scene had its strongest success in the United States between 1968 and 1975, with titles initially distributed primarily though head shops. Underground comix often featured covers intended to appeal to the drug culture, Crumb stated that the appeal of underground comix was their lack of censorship, People forget that that was what it was all about. We didnt have anybody standing over us saying No, you cant draw this or You cant show that and we could do whatever we wanted. American comix were strongly influenced by EC Comics and especially magazines edited by Harvey Kurtzman, kurtzmans Help. magazine featured the works of artists who would later become well known in the underground comix scene, including Crumb and Shelton. Other artists published work in magazines before becoming known in the underground scene. Perhaps the earliest of the comic strips was Frank Stacks The Adventures of Jesus, begun in 1962. It has been credited as the first underground comic, sheltons own Wonder Wart-Hog appeared in the college humor magazine Bacchanal #1-2 in 1962. Jack Jacksons God Nose, published in Texas in 1964, has also given that title. One guide lists two other underground comix from that year, Vaughn Bodēs Das Kampf and Charles Plymells Robert Ronnie Branaman, joel Beck began contributing a full-page comic each week to the underground newspaper the Berkeley Barb and his full-length comic Lenny of Laredo was published in 1965. In 1968, Crumb, in San Francisco, self-published his first solo comic, the title was financially successful, and developed a market for underground comix. By the end of the 1960s, there was recognition of the movement by a major American museum when the Corcoran Gallery of Art staged an exhibition, The Phonus Balonus Show
10.
Art Spiegelman
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Art Spiegelman is an American cartoonist, editor, and comics advocate best known for his graphic novel Maus. He is married to designer and editor Françoise Mouly and is the father of writer Nadja Spiegelman and he gained prominence in the underground comix scene in the 1970s with short, experimental, and often autobiographical work. A selection of these appeared in the collection Breakdowns in 1977, after which Spiegelman turned focus to the book-length Maus, about his relation with his father. The postmodern book depicts Nazis as cats, Jews as mice, and ethnic Poles as pigs and it won a special Pulitzer Prize in 1992 and has gained a reputation as a pivotal work, responsible for bringing scholarly attention to the comics medium. Spiegelman and Mouly edited eleven issues of Raw from 1980 to 1991. Beginning in the 1990s, the couple worked for The New Yorker, Spiegelman advocates for greater comics literacy. As an editor, a teacher at the School of Visual Arts in New York City, Art Spiegelmans parents were Polish Jews Władysław and Andzia Spiegelman. His father was born Zeev Spiegelman, with the Hebrew name Zeev ben Avraham, Władysław was his Polish name, and Władek was a diminutive of this name. He was also known as Wilhelm under the German occupation, and his mother was born Andzia Zylberberg, with the Hebrew name Hannah. She took the name Anna upon her immigration to the US, in Spiegelmans Maus, from which the couple are best known, Spiegelman used the spellings Vladek and Anja, which he believed would be easier for Americans to pronounce. The surname Spiegelman is German for mirror man, the Spiegelmans had one other son, Rysio, who died before Art was born at the age of five or six. During the Holocaust, Spiegelmans parents sent Rysio to stay with an aunt with whom they believed he would be safe. The aunt poisoned herself, along with Rysio and two other family members in her care, so that the Nazis would not take them to the extermination camps. After the war, the Spiegelmans, unable to accept that Rysio was dead, Spiegelman talked of having a sort of sibling rivalry with his ghost brother—he felt unable to compete with an ideal brother who never threw tantrums or got in any kind of trouble. Of 85 Spiegelman relatives alive at the beginning of World War II, Spiegelman was born Itzhak Avraham ben Zeev in Stockholm, Sweden, on February 15,1948. He immigrated with his parents to the US in 1951, upon immigration his name was registered as Arthur Isadore, but he later had his given name changed to Art. Initially the family settled in Norristown, Pennsylvania, and then relocated to Rego Park in Queens, New York City and he began cartooning in 1960 and imitated the style of his favorite comic books, such as Mad. At Russell Sage Junior High School, where he was an honors student and he was earning money from his drawing by the time he reached high school and sold artwork to the original Long Island Press and other outlets
11.
Maus
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Maus is a graphic novel by American cartoonist Art Spiegelman, serialized from 1980 to 1991. It depicts Spiegelman interviewing his father about his experiences as a Polish Jew, the work employs postmodern techniques and represents Jews as mice and other Germans and Poles as cats and pigs. Critics have classified Maus as memoir, biography, history, fiction, autobiography, in 1992 it became the first graphic novel to win a Pulitzer Prize. In the narrative past, Spiegelman depicts these experiences, from the leading up to World War II to his parents liberation from the Nazi concentration camps. Much of the story revolves around Spiegelmans troubled relationship with his father, and her grief-stricken husband destroyed her written accounts of Auschwitz. The book uses a minimalist drawing style and displays innovation in its pacing, and structure, a three-page strip also called Maus that he made in 1972 gave Spiegelman an opportunity to interview his father about his life during World War II. The recorded interviews became the basis for the novel, which Spiegelman began in 1978. He serialized Maus from 1980 until 1991 as an insert in Raw, a comics and graphics magazine published by Spiegelman and his wife, Françoise Mouly. A collected volume of the first six chapters that appeared in 1986 brought the book mainstream attention, Maus was one of the first graphic novels to receive significant academic attention in the English-speaking world. Most of the book weaves in and out of two timelines, in the frame tale of the narrative present, Spiegelman interviews his father Vladek in the Rego Park neighborhood of New York City in 1978–79. The story that Vladek tells unfolds in the narrative past, which begins in the mid-1930s, in Rego Park in 1958, a young Art Spiegelman complains to his father that his friends have left him behind. His father responds in broken English, Friends, if you lock them together in a room with no food for a week, then you could see what it is, friends. As an adult, Art visits his father, from whom he has become estranged, Vladek has remarried to a woman called Mala since the suicide in 1968 of Arts mother Anja. Art asks Vladek to recount his Holocaust experiences, Vladek tells of his time in the Polish city Częstochowa and how he came to marry into Anjas wealthy family in 1937 and move to Sosnowiec to become a manufacturer. Vladek begs Art not to include this in the book, Anja suffers a breakdown due to postpartum depression after giving birth to their first son Richieu, and the couple go to a sanitarium in Nazi-occupied Czechoslovakia for her to recover. After they return, political and antisemitic tensions build until Vladek is drafted just before the Nazi invasion, Vladek is captured at the front and forced to work as a prisoner of war. After his release, he finds Germany has annexed Sosnowiec, and he sneaks across the border and reunites with his family. During one of Arts visits, he finds that a friend of Malas has sent the couple one of the underground comix magazines Art contributed to, Mala had tried to hide it, but Vladek finds and reads it
12.
