1.
Prince William, Duke of Cambridge
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Prince William, Duke of Cambridge, KG, KT, PC, ADC is the elder son of Charles, Prince of Wales, and Diana, Princess of Wales. He is second in line to succeed his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, William was educated at four schools in the United Kingdom and obtained a degree from the University of St Andrews. He spent parts of a gap year in Chile, Belize, in December 2006, he completed 44 weeks of training as an officer cadet and was commissioned in the Blues and Royals regiment. In April 2008, he qualified as a pilot by completing training at Royal Air Force College Cranwell. He then underwent helicopter flying training in order to become a pilot with the RAF Search. His service with the British Armed Forces ended in September 2013, William married Catherine Middleton, on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. Hours before the wedding, he was created Duke of Cambridge, Earl of Strathearn, the couples first child, Prince George, was born on 22 July 2013, and their second, Princess Charlotte, was born on 2 May 2015. William, the first child of the Prince and Princess of Wales, was born at St Marys Hospital and his names, William Arthur Philip Louis, were announced by Buckingham Palace a week later on 28 June. He was baptised in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 4 August by the Archbishop of Canterbury and he was the first child born to a Prince and Princess of Wales since Prince John in 1905. William was affectionately called Wombat by his parents or Wills, Williams first public appearance was on 1 March 1991, during an official visit of his parents to Cardiff, Wales. After arriving by aeroplane, William was taken to Llandaff Cathedral where he signed the visitors book, on 3 June 1991, William was admitted to Royal Berkshire Hospital after being accidentally hit on the side of the forehead by a fellow student wielding a golf club. He did not lose consciousness, but suffered a fracture of the skull and was operated on at Great Ormond Street Hospital. In a 2009 interview, he dubbed this scar a Harry Potter scar and he was reported to have said, I call it that because it glows sometimes and some people notice it—other times they dont notice it at all. His mother wanted him and his younger brother Harry to have wider experiences than are usual for royal children and she took them to Walt Disney World and McDonalds as well as AIDS clinics and shelters for the homeless. She bought them typical teenage items, such as video games, Diana, who was by then divorced from the Prince of Wales, died in a car accident in the early hours of 31 August 1997. William, then aged 15, along with his brother who was 12, the Prince of Wales waited until his sons woke the following morning to tell them about their mothers death. At his mothers funeral, William accompanied his father, brother, paternal grandfather, William began to accompany his parents on official visits at an early age. William was educated at independent schools, starting at Jane Mynors nursery school, following this, he attended Ludgrove School near Wokingham, Berkshire, and was privately tutored during summers by Rory Stewart
2.
Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge
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Catherine, Duchess of Cambridge is the wife of Prince William, Duke of Cambridge. Following his father Charles, Prince of Wales, William is second in line to succeed his grandmother, Queen Elizabeth II, the duchess grew up in Chapel Row, a village near Newbury, Berkshire, England. She studied art history in Scotland at the University of St Andrews and their engagement was announced on 16 November 2010 before they married on 29 April 2011 at Westminster Abbey. The duke and duchess have two children, Prince George and Princess Charlotte of Cambridge, who are third and fourth in line to the British throne. Catherine Elizabeth Middleton was born at Royal Berkshire Hospital in Reading on 9 January 1982 to an upper-middle-class family and she was christened at St Andrews Bradfield, Berkshire, on 20 June 1982. The family of her father Michael has ties to British aristocracy and her Middleton relatives were reported as having played host to British royalty as long ago as 1926. She has a sister, Philippa Pippa, and a younger brother. The family lived in Amman, Jordan, from May 1984 to September 1986, her father worked for British Airways, following her return to Berkshire in 1986, she was enrolled aged four at St Andrews School, a private school near the village of Pangbourne in Berkshire. She boarded part-weekly at St Andrews in her later years and she then studied briefly at Downe House. In November 2006, Middleton accepted a position as a buyer with the clothing chain Jigsaw. She also worked until January 2011 at Party Pieces, her role within the business included catalogue design and production, marketing. In 2001, Middleton met Prince William while they were students in residence at St Salvators Hall at the University of St Andrews. The couple began dating in 2003, although their relationship remained unconfirmed, on 17 October 2005, Middleton complained through her lawyer about harassment from the media, stating that she had done nothing significant to warrant publicity. Middleton attended Prince Williams Passing Out Parade at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst on 15 December 2006, on 17 May 2008, Middleton attended the wedding of Prince Williams cousin Peter Phillips to Autumn Kelly, which the prince did not attend. On 19 July 2008, she was a guest at the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor, Prince William was away on military operations in the Caribbean, serving aboard HMS Iron Duke. In 2010, Middleton pursued an invasion of privacy claim against two agencies and photographer Niraj Tanna, who took photographs of her over Christmas 2009 and she obtained a public apology, £5,000 in damages, and legal costs. In April 2007, Prince William and Middleton split up, the couple decided to break up during a holiday in the Swiss resort of Zermatt. Newspapers speculated about the reasons for the split, although these reports relied on anonymous sources, Middleton and her family attended the Concert for Diana at Wembley Stadium, where she and Prince William sat two rows apart
3.
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet. There is no standard size for this newspaper format, the term tabloid journalism refers to an emphasis on such topics as sensational crime stories, astrology, celebrity gossip and television, and is not a reference to newspapers printed in this format. Some small-format papers with a standard of journalism refer to themselves as compact newspapers. Larger newspapers, traditionally associated with higher-quality journalism, are called broadsheets, in common usage, tabloid and broadsheet are frequently more descriptive of a newspapers market position than physical format. The Berliner format used by many prominent European newspapers is sized between the tabloid and the broadsheet, in a newspaper context, the term Berliner is generally used only to describe size, not to refer to other qualities of the publication. The word tabloid comes from the name given by the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to the compressed tablets they marketed as Tabloid pills in the late 1880s, the connotation of tabloid was soon applied to other small compressed items. A1902 item in Londons Westminister Gazette noted, The proprietor intends to give in tabloid form all the news printed by other journals, thus tabloid journalism in 1901 originally meant a paper that condensed stories into a simplified, easily absorbed format. The term preceded the 1918 reference to smaller sheet newspapers that contained the condensed stories, a tabloid is defined as roughly 17 by 11 inches and commonly half the size of a broadsheet. Tabloid newspapers, especially in the United Kingdom, boast a very high degree of variation as far as target market, political alignment, editorial style, thus, various terms have been coined to describe the subtypes of this versatile paper format. There are, broadly, two types of tabloid newspaper, red top and compact. The distinction is largely of editorial style, both red top and compact tabloids span the width of the spectrum from socialism to capitalist conservatism. The red top tabloid is, for many, the example of the format. Red tops tend to be written with a simplistic, straightforward vocabulary and grammar, their layout, more often than not, in the extreme case, red top tabloids have been accused of lying or misrepresenting the truth to increase circulation. Poll results are often predicted by red top papers, examples of British red top newspapers include The Sun, the Daily Star, the Daily Mirror and the Daily Sport. In contrast to red top tabloids, compacts use a style more closely associated with broadsheet newspapers. In fact, most compact tabloids formerly used the paper size. The term compact was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail, one of the newspapers to make the change. The purpose behind this was to avoid the association of the word tabloid with the flamboyant, the early converts from broadsheet format made the change in the 1970s, two notable British papers that took this step at the time were the Daily Mail and the Daily Express
4.
News Corp Australia
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News Corp Australia is one of Australias largest media companies, employing more than 8,000 staff nationwide and approximately 3,000 journalists. News Corp Australia owns approximately 142 daily, Sunday, weekly, bi-weekly and tri-weekly newspapers, the company publishes a further thirty magazine titles across Australia. According to the Finkelstein Review of Media and Media Regulation, in 2011 News Corp Australia accounted for 23% of the titles in Australia. With interests in media, the companys sites include news. com. au, Business Spectator and Eureka Report, Kidspot. com. au, taste. com. au. It has 50% stakes in CareerOne. com. au and carsguide. com. au, the companys other Australian assets include all of Fox Sports Australia, 50% ownership of subscription television provider Foxtel and shares in the Brisbane Broncos NRL team. Until the formation of News Corporation in 1979, News Limited was the holding company for the business interests of Rupert Murdoch. Since then, News Limited had been owned by News Corporation. In 2004, News Corporation announced its intention to reincorporate to the United States, on 3 November News Corp Limited ceased trading on the Australian Stock Exchange, and on 8 November, News Corporation began trading on the New York Stock Exchange. On 28 June 2013, News Corporation was split into two separate companies, Murdochs newspaper interests became News Corp, which was the new parent company of News Limited. News Limited was renamed News Corp Australia following the listing of the new News Corp on 1 July 2013, News Limited was established in 1923 by James Edward Davidson, when he purchased the Broken Hill Barrier Miner and the Port Pirie Recorder. He went on to purchase Adelaides weekly Mail and to found The News, Sir Keith Murdoch acquired a minority interest in the company in 1949. Following the death of his father, Sir Keith, in 1952, Rupert Murdoch inherited The News, in 1964, News Limited made its next important advance when it established The Australian, Australias first national daily newspaper, based initially in Canberra and later in Sydney. The News Limited holding in INL fluctuated over the years and was just over 49 percent in 1997, the INL business was bought by News Limiteds main rival in 2003 – Fairfax Media. Over the next ten years, as his press empire grew, Murdoch established a lucrative financial base. In his early years of newspaper ownership Murdoch was an aggressive, by the 1970s, this power base was so strong that Murdoch was able to acquire leading newspapers and magazines in both London and New York, as well as many other media holdings. Chairman and chief executive of News Limited, John Hartigan, announced the appointment of Richard Freudenstein as chief executive of the division, some of the victims of the alleged hacking, such as Austar were later taken over by News Corp and others such as Ondigital later went bust. The emails were from the drive of NDS European chief. It was also revealed that Australian Federal police were working with UK police to investigate hacking by News Corp, on 28 June 2013, News Corporation split into two publicly traded companies focused on publishing, and broadcasting/media respectively
5.
