1.
Joseph L. Mankiewicz
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Joseph Leo Mankiewicz was an American film director, screenwriter, and producer. Mankiewicz had a long Hollywood career, and he won the Academy Award for both Best Director and Best Writing, Screenplay for A Letter to Three Wives and All About Eve. Joseph Mankiewicz was born in Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania, to Franz Mankiewicz and Johanna Blumenau and he had a sister, Erna Mankiewicz, and a brother, Herman J. Mankiewicz, who became a screenwriter. Herman also won an Oscar for co-writing Citizen Kane, at age four, Mankiewicz moved with his family to New York City, graduating in 1924 from Stuyvesant High School. In 1928, he obtained a degree from Columbia University. At 19, he was sent by his professor father to Berlin where he was to study German drama at the University of Berlin. Instead, Mankiewicz got work at the UFA film studio translating film intertitles from German to English, Mankiewicz worked for seventeen years as a screenwriter for Paramount and as a producer for MGM before getting a chance to direct at Twentieth Century-Fox. During his long career in Hollywood, Mankiewicz wrote forty-eight screenplays and he also produced more than twenty films including The Philadelphia Story which was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture in 1941. However, he is best known for the films he directed, in 1944, he produced The Keys of the Kingdom, which starred Gregory Peck, and featured Mankiewiczs then-wife, Rose Stradner, in a supporting role as a nun. In 1951 Mankiewicz left Fox and moved to New York, intending to write for the Broadway stage, in 1953 he directed Julius Caesar for MGM, an adaptation of Shakespeares play. The film serves as the record of Marlon Brando in a Shakespearean role, he played Mark Antony. In 1958 Mankiewicz directed The Quiet American, an adaptation of Graham Greenes 1955 novel about the seed of American military involvement in what would become the Vietnam War. A cautionary tale about Americas blind support for anti-Communists was turned into, according to Greene, Mankiewicz made more films, however, garnering an Oscar nomination for Best Direction in 1972 for Sleuth, his final directing effort, starring Laurence Olivier and Michael Caine. In 1983, he was a member of the jury at the 33rd Berlin International Film Festival, the Academy Film Archive preserved his films All About Eve and Sleuth. He was the brother of Herman J. Mankiewicz. His sons are Eric Reynal, the late writer/director Tom Mankiewicz and he also has a daughter, Alex Mankiewicz. His great-nephew is radio and television personality Ben Mankiewicz, who currently can be seen on TCM and he also was the uncle of Frank Mankiewicz, a well-known political campaign manager who officially announced the death of the assassinated presidential candidate, Robert F. Kennedy, in 1968. He was not related to the similar-sounding British screenwriter, Wolf Mankowitz, Mankiewicz died of a heart attack on February 5,1993, six days before his 84th birthday
2.
Humphrey Bogart
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Humphrey DeForest Bogart was an American screen and stage actor whose performances in 1940s films noir such as The Maltese Falcon, Casablanca, and The Big Sleep earned him status as a cultural icon. Bogart began acting in 1921 after a hitch in the U. S. Navy in World War I and little success in various jobs in finance, gradually he became a regular in Broadway shows in the 1920s and 1930s. When the stock market crash of 1929 reduced the demand for plays, Bogarts breakthrough as a leading man came in 1941 with High Sierra and The Maltese Falcon. His last film was The Harder They Fall, during a film career of almost 30 years, Bogart appeared in more than 75 feature films. In 1999, the American Film Institute ranked Bogart as the greatest male star of Classic American cinema, over his career, he received three Academy Award nominations for Best Actor, winning one. Bogart was born on Christmas Day,1899, in New York City, Belmont was the only child of the unhappy marriage of Adam Watkins Bogart, a Canandaigua, New York innkeeper, and his wife, Julia, a wealthy heiress. The name Bogart comes from the Dutch surname Bogaert, Belmont and Maud married in June 1898, he was a Presbyterian, of English and Dutch descent, and she was an Episcopalian of English heritage, and a descendant of Mayflower passenger John Howland. Young Humphrey was raised in the Episcopal faith, but was non-practicing for most of his adult life, the corrected January birthdate subsequently appeared—and in some cases, remains—in many otherwise authoritative