Fritz the Cat
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Fritz the Cat is a comic strip created by Robert Crumb. Set in a supercity of anthropomorphic animals, the focuses on Fritz. Crumb began drawing this character in comic books when he was a child. Fritz became one of his most famous characters, thanks largely to the motion picture adaptation by Ralph Bakshi, the strip appeared in Help. and Cavalier magazines. It subsequently gained prominence in publications associated with the underground comix scene between 1965 and 1972, Fritz the Cat comic compilations elevated the strip into one of the most iconic features of the underground scene. The strip received further attention when it was adapted into a 1972 animated film with the same name, the directorial debut of animator Bakshi, it became a worldwide success. It was the first animated film to receive an X rating in the United States. Crumb ended the strip in 1972 due to disagreements with the filmmakers and he published a story in which Fritz was murdered by an ex-girlfriend. A second animated film, The Nine Lives of Fritz the Cat, was produced in 1974 without the involvement of either Bakshi or Crumb. Fritz the Cat was created in 1959 by Robert Crumb in a comic book story called Cat Life, based on the experiences of Fred. The characters next appearance was in a 1960 story entitled Robin Hood, by this point, the cat had become anthropomorphic and had been renamed Fritz, a name derived from a minor unrelated character who appeared briefly in Cat Life. Fritz appeared in the early 1960s Animal Town strips drawn by Charles, sometimes Fritz was accompanied by Fuzzy the Bunny, who served as an alter ego for Charles, his creator. Fritz the Cat is set in a supercity of millions of animals. Stories begin simply and become chaotic and complex as the narrative responds to uncontrollable forces. The look of Fritz the Cat comics was characterized by the use of the Rapidograph technical pen, Crumb states that much of the comic books he enjoyed as a child were funny animal comics, particularly those of Carl Barks. The characters talked to other and nothing much happened. Just a lot of takes place. Robert Crumb stated of his work, I can express something that is different from what I put into my work about humans
13.
Jay Lynch
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Jay Patrick Lynch was an American cartoonist who played a key role in the underground comix movement with his Bijou Funnies and other titles. He is best known for his comic strip Nard n Pat and his work is sometimes signed Jayzey Lynch. Lynch was the writer for Bazooka Joe comics from 1967 to 1990, he contributed to Mad. Lynch was born in Orange, New Jersey and grew up in Belmar, ben Schwartz, writing in the alternative weekly The Chicago Reader, traced Lynchs formative years, In 1963, at age 17, Lynch had moved to Chicago from Florida, where he grew up. Working a string of odd jobs to support himself, he wound up manning the service bar at Second City one summer and this was between the theaters skinny-tie Alan Arkin days and the Belushi hippie years. At that time it seemed like Second City was over, Lynch says and they had been on Jack Paar, and all the Hyde Park Compass Players were gone. The Realist would come out, and youd see them taking their improvs from there, Lynch moved into Del Closes old apartment on Hudson. Close had left it in such a mess that the landlord let him live there for free on the condition that he fix the place up. Schwartz continues, He drew cartoons for Roosevelt Universitys humor magazine, the Aardvark, Bijou Funnies was heavily influenced by Mad magazine, and, along with Zap, is considered one of the titles to launch the underground comix movement. Bijou Funnies lasted 8 issues, a selection of stories from Bijou Funnies were collected in 1975 in the book The Best of Bijou Funnies, Lynchs best known comic book stories involve the human-cat duo Nard n Pat, recurring characters in Bijou Funnies. Nard is a bald middle-aged man of conservative tendencies, and Patrick is his more hip talking cat. Nard n Pat were featured in two issues of their own comic, the first one published by Cartoonists Co-Op Press in 1974, and the second issue published by Kitchen Sink Press in 1981. Lynch has scans of more than 500 editions of the ready for any publisher who sees the potential of a Phoebe. Beginning in 1968, Lynch became a contributor to Topps Wacky Packages and Garbage Pail Kids. I would usually submit a dozen roughs at a time, Len would tell me, usually on the phone, which food conglomerates I could not parody, based on cease and desist letters from prior series. I had a master list of taboo companies – and this would be added to, by phone, until a new master list would be compiled, in those days I had a pretty good working knowledge of who made what, though. So I would give Len a verbal list of maybe 20 or so products, sometimes he would suggest products, sometimes he would come up with the gag title on the phone, and I would add to it on the rough. Sometimes Spiegelman, or Bhob Stewart, or Woody Gelman would phone the assignment to me, in the 80s, Mark Newgarden would phone the assignment to me
14.
Documentary film
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A documentary film is a nonfictional motion picture intended to document some aspect of reality, primarily for the purposes of instruction, education, or maintaining a historical record. Documentary has been described as a practice, a cinematic tradition. Polish writer and filmmaker Bolesław Matuszewski was among those who identified the mode of documentary film and he wrote two of the earliest texts on cinema Une nouvelle source de lhistoire and La photographie animée. Both were published in 1898 in French and among the written works to consider the historical. Matuszewski is also among the first filmmakers to propose the creation of a Film Archive to collect, the American film critic Pare Lorentz defines a documentary film as a factual film which is dramatic. Others further state that a documentary stands out from the types of non-fiction films for providing an opinion. Documentary practice is the process of creating documentary projects. Documentary filmmaking can be used as a form of journalism, advocacy, early film was dominated by the novelty of showing an event. They were single-shot moments captured on film, a train entering a station and these short films were called actuality films, the term documentary was not coined until 1926. Many of the first films, such as made by Auguste and Louis Lumière, were a minute or less in length. Films showing many people were made for commercial reasons, the people being filmed were eager to see, for payment. One notable film clocked in at over an hour and a half, using pioneering film-looping technology, Enoch J. Rector presented the entirety of a famous 1897 prize-fight on cinema screens across the United States, in May 1896, Bolesław Matuszewski recorded on film few surigical operations in Warsaw and Saint Petersburg hospitals. In 1898, French surgeon Eugène-Louis Doyen invited Bolesław Matuszewski and Clément Maurice and they started in Paris a series of surgical films sometime before July 1898. Until 1906, the year of his last film, Doyen recorded more than 60 operations, Doyen said that his first films taught him how to correct professional errors he had been unaware of. These and five other of Doyens films survive, all these short films have been preserved. I must say I forgot those works and I am thankful to you that you reminded them to me, unfortunately, not many scientists have followed your way. Travelogue films were popular in the early part of the 20th century
15.
Crumb (film)
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Crumb is a 1994 documentary film about the noted underground cartoonist Robert Crumb and his family. Directed by Terry Zwigoff and produced by Lynn ODonnell, it won widespread acclaim and it was released in the USA on April 28,1995, having been screened at film festivals the previous year. Jeffery M. Anderson placed the film on his list of the ten greatest films of all time, Crumb is about the experiences and characters of Robert Crumb and his family, particularly his brothers, Maxon and Charles, as well as Roberts wife Aline Kominsky-Crumb and his children. The movie chronicles Crumbs career, highlighting his creations Keep On Truckin and Fritz the Cat, portraits emerge as well of older brother Charles, who committed suicide before the film was released, and youngest brother Maxon, a panhandler who painted to assuage his inner demons. Though filmmaker Zwigoff had the consent of the Crumb brothers, some questioned the ability of the more disturbed brothers to provide that consent. The involvement of Charles and Maxon, which Zwigoff felt was just as important to Roberts story as anything else, Robert Crumb initially did not want to make the film, but eventually agreed. There was a rumor, accidentally created by Roger Ebert, that Terry Zwigoff made Crumb cooperate by threatening to shoot himself, Ebert later clarified this in the audio commentary of the films Criterion Collection re-release. Ebert notes that “it may be true that Zwigoff’s life was saved because he did make the film. ”Crumb was met with acclaim from critics. Gene Siskel rated Crumb as the best film of the year, Roger Ebert gave the film four stars, writing that Crumb is a film that gives new meaning to the notion of art as therapy. In The Washington Post, Desson Howes review was similarly positive, the San Francisco Chronicle rated the film as wild applause, as critic Edward Guthmann called the film one of the most provocative, haunting documentaries of the last decade. He also noted that Robert Crumb and wife Aline had drawn a cartoon about the film in The New Yorker. Critic Jeffrey M. Anderson called it one of the most brave and honest films Ive ever seen, despite strong reviews, Crumb was not nominated for the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature. Zwigoff stated in an interview that, “The Academy Award thing had much more to do with the fact that at the time, the rules have changed since then. But they would just vote for the films they distributed because it was in their financial interest to do so. ”He continued, in 2008, Entertainment Weekly named Crumb the 14th best film of the last 25 years. In 2012 Slant Magazine ranked the film #74 on its list of the 100 Best Films of the 1990s, morgan Spurlock named it to his list of 50 Documentaries to See Before You Die. Best Nonfiction Film 1995, National Society of Film Critics Official site Crumb at the Internet Movie Database Crumb at AllMovie Crumb review, The Washington Post
16.