Adelaide
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Adelaide is the capital city of the state of South Australia, and the fifth-most populous city of Australia. In June 2016, Adelaide had a resident population of 1,326,354 million. South Australia, with a total of 1, the demonym Adelaidean is used in reference to the city and its residents. Adelaide is north of the Fleurieu Peninsula, on the Adelaide Plains between the Gulf St Vincent and the low-lying Mount Lofty Ranges which surround the city. Adelaide stretches 20 km from the coast to the foothills, and 94 to 104 km from Gawler at its northern extent to Sellicks Beach in the south. Named in honour of Adelaide of Saxe-Meiningen, queen consort to King William IV, Colonel William Light, one of Adelaides founding fathers, designed the city and chose its location close to the River Torrens, in the area originally inhabited by the Kaurna people. Lights design set out Adelaide in a layout, interspaced by wide boulevards and large public squares. Early Adelaide was shaped by prosperity and wealth—until the Second World War, it was Australias third-largest city and it has been noted for early examples of religious freedom, a commitment to political progressivism and civil liberties. It has been known as the City of Churches since the mid-19th century, as South Australias seat of government and commercial centre, Adelaide is the site of many governmental and financial institutions. Most of these are concentrated in the city centre along the boulevard of North Terrace, King William Street. Today, Adelaide is noted for its festivals and sporting events, its food and wine, its long beachfronts. It ranks highly in terms of liveability, being listed in the Top 10 of The Economist Intelligence Units Worlds Most Liveable Cities index in 2010,2011,2012 and 2015. It was also ranked the most liveable city in Australia by the Property Council of Australia in 2011,2012 and 2013, prior to its proclamation as a British settlement in 1836, the area around Adelaide was inhabited by the indigenous Kaurna Aboriginal nation. Kaurna culture and language was almost completely destroyed within a few decades of the European settlement of South Australia in 1836, however, extensive documentation by early missionaries and other researchers has enabled a modern revival of both language and culture. South Australia was officially proclaimed as a new British colony on 28 December 1836, the event is commemorated in South Australia as Proclamation Day. The site of the capital was surveyed and laid out by Colonel William Light. Adelaide was established as a colony of free immigrants, promising civil liberties and freedom from religious persecution. Wakefields idea was for the Government to survey and sell the land at a rate that would maintain land values high enough to be unaffordable for labourers and journeymen
6.
South Australia
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South Australia is a state in the southern central part of Australia. It covers some of the most arid parts of the country, with a total land area of 983,482 square kilometres, it is the fourth-largest of Australias states and territories. Other population centres in the state are relatively small, the state comprises less than 8 percent of the Australian population and ranks fifth in population among the six states and two territories. The majority of its people reside in Adelaide, most of the remainder are settled in fertile areas along the south-eastern coast and River Murray. The states colonial origins are unique in Australia as a settled, planned British province. Official settlement began on 28 December 1836, when the colony was proclaimed at the Old Gum Tree by Governor John Hindmarsh, as with the rest of the continent, the region had been long occupied by Aboriginal peoples, who were organised into numerous tribes and languages. The first British settlement to be established was Kingscote, Kangaroo Island, on 26 July 1836, the guiding principle behind settlement was that of systematic colonisation, a theory espoused by Edward Gibbon Wakefield that was later employed by the New Zealand Company. The goal was to establish the province as a centre of civilisation for free immigrants, promising civil liberties, although its history is marked by economic hardship, South Australia has remained politically innovative and culturally vibrant. Today, it is known for its wine and numerous cultural festivals. The states economy is dominated by the agricultural, manufacturing and mining industries, the state has an increasingly significant finance sector as well. Evidence of human activity in South Australia dates back as far as 20,000 years, with flint mining activity, in addition wooden spears and tools were made in an area now covered in peat bog in the South East. Kangaroo Island was inhabited long before the island was cut off by rising sea levels, thijssen named his discovery Pieter Nuyts Land, after the highest ranking individual on board. The complete coastline of South Australia was first mapped by Matthew Flinders, the land which now forms the state of South Australia was claimed for Britain in 1788 as part of the colony of New South Wales. Although the new colony included almost two-thirds of the continent, early settlements were all on the eastern coast and it took more than forty years before any serious proposal to establish settlements in the south-western portion of New South Wales were put forward. In 1834, the British Parliament passed the South Australia Act 1834, the act stated that 802,511 square kilometres would be allotted to the colony and it would be convict-free. In contrast to the rest of Australia, terra nullius did not apply to the new province, although the patent guaranteed land rights under force of law for the indigenous inhabitants it was ignored by the South Australian Company authorities and squatters. Settlement of seven vessels and 636 people was made at Kingscote on Kangaroo Island. The first immigrants arrived at Holdfast Bay in November 1836, the Colonisation Commissioners intended to establish a police service as soon as misconduct within the increasing population warranted it
7.
The News (Adelaide)
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The News was an afternoon daily tabloid newspaper in the city of Adelaide, South Australia. The newspaper was established in 1869 as The Evening Journal, in 1933, a controlling stake was taken by The Advertiser, controlled by the Herald and Weekly Times. HWT sold off The News in 1949, and Sir Keith Murdoch took control of the two years later. It was the main asset passed to his son Rupert upon his death and it was the latters first media interest and commenced the foundation of what was to become News Limited and subsequently the international media conglomerate, News Corporation. Later Murdoch acquired the other local newspaper, the morning daily broadsheet. Rupert Murdoch sold The News that year and many of its journalists moved to The Advertiser, in the face of continuing losses brought about by the competition of television and the decline of use of public transport, The News closed in 1992. List of newspapers in Australia History of The News newspaper from State Library of South Australia
8.
Messenger Newspapers
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Messenger Newspapers is the publisher of 11 free suburban weekly newspapers together covering the Adelaide metropolitan area. Established by Roger Baynes in Port Adelaide in 1951, Messenger has since acquired other independent suburban titles to become Adelaides only suburban newspaper group, the paper is a subsidiary of News Limited. The Messenger is delivered weekly to 11 different suburban areas, each paper targeting content to its area with some shared content. The Messenger group also publishes one monthly lifestyle magazine, Adelaide Matters, more than 710,000 people read the Messenger every week. There is also a significant classifieds and real estate sections, all Messenger titles feature regular sections such as Vibe, Sport, and Your Garden. In mid-2009, Messenger Newspapers moved from its headquarters at 1 Baynes Place, Port Adelaide to new offices at Sir Keith Murdoch House,31 Waymouth St, the Adelaide Advertiser, Sunday Mail and various other News Ltd publications are also based in Sir Keith Murdoch House. In 1951, Port Adelaide courier Roger Baynes, in partnership with Len Croker, in March 1951, the Progressive Times was relaunched as the Messenger. The Messenger originally operated out of a room above a Port Adelaide bicycle shop. The business later moved to an old shop on Commercial Road. In 1954, Croker left the Messenger to run the Woodville Times, in 1959, Baynes fellow courier, Ron Mitchell, joined Messenger to run its newest acquisition, the Standard. Messenger Press continued to acquire suburban newspapers across Adelaide and turned them into Messenger titles, Messenger Press acquired John Carrolls four News Review titles, the Edwardstown District Community Centre Newspaper and the Glenelg Guardian, previously run by the Smedley brothers at Glenelg. By 1962, Messenger Newspapers were being delivered to 250,000 homes across Adelaide, two years later, Baynes sold nearly half of the companys shares to The Advertiser. In 1983, shortly before his death, Baynes sold his shares to The Advertiser. In the 1970s and 1980s newspapers in the Adelaide Hills, south coast, in 1988 the City Messenger was established to cover the Adelaide CBD. However, from 1988 production moved to The Advertiser, from 1991 all Messenger newspapers were printed by News Limited. In 2007, Messenger Newspapers began publishing online and uploaded web videos for the first time. Also in October, Messenger relaunched a new look Standard Messenger under the new name City North Messenger, the newly launched publication now takes in North Adelaide, which was previously covered by The City Messenger. The City North was launched with a new emphasis on increased coverage of news, sport, the Standard Messenger website was rebadged www. citynorthmessenger. com. au to reflect the changes
9.
Keith Murdoch
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His paternal grandfather was a minister with the Free Church of Scotland, and his maternal grandfather was a Presbyterian minister. The family moved from West Melbourne to the affluent suburb of Camberwell in 1887, Keith was educated at his uncle Walters short-lived school, then at Camberwell Grammar School, where he became dux in 1903, despite extreme shyness and stammering. He decided not to go straight to university but to try a career in journalism, in 1912, he became Melbourne political correspondent for the Sydney Sun. They travelled from Wellington aboard the Ulimaroa, arriving in Sydney on 2 February 1915, unless first submitted to the Chief Field Censor. Murdoch visited Anzac Cove at the beginning of September, then moved to the headquarters on the island of Imbros. Murdoch agreed to carry a letter from Ashmead-Bartlett to the British Prime Minister H. H. Asquith in London, written on 8 September, hamilton quickly learned about the existence of this letter. Reaching France on his route to London, Murdoch was arrested by Military Police in Marseille, after sending the letter to Australia, he supplied two copies to the British Munitions Minister David Lloyd George, with his letter of introduction from Andrew Fisher. Very quickly, Murdochs letter reached Asquith and was circulated to senior ministers of the British government. Murdoch, initially alarmed that Northcliffes staff had obtained a copy of his private letter, arranging for the papers general manager to be demoted, he began applying Lord Northcliffes principles, with frequent advice from Northcliffe himself. As he had in London, he focused on political controversy, but he made the Herald influential in other ways, through such devices as improved arts coverage. He acquired the nickname Lord Southcliffe and in 1928 became managing director of the company, in 1927 he saw a photograph of an attractive 18-year-old débutante, Elisabeth Joy Greene, in Table Talk magazine, and arranged for a friend to introduce him. She became Mrs Elisabeth Murdoch in June 1928, honeymooning on his Cruden Farm estate at Langwarrin and they had children Helen, Rupert Murdoch, Anne and Janet. From 1926 onward, he had led a campaign to take over newspapers elsewhere in Australia, in Adelaide, for example, the Herald publisher took over the feeble Adelaide Register in 1928, and turned it into a Sun-style picture tabloid. Murdoch had also been investing in newspapers on his own account, notably in Brisbane and he kept pace with new technology, and by 1935 the Herald was involved with eleven radio stations. He received a knighthood in July 1933, and being an art connoisseur with an appreciation of modern work, became a trustee of Victorias museums and galleries. He later had some regrets about his support for the strong-willed Lyons, stating in 1936, I put him there, meanwhile, others were expressing deep concern about the dangers of concentrating so much press power in the hands of one person. This came to a head after Australia became involved in the Second World War, comparisons were made with Goebbels, press co-operation was swiftly withdrawn, politicians protested, and despite agreements to modify the regulation, in November he was obliged to resign the post. Returning to the newspapers he spent the rest of the war encouraging a patriotic spirit, sir Keith Murdoch died at Cruden Farm in the night of 4–5 October 1952 and the funeral service was held at Toorak Presbyterian Church
10.
