Tevaram
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The Tevaram, also spelled Thevaram, denotes the first seven volumes of the twelve-volume collection Tirumurai, a Shaiva narrative of epic and Puranic heroes, as well as a hagiographic account of early
A palm-leaf folio of Tevaram manuscript copied in a Tamil Shiva temple about 1700 CE. The manuscript, like many Hindu texts found in South India, starts with a contents list. The title of the hymns set is in its colophon. The ragam (scale) and talam (beat) are included on the manuscript leaves to guide the singers and musicians. The above set is one of 230 Tevaram folios currently preserved in the British Library.
A copper alloy statue depicting Sambandar, late 11th century
Appar depicted in bronze, 12th century
Sundarar
Sambandar
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Sambandar, also referred to as Tirujnana Sambandar or Gnana Sambanthar, was a Shaiva poet-saint of Tamil Nadu who lived sometime in the 7th century CE. According to the Tamil Shaiva tradition, he comp
Tevaram
…saints set in devotional poetry. The Tevaram volumes contain the works of the three most prominent Shaiva Tamil saints of the 7th and 8th centuries: Sambandar, Appar, and Sundarar. The three saints were not only involved in portraying their personal devotion to Shiva, but also engaged a community of believers…
A copper alloy sculpture of Sambandar with forefinger pointing slightly up (symbolically towards Parvati and Shiva)
Amirthakadaieeshwarar temple relief depicting Appar bearing Sambandar's palanquin
The Child Saint Sambandar, chola bronze, 12th century India, Freer Gallery of Art, Washington DC
Sambandar (Wooden Image), ASI Museum, Vellore