Sundance Film Festival
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The Sundance Film Festival, a program of the Sundance Institute, is an American film festival that takes place annually in Park City, Utah. With 46,660 attendees in 2016, it is the largest independent film festival in the United States. Held in January in Park City, Salt Lake City, and Ogden, as well as at the Sundance Resort, the 2017 Sundance Film Festival took place from January 19 to January 29,2017. Sundance began in Salt Lake City in August 1978, as the Utah/US Film Festival in an effort to more filmmakers to Utah. It was founded by Sterling Van Wagenen, John Earle, the 1978 festival featured films such as Deliverance, A Streetcar Named Desire, Midnight Cowboy, Mean Streets, and The Sweet Smell of Success. The festival also highlighted the work of filmmakers who worked outside the Hollywood system. The jury of the 1978 festival was headed by Gary Allison, and included Verna Fields, Linwood G. Dunn, Katharine Ross, Charles E. Sellier Jr. Mark Rydell, and Anthea Sylbert. More than 60 films were screened at the festival that year, also that year, the first Frank Capra Award went to Jimmy Stewart. The festival also made a profit for the first time, in 1980, Catania left the festival to pursue a production career in Hollywood. Several factors helped propel the growth of Utah/US Film Festival, first was the involvement of actor and Utah resident Robert Redford, who became the festivals inaugural chairman. By having Redfords name associated with the festival, it received great attention, secondly, the country was hungry for more venues that would celebrate American-made films as the only other festival doing so at the time was the USA Film Festival in Dallas. Response in Hollywood was unprecedented as major studios did all they could to contribute their resources, in 1981, the festival moved to Park City, Utah, and changed the dates from September to January. It was called the US Film and Video Festival, in 1984, the now well-established Sundance Institute, headed by Sterling Van Wagenen, took over management of the US Film Festival. The branding and marketing transition from the US Film Festival to the Sundance Film Festival was managed under the direction of Colleen Allen, Allen Advertising Inc. by appointment of Robert Redford. In 1991 the festival was renamed the Sundance Film Festival, after Redfords character The Sundance Kid from the film Butch Cassidy. The majority of the screenings, including the festivals premieres. The 2013 Sundance London Festival was held April 25–28,2013, Sundance London 2014 took place on April 25–27,2014 at the O2 arena. The Sundance London 2015 Festival was cancelled in an announcement on January 16,2015, Sundance London will return to London in 2016 from June 10–12 at Picturehouse Cinema in Londons West End
17.
Directors Guild of America
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The Directors Guild of America is an entertainment guild which represents the interests of film and television directors in the United States motion picture industry and abroad. Founded as the Screen Directors Guild in 1936, the merged with the Radio. As a union that seeks to organize an individual profession, rather than multiple professions across an industry, the DGA is a craft union. It represents directors and members of the team that representation includes all sorts of media, such as film, television, documentaries, news, sports, commercials. The Guild has various training programs whereby successful applicants are placed in various productions, as of 2017, the guild had more than 16,000 members. The DGA headquarters are located on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood, with offices in New York and Chicago and coordinating committees in San Francisco, Chicago. Suspended members pay dues but are ineligible to vote in the union, DGA contracts also cover some non-members, known as agency fee payers. These non-members currently number 172, or comparatively about 1% of the size of the unions membership, Guild members are generally prevented from working for companies that have not signed an agreement with the DGA. This sometimes leads production companies which have no agreement to form new companies, purely for the purpose of making a particular film. The DGA negotiates minimum compensation levels that must be paid by the companies, many DGA members have agents who may negotiate rates above the minimums for their clients. The DGA agreements also secure residual payments for the reuse of members’ work in film, television, other than wages and basic working conditions, the DGA has a particular role in protecting the creative rights of film and TV directors. Such protections that the guild provides include defining the role, ensuring, with examples, the principle of one director to a picture. Generally each of these protections is to offset the power that producers can have over a director during the film-making process. The DGA hosts the annual DGA Awards, an important precursor to the Academy Awards, in its 69-year history, the DGA Award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Feature Film has been a near perfect barometer for the Best Director Academy Award. Only seven times since the DGA Awards inception has the DGA Award winner not won the corresponding Academy Award, honorees are awarded with a statue, manufactured by New York firm, Society Awards. The rule is waived only for directorial teams recognized by the DGA who have a history of working together, examples include The Wachowskis, Jonathan Dayton and Valerie Faris, Hughes brothers, Brothers Strause, and the Coen brothers. The Coens for years divided credit, with Ethan taking producing credit, Joel taking directing credit, in the past, the DGA has also engaged in disputes with the Writers Guild of America over possessory credits, first used in the 1915 film The Birth of a Nation. The WGA tried to limit possessory credits to writers, but has always been opposed by the DGA
18.
Gene Siskel
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Eugene Kal Gene Siskel was an American film critic and journalist for Chicago Tribune. Along with colleague Roger Ebert, he hosted a series of review shows on television from 1975 to 1999. Siskel was born in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Ida and his parents were Russian Jewish immigrants. Siskel was raised by his aunt and uncle after both his parents died when he was ten years old and his first print review was for the film Rascal, which was written one month before he became the papers film critic. His review of the film was favorable but received no stars by default since the paper did not use a system for films at the time. For a time afterwards, Gene was acquainted with Playboy magazine publisher, in 1975, Siskel teamed up with Roger Ebert, film reviewer for Chicago Sun-Times, to host a show on the local Chicago PBS station WTTW which eventually became Sneak Previews. Sneak Previews gained an audience in 1977 WTTW offered it as a series to the PBS program system. Siskel and Ebert left WTTW and PBS in 1982 for syndication and their new show, At the Movies, was produced and distributed by Tribune Broadcasting, the parent company that owned the Chicago Tribune and WGN-TV. Sneak Previews continued on PBS for 14 more years with other hosts, in 1986, Siskel and Ebert left Tribune Broadcasting to have their show produced by the syndication arm of The Walt Disney Company. The new incarnation of the show was originally titled Siskel & Ebert & the Movies, at the Movies also continued a few more years with other hosts. A very early appearance of Siskel, taken from Coming Soon to a Theatre Near You, predecessor to Sneak Previews, is included in For the Love of Movies, The Story of American Film Criticism. In this 2009 documentary film he is debating with Ebert over the merits of the film version of One Flew Over the Cuckoos Nest. Normally, Siskel and Roger Ebert would refuse to guest star in movies or televisual series as they felt it would undermine their responsibility to the public. However, they both could not resist appearing on an episode of the television series The Critic, the title character of which was a film critic who hosted a television show. In the episode, Siskel and Ebert split and each wants Jay Sherman and they also once appeared in an episode of the childrens television series Sesame Street. Siskel also appeared as himself on an episode of The Larry Sanders Show, Siskel was diagnosed with a cancerous brain tumor on May 8,1998. He underwent brain surgery three days later, Siskel died from complications of another surgery at the age of 53 on February 20,1999. After Siskels death, the producers of Siskel & Ebert began using other film critics on a basis as an audition for a permanent successor
19.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
20.
Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences
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The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences is a professional honorary organization with the stated goal of advancing the arts and sciences of motion pictures. The Academys corporate management and general policies are overseen by a Board of Governors, the roster of the Academys approximately 6,000 motion picture professionals is a closely guarded secret. While the great majority of its members are based in the United States, the Academy is known around the world for its annual Academy Awards, now officially known as The Oscars. The Academy plans to open the Academy Museum of Motion Pictures in Los Angeles in 2017, the notion of the Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences began with Louis B. He said he wanted to create an organization that would mediate labor disputes without unions and he met with actor Conrad Nagel, director Fred Niblo, and the head of the Association of Motion Picture Producers, Fred Beetsonto to discuss these matters. The idea of this elite club having a banquet was discussed. They also established that membership into the organization would only be open to people involved in one of the five branches of the industry, actors, directors, writers, technicians, and producers. That evening Mayer presented to those guests what he called the International Academy of Motion Picture Arts, everyone in the room that evening became a founder of the Academy. Several organizational meetings were held prior to the first official meeting held on May 6,1927 and their first organizational meeting was held on May 11. At that meeting Douglas Fairbanks, Sr. was elected as the first president of the Academy, while Fred Niblo was the first vice-president and that night, the Academy also bestowed its first honorary membership, to Thomas Edison. Initially, the Academy was broken down into five groups, or branches. The original five were, Producers, Actors, Directors, Writers, the initial concerns of the group had to do with labor. However, as went on, the organization moved further away from involvement in labor-management arbitrations and negotiations. By July 1928 the board of directors had approved a list of 12 awards to be presented, during July the voting system for the Awards was established, and the nomination and selection process began. This award of merit for distinctive achievement is what we know now as the Academy Award, the initial location of the organization was 6912 Hollywood Boulevard. In May 1928, the Academy authorized the construction of a state of the art screening room, the screening room was not completed until April 1929. With the publication of Report on Incandescent Illumination in 1928, the Academy began a history of publishing books to assist its members. Another early initiative concerned training Army Signal Corps officers, in 1929 Academy members in a joint venture with the University of Southern California created Americas first film school to further the art and science of moving pictures
21.
Ghost World (film)
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Ghost World is a 2001 American black comedy film directed by Terry Zwigoff, based on the comic book of the same name by Daniel Clowes, with a screenplay co-written by Clowes and Zwigoff. The story focuses on the lives of Enid and Rebecca, two teenage outsiders in an unnamed American city, best friends Enid and Rebecca face the summer after their high school graduation. The girls are social outcasts, but Rebecca is more popular with boys than Enid, Enids diploma is withheld on the condition that she attend a remedial art class. Even though she is a talented artist, her art teacher, Roberta, believes that art must be socially meaningful, the girls see a personal ad in which a lonely, middle-aged man named Seymour asks a woman he met recently to contact him. Enid makes a phone call to Seymour, pretending to be the woman. The two girls and their friend, Josh, secretly watch Seymour at the diner and make fun of him, Enid soon begins to feel sympathy for Seymour, and they follow him to his apartment building. Later they find him selling vintage records in a garage sale, Enid buys an old blues album from him, and they become friends. She decides to try to find women for him to date, Enid presents the poster in class as a social comment about racism, and Roberta is so impressed with the concept that she offers Enid a scholarship to an art college. Seymour receives a call from Dana, the intended recipient of his personal ad. Enid encourages him to pursue a relationship with Dana, but she becomes jealous when he does so. Enid and Rebeccas lives start to diverge, while Enid has been spending time with Seymour, Rebecca has found a job at a coffee shop and has become more interested in clothing and boys. Enid also finds a job so she can afford to rent an apartment with Rebecca, the girls argue, and Rebecca abandons the idea of living with Enid. At the end of the summer, Enid and Seymours lives fall apart, when Enids poster is displayed in an art show, school officials find it so offensive they force Roberta to give her a failing grade and revoke the scholarship. Enid turns to Seymour for solace, resulting in a drunken one-night stand, Seymour breaks up with Dana, and is called to account at work when the Coon Chicken poster is publicized in a local newspaper. He unsuccessfully tries to contact Enid, only for Rebecca to tell him about Enids prank phone call, Seymour is upset and ends up in a violent confrontation with Josh, resulting in his being injured and hospitalized. Enid visits him in an effort to apologize, causing him to realize that he has no chance of any kind of future with her, Enid gives in to her childhood fantasy of running away from home and disappearing. She has seen an old man, Norman, continually waiting at a bus stop for a bus that will never come. Enid sits next to him, and Norman boards an out-of-service bus, the next day, while Seymour discusses the summers events with his therapist, Enid returns to the bus stop and boards the out-of-service bus when it arrives
22.
Daniel Clowes
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Daniel Gillespie Clowes is an American cartoonist, graphic novelist, illustrator, and screenwriter. Most of Clowess work first appeared in Eightball, an anthology comic book series. Clowes’s illustrations have appeared in The New Yorker, Newsweek, Vogue, The Village Voice, with filmmaker Terry Zwigoff, Clowes adapted Ghost World into a 2001 film and another Eightball story into the 2006 film, Art School Confidential. Clowes was born in Chicago, Illinois, to an auto mechanic mother and his mother was Jewish and his father was from a reserved WASPish Pennsylvania family, Clowes’s upbringing was not religious. In 1979, he finished school at the University of Chicago Laboratory Schools and attended the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York. Later, he received piles of 1950s and 1960s classic titles like Archie and The Fantastic Four from his older brother, Clowes and writer Mort Todd co-created a recurring Cracked feature titled The Uggly Family. In 1985, Clowes drew the first comic to feature his character Lloyd Llewellyn and he sent the story to Fantagraphics Gary Groth, and his work soon appeared in the Hernandez brothers Love and Rockets #13. Fantagraphics published six magazine-sized, black and white issues of Lloyd Llewellyn in 1986 and 1987, and The All-New Lloyd Llewellyn, in 1989, Fantagraphics published the first issue of Clowes’s comic book Eightball. On issue #1s masthead, Clowes described the anthology as An Orgy of Spite, Vengeance, Hopelessness, Despair, Eightball lasted twenty three issues, ending in 2004. One of the most widely acclaimed American alternative comics, it won two dozen awards, and all of Clowess Eightball serials have been collected and released as graphic novels. From #1 to #18, an Eightball issue typically contained short pieces that ranged in genre from comical rant and Freudian analysis to fairy tale and cultural criticism. These issues also featured a chapter of a serial that Clowes later collected as a novel, Like a Velvet Glove Cast in Iron, Pussey. With #19, Clowes abandoned the anthology format, the oversized black and white issues #19–21 each contained a single act of Clowess three-act David Boring, which was released as a graphic novel in 2000. Clowes again changed format with #22, the first full-color Eightball, #22 included a single graphic novel-length story Ice Haven. The final issue, #23 was a full-color, single-story comic The Death-Ray released in 2004 and he designed the labels mascot, Punky, who appeared on T-shirts, paddle-balls, watches, and other merchandise. In 1994, Clowes created art for the Ramones video I Dont Want to Grow Up, after Eightball ended in 2004, Clowes began to release full-color graphic novels, beginning in 2005 with Ice Haven, a revised version of the comic that appeared in Eightball #22. In 2010 Drawn and Quarterly published Wilson, Clowes’s first graphic novel that had not been serialized in Eightball,2011 also saw the Drawn and Quarterly hardcover release of The Death-Ray, which first appeared in Eightball #23. During this period, Clowes drew the first of several New Yorker covers and contributed comics to Zadie Smith’s The Book of Other People, in 2006, after a health crisis, Clowes underwent open-heart surgery
23.