King William Street, Adelaide
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King William Street is the part of a major arterial road that traverses the CBD and centre of Adelaide. It was named by the Street Naming Committee on 23 May 1837 after King William IV, the reigning monarch. King William Street is 132 feet wide, and is the widest main street of all the Australian State capital cities and it is historically considered one of Adelaides high streets, for its focal point of businesses, shops and other prominent establishments. Tram travel north of South Terrace is free, the name King William is applied several times to the continuous stretch of road that begins in the inner southern suburbs and terminates in North Adelaide. Where it runs through the Adelaide city centre, it is named King William Street and it starts in the south as King William Road, at the north edge of Heywood Park in Unley Park, and runs through Hyde Park and Unley to Greenhill Road. It runs through the parklands, the Adelaide city centre and continues north from North Terrace as King William Road to Brougham Place. The road continues north to National Highway 1 as OConnell Street, the northern section called King William Road passes several of Adelaides landmarks, including Government House, Elder Park, the Adelaide Festival Centre, Adelaide Oval and St Peters Cathedral. The section from North Terrace over the Adelaide Bridge to Pennington Terrace was named King William Road at the opening of the bridge in 1877, between North Terrace and South Terrace, all east-west roads change their names as they cross King William Street. It is said this is no one is allowed to cross the path of a monarch. Also, travelling north-south, the cross-streets alternate between being wide and narrow, with the exception that Grote and Wakefield Streets are up to 6-lanes wide. Travelling south from North Terrace, the pairs are, King William Road was referenced in the John Schumann song Hyde Park Calling on the 1993 album True Believers
11.
John Henry Barrow
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John Henry Barrow was a Congregational minister, journalist and South Australian politician. Barrow was born in England, son of John Barrow, after he studied for the Congregational ministry at Hackney College, he took charge of the Congregational Church at Market Drayton in Shropshire, where he also ran a school. He was then transferred to Bradford, Yorkshire where he began writing for the Bradford Observer and he also did work on the literary side and, when Andrew Garran went to Sydney, succeeded him as principal leader writer. He began preaching to an Independent congregation which met at Maesbury House, also in 1858 Barrow left the Register to become editor, manager and co-founder of The South Australian Advertiser, whose first issue appeared on 12 July 1858. The first number of the Weekly Chronicle came out five days later, though these papers were conducted with ability, the controlling company did not prosper, and it was wound up in 1864. The papers passed into the hands of a proprietary of eight persons of whom Barrow was one, Barrow was editor of the Advertiser until his final illness and death a few months later. He did not seek re-election for the assembly in 1860 but in 1861 became a member of the South Australian Legislative Council, in 1870 he was one of the South Australian delegates to the intercolonial conference held at Melbourne. In 1871 he resigned from the council, and the year was returned to the South Australian House of Assembly for Sturt. He joined the seventh Henry Ayers ministry as Treasurer of South Australia in March 1872, John Barrow was also the first Mayor of the newly created municipality of the Town of Unley. He was married twice and left a widow, three sons and three daughters, Barrow left behind him a reputation in his own time as a speaker and journalist. Barrow was married to Sarah Barrow née Liversedge, Annie was a daughter of Capt. T. P. Jones John Henry Barrow married Ethel May Farmer on 30 December 1905. T. G. A. Barrow killed in France during WWI, mary Eleanore Barrow married Abraham Walter Bishop on 6 October 1872, lived in Nausori, Fiji, died in New Zealand. George L. Barrow, a journalist who was jailed for libel, then lived in Victoria, then Western Australia and Fiji, margaretta Anna Barrow married Henry Lancaster Beddome on 17 February 1881. The two sisters died in the same week and she was a daughter of Thomas English. Frederic Britten Burden married Ada Hallett on 20 May 1879 and he was a businessman and newspaper editor in South Australia Annie Burden Florence Burden married Dr. William Thornborough Hayward on 26 June 1879. Florence, also writing as Firenze, was a published author, mary married again, to Benjamin Cowderoy on 25 November 1878
12.
South Australian Register
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The Register, originally the South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register, was the first South Australian newspaper. It was first published in London in June 1836 and folded almost a century later in February 1931, the newspaper is the sole primary source for almost all information about the settlement and early history of South Australia. It documented shipping schedules, legal history and court records at a time when official records were not kept, the first issue, appeared in London on 18 June 1836 with his friend and partner, George Stevenson, as editor. Thomas embarked for South Australia aboard the Africaine later that year, arriving on 10 November 1836 with his family and equipment to set up a printing plant. It was six months before the first colonial edition of The Register was printed on 3 June 1837 in a mud hut on an acre in Hindley Street. From the start, the paper asserted a strongly independent stance, stevensons style was vigorous and provocative, making himself and The Register several enemies. The papers antagonism of Governor Gawler led to The Register losing government business notably the South Australian Government Gazette, the printers Thomas & Co. had disengaged themselves from editorial content in June 1839 in a vain attempt to protect their monopoly and lost about £1,650 a year. His protest that he was authorised by the British Government to do its printing failed and, insolvent, he sold the paper for £600 to James Allen in 1842, John Stephens, who had in 1843 founded The Adelaide Observer, in 1845 purchased The Register. Anthony Forster became part owner in 1848, With the death of Stephens in 1850, forsters share was taken over by Joseph Fisher in 1853, then sold to John Howard Clark in 1865. The paper, having been printed sporadically previously, became weekly in June 1838, by 1840, The Register employed a staff of 21 and had reached a circulation of 900. They also purchased its weekly publication, The Adelaide Observer, and established the Evening Journal which morphed into The Journal. The Register outlasted many competitors throughout its history, holding a monopoly on the market at various stages. The Advertiser, founded in 1858, first emerged as a challenger to the paper in the 1870s. The Register was slow to respond, the Advertiser started putting its circulation figures on the masthead, by the time the Register cut its price the die was cast. The Advertiser bought out The Register and closed it down in February 1931 after the Great Depression had severely reduced its fortunes, forcing it to become largely pictorial. Details are from an article marking the 50th anniversary of its first publication in South Australia,1836 Vol.1 No.1837 The press was moved to Acre 46,37 Hindley Street just west of Morphett Street on 1 June. The South Australian Gazette and Colonial Register Vol 1, issue 2 appears, although subscribers were promised weekly publication, subsequent issues were published on 8 July,29 July,12 August,16 September,4 October,19 October,11 November. Price at this time was 6d. per issue, roberts son William Kyffin Thomas, aged 16, began work for the paper
13.
Charles Henry Goode
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He founded Goode, Durrant and Company in 1882. and was one of the first members of Sir George Williams Young Mens Christian Association. In 1848 he left England for South Australia in the John Mitchell with Thomas Good of Birmingham, together they travelled the State by horse and cart hawking softgoods, and were successful enough to start a small softgoods business in Kermode Street, North Adelaide. In September 1850 his parents and brothers Samuel and Matthew arrived in Adelaide on the Princess Helena, Charles was back in Adelaide from 1863 to 1867. Charles sat on several Royal Commissions, notably the Destitute Act Commission and he was a leading member of a committee appointed to secure religious equality in celebration of marriages as embodied in the Marriage Bill. He was at that time described by the Rev. James Maughan as a well known not only as an earnest advocate. In 1866 Goode resigned his seat in the Assembly due to demands of his business, there was a worldwide recession and Charles was doing everything he could to keep the firm solvent. The following year Goode again returned to England, and remained for 12 months, among his pupils was Jacob Gould Schurman, who became President of Cornell University. William Henry Tite, who had associated with Goode Brothers for 20 years, joined the partnership later that year. The company again becoming Goode, Durrant and Co, Durrant died in 1910 without ever visiting Australia. His association with Goode and George Wills, another prominent Adelaide draper, dates back to their days as employees of Goode, Gainsborough, the firm took much of the newly built Y. M. C. A. Building, and in 1905 their own building in Grenfell Street, on Tites retirement the firm became Goode, Durrant & Co. D & W. Murrays building on Gawler Place was left vacant, Charles Henry Goode was, with J. H. Barrow, previously editor of the Register, a founder of the Adelaide Advertiser in 1858. The company was re-formed in 1864, with additional shareholders P. H. Burden, John Baker, Captain Scott, James Counsell, Thomas Graves and his brother Matthew sold his share in 1871 on his behalf when the partnership was dissolved. By this time the shareholders were John Henry Barrow, Charles Henry Goode, Robert Stuckey, Thomas Graves, William Parkin, Thomas King, James Counsell, and George Williams Chinner. He was chairman of the Adelaide Hat Factory, Ltd. a director of the AMP Society, for a time he and his partners dabbled in sheep farming, but lost on the venture. Goode was a supporter of the Industrial School for the Blind, the Adelaide Young Mens Christian Association, the James Brown Memorial Trust. An extension of Kalyra was named the Goode Wing in his honour, for many years he ran the Flinders Street Baptist Young Mens Bible Class. His portrait was presented by the people of Adelaide to the Art Gallery of South Australia He was knighted in 1912, Sir Charles had three brothers in South Australia, Thomas Goode of Goolwa, Matthew Goode of Matthew Goode and Co. and Samuel Goode jun
14.