sources. Sperber and Eric Lax documented, however, that Bogart always celebrated his birthday on December 25, Lauren Bacall confirmed in her autobiography that his birthday was always celebrated on Christmas Day, adding that he joked that he was cheated out of a present every year because of it. Bogarts father, Belmont, was a cardiopulmonary surgeon and his mother, Maud, was a commercial illustrator who received her art training in New York and France, including study with James McNeill Whistler. Later she became art director of the fashion magazine The Delineator and she used a drawing of baby Humphrey in a well-known advertising campaign for Mellins Baby Food. In her prime, she made over $50,000 a year, then a vast sum, the Bogarts lived in a fashionable Upper West Side apartment, and had an elegant cottage on a 55-acre estate on Canandaigua Lake in upstate New York. As a youngster, Humphreys gang of friends at the lake would put on theatricals, Humphrey had two younger sisters, Frances and Catherine Elizabeth. His parents were busy in their careers and frequently fought, very formal, they showed little emotion towards their children. Maud told her offspring to call her Maud not Mother, when pleased she lapped you on the shoulder, almost the way a man does, Bogart recalled. I was brought up very unsentimentally but very straightforwardly, a kiss, in our family, was an event. Our mother and father didnt glug over my two sisters and me. As a boy, Bogart was teased for his curls, tidiness, the pictures his mother had him pose for, the Little Lord Fauntleroy clothes she dressed him in
3.
Ava Gardner
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Ava Lavinia Gardner was an American actress and singer. She was signed to a contract by MGM Studios in 1941 and she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for her work in Mogambo, and also received BAFTA Award and Golden Globe Award nominations for other films. The Life and Times of Judge Roy Bean, Earthquake, Gardner continued to act regularly until 1986, four years before her death in London in 1990 at the age of 67. She is listed 25th among the American Film Institutes 25 Greatest Female Stars of Classic Hollywood Cinema, Gardner was born near the farming community of Smithfield, North Carolina. She was the youngest of seven children and she had two older brothers, Raymond and Melvin, and four older sisters, Beatrice, Elsie Mae, Inez, and Myra. Her parents, Mary Elizabeth Molly and Jonas Bailey Gardner, were poor cotton, while there are varying accounts of her background, Gardners only documented ancestry was English. She was raised in the Baptist faith of her mother, while in Newport News, Gardners father became ill and died from bronchitis in 1938, when Ava was 15 years old. After Jonas Gardners death, the moved to Rock Ridge near Wilson, North Carolina. Gardner attended high school in Rock Ridge and she graduated there in 1939. She then attended classes at Atlantic Christian College in Wilson for about a year. Gardner was visiting her sister Beatrice in New York in 1941 when Beatrices husband Larry Tarr and he was so pleased with the results that he displayed the finished product in the front window of his Tarr Photography Studio on Fifth Avenue. A Loews Theatres legal clerk, Barnard Duhan, spotted Gardners photo in Tarrs studio, at the time, Duhan often posed as an MGM talent scout to meet girls, using the fact that MGM was a subsidiary of Loews. Duhan entered Tarrs and tried to get Gardners number, but was rebuffed by the receptionist, Duhan made the offhand comment, Somebody should send her info to MGM, and the Tarrs did so immediately. With cameras rolling, he directed the 18-year-old to walk towards the camera, turn and walk away and he did not attempt to record her voice because her Southern accent made it almost impossible for him to understand her. Mayer, head of the studio, however, sent a telegram to Altman, She cant sing, she cant act, she cant talk and she was offered a standard contract by MGM, and left school for Hollywood in 1941 with her sister Beatrice accompanying her. MGMs first order of business was to provide her with a speech coach, other films include The Hucksters, Show Boat, The Snows of Kilimanjaro, Lone Star, Mogambo, The Barefoot Contessa, Bhowani Junction, The Sun Also Rises, and On the Beach. Gardner starred as Guinevere in 1953s Knights of the Round Table, indicative of her sophistication, she portrayed a duchess, a baroness and other ladies of royal lineage in her films of the 1950s. John Huston directed the movie in Puerto Vallarta, Mexico, insisting on making the film in black and white, Gardner received billing below Burton but above Kerr
4.