Graphic novel
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A graphic novel is a book made up of comics content. Although the word normally refers to long fictional works, the term graphic novel is applied broadly and includes fiction, non-fiction. It is distinguished from the comic book, which is used for comics periodicals. Fan historian Richard Kyle coined the term graphic novel in an essay in the November 1964 issue of the comics fanzine Capa-Alpha, the Book Industry Study Group began using graphic novel as a category in book stores in 2001. In the publishing trade, the term extends to material that would not be considered a novel if produced in another medium. Collections of comic books that do not form a story, anthologies or collections of loosely related pieces. The term is sometimes used to distinguish between works created as standalone stories, in contrast to collections or compilations of a story arc from a comic book series published in book form. As the exact definition of the novel is debated, the origins of the form are open to interpretation. The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck is the oldest recognized American example of comics used to this end, the first American edition was published in 1842 by Wilson & Company in New York City using the original printing plates from the 1841 edition. Another early predecessor is Journey to the Gold Diggins by Jeremiah Saddlebags by brothers J. A. D. and D. F. Read, inspired by The Adventures of Obadiah Oldbuck. In 1894 Caran dAche broached the idea of a novel in a letter to the newspaper Le Figaro. In the United States there is a tradition of reissuing previously published comic strips in book form. In 1897 the Hearst Syndicate published such a collection of The Yellow Kid by Richard Outcault, the 1920s saw a revival of the medieval woodcut tradition, with Belgian Frans Masereel cited as the undisputed king of this revival. American Lynd Ward also worked in this tradition, publishing Gods Man, in 1929, the 1940s saw the launching of Classics Illustrated, a comic-book series that primarily adapted notable, public domain novels into standalone comic books for young readers. In 1947 Fawcett Comics published Comics Novel #1, Anarcho, Dictator of Death, by the late 1960s, American comic book creators were becoming more adventurous with the form. Gil Kane and Archie Goodwin self-published a 40-page, magazine-format comics novel, savage in 1968—the same year Marvel Comics published two issues of The Spectacular Spider-Man in a similar format. Meanwhile, in continental Europe, the tradition of collecting serials of popular strips such as The Adventures of Tintin or Asterix led to long-form narratives published initially as serials. By 1969, the author John Updike, who had entertained ideas of becoming a cartoonist in his youth, addressed the Bristol Literary Society, on the death of the novel
24.
Ghost World
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Ghost World is a graphic novel by Daniel Clowes. It was serialized in issues #11–18 of Clowess comic book series Eightball and it was a commercial and critical success and developed into a cult classic. They spend their days wandering aimlessly around their unnamed American town, criticizing popular culture, as the comic progresses and Enid and Rebecca make the transition into adulthood, the two develop tensions and drift apart. A darkly written comic, with intermittently sombre explorations of friendship and modern life, Ghost World takes place in an unnamed town filled with shopping malls, fast food restaurants, and urban sprawl. The town plays a key part in the narrative, as it is constantly mocked and criticized by Enid, as the story progresses, the background changes dramatically. The phrase Ghost World is seen by the several times, painted or graffitied on garage doors, signs. The term can apply to the way in which both Enid and Becky, but especially Enid, are haunted by the past. In the special features of the adaptation, it is said to refer to the fact that the towns individuality is being encroached upon by franchises that are seen everywhere. Some reviews drew comparisons to J. D. Salinger’s Catcher in the Rye. The Village Voice stated that “Clowes spells out the realities of teen angst as powerfully and authentically as Salinger did in Catcher in the Rye for an earlier generation. ”The Guardian praised the illustrations and visuals, saying “it is beautifully drawn, with subtle. A classic portrait of teenage life” and Time magazine called it an “instant classic”, Enid Coleslaw and Rebecca Doppelmeyer are two cynical, intelligent teenage girls who are best friends in the 1990s. They are attracted to boys, but also unhappily entertain the possibility that they might be lesbians and their friendship is very close, but as the book goes on tensions between them build, especially over Enids plans to move away to college. They also have a friend named Josh, throughout the book the two girls enjoy teasing him, but they are also attracted to him and eventually a romantic triangle of sorts forms. A section in the middle of the story features Clowes in a cameo, as a cartoonist that Enid admires and with whom she is infatuated, but finds creepy and a perv when she actually sees him. The comic ends with Enid and Rebecca separating, while they speak half-heartedly of getting together sometime, impulsive, cynical and bitter, the strips lead character drifts through her life without care, criticizing almost everyone she meets. Enid Coleslaw is an 18-year-old, who has graduated from her high school. Enid takes an interest in playing pranks on people, purely for her own benefit. Clowes said of Enid’s character “When I started out I thought of her as this id creature
25.
Independent Spirit Awards
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The Film Independent Spirit Awards, founded in 1984, are awards dedicated to independent filmmakers. Winners were typically presented with acrylic glass pyramids containing suspended shoestrings representing the paltry budgets of independent films, in 1986, the event was renamed the Independent Spirit Awards. Since 2006, winners have received a trophy depicting a bird with its wings spread sitting atop of a pole with the shoestrings from the previous design wrapped around the pole, Film Independent Members vote to determine the winners of the Spirit Awards. The awards show is held inside a tent on the beach in Santa Monica, California, the show is broadcast live on the IFC network, as well as Hollywood Suite in Canada and A&E Latin America. The 32nd Independent Spirit Awards ceremony, hosted by Nick Kroll and John Mulaney, was broadcast live on IFC on Saturday, official website Film Independent Film Independents channel on YouTube Film Independent at the Internet Movie Database Independent Spirit Awards at the Internet Movie Database
26.
Golden Globe Award
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
27.
American Film Institute
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The American Film Institute is an American film organization that educates filmmakers and honors the heritage of the moving picture arts in America. AFI is supported by funding and public membership. The institute is composed of leaders from the film, entertainment, business, a board of trustees chaired by Sir Howard Stringer and a board of directors chaired by Robert A. Daly guide the organization, which is led by President and CEO Bob Gazzale. Prior leaders were founding director George Stevens, Jr. and Jean Picker Firstenberg. <ref>AFI Board of Trustees etc. American Film Institute. October 2014. Retrieved December 24,2014. </ref>Two years later, in 1967, AFI was established, supported by the National Endowment for the Arts, the Motion Picture Association of America and the Ford Foundation. The institute established a program for filmmakers known then as the Center for Advanced Film Studies. The institute moved to its current eight-acre Hollywood campus in 1981, the film training program grew into the AFI Conservatory, an accredited graduate school. AFI educates audiences and recognizes excellence through its awards programs and 10 Top 10 Lists. In 1969, the established the AFI Conservatory for Advanced Film Studies at Greystone. The first class included filmmakers Terrence Malick, Caleb Deschanel and Paul Schrader, mirroring a professional production environment, Fellows collaborate to make more films than any other graduate level program. Admission to AFI Conservatory is highly selective, with a maximum of 140 graduates per year, in 2013, Emmy and Oscar-winning director, producer and screenwriter James L. Brooks joined AFI as Artistic Director of the AFI Conservatory where he provides leadership for the film program. Brooks artistic role at the AFI Conservatory has a legacy that includes Daniel Petrie, Jr. Robert Wise. Award-winning director Bob Mandel served as Dean of the AFI Conservatory for nine years, jan Schuette took over as Dean in 2014. AFI Conservatorys alumni have careers in film, television and on the web and they have been recognized with all of the major industry awards – Academy Award, Emmy Award, guild awards, and the Tony Award. The AFI Catalog, started in 1968, is a web-based filmographic database, early print copies of this catalog may also be found at your local library. Each year the AFI Awards honor the ten outstanding films and ten outstanding television programs, the awards are a non-competitive acknowledgement of excellence. The Awards are announced in December and a luncheon for award honorees takes place the following January. The juries consisted of over 1,500 artists, scholars, critics and historians, with movies selected based on the films popularity over time, historical significance, citizen Kane was voted the greatest American film twice. AFI operates two film festivals, AFI Fest in Los Angeles, and AFI Docs in Silver Spring, Maryland, AFI Fest is the American Film Institutes annual celebration of artistic excellence
28.