John Baker (Australian politician)
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John Baker was an early South Australian pastoralist and politician. John Baker was born at Ilminster in Somerset, England, on 28 December 1813 to Richard Chaffey Baker and his wife Mary and he emigrated to Van Diemens Land in 1838, and married Isabella Allan on 7 June 1838. In 1838 Baker visited the new settlement at Adelaide and in the year returned. In partnership with the South Australian Company he imported large numbers of sheep from Tasmania, by late 1840 he owned horses, cattle and four thousand sheep, and was a director of the Adelaide Auction Co. associated with Jacob Hagen in that and other business ventures. In 1850 he became a justice of the peace, a magistrate and a director of the Savings Bank. Over the next decade he developed his pastoral interests. In 1863 he bought Terlinga, having sold many of his leases. The severe drought of 1864-65 drastically reduced his stock, but a revaluation of his runs resulted in lower rents, Baker was a member of the South Australian Legislative Council from 1851 to 1856, the first to be part elective, representing Mount Barker. When responsible government was established in 1857 he became a member of the new Legislative Council and he served in the Council until 1861, and from 1863 until his death in 1872. He was Premier and chief secretary in the second South Australian ministry, while this lasted only 12 days, from 21 August to 1 September 1857, it ushered in an important agreement between the Council and the House of Assembly on the amendment of money bills. Baker took part in the selection of the site of the Adelaide Botanic Gardens and was later a trustee and he was three times president of the Agricultural and Horticultural Society and a fellow of the Royal Geographical Society of London. In 1854 he helped form a company of mounted rifles, later becoming a lieutenant-colonel in the force. He also ran a racing stud, john Baker married Isabella Allan on 7 June 1838 in Allanvale, Tasmania. She was a daughter of Isabella Allan and George Allan of Allan Vale, Tasmania, later Allan Vale, near Geelong and their family included, Richard Chaffey Baker married Katherine Edith Colley in 1865, a double wedding. John Baker died at Morialta, Isabella died in London, Mary Baker, who married Jacob Hagen, was a sister. His brother James Baker and brother-in-law Aeneas Allan were managers of several of their pastoral properties
15.
John Langdon Bonython
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Bonython was born in London in 1848, the second son of George Langdon Bonython, a carpenter and builder, and Annie MacBain. His siblings were George Langdon Bonython and Alfred MacBain Bonython, the family migrated to South Australia in July 1854 where Bonython was educated at the Brougham School in North Adelaide. In 1870 he married Mary Louisa Fredericka Balthasar, they had eight children of three daughters and three sons survived infancy. When he was sixteen, Bonython took a job at The Advertiser, in 1879, he became a part proprietor of The Advertiser. In 1894, Bonython became the proprietor and editor of The Advertiser. During this time, the weekly Chronicle and the evening Express newspapers were added to The Advertiser and he retired from his newspapers in 1929, after 65 years service. On 12 January 1929, Adelaide paper The Mail announced that Langdon Bonython had sold The Advertiser for £1,250,000 to a group of Melbourne financiers and he ultimately finished second in the poll and was one of seven members elected. At that time, South Australia was an electorate with multiple members. At the 1903 election, Bonython was elected unopposed for the newly created Division of Barker, in 1904, he was a member of the Select Committee on old-age pensions, as well as the Royal Commission on the same subject in 1905-1906. Bonython did not stand for reelection at the 1906 election, in 1908 he was appointed a Companion of the Order of St Michael and St George In recognition of service to the Commonwealth of Australia. In 1883, Bonython was elected chairman of the Adelaide School Advisory Board, in 1889 he became the president of the council for the South Australian School of Mines and Industries, a position he held until his death. He often assisted the school with his own money, and provided the funds for the chemical and metallurgical laboratories there, Bonython became chairman of the council of the agricultural college at Roseworthy in 1895, and he held this position until 1902. He was appointed one of fourteen trustees under the repatriation programme of 1916. Bonython joined the council of the University of Adelaide in 1916, and donated over £50,000 for the construction of a hall, from 1916 to 1926, Bonython was also the deputy chairman of the South Australian advisory council of education. He donated £100,000 towards the construction of Parliament House in Adelaide, in 1919 he was appointed Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George In recognition of service to the Commonwealth. Bonython was vice-president of the Royal Institution of Cornwall from 1900 until becoming president from 1932–33, despite living in Australia, and being unable to visit Cornwall during his presidency, he became one of the most active and hard working presidents that the institution had had. In 1931 he gave £2,000 to the Royal Cornwall Museum building fund and his wife, Lady Bonython, was also active in altruistic causes, notably the Kindergarten Union and State Childrens Council, in association with Catherine Helen Spence and C. Bonython Hall Bonython died in 1939, leaving an estate of over £4,000,000, on 24 December 1870 Bonython married Mary Louisa Fredericka Balthasar in Adelaide
16.
Federation of Australia
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Fiji and New Zealand were originally part of this process, but they decided not to join the federation. When the Constitution of Australia came into force, on 1 January 1901, the efforts to bring about federation in the mid-19th century were dogged by the lack of popular support for the movement. A number of conventions were held during the 1890s to develop a constitution for the Commonwealth, Sir Henry Parkes, Premier of New South Wales, was instrumental in this process. The election returned Barton as prime minister, though without a majority and this period has lent its name to an architectural style prevalent in Australia at that time, known as Federation architecture, or Federation style. A serious movement for Federation of the colonies arose in the late 1880s, a time there was increasing nationalism amongst Australians. The idea of being Australian began to be celebrated in songs and this was fostered by improvements in transport and communications, such as the establishment of a telegraph system between the colonies in 1872. The Australian colonies were influenced by other federations which had emerged around the world, notably in Argentina, Canada, Switzerland. Sir Henry Parkes, then Colonial Secretary of New South Wales, the Federation had the potential to ensure that throughout the continent, trade, and interstate commerce would be unaffected by protectionism and measurement and transport would be standardised. The final push for the Federal Council came at a conference in 1883, called to debate the strategies needed to counter the activities of the German and French in New Guinea, Sir Samuel Griffith, the Premier of Queensland, drafted a bill to constitute the Federal Council. The conference successfully petitioned the Imperial Parliament to enact the bill as the Federal Council of Australasia Act 1885, as a result, a Federal Council of Australasia was formed, to represent the affairs of the colonies in their relations with the South Pacific islands. New South Wales and New Zealand did not join, the self-governing colonies of Queensland, Tasmania and Victoria, as well as the Crown Colonies of Western Australia and Fiji, became involved. South Australia was briefly a member between 1888 and 1890, furthermore, the absence of the powerful colony of New South Wales weakened its representative value. Nevertheless, it was the first major form of inter-colonial co-operation and it provided an opportunity for Federalists from around the country to meet and exchange ideas. The means by which the Council was established endorsed the continuing role that the Imperial Parliament would have in the development of Australias constitutional structure, the individual colonies, Victoria excepted, were somewhat wary of Federation. Queensland, for its part, worried that the advent of national legislation would restrict the importing of kanaka labourers and these were not the only concerns of those resistant to federation. Smaller colonies also worried about the abolition of tariffs, which would deprive them of a proportion of their revenue. New South Wales, traditionally free-trade in its outlook, wanted to be satisfied that the federations tariff policy would not be protectionist, Victorian Premier James Service described fiscal union as the lion in the way of federation. A further fundamental issue was how to distribute the excess customs duties from the government to the states
17.
John Lavington Bonython
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In association with his father, he became involved in the management of newspapers including The Advertiser, he also served as editor of The Saturday Express and as a journalist. After The Advertiser was sold in 1929 and converted to a company, he became a director, and for a time vice-chairman. In 1901 he began an association with the Adelaide City Council, serving as Mayor of Adelaide. Born in Adelaide on 10 September 1875, John Lavington Bonython was the eldest son of Sir John Langdon Bonython and his wife Mary Louise Fredericka and he attended Prince Alfred College in Adelaide, and joined The Advertiser in 1896. During his time with newspapers, he worked on The Advertiser, Chronicle, Lavington Bonython became directly involved with the Adelaide City Council when he was elected as a councillor in 1901. He became an alderman in 1907, served as Mayor, and his appointment in 1912 made Bonython the youngest person to serve as Adelaides Mayor, and during his time with the council he was noted for his focus on Adelaides heritage. In particular, Lavington Bonython was a member of the board for Minda Inc. Lavington Bonython died on 6 November 1960, John Lavington Bonython married twice, in total producing six children. On 16 April 1904 he married Blanche Ada Bray, born on 10 November 1881 in Adelaide, only daughter of Sir John Cox Bray and Alice Maude Hornabrook, by whom he had a son and she died in childbirth on 5 November 1908, aged 26. John Langdon Bonython AO was born on 13 January 1905 in Adelaide and he studied at the University of Adelaide, and became a solicitor in 1930. On 18 March 1954, he became the founding Chairman of the first board of directors of Santos, port Bonython was named in his honour. John Langdon Bonython married Minnie Hope Rutherford in 1926 and had three children, elizabeth Hornabrook Bonython CBE, later Lady Wilson, was born 25 January 1907 in Adelaide. In 1930 she married lawyer Keith Wilson, who became a prominent South Australian politician and their son Ian followed in his fathers footsteps, becoming a lawyer, and then member for Sturt for 20 years. Betty was very active in community affairs, and served on the boards of a number of organisations, in recognition of her activities she was appointed a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1946, and a Commander of the Order in 1959. She turned 100 years old on 25 January 2007, and died on 25 September 2008, Ada Bray Bonython married Denis Heath in 1930 and the couple moved to England. Ada briefly visited Adelaide in 1951, bringing Jannette, then aged 17 and she had two younger children, a boy and a girl. Four years later, on 11 December 1912, Lavington Bonython married 21-year-old Constance Jean Warren, Lavington was Mayor of Adelaide at the time, and Jean was widely referred to as the Baby Mayoress. She was amazingly active and on dozens of committees too numerous to mention here
18.