Edmond O'Brien
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Edmond OBrien was an American actor who appeared in more than 100 films from the 1940s to the 1970s, often playing character parts. His other notable films include The Hunchback of Notre Dame, The Killers, White Heat, Julius Caesar,1984, The Girl Cant Help It, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance and The Wild Bunch. OBrien was born Eamon Joseph OBrien in Brooklyn, New York, of English and Irish stock, when he was four years old, OBriens father died. He put on shows for children in his neighborhood with coaching from a neighbor. He performed under the title, Neirbo the Great, an aunt who taught high school English and speech took him to the theatre from an early age and he developed an interest in acting. OBrien began acting in plays at school, after attending Fordham University for six months, he went to Neighborhood Playhouse School of the Theatre on a scholarship. He studied for two years under such teachers as Sanford Meisner, his classmates included Betty Garrett and it was simply the best training in the world for a young actor, singer or dancer, said OBrien. What these teachers encouraged above all was getting your tools ready – your body, your voice, in addition to studying at the Playhouse, OBrien took classes with the Columbia Laboratory Players group, which emphasized training in Shakespeare. OBrien began working in stock in Yonkers. He made his first Broadway appearance at age 21 in Daughters of Atreus and he played a grave digger in Hamlet, went on tour with Parnell, then appeared in Maxwell Andersons The Star Wagon, starring Lillian Gish and Burgess Meredith. OBriens theatre work attracted the attention of Pandro Berman at RKO and he returned to Broadway to play Mercutio opposite Laurence Olivier and Vivien Leigh in Romeo and Juliet. RKO offered OBrien a long term contract and his roles included A Girl, a Guy, and a Gob and Parachute Battalion. The latter starred Nancy Kelly who OBrien would later marry, although the union lasted less than a year, OBrien made Obliging Young Lady with Eve Arden, and Powder Town. He was loaned to Universal to appear opposite Deanna Durbin in The Amazing Mrs. Holliday, during World War II, OBrien served in the U. S. Army Air Forces and appeared in the Air Forces Broadway play Winged Victory by Moss Hart. He appeared alongside Red Buttons, Karl Malden, Kevin McCarthy, Gary Merrill, Barry Nelson, when the play was filmed in 1944, OBrien reprised his stage performance, co-starring with Judy Holliday. He toured in the production for two years, appearing alongside a young Mario Lanza, in 1948, OBrien signed a long term contract with Warner Bros, who cast him in the screen version of Lillian Hellmans Another Part of the Forest. This starred Fredric March who also appeared with OBrien in An Act of Murder and he was then cast as the undercover cop in White Heat opposite James Cagney. He said he had one rule, OBrien noted
5.
Jack Cardiff
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Jack Cardiff, OBE, BSC was a British cinematographer, director and photographer. His career spanned the development of cinema, from silent film and he was best known for his influential colour cinematography for directors such as Powell and Pressburger, Huston and Hitchcock. In 2000 he was awarded an OBE and in 2001 he was awarded an Honorary Oscar for his contribution to the cinema, Jack Cardiffs work is reviewed in detail in the documentary film, Cameraman, The Life and Work of Jack Cardiff. Cardiff was born in Great Yarmouth, Norfolk, the son of Florence and John Joseph Cardiff, music hall entertainers. He worked as an actor from an age, both in the music hall and in a number of silent films, My Son, My Son, Billys Rose, The Loves of Mary, Queen of Scots. At 15 he began working as an assistant, clapper boy and production runner for British International Pictures. In 1935, Cardiff graduated to camera operator and occasional cinematographer and he was the first to shoot a film in Britain in Technicolor, Wings of the Morning. When the war began he worked as a cinematographer on public information films and he did a number of films on India where the British wanted to showcase the new capital city of Delhi. Their collaboration continued with Black Narcissus, which won Cardiff an Oscar and a Golden Globe and these films put Cardiffs talents in high demand, and a string of big-budget films followed. In 1995, the British Society of Cinematographers conferred a lifetime achievement award on Cardiff, in the late 1950s Cardiff began to direct, with two modest successes in Intent to Kill and Web of Evidence. However, his 1960 adaptation of D. H. Lawrences novel Sons and Lovers, starring Trevor Howard, Wendy Hiller and Dean Stockwell, was a hit and it earned seven Oscar nominations and Freddie Francis won for Best Black-and-White Cinematography. Cardiff received a Golden Globe Award for Best Director, after concentrating on direction in the 1960s, he returned to cinematography in the 1970s and 1980s, working on mainstream commercial films in the United States. One of the last films Cardiff photographed was at Pinewood Studios in 2004 when he lit veteran actor Sir John Mills in a short entitled Lights 2, the combined age of leading actor and cinematographer was a record 186 years. A feature-length documentary was made about Cardiffs life and career, Cameraman, The Life and it took 17 years to make but wasnt completed or released until after Cardiffs death. It was chosen for the selection of Cannes Classics at the Festival de Cannes in 2010. Cardiff died of old age at 94 on 22 April 2009 and he was survived by his wife and his four sons. Cameraman, The Life and Work of Jack Cardiff was shown as part of the Great Yarmouth Arts Festival 2014 along with some of his photographs, further celebrations to mark his birth date took place in September – particularly at the Time and Tide Museum in Great Yarmouth. Jack Cardiff was the operator and then cinematographer for 73 films, documentaries
6.