USA Today
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USA Today is an internationally distributed American daily middle-market newspaper that serves as the flagship publication of its owner, the Gannett Company. Founded by Al Neuharth on September 15,1982, it operates from Gannetts corporate headquarters on Jones Branch Drive in McLean, Virginia and it is printed at 37 sites across the United States and at five additional sites internationally. USA Today is distributed in all 50 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico, with an international edition distributed in Canada, Asia and the Pacific Islands, Gannett formally announced the launch of the paper on April 20,1982. USA Today began publishing on September 15,1982, initially launching in the Baltimore and Washington, on July 2,1984, the newspaper switched from a largely black-and-white to a color publication, featuring full color photography and graphics in all four sections. On April 8,1985, the paper published its first special bonus section, a 12-page section called Baseball 85, on May 6,1986, USA Today began printing production of its international edition in Switzerland. On April 15, USA Today launched an international printing site. On August 28,1995, an international publishing site was launched in Frankfurt, Germany, to print. On October 4,1999, USA Today began running advertisements on its front page for the first time. The paper launched a sixth printing site for its international edition on May 15,2000, in Milan, Italy, followed on July 10 by the launch of a printing facility in Charleroi. That November, USA Today migrated its operations from Gannetts previous corporate headquarters in Arlington, in 2010, USA Today launched the USA Today API for sharing data with partners of all types. On August 27,2010, USA Today announced that it would undergo a reorganization of its newsroom and it also announced that the paper would shift its focus away from print and place more emphasis on its digital platforms and launch of a new publication called USA Today Sports. On September 14,2012, USA Today underwent the first major redesign in its history, to accomplish this goal, Gannett migrated its newspaper and television station websites to the Presto platform and the USA Today site design throughout 2013 and 2014. On January 4,2014, USA Today acquired the book and film review website, on September 3,2014, USA Today announced that it would lay off roughly 70 employees in a restructuring of its newsroom and business operations. In October 2014, USA Today and OpenWager Inc. entered into a partnership to release a Bingo app called USA TODAY Bingo Cruise, USA Today is known for synthesizing news down to easy-to-read-and-comprehend stories. In the main edition circulated in the United States and some Canadian cities, each consists of four sections, News, Money, Sports. The international edition of the paper features two sections, News and Money in one, with Sports and Life in the other, atypical of most daily newspapers, the paper does not print on Saturdays and Sundays, the Friday edition serves as the weekend edition. USA Today prints each complete story on the front page of the section with the exception of the cover story. The cover story is a story that requires a jump
29.
The Washington Post
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The Washington Post is an American daily newspaper. It is the most widely circulated newspaper published in Washington, D. C. and was founded on December 6,1877 and its current slogan is Democracy Dies in Darkness. Located in the city of the United States, the newspaper has a particular emphasis on national politics. Daily editions are printed for the District of Columbia, Maryland, the newspaper is published as a broadsheet, with photographs printed both in color and in black and white. The newspaper has won 47 Pulitzer Prizes and this includes six separate Pulitzers awarded in 2008, the second-highest number ever awarded to a single newspaper in one year, second only to The New York Times seven awards in 2002. Post journalists have also received 18 Nieman Fellowships and 368 White House News Photographers Association awards, in years since, its investigations have led to increased review of the Walter Reed Army Medical Center. In 2013, its owners, the Graham family, sold the newspaper to billionaire entrepreneur. The newspaper is owned by Nash Holdings LLC, a holding company Bezos created for the acquisition, the Washington Post is generally regarded as one of the leading daily American newspapers, along with The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal. The Post has distinguished itself through its reporting on the workings of the White House, Congress. It is one of the two daily broadsheets published in Washington D. C. the other being its smaller rival The Washington Times, unlike The New York Times and The Wall Street Journal, The Washington Post does not print an edition for distribution away from the East Coast. In 2009, the newspaper ceased publication of its National Weekly Edition, the majority of its newsprint readership is in District of Columbia and its suburbs in Maryland and Northern Virginia. The Sunday Style section differs slightly from the weekday Style section, it is in a tabloid format, and it houses the reader-written humor contest The Style Invitational. Additional weekly sections appear on weekdays, Health & Science on Tuesday, Food on Wednesday, Local Living on Thursday, the latter two are in a tabloid format. In November 2009, it announced the closure of its U. S. regional bureaus—Chicago, Los Angeles and New York—as part of a focus on. political stories. The newspaper has bureaus in Maryland and Virginia. While its circulation has been slipping, it has one of the highest market-penetration rates of any metropolitan news daily, for many decades, the Post had its main office at 1150 15th Street NW. This real estate remained with Graham Holdings when the newspaper was sold to Jeff Bezos Nash Holdings in 2013, Graham Holdings sold 1150 15th Street for US$159 million in November 2013. The Washington Post continued to lease space at 1150 L Street NW, in May 2014, The Washington Post leased the west tower of One Franklin Square, a high-rise building at 1301 K Street NW in Washington, D. C
30.
Bad Santa
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This was John Ritters last film appearance before his death on September 11,2003. The Coen brothers are credited as executive producers, the film was released in the United States on November 26,2003. The film was screened out of competition at the 2004 Cannes Film Festival, an unrated version was released on DVD on March 5,2004 and on Blu-ray Disc on November 20,2007 as Bad Santa. A directors cut DVD was released in November 2006, it features Zwigoffs cut of the film, a sequel, Bad Santa 2, was released worldwide on November 23,2016. Willie T. Soke and his dwarfed assistant Marcus Skidmore are professional thieves, at the mall, Willie is visited by Thurman Merman, a friendly but exceedingly naive and gullible, overweight boy who thinks Willie is really Santa. Thurman is a constant target of bullying by a gang of skateboarders. At a bar, Willie meets Sue, a woman with a Santa Claus fetish, Willie is harassed by a man in the bar, but Thurman intervenes. Willie gives Thurman a ride home, then enters the house where he lives with his senile grandmother. Thurman reveals that his mother died, and his father, Roger, is away exploring mountains until next year, Willie tricks Thurman into letting him steal from the house safe and a BMW owned by Roger. Bob informs Gin that he overheard Willie having sex with a woman in a dressing room – Gin starts to investigate. Willie goes to his room and sees it being raided, causing him to take advantage of Thurmans naivete and live in his house. The next day, Marcus gets angry at Willie for taking advantage of Thurman, Gins investigation of Willie includes visiting Roger, who indirectly reveals/learns that Willie is staying with Thurman illegally. He confronts Willie and Marcus at the mall, and takes them to a bar, there, he reveals that he has figured out their plan, blackmailing them for half of the cut to keep silent. Marcus tries to reason with Gin for a cut. Willie attempts to suicide by inhaling vehicle exhaust fumes. He gives Thurman a letter to give to the police, confessing all his misdeeds, Willie notices Thurmans black eye, which persuades him to make an example of the skateboarding bullies. He confronts and beats up the leader, frightening the other members into stopping their acts towards Thurman. Enraged at Gin for blackmailing him, Marcus and Lois set up a trap for Gin, Lois hits Gin with the car, then Marcus kills him via electrocution
31.