The Herald and Weekly Times
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The Herald and Weekly Times Limited is a newspaper publishing company based in Melbourne, Australia. It is owned and operated by Rupert Murdochs News Corp Australia, the HWTs newspaper interests date back to 1840 and the launch of the Port Phillip Herald. The Herald had a 150-year history and The Sun News-Pictorial a 68-year history in Melbourne, HWT had bought The Sun News-Pictorial in 1925. The HWT also publishes The Weekly Times, aimed at farmers, the HWT bought a controlling stake in The Advertiser of Adelaide in 1929. From 1929 until 1987, HWT owned and operated Melbourne radio station 3DB, in 1929, 3DB along with 3UZ participated in experimental television broadcasts using the Radiovision system. The Advertiser took a stake in The News two years later, the News was sold in 1949. The HWT bought The West Australian in 1969, but sold it to Robert Holmes à Court in 1987 as part of the News Limited takeover
19.
Great Depression
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The Great Depression was a severe worldwide economic depression that took place during the 1930s. The timing of the Great Depression varied across nations, in most countries it started in 1929 and it was the longest, deepest, and most widespread depression of the 20th century. In the 21st century, the Great Depression is commonly used as an example of how far the economy can decline. The depression originated in the United States, after a fall in stock prices that began around September 4,1929. Between 1929 and 1932, worldwide GDP fell by an estimated 15%, by comparison, worldwide GDP fell by less than 1% from 2008 to 2009 during the Great Recession. Some economies started to recover by the mid-1930s, however, in many countries, the negative effects of the Great Depression lasted until the beginning of World War II. The Great Depression had devastating effects in both rich and poor. Personal income, tax revenue, profits and prices dropped, while international trade plunged by more than 50%, unemployment in the U. S. rose to 25% and in some countries rose as high as 33%. Cities all around the world were hit hard, especially dependent on heavy industry. Construction was virtually halted in many countries, farming communities and rural areas suffered as crop prices fell by about 60%. Facing plummeting demand with few sources of jobs, areas dependent on primary sector industries such as mining and logging suffered the most. Even after the Wall Street Crash of 1929 optimism persisted for some time, john D. Rockefeller said These are days when many are discouraged. In the 93 years of my life, depressions have come, prosperity has always returned and will again. The stock market turned upward in early 1930, returning to early 1929 levels by April and this was still almost 30% below the peak of September 1929. Together, government and business spent more in the first half of 1930 than in the period of the previous year. On the other hand, consumers, many of whom had suffered losses in the stock market the previous year. In addition, beginning in the mid-1930s, a severe drought ravaged the agricultural heartland of the U. S, by mid-1930, interest rates had dropped to low levels, but expected deflation and the continuing reluctance of people to borrow meant that consumer spending and investment were depressed. By May 1930, automobile sales had declined to below the levels of 1928, prices in general began to decline, although wages held steady in 1930
20.
Rupert Murdoch
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Keith Rupert Murdoch /ˈmɜːrdɒk/, AC, KCSG is an Australian-born American media mogul. His father, Keith Murdoch, had been a reporter, editor, after his fathers death in 1952, Murdoch declined to join his late fathers registered public company and created his own private company, News Limited. Murdoch moved to New York City in 1974, to expand into the U. S. market, however, he retained interests in Australia and Britain. In 1981, Murdoch bought The Times, his first British broadsheet, in 1986, keen to adopt newer electronic publishing technologies, Murdoch consolidated his UK printing operations in Wapping, causing bitter industrial disputes. Murdochs News Corporation acquired Twentieth Century Fox, HarperCollins, and The Wall Street Journal, Murdoch formed the British broadcaster BSkyB in 1990, and during the 1990s expanded into Asian networks and South American television. By 2000, Murdochs News Corporation owned over 800 companies in more than 50 countries, Murdoch faces police and government investigations into bribery and corruption by the British government and FBI investigations in the U. S. On 21 July 2012, Murdoch resigned as a director of News International, on 1 July 2015, Murdoch left his post as CEO of 21st Century Fox. Murdoch and his own both 21st Century Fox and News Corp through the Murdoch Family Trust. In July 2016, after the resignation of Roger Ailes due to accusations of sexual harassment, Keith Rupert Murdoch was born on 11 March 1931 in Melbourne to Sir Keith Murdoch and Dame Elisabeth Murdoch. He is of English, Irish, and Scottish ancestry, Murdochs parents were also born in Melbourne. Keith Murdoch was a war correspondent and later a newspaper magnate owning two newspapers in Adelaide, South Australia, and a radio station in a faraway mining town. Later in life, Keith Rupert chose to use Rupert, the first name of his maternal grandfather. Keith Murdoch the elder asked to meet with his wife after seeing her debutante photograph in one of his own newspapers and they married in 1928. In addition to Rupert, the couple had three daughters, Janet Calvert-Jones, Anne Kantor and Helen Handbury, Murdoch attended Geelong Grammar School, where he was co-editor of the schools official journal The Corian and editor of the student journal If Revived. He took his schools cricket team to the National Junior Finals and he worked part-time at the Melbourne Herald and was groomed by his father to take over the family business. After her husbands death from cancer in 1952, Elisabeth Murdoch did charity work, as governor of the Royal Womens Hospital in Melbourne. At the age of 102, she had 74 descendants, Murdoch completed an MA before working as a sub-editor with the Daily Express for two years. Following his fathers death, when he was 21, Murdoch returned from Oxford to take charge of the family business News Limited, Rupert Murdoch turned its newspaper, Adelaide News, its main asset, into a major success
21.
Font
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In metal typesetting, a font is a particular size, weight and style of a typeface. Each font was a set of type, one piece for each glyph. In modern usage, with the advent of digital typography, font is frequently synonymous with typeface, in particular, the use of vector or outline fonts means that different sizes of a typeface can be dynamically generated from one design. The word font derives from Middle French fonte melted, a casting, the term refers to the process of casting metal type at a type foundry. In a manual printing house the word font would refer to a set of metal type that would be used to typeset an entire page. Unlike a digital typeface it would not include a definition of each character. A font when bought new would often be sold as 12pt 14A 34a, meaning that it would be a size 12-point font containing 14 uppercase As, given the name upper and lowercase because of which case the metal type was located in, otherwise known as majuscule and minuscule. The rest of the characters would be provided in quantities appropriate for the distribution of letters in that language. Some metal type characters required in typesetting, such as dashes, spaces and line-height spacers, were not part of a specific font, line spacing is still often called leading, because the strips used for line spacing were made of lead. In the 1880s–90s, hot lead typesetting was invented, in which type was cast as it was set, either piece by piece or in entire lines of type at one time. In European alphabetic scripts, i. e. Latin, Cyrillic and Greek, the main properties are the stroke width, called weight, the style or angle. The regular or standard font is sometimes labeled roman, both to distinguish it from bold or thin and from italic or oblique. The keyword for the default, regular case is often omitted for variants and never repeated, otherwise it would be Bulmer regular italic, Bulmer bold regular, Roman can also refer to the language coverage of a font, acting as a shorthand for Western European. Different fonts of the same typeface may be used in the work for various degrees of readability and emphasis. The weight of a font is the thickness of the character outlines relative to their height. A typeface may come in fonts of many weights, from ultra-light to extra-bold or black, four to six weights are not unusual, many typefaces for office, web and non-professional use come with just a normal and a bold weight which are linked together. If no bold weight is provided, many renderers support faking a bolder font by rendering the outline a second time at an offset, the base weight differs among typefaces, that means one normal font may appear bolder than some other normal font. For example, fonts intended to be used in posters are often quite bold by default while fonts for long runs of text are rather light, therefore, weight designations in font names may differ in regard to the actual absolute stroke weight or density of glyphs in the font
22.
New South Wales
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New South Wales is a state on the east coast of Australia. It borders Queensland to the north, Victoria to the south and it has a coast line with the Tasman Sea on its east side. The Australian Capital Territory is an enclave within the state, New South Wales state capital is Sydney, which is also Australias most populous city. In March 2014, the population of New South Wales was 7.5 million. Just under two-thirds of the population,4.67 million. Inhabitants of New South Wales are referred to as New South Welshmen, the Colony of New South Wales was founded as a penal colony in 1788. It originally comprised a more than half of the Australian mainland with its western boundary set at 129th meridian east in 1825, in addition, the colony also included the island territories of New Zealand, Van Diemens Land, Lord Howe Island, and Norfolk Island. During the 19th century, most of the area was detached to form separate British colonies that eventually became New Zealand. However, the Swan River Colony has never administered as part of New South Wales. Lord Howe Island remains part of New South Wales, while Norfolk Island has become a federal Territory, as have the now known as the Australian Capital Territory. The prior inhabitants of New South Wales were the Aboriginal tribes who arrived in Australia about 40,000 to 60,000 years ago, before European settlement there were an estimated 250,000 Aboriginal people in the region. The Wodi Wodi people are the custodians of the Illawarra region of South Sydney. The Bundjalung people are the custodians of parts of the northern coastal areas. The European discovery of New South Wales was made by Captain James Cook during his 1770 survey along the eastern coast of the Dutch-named continent of New Holland. In his original journal covering the survey, in triplicate to satisfy Admiralty Orders, Cook first named the land New Wales, however, in the copy held by the Admiralty, he revised the wording to New South Wales. After years of chaos and anarchy after the overthrow of Governor William Bligh, macquaries legacy is still evident today. During the 19th century, large areas were separated to form the British colonies of Tasmania, South Australia, Victoria. Responsible government was granted to the New South Wales colony in 1855, following the Treaty of Waitangi, William Hobson declared British sovereignty over New Zealand in 1840
23.