United Artists
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United Artists is an American film and television entertainment studio. The studio was bought, sold and restructured over the ensuing century. On December 14 of the year, however, MGM acquired the 48% stake of UAMG it did not own. UA was incorporated as a joint venture on February 5,1919, by Pickford, Chaplin, Fairbanks, each held a 20% stake, with the remaining 20% held by lawyer William Gibbs McAdoo. The idea for the venture originated with Fairbanks, Chaplin, Pickford, already Hollywood veterans, the four stars talked of forming their own company to better control their own work. They were spurred on by established Hollywood producers and distributors who were tightening their control over salaries and creative decisions. With the addition of Griffith, planning began, but Hart bowed out before anything was formalized, when he heard about their scheme, Richard A. Rowland, head of Metro Pictures, is said to have observed, The inmates are taking over the asylum. The four partners, with advice from McAdoo, formed their distribution company and its headquarters was established at 729 Seventh Avenue in New York City. The original terms called for each of the stars to produce five pictures each year, UAs first film was a success. Without selling stock to the public, following the other studios, as a result, production was slow and the company distributed an annual average of five films during its first five years. By 1924 Griffith had dropped out and the company was facing a crisis, veteran producer Joseph Schenck was hired as president. He had been producing pictures for a decade, and he brought commitments for films starring his wife, Norma Talmadge, his sister-in-law, Constance Talmadge, contracts were signed with independent producers, most notably Samuel Goldwyn, and Howard Hughes. In 1933, Schenck organized a new company with Darryl F. Zanuck, called Twentieth Century Pictures, Schenck formed a separate partnership with Pickford and Chaplin to buy and build theaters under the United Artists name. They began international operations, first in Canada and then in Mexico, by the end of the 1930s, United Artists was represented in over 40 countries. When he was denied a share in 1935, Schenck resigned. He set up 20th Century Pictures merger with Fox Film Corporation to form 20th Century Fox, al Lichtman succeeded Schenck as company president. Other independent producers distributed through United Artists in the 1930s including, Walt Disney Productions, Alexander Korda, Hal Roach, David O. Selznick, as the years passed, and the dynamics of the business changed, these producing partners drifted away. Samuel Goldwyn Productions and Disney went to RKO, and Wanger to Universal Pictures, in the late 1930s, UA turned a profit
7.
Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a supporting role while working within the film industry. At the 9th Academy Awards ceremony held in 1937, Walter Brennan was the first winner of award for his role in Come. Initially, winners in both supporting acting categories were awarded instead of statuettes. Beginning with the 16th ceremony held in 1944, however, winners received full-sized statuettes, currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the actors branch of AMPAS, winners are selected by a plurality vote from the entire eligible voting members of the Academy. Since its inception, the award has given to 72 actors. Brennan has received the most awards in this category with three awards, Brennan, Jeff Bridges, Robert Duvall, Arthur Kennedy, Jack Nicholson, and Claude Rains were nominated on four occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Mahershala Ali is the most recent winner in category for his role as Juan in Moonlight. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. Toronto, Ontario, Canada, University of Toronto Press, ISBN 978-1-55002-574-3. org The Academy Awards Database Oscar. com Complete Downloadable List of Academy Award Nominees
8.