Billy Bob Thornton
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Billy Bob Thornton is an American actor, filmmaker, singer, songwriter, and musician. In 2016, he starred in an Amazon original series, Goliath about a washed up attorney with a new case. He has been vocal about his disrespect for celebrity culture, choosing to keep his life out of the public eye, however, the attention of the media has proven unavoidable in certain cases, his marriage to Angelina Jolie being a notable example. Thornton has appeared in at least one film per year every year since 1991. Thornton has written a variety of films, usually set in the Southern United States and mainly co-written with Tom Epperson, including A Family Thing, after Sling Blade, he directed several other films, including Daddy and Them, All the Pretty Horses, and Jayne Mansfields Car. He was also nominated for an Emmy Award, four Golden Globes, in addition to film work, Thornton began a career as a singer-songwriter. He has released four albums and is the vocalist of a blues rock band The Boxmasters. His brother Jimmy Don wrote a number of songs, two of which Thornton has recorded on his solo albums, during his childhood, Thornton lived in numerous places in Arkansas, including Alpine, Mount Holly, and Malvern. He was raised a Methodist in a family in a shack that had neither electricity nor plumbing. He graduated from school in 1973. A good high school player, he tried out for the Kansas City Royals. After a short period laying asphalt for the Arkansas State Transportation Department, he attended Henderson State University to pursue studies in psychology, in the mid-1980s, Thornton settled in Los Angeles to pursue his career as an actor, with future writing partner Tom Epperson. He initially had a difficult time succeeding as an actor, and worked in telemarketing, offshore wind farming and he also played drums and sang with South African rock band Jack Hammer. While Thornton worked as a waiter for an event, he served film director. Thornton struck up a conversation with Wilder, who advised Thornton to consider a career as a screenwriter, thorntons first screen role was in 1980s South of Reno, where he played a small role as a counter man in a restaurant. He also made an appearance as a store clerk in the 1987 Matlock episode The Photographer. Another one of his screen roles was as a cast member on the CBS sitcom Hearts Afire. His role as the villain in 1992s One False Move, which he also co-wrote and he also had small roles in the 1990s films Indecent Proposal, On Deadly Ground, Bound by Honor, and Tombstone
32.
Art School Confidential (film)
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Art School Confidential is a 2006 comedy-drama film directed by Terry Zwigoff, loosely based on the comic of the same name by Daniel Clowes. The film is Zwigoffs second collaboration with Clowes, the first being 2001s Ghost World, the cast includes Max Minghella, Sophia Myles, John Malkovich, Jim Broadbent, Matt Keeslar, Ethan Suplee, Joel Moore, Nick Swardson, Adam Scott, and Anjelica Huston. The film was shot at the Otis College of Art and Design in Los Angeles and at Pasadena City College in Pasadena. Otis Foundation Professor Gary Garaths worked as a consultant on the film, starting from childhood attempts at illustration, young Jerome pursues his true obsession to art school. Jerome enrolls in Strathmore, an urban college and his roommates are aspiring filmmaker Vince and closeted-gay fashion major Matthew. Jerome looks for love amongst the coeds, but is turned off by all, before falling in love with the art model. In his art classes, he forms a friendship with perennial loser, Bardo, who guides him through the scene and introduces him to a failed artist, Jimmy. As Jerome learns how the art world really works, he finds that he must adapt his vision to the reality that confronts him, the community has been wracked by a serial killer, the Strathmore Strangler, who has confounded the police. As Jerome slowly loses his idealism at art school, he himself in competition with a strange newcomer, Jonah. In a wild attempt to win an art competition, Jerome asks for. Jerome leaves a lit cigarette in Jimmys apartment by accident, setting a fire and burning up the apartment and Jimmy. The police arrest Jerome as the Strangler, Audrey realizes that her love is Jerome and that she was stupid to be in love with Jonah. Jeromes paintings, especially one of Audrey, become prized by collectors, Vince scores a hit with his documentary of the Strangler called My Roommate. In prison, Jerome continues to paint and sells his works at high prices, not caring that people think he is the killer, at the end, Audrey and Jerome share a kiss through the protective glass. Was really negatively received both at the box office and critically, I didnt think it was so bad. At least compared to all that shit out there, anyway. It was certainly just as good as any film in the marketplace, and Im not saying its a great film. Im just saying its better than most of the dreck, Art School Confidential received mixed feedback from critics
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John Malkovich
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John Gavin Malkovich is an American actor, director, and producer. He has appeared in more than 70 films, for his roles in Places in the Heart and In the Line of Fire, he received Academy Award nominations. In January 2017, he launched his fashion line with an online shop. Malkovich was born in Christopher, Illinois and his paternal grandparents were Croatian, hailing from Ozalj. His mother was of English, French, German and Scottish ancestry and he grew up in a large house in Benton, Illinois, where his next door neighbor was future basketball star Doug Collins. His father, Daniel Leon Malkovich, was a state director and publisher of Outdoor Illinois. His mother, Joe Anne, owned the Benton Evening News, Malkovich has three younger sisters and an older brother. Malkovich attended Logan Grade School, Webster Junior High School, during his high school years, he appeared in various plays and the musical Carousel. He was also active in a gospel group, singing in area churches. As a member of a local summer theater/comedy project, he co-starred in Jean-Claude van Itallies America Hurrah in 1972, upon graduating from high school, he entered Eastern Illinois University, and then transferred to Illinois State University, where he majored in theater. In 1976, Malkovich, along with Joan Allen, Gary Sinise and he moved to New York City in 1980 to appear in a Steppenwolf production of the Sam Shepard play True West for which he won an Obie Award. In early 1982, he appeared in A Streetcar Named Desire with Chicagos Wisdom Bridge Theatre, Malkovich then directed a Steppenwolf co-production, the 1984 revival of Lanford Wilsons Balm in Gilead, for which he received a second Obie Award and a Drama Desk Award. His Broadway debut that year was as Biff in Death of a Salesman alongside Dustin Hoffman as Willy, Malkovich won an Emmy Award for this role when the play was adapted for television by CBS in 1985. One of his first film roles was as an extra alongside Allen, Terry Kinney, George Wendt and he made his feature film debut in 1984 as Sally Fields blind boarder Mr. Will in Places in the Heart. For his portrayal of Mr. Will, Malkovich received his first Academy Award nomination for Best Supporting Actor and he also portrayed Al Rockoff in The Killing Fields. He later reprised this role for the video of Walking on Broken Glass by Annie Lennox. In 1990, he recited, in Croatian, verses of the Croatian national anthem Lijepa naša domovino in Nenad Bachs song Can We Go Higher, Malkovich starred in the 1992 film adaptation of John Steinbecks award-winning novella Of Mice and Men as Lennie alongside Gary Sinise as George. In 1994, he was nominated for another Oscar, in the same category, though he played the title role in the Charlie Kaufman-penned Being John Malkovich, he played a slight variation of himself, as indicated by the characters middle name of Horatio
34.