Northern Territory
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The Northern Territory is a federal Australian territory in the central and central northern regions of Australia. It shares borders with Western Australia to the west, South Australia to the south, to the north, the territory is bordered by the Timor Sea, the Arafura Sea and the Gulf of Carpentaria. Despite its large area—over 1,349,129 square kilometres, the Northern Territorys population of 244,000 makes it the least populous of Australias eight major states and territories, having fewer than half as many people as Tasmania. The archaeological history of the Northern Territory begins over 40,000 years ago when Indigenous Australians settled the region, makassan traders began trading with the indigenous people of the Northern Territory for trepang from at least the 18th century onwards. The coast of the territory was first seen by Europeans in the 17th century, the British were the first Europeans to attempt to settle the coastal regions. After three failed attempts to establish a settlement, success was achieved in 1869 with the establishment of a settlement at Port Darwin. Today the economy is based on tourism, especially Kakadu National Park in the Top End and the Uluru-Kata Tjuta National Park in central Australia, the capital and largest city is Darwin. The population is not concentrated in regions but rather along the Stuart Highway. The other major settlements are Palmerston, Alice Springs, Katherine, Nhulunbuy, residents of the Northern Territory are often known simply as Territorians and fully as Northern Territorians, or more informally as Top Enders and Centralians. With the coming of the British, there were four attempts to settle the harsh environment of the northern coast. The Northern Territory was part of colonial New South Wales from 1825 to 1863, except for a time from February to December 1846. It was part of South Australia from 1863 to 1911, under the administration of colonial South Australia, the overland telegraph was constructed between 1870 and 1872. A railway was built between Palmerston and Pine Creek between 1883 and 1889. The economic pattern of raising and mining was established so that by 1911 there were 513,000 cattle. Victoria River Downs was at one time the largest cattle station in the world, gold was found at Grove Hill in 1872 and at Pine Creek, Brocks Creek, Burrundi, and copper was found at Daly River. On 1 January 1911, a decade after federation, the Northern Territory was separated from South Australia, alfred Deakin opined at this time To me the question has been not so much commercial as national, first, second, third and last. Either we must accomplish the peopling of the territory or submit to its transfer to some other nation. In late 1912 there was growing sentiment that the name Northern Territory was unsatisfactory, the names Kingsland, Centralia and Territoria were proposed with Kingsland becoming the preferred choice in 1913
24.
Broken Hill
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Broken Hill is an isolated mining city in the far west of outback New South Wales, Australia. It is near the border with South Australia on the crossing of the Barrier Highway and it is 315 m above sea level, with a hot desert climate, an average rainfall of 235 mm. The closest major city is Adelaide, the capital of South Australia, Broken Hill has been referred to as The Silver City, the Oasis of the West, and the Capital of the Outback. Although over 1,100 km west of Sydney and surrounded by semi-desert, the town has a high potential for solar power, given its extensive daylight hours of sunshine. The Broken Hill Solar Plant, which was completed in 2015, is one of the largest in the Southern Hemisphere, unlike the rest of New South Wales, Broken Hill observes Australian Central Standard Time, the same time zone used in South Australia and the Northern Territory. This is because at the time the Australian dominions adopted standard time, Broken Hills only direct link was with Adelaide. Similarly, Broken Hill is regarded as part of South Australia for the purposes of postal parcels rates, Broken Hill also used to be a break of gauge station where the state railway systems of South Australia and New South Wales met. Broken Hill is Australias longest-lived mining city, in 1844, the explorer Charles Sturt saw and named the Barrier Range, and at the time referred to a Broken Hill in his diary. Silver ore was discovered on this broken hill in 1883 by a boundary rider named Charles Rasp. The broken hill that gave its name to Broken Hill actually comprised a number of hills appeared to have a break in them. The broken hill no longer exists, having been mined away, the area was originally known as Willyama. Prior to Sturts naming, the area was referred to by the local Aboriginal population as the Leaping Crest. Broken Hills massive orebody, which formed about 1,800 million years ago, has proved to be among the worlds largest silver–lead–zinc mineral deposits, the orebody is shaped like a boomerang plunging into the earth at its ends and outcropping in the centre. The protruding tip of the orebody stood out as a rocky ridge amongst undulating plain country on either side. This was known as the hill by early pastoralists. Miners called the ore body the Line of Lode, a unique mineral recently identified from Broken Hill has been named Nyholmite after one of the citys famous sons Ron Nyholm. Lead with the signature of the Broken Hill deposits has been found across the entire continent of Antarctica in ice cores dating back to the late nineteenth century. Many of these waterholes are still secret from non-Indigenous people
25.
Mildura
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Mildura is a regional city in north-west Victoria, Australia. Located on the Victorian side of the Murray River, Mildura had a population of just over 31,000 in 2011, when nearby Wentworth is included, the area had an estimated urban population of 50,011 at June 2015. It is the largest settlement in the Sunraysia region, Mildura is a major horticultural centre notable for its grape production, supplying 80% of Victorias grapes. Many wineries also source grapes from Mildura, other key crops produced in the district include citrus, almonds and dried fruit. The citys central district is located just a short distance from the banks of the Murray. Langtree Avenue is the shopping and dining precinct in Mildura. The other major retail precinct is along Fifteenth Street in the Mildura South area, the citys name was taken from the Mildura homestead, an early sheep station which covered most of the area. Mildura has a history of orange and grape farming. There are several theories as to the origin of the name Mildura, while it was the name of the sheep station, without precedent in the English language, most historians believe it to have originated from Indigenous Australian words. However, the etymology of Mildura is not entirely certain as in several of the local dialects the words have different meanings, the word dura is generally thought to mean earth, sand or rock, at least in Latje Latje language. However, usage of the mill can vary in dialect and is used to mean red or water. Many Aboriginal people lived around the site of Mildura because of the abundant food, Local tribes included the Latje Latje and Yerre Yerre. The first Europeans in the area arrived in 1857 and brought sheep to graze the rich pastures, there he met George and William Chaffey. After much political wrangling, the settlement of Mildura was established in 1887, the Post Office opened on 23 January 1888. The nearby towns of Wentworth, Gol Gol, Curlwaa and Yelta sprang up in the mid-to-late 19th century, in the 1890s came the scourge of the rabbit. This devastated the farmers, especially south of the Murray. There was also a financial recession at this time, combined, these factors restricted growth of the new settlement. After this period, the new settlement grew and grew and it was soon the main town of the district
26.
Nhill
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Nhill is a town in the Wimmera, in western Victoria, Australia. Nhill is located on the Western Highway, halfway between Adelaide and Melbourne, at the 2011 census, Nhill had a population of 2278. Nhill is believed to be a Wergaia word meaning early morning mist rising over water or white mist rising from the water, Nhill is the administrative headquarters for Shire of Hindmarsh and residents are mainly employed in either farming or food processing, most notably in grain and fowl. The town is home to a community of Karen people, originally coming to Australia as refugees, the Karen community settled in Nhill in the early 2010s to work at the Luv-a-Duck food processing facility. In 2012, there were over 100 Karen residents in Nhill, the 2011 Australian census listed the main religions in Nhill as Uniting Church 26. 8%, Lutheran 15. 6%, Anglican 13. 4% and Catholic 12. 9%. 31. 3% either recorded no religion or did not answer, the area has been home to the Wotjobaluk Aboriginal people for thousands of years and was first visited by Europeans in 1845. The famous Aboriginal tracker and cricketer, Dick-a-Dick, later claimed to have been present at the first meeting between the Wotjobaluk and Europeans, brothers Frank and John Oliver decided to build a flour mill on Crown land beside the Dimboola-Lawloit road, the township of Nhill grew from there. Cobb and Co coaches serviced Nhill from 1883, Nhill Post Office opened on 1 January 1881. An earlier rural office was replaced by Lawloit Post Office Nhill was the first Victorian town after the capital, Melbourne. Electric lighting was installed by 1892, Nhill airport, located 1.9 km north-west of the town, served as a major RAAF training base during the Second World War, instructing over 10,000 aircrew in 1941-1946. The major employer in the town is Luv-a-Duck—a duck meat grower, tourism is another local industry, Nhill services the highway traffic passing through. Nhill is recognised by the industry as the halfway point by road between Melbourne and Adelaide. Transport companies use Nhill as their changeover point, Nhill railway station is serviced by The Overland that stops three times a week. Air services are at Nhill Airport, bus services are provided by V/Line and Firefly several times daily. Nhill has three hotels, the Commercial Hotel, the Farmers Arms Hotel and the Union Hotel, Nhill has a caravan park and a number of motels. Nhill has a Lutheran Primary school, a Catholic Primary School, the Nhill Show is held each year on the second Thursday of October. Up until 2012 Nhill hosted a Duck & Jazz Festival in mid February, the release of the film Road to Nhill in 1997 briefly placed Nhill in the national spotlight. The Nhill Aviation Heritage Centre is located at nearby historical Nhill airport, included in its displays is a rare Avro Anson aircraft undergoing restoration
27.
Alice Springs
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Alice Springs /ˌælᵻs ˈsprɪŋz/ is the third largest town in the Northern Territory of Australia. Popularly known as the Alice or simply Alice, Alice Springs is situated roughly in Australias geographic centre. The area is known as Mparntwe to its inhabitants, the Arrernte. The name Alice Springs was given by surveyor William Whitfield Mills after Lady Alice Todd, Alice Springs has a population of 27,972, which makes up 8.7 percent of the territorys population. Alice Springs is nearly equidistant from Adelaide and Darwin, the town straddles the usually dry Todd River on the northern side of the MacDonnell Ranges. The surrounding region is known as Central Australia, or the Red Centre, the Aboriginal name for Alice Springs is Mparntwe. Many Arrernte people also live in communities outside of Alice Springs, three major groups, the Western, Eastern and Central Arrernte people live in Central Australia, their traditional land including the area of Alice Springs and MacDonnell Ranges. They have also referred to as Aranda, Arrarnta, Arunta. There are five dialects of the Arrernte language, South-eastern, Central, Arrernte country is rich with mountain ranges, waterholes and gorges, which create a variety of natural habitats. The numerous sites of importance in and around Alice Springs include Anthwerrke, Akeyulerre, Ntaripe, Atnelkentyarliweke. A white settlement was started ten years later with the construction of a station on the Overland Telegraph Line. The OTL was completed in 1872 and it traced Stuarts route and opened up the interior for permanent settlement. The Alice Springs Telegraph Station was sited near what was thought to be a permanent waterhole in the normally dry Todd River, the settlement was optimistically named Alice Springs after the wife of the former Postmaster General of South Australia, Sir Charles Todd. The Todd River was named after Sir Charles and it was not until alluvial gold was discovered at Arltunga,100 kilometres east of the present Alice Springs, in 1887 that any significant European settlement occurred. The towns first substantial building was the Stuart Town Gaol in Parsons Street which was built in 1909 when the town had a European population of fewer than 20 people, many of the gaols first prisoners were first contact aboriginal men incarcerated for killing cattle. The first aircraft, piloted by Francis Stewart Briggs landed in 1921, Central Australias first hospital, Adelaide House, was built in 1926 when the European population of the town was about 40. It was not until 1929 when the line to Alice was built. Aboriginal Centralians outnumbered European Centralians until the mid-1930s, until 31 August 1933, the town was officially known as Stuart
28.
Roy Morgan Research
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Roy Morgan Research is an Australian market research company headquartered in Melbourne. It was founded in 1941 by Roy Morgan, its Executive Chairman today is his son, Gary Morgan, CEO is Michele Levine. The results are published on www. roymorgan. com and by newspapers, magazines, television, radio, the company is a major provider of advertising and media planning data and undertakes large government, social and corporate research programs. Roy Morgan Research developed the Worm, which first appeared on live TV on Channel TENs Face To Face current affairs program. After being commissioned to provide The Worm to the Nine Network for a decade, Roy Morgan Research conducts the fieldwork for The Melbourne Institutes Household, Income and Labour Dynamics in Australia Survey
29.
Web analytics
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Web analytics is the measurement, collection, analysis and reporting of web data for purposes of understanding and optimizing web usage. However, Web analytics is not just a process for measuring web traffic but can be used as a tool for business and market research, Web analytics applications can also help companies measure the results of traditional print or broadcast advertising campaigns. It helps one to estimate how traffic to a website changes after the launch of a new advertising campaign, Web analytics provides information about the number of visitors to a website and the number of page views. It helps gauge traffic and popularity trends which is useful for market research, most web analytics processes down to four essential stages or steps, which are, Collection of data, This stage is the collection of the basic, elementary data. Usually, this data is counts of things, the objective of this stage is to gather the data. Processing of data into information, This stage usually take counts and make them ratios, the objective of this stage is to take the data and conform it into information, specifically metrics. Developing KPI, This stage focuses on using the ratios and infusing them with business strategies, many times, KPIs deal with conversion aspects, but not always. Formulating online strategy, This stage is concerned with the goals, objectives. These strategies are related to making money, saving money. Each stage impacts or can impact the stage preceding or following it, so, sometimes the data that is available for collection impacts the online strategy. Other times, the online strategy affects the data collected, there are at least two categories of web analytics, off-site and on-site web analytics. Off-site web analytics refers to web measurement and analysis regardless of whether you own or maintain a website and it includes the measurement of a websites potential audience, share of voice, and buzz that is happening on the Internet as a whole. On-site web analytics, the most common, measure a visitors behavior once on your website and this includes its drivers and conversions, for example, the degree to which different landing pages are associated with online purchases. On-site web analytics measures the performance of your website in a commercial context and this data is typically compared against key performance indicators for performance, and used to improve a website or marketing campaigns audience response. Historically, web analytics has been used to refer to on-site visitor measurement, however, this meaning has become blurred, mainly because vendors are producing tools that span both categories. Many different vendors provide on-site web analytics software and services, there are two main technical ways of collecting the data. The first and traditional method, server log file analysis, reads the logfiles in which the web server records file requests by browsers, both collect data that can be processed to produce web traffic reports. The fundamental goal of web analytics is to collect and analyze data related to web traffic, the data mainly come from four sources, Direct HTTP request data, directly comes from HTTP request messages
30.
Alexa Internet
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Alexa Internet, Inc. is a California-based company that provides commercial web traffic data and analytics. It is an owned subsidiary of Amazon. com. Founded as an independent company in 1996, Alexa was acquired by Amazon in 1999 and its toolbar collects data on browsing behavior and transmits them to the Alexa website, where they are stored and analyzed. This is the basis for the web traffic reporting. According to its website, Alexa provides traffic data, global rankings, as of 2015, its website has been visited by over 6.5 million people monthly. Alexa Internet was founded in April 1996 by American web entrepreneurs Brewster Kahle, Alexa initially offered a toolbar that gave Internet users suggestions on where to go next, based on the traffic patterns of its user community. The company also offered context for each site visited, to whom it was registered, how many pages it had, how other sites pointed to it. Alexas operations grew to include archiving of web pages as they are crawled and this database served as the basis for the creation of the Internet Archive accessible through the Wayback Machine. In 1998, the company donated a copy of the archive, Alexa continues to supply the Internet Archive with Web crawls. In 1999, as the company moved away from its vision of providing an intelligent search engine. Alexa began a partnership with Google in early 2002, and with the web directory DMOZ in January 2003, in May 2006, replaced Google with Bing as a provider of search results. In December 2006, Amazon released Alexa Image Search, built in-house, it was the first major application built on the companys Web platform. In December 2005, Alexa opened its extensive search index and Web-crawling facilities to third-party programs through a set of Web services. These could be used, for instance, to construct vertical search engines that could run on Alexas own servers or elsewhere. In May 2007, Alexa changed their API to limit comparisons to three websites, reduce the size of embedded graphs in Flash, and add mandatory embedded BritePic advertisements. In April 2007, the company filed a lawsuit, Alexa v. Hornbaker, in the lawsuit, Alexa alleged that Ron Hornbaker was stealing traffic graphs for profit, and that the primary purpose of his site was to display graphs that were generated by Alexas servers. Hornbaker removed the term Alexa from his name on March 19,2007. Thereafter, Alexa became a purely analytics-focused company, on March 31,2009, Alexa launched a major website redesign
31.
SimilarWeb
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SimilarWeb Ltd. is a digital market intelligence company co-founded in 2007 by Or Offer. It sells a software as a product, an API product, custom reports. The company was founded in 2007 by Or Offer in Tel-Aviv,2009 SimilarWeb won the first Israeli SeedCamp, attracting the attention of international media and investors. The company raised its Series A round of $1.1 million the investment led by Yossi Vardi, similarSites, a browser extension to help users find sites similar to the one they are visiting, was launched later that year. 2013 On January 29,2013, SimilarWeb raised another $2.5 million, on February 24,2014, South Africa media giant Naspers invested $18 million into SimilarWeb by funding a Series C. In November 2014, SimilarWeb announced that it had collected funds for its expansion and enhancement of its mobile insights. To this initiative, Naspers and Lord David Alliance contributed $15 million in a series D investment, SimilarWebs most notable clients include PayPal, eBay Inc. On December 10,2015, SimilarWeb announced it had acquired Quettra, founded by ex-Google Play executive, Ankit Jain, Quettra provided personalization tools to developers in return for detailed mobile telemetry data. The Quettra team will serve as the basis of SimilarWebs newly established Silicon Valley headquarters, alexa Internet comScore Compete. com Quantcast Nielsen N. V
32.
National Library of Australia
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In 2012–2013, the National Library collection comprised 6,496,772 items, and an additional 15,506 metres of manuscript material. In 1901, a Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was established to serve the newly formed Federal Parliament of Australia, from its inception the Commonwealth Parliamentary Library was driven to development of a truly national collection. The present library building was opened in 1968, the building was designed by the architectural firm of Bunning and Madden. The foyer is decorated in marble, with windows by Leonard French. In 2012–2013 the Library collection comprised 6,496,772 items, the Librarys collections of Australiana have developed into the nations single most important resource of materials recording the Australian cultural heritage. Australian writers, editors and illustrators are actively sought and well represented—whether published in Australia or overseas, approximately 92. 1% of the Librarys collection has been catalogued and is discoverable through the online catalogue. The Library has digitized over 174,000 items from its collection and, the Library is a world leader in digital preservation techniques, and maintains an Internet-accessible archive of selected Australian websites called the Pandora Archive. A core Australiana collection is that of John A. Ferguson, the Library has particular collection strengths in the performing arts, including dance. The Librarys considerable collections of general overseas and rare materials, as well as world-class Asian. The print collections are further supported by extensive microform holdings, the Library also maintains the National Reserve Braille Collection. The Library has acquired a number of important Western and Asian language scholarly collections from researchers, williams Collection The Asian Collections are searchable via the National Librarys catalogue. The National Library holds a collection of pictures and manuscripts. The manuscript collection contains about 26 million separate items, covering in excess of 10,492 meters of shelf space, the collection relates predominantly to Australia, but there are also important holdings relating to Papua New Guinea, New Zealand and the Pacific. The collection also holds a number of European and Asian manuscript collections or single items have received as part of formed book collections. Examples are the papers of Alfred Deakin, Sir John Latham, Sir Keith Murdoch, Sir Hans Heysen, Sir John Monash, Vance Palmer and Nettie Palmer, A. D. Hope, Manning Clark, David Williamson, W. M. The Library has also acquired the records of many national non-governmental organisations and they include the records of the Federal Secretariats of the Liberal party, the A. L. P, the Democrats, the R. S. L. Finally, the Library holds about 37,000 reels of microfilm of manuscripts and archival records, mostly acquired overseas and predominantly of Australian, the National Librarys Pictures collection focuses on Australian people, places and events, from European exploration of the South Pacific to contemporary events. Art works and photographs are acquired primarily for their informational value, media represented in the collection include photographs, drawings, watercolours, oils, lithographs, engravings, etchings and sculpture/busts
33.