Jim Broadbent
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James Jim Broadbent is an English actor. His early stage work included appearances as Patrick Barlows assistant in the mock National Theatre of Brent and he won the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for Iris and the BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role for Moulin Rouge. He had a sister who died at birth. And All The Worlds A Globe and these were hits at the Edinburgh Fringe, in London, and on tour. Later stage work included the productions of Kafkas Dick and Our Countrys Good at the Royal Court Theatre. Work on the stage with Mike Leigh includes Goosepimples and Ecstasy and he had worked with Stephen Frears in The Hit and Terry Gilliam in Time Bandits and Brazil before establishing himself in Mike Leighs Life Is Sweet. He played The Shy Doctor in the 1999 Comic Relief parody Doctor Who sketch, Doctor Who, in 2001, Broadbent starred in three of the years most successful films, Bridget Joness Diary, Moulin Rouge. For which he won a BAFTA, and Iris, for which he won an Oscar for his portrayal of John Bayley, Broadbent voiced Madame Gasket in the 2005 film Robots. Broadbent also appeared as DCI Roy Slater, a character in the enormously popular sitcom Only Fools. The character appeared in three episodes over an eight-year period and he had originally been offered the lead role of Del Boy in the series, but he turned it down due to other commitments. He has also played a role in the Inspector Morse series, other comic roles include the lead role in the sitcom The Peter Principle and occasional guest appearances in Not The Nine OClock News, Only Fools and Horses, and Victoria Wood As Seen on TV. He portrayed Don Speekingleesh in The Queen of Spains Beard in the first series of The Black Adder in 1983 and he also played the role of Prince Albert in Blackadders Christmas Carol, first broadcast in 1988. He joined Rowan Atkinson in his Spider-Man spoof Spider-Plant Man, as a disgruntled Batman, Broadbent played the lead role of the TV film Wide-Eyed and Legless. Based on a story, the drama tells of Deric Longdens wife, Diana. It began as a type of flu but it grew progressively worse and she was subject to blackouts and became so debilitated that she could barely get out of her wheelchair. It led to years of pain and paralysis that ended in her death, Broadbent appeared as Inspector Frank Butterman in Hot Fuzz in 2007. He appeared in the radio production of The Hitchhikers Guide to the Galaxy. He was also a regular in Stephen Frys radio comedy show Saturday Night Fry, in 2008, he starred as pro-Newtonian physicist Sir Oliver Lodge in the fact-based single drama Einstein and Eddington for the BBC
35.
Anjelica Huston
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Anjelica Huston is an American actress, director and former fashion model. She also received Academy Award nominations for Enemies, a Love Story, Huston received British Academy Award nominations for her work in the Woody Allen films Crimes and Misdemeanors and Manhattan Murder Mystery. She has frequently collaborated with director Wes Anderson, including The Royal Tenenbaums, hustons paternal grandfather was Canadian-born actor Walter Huston. Huston has Scots-Irish, English and Welsh ancestry from her father and she spent much of her childhood in Ireland, particularly near Craughwell, County Galway, and attended school at Kylemore Abbey. Huston has a brother, Tony, a younger maternal half-sister named Allegra, whom she called Legs, a younger paternal half-brother, actor Danny Huston. She is the aunt of Boardwalk Empire actor Jack Huston and she later lived in England, where she attended Holland Park School. In the late 1960s, she began taking a few roles in her fathers movies. In the same year, her mother, who was 39 years old, died in a car accident, while she modeled, she worked with photographers such as Richard Avedon and Bob Richardson. Deciding to focus more on movies, in the early 1980s she studied acting and her first notable role was in Bob Rafelsons remake of The Postman Always Rings Twice. Later, her father cast her as Maerose, daughter of a Mafia don whose love is scorned by a hit man in the adaptation of Richard Condons Mafia-satire novel Prizzis Honor. Huston won the Best Supporting Actress Oscar for her performance, making her the first person in Academy Award history to win an Oscar when a parent and she also earned a Best Actress Oscar nomination for her portrayal of a con artist in Stephen Frears The Grifters. She also starred as the lead in her fathers final directorial film, The Dead and she was then cast as Morticia Addams, in the hugely successful 1991 movie adaptation of The Addams Family. In 1993, she reprised the role for the sequel Addams Family Values and she also starred in the 1998 Hollywood blockbuster, Ever After, A Cinderella Story alongside Drew Barrymore and Melanie Lynskey as the Baroness Rodmilla De Ghent. She starred in two Wes Anderson films, The Royal Tenenbaums and The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou, as well as appearing in a role in 2007s The Darjeeling Limited. She voiced the role of Queen Clarion in the Disney Fairies film series starring Tinker Bell, on January 22,2010, Huston was honored on the Hollywood Walk of Fame. In 2011, Huston was in the film Horrid Henry, The Movie, Huston later appeared on the NBC television series, Smash, portraying Broadway producer Eileen Rand. In 2015 and 2016 Huston appeared in the second and third seasons of the Amazon Video series Transparent, Huston has recently expanded her horizons, following in her fathers footsteps in the directors chair. Her first directorial credit was Bastard Out of Carolina, followed by Agnes Browne, for over 20 years, Huston has been developing a film project on Maud Gonne and William Butler Yeats
36.
Budding Prospects
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Budding Prospects is a 1984 novel by T. C. It details the misadventure of protagonist Felix Nasmyth, who plans to get rich by illegally growing marijuana, Felix Nasmyth, the first person narrator, is a young man who, as he tells readers right at the beginning of the book, has always been a quitter. Without any hopes for the future, he is persuaded by one of his few friends to take part in a summer camp—a secluded rural area in Mendocino County, California-and grow marijuana on a large scale. The illegal business venture seems doomed from the start, but for once Nasmyth decides to prove something to himself, in the end, after many misadventures, the venture is a failure. At the same time Nasmyth has made the acquaintance of a girl and has fallen in love with her. He ends his narrative on a note, returning to the girl with plans to plant a little seed. The series stars Will Sasso as Gesh, and is directed by Terry Zwigoff, the pilot became available for streaming on March 17,2017. Boyles official website Budding Prospects at the Internet Movie Database
37.
Amazon Video
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Amazon Video is an Internet video on demand service that is developed, owned and operated by Amazon. com. Like competitors, Amazon has pursued a number of exclusive content deals to differentiate its service, launched on 7 September 2006 as Amazon Unbox in the United States, the service grew with its expanding library, and added the Prime Video membership with the development of Prime. It was then renamed as Amazon Instant Video on Demand, in the UK, Germany and Austria, Prime Video has been available on a monthly subscription of £5.99 or €7.99 per month, continuing the plan of LoveFilm Instant. The service was available in Norway, Denmark and Sweden in 2012. In 18 April 2016, Amazon split Prime Video from Amazon Prime in the US for $8. 99/m The service also hosts Amazon Original content alongside titles on Video as well. On 14 December 2016, Amazon Video launched worldwide expanding its reach beyond US, UK, Germany, Austria and Japan.99 per month for the first six months, the service debuted on September 7,2006 as Amazon Unbox in the United States. On September 4,2008, the service was renamed Amazon Video on Demand, as of August 2014 the service is no longer available for downloading purchased instant videos. On February 22,2011, the service rebranded as Amazon Instant Video and added access to 5,000 movies and TV shows for Amazon Prime members. On September 4,2012, Amazon signed a deal with pay-TV channel Epix to feature movies on their streaming service, additionally, in November 2013, Amazon premiered the comedies Alpha House and Betas, which are original series available exclusively online via the Prime Instant Video service. Amazon offered the first three episodes of series at once for free, with each subsequent episode released weekly thereafter for Prime members. In February 2014, Amazon announced that the service of its UK subsidiary LoveFilm would be folded into the Instant Video service on 26 February 2014. Also in July, Amazon announced plans to expand the service into India, in September 2015 the word Instant was dropped from its title in the US, and it was renamed simply Amazon Video. In November 2016, the Wall Street Journal reported that Amazon was pursuing streaming rights to U. S. professional sports leagues to further differentiate the service, on December 14,2016, Amazon Video expanded into 200 additional countries. In January 2017, Amazon announced the first branded on-demand subscription service for Amazon Channels, the channel, Anime Strike, will feature more than 1,000 series episodes and movies for a $4.99 per month subscription fee. Depending on the device, Amazon supports up to 4K and High Dynamic Range streaming, uHD/HDR rolled out with its original content. Other titles support 1080p streaming with 5.1 Dolby Digital or Dolby Digital Plus audio, for titles available for purchase, the HD option is often offered at an additional price. Customers of Amazon Video can stream on the web using an HTML5 player, in Firefox and Safari, only Microsoft Silverlight is supported. Amazon video is available on Amazons Fire devices, smart phones, tablets, PCs, TVs supporting the service include LG, Panasonic, Samsung, and Sony
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