Trove
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It is one of the most well-respected and accessed GLAM services in Australia, with over 70,000 daily users. Troves origins can be seen in the development of services such as the Australian Bibliographic Network. It was originally known as the Single Business Discovery Service, a project that was launched in August 2008, the key features of the service were designed to create a faceted search system specifically for Australian content. Tight integration with the provider databases has allowed Find and Get functions, important extra features include the provision of a check copyright tool and persistent identifiers. The scope of the project is to help you find and use resources relating to Australia, Trove includes content from many libraries, museums, archives and other organisations. The sites content is split into zones designating different forms of content which can be searched all together, books, allows searching of the collective catalogues of institutions findable in Libraries Australia using the Australian National Bibliographic Database. Diaries People, allows searching of biographical information and other resources about associated people and organisations, maps Music, sound and videos, allows searching of digitised historic sheet music and audio recordings. Replacing the previous Music Australia website, also includes searchable transcripts from many Radio National programs. Newspapers, allows text-searching of digitised historic newspapers, replacing the previous Australian Newspapers website. Pictures, Including digitised photographs, drawings, posters, postcards etc, considerable numbers of images on Flickr with the appropriate licensing are donated as well. Replacing the previous Pictures Australia website, websites, the primary search portal of the PANDORA web-archiving service, which itself includes the Australian Government Web Archive. Government Gazettes, allows searching of official publications written for the purpose of notifying the public of government business, a final zone called Lists allows logged-in users of Trove to make their own public compilations of items found in Trove searches. Bibliographic records from the ANBD are also uploaded into the WorldCat global union catalogue, the results can be filtered by format if searching for braille, audio books, theses or conference proceedings and also by decade and language of publication. A filter for Australian content is also provided, Trove provides text-searchable access to over 700 historic Australian newspapers from each State and Territory. It includes the earliest published Australian newspaper, the Sydney Gazette, also included is The Australian Womens Weekly. The Canberra Times is the major newspaper available beyond 1957. It allowed publication of its in-copyright archive up to 1995 as part of the centenary of Canberra in 2013, also crowdfunded, the Australian feminist magazine The Dawn was included on International Womens Day 2012. On 25 July 2008 the Australian Newspapers Beta service was released to the public as a standalone website, the service contains over 3 million articles from 1803 onwards, with more content being added regularly
34.
A. T. Saunders
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Alfred Thomas Saunders was an accountant and amateur historian of the early days of South Australia, with a particular interest in the sea and River Murray. By engaging in controversy, he attracted a wide following, on many occasions he challenged writings by famous writers and public figures, including Joseph Conrad, who became something of a friend. Saunders grandparents, William and Ann Galway left the North of Ireland on the Adam Lodge in 1837, ten years later they came to Port Adelaide in the Juno, the first steamship to enter Port Adelaide from another State under its own steam. Both his mother and her sister married ship captains, Saunders was born at Queenstown, South Australia in the house his grandfather William Galway built in 1859, then the only two-storey house in the area, later owned by Frank Coleman. Young Alfred, after two years schooling, began work in 1867 as an office boy. From late 1875 to 1876 he worked as a clerk for Coombe Brothers, storekeepers in the town of Port Pirie. From 1895 to 1905 he was employed by the sharebroker Mr. H. L. Conran to keep his records. In November 1886 he contributed his first article to a South Australian newspaper and he continued to write, and as the years went by the pursuit of South Australian history became a very serious hobby. He also had records of the arrival of every ship which had visited South Australia, the more he checked her dates and facts, the more he trusted her memory and decided to commit the Hayes story to print. Having begun to write a history of Hayes, he found it essential to visit Singapore, Shanghai, any search undertaken by him was not abandoned until all possible avenues of information had been exhausted. Clerks in the British Admiralty were often called upon to delve into the dusty past and he once wrote to Joseph Conrad, pointing out an error that the author had made, and after Conrad had written acknowledging the mistake, a correspondence sprang up between them. Conrad visited South Australia as mate of the Torrens in 1893, a passenger on the same ship was John Galsworthy. Saunders noticed the name John Galsworthy among the passenger list of The Torrens, Conrad visited South Australia a few years later in the Otago. The visit was recalled in a letter by Conrad to Saunders,14 June 1917, Capel House, Orlestone, near Ashford, dear Mr. Saunders — You are a terror for tracking people out. It strikes me if I had done some thing involving penal servitude I would not like to have had you after me. However, I have done nothing of the sort, and am not likely to now — too old, and I can enjoy without misgivings the evidences of your skill, tenacity, and acuteness. Many thanks for your letter with the enclosures, giving the history of those lively ladies, mostly all the inferences and surmises in your letter are correct. The farmers around were very nice to me and I gave their wives – on a never-to-be-for gotten day – a tea party on board the dear old Otago, the Smile of Fortune story does belong to the Otago cycle, if I may call it so
35.
News Corp
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News Corporation is an American multinational mass media company, formed as a spin-off of the former News Corporation focusing on newspapers and publishing. On June 28,2012, Rupert Murdoch announced that News Corporations publishing operations would be spun off to form a new, the move also came in the wake of a series of scandals that had damaged the reputation of multiple News Corporation-owned properties. The logo of the new News Corporation was unveiled at a presentation on May 28,2013. The shares fell in price by 3% to $14.55 per share, the new News Corp began trading on the NASDAQ stock exchange under the symbol NWS on July 1,2013, at the same time, the former News Corporation was renamed 21st Century Fox. The newspapers will be operated by GateHouse Media, a group owned by Fortress. Robert Thomson indicated that the newspapers were not strategically consistent with the portfolio of the company. GateHouse then filed for prepackaged Chapter 11 bankruptcy on September 27,2013, then GateHouse emerged from bankruptcy on November 26,2013. On May 2,2014, News Corp acquired romance novel publisher Harlequin Enterprises from Torstar for $415 million, the deal closed on August 1, it is now operated a subsidiary. On September 30,2014, News Corp announced its acquisition of Move, Inc. a real estate listings company, a 20% stake is owned by REA Group, a publicly-traded subsidiary of News Corp Australia. In October 2015, News Corp sold its digital education brand Amplify Education to a management team supported by a group of investors for an undisclosed sum. HarperCollins, a book trade publisher News America Marketing, a distributor of advertising and coupon promotions Wireless Group
36.
Dow Jones & Company
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Dow Jones & Company is an American publishing and financial information firm that has been owned by News Corp. since 2007. The company was best known for the publication of the Dow Jones Industrial Average and related statistics, Dow Jones Newswire. The company was led by the Bancroft family, which held 64% of voting stock, the company was founded in 1882 by three reporters, Charles Dow, Edward Jones, and Charles Bergstresser. Dow Jones was acquired in 1902 by Clarence Barron, the financial journalist of the day. Upon Barrons death in 1928, control of the passed to his stepdaughters Jane. The company was led by the Bancroft family, which effectively controlled 64% of all voting stock, the company became a subsidiary of News Corporation after an extended takeover bid during 2007. It was reported on August 1,2007 that the bid had been successful after a period of uncertainty about shareholder agreement. The transaction was completed on December 13,2007 and it was worth US$5 billion or $60 a share, giving News Corp control of The Wall Street Journal and ending the Bancroft familys 105 years of ownership. In 2010, the company sold 90% of Dow Jones Indexes to the CME Group and its flagship publication, The Wall Street Journal, is a daily newspaper in print and online covering business, financial national and international news and issues around the globe. It began publishing on July 8,1889, there are 12 versions of the Journal in nine languages, including English, Chinese, Japanese, German, Spanish, Portuguese, Bahasa, Turkish and Korean. The Journal holds 35 Pulitzer Prizes for outstanding journalism, other consumer-oriented publications of Dow Jones include Barrons Magazine, a weekly overview of the world economy and markets and MarketWatch, the online financial news site. Financial News provides news on investment banking, securities, and asset management, bigCharts, provided by MarketWatchs Virtual Stock Exchange Games, includes stock charts, screeners, interactive charting, and research tools. Professor Journal, is a Journal in education program for professors to integrate into curriculum, Dow Jones also publishes Heat Street, an online news and opinion website launched in February 2016. The monthly journal Far Eastern Economic Review closed in September 2009, Dow Jones also owns Local Media Group, which publishes several community newspapers in the U. S. Dow Jones serves corporate markets and financial markets clients with financial news and information products and its products combine content and technology tools to help drive decisions. It provides data on venture-backed companies, including their investors and executives, in region, industry. Private Equity Analyst, timely news and critical analysis of private equity, offers exclusive insight and breaking news on developments in fund-raising, investment, deal finance, liquidity, returns, executive moves and more. DJX Risk & Compliance, on management, regulatory compliance or corporate governance content for Anti-Corruption, Anti-Money Laundering, Payments & Sanctions