Warren Stevens
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Warren Albert Stevens was an American stage, screen, and television actor. Born in Clarks Summit, Pennsylvania, Stevens began his career after serving in the United States Army Air Corps as a pilot during World War II. A founding member of The Actors Studio in New York, Stevens received notice on Broadway in the late 1940s and his first Broadway role was in The Life of Galileo and his first movie role followed in The Frogmen. As a young studio contract player, Stevens had little choice of material, and he appeared in films that included Phone Call from a Stranger, Wait Till the Sun Shines, Nellie, and Gorilla at Large. A memorable movie role was that of the ill-fated Doc Ostrow in the fiction film Forbidden Planet. He also had a role in The Barefoot Contessa with Humphrey Bogart. Despite occasional parts in big films, Stevens was unable to break out consistently into A-list movies and he co-starred as Lt. William Storm in Tales of the 77th Bengal Lancers, a prime time adventure series set in India. Stevens also provided the voice of John Bracken in season one of Brackens World and he appeared in over 150 prime time shows from the 1950s to the early 1980s, including, Golden Age anthology series, Mysteries Hawaiian Eye, Perry Mason, The Untouchables, Climax. Checkmate, Surfside 6,77 Sunset Strip, Behind Closed Doors, I Spy, ironside, The Mod Squad, Cannon, Griff, Mission, Impossible. Stevens was a friend of actor Richard Basehart and helped him through a difficult divorce in the early 1960s. Stevens guest-starred in a few episodes of Baseharts ABC series, Voyage to the Bottom of the Sea and he also had a supporting role on another Irwin Allen production, The Return of Captain Nemo in 1978. In his later years, Stevens appearances were infrequent and he guest-starred in ER in March 2006 and had two roles in 2007. Stevens died on March 27,2012, from complications of disease in his home in Sherman Oaks, Los Angeles. He was survived by his three children, Doc Holidays Gold Bars Warren Stevens at the Internet Movie Database Warren Stevens at Find a Grave Warren Stevens at Memory Alpha
9.
Barefoot
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Barefoot is the most common term for the state of not wearing any footwear. Wearing shoes and keeping the feet protected against the environment has been the state in urbanized civilizations since early antiquity. This is particularly the case in urban surroundings, where going barefoot is rather unusual and these implications are frequently used for religious purposes, where they are deliberately sought out, but also translate to secular situations. Nowadays going barefoot normally happens by ones own choice while there are certain situations where it can be involuntary. Presently this can be the case in situations of imprisonment and formerly also enslavement and this is mostly done to put captives at a physical disadvantage against their keepers, to display their situational inferiority and also to humble or intimidate them. In the situations mentioned going barefoot is not optional and usually a permanent fixture the unfree person cannot dismiss or change on his or her own. While the forcibly barefooted individual is rendered much more vulnerable and susceptible to outside influences, this often results in varying degrees of physical and psychological discomfort. As a result, the person usually is constantly aware of being restricted in his or her freedom of action, in cases of captivity or imprisonment being barefooted is at this typically and entirely involuntary. It can therefore even involve a degree of reluctance against this circumstance. Wearing footwear is a human characteristic, however some animals held by humans are also issued with footwear, such as horses, more rarely dogs. There are health benefits and risks associated with going barefoot, however, shoes can limit the flexibility, strength and mobility of the foot and can lead to higher incidences of flexible flat foot, bunions, hammer toe and Mortons neuroma. There are many sports that are performed barefoot, most notably gymnastics and martial arts, in modern language, someone who tends not to wear shoes in public or is participating in the aforementioned sports may be described as a barefooter. People in ancient times, such as the Egyptians, Hindus and Greeks often went barefoot, the Egyptians and Hindus made some use of ornamental footwear, such as a soleless sandal known as a Cleopatra, which did not provide any practical protection for the foot. Athletes in the Ancient Olympic Games participated barefoot and generally unclothed, even the gods and heroes were primarily depicted barefoot, the hoplite warriors fought battles in bare feet, and Alexander the Great operated barefoot armies. The Romans, who conquered the Greeks and adopted many aspects of their culture, did not adopt the Greek perception of footwear. Roman clothing explicitly including footwear was seen as a sign of power and as a necessity of living in a civilized world, there are many references to shoes being worn in the Bible. During weddings of this period, a father would give his son-in-law a pair of shoes to symbolize the transfer of authority, going barefoot was seen as a marker of poverty and the lowest social class, as well as being the mark of a prisoner. In the 15th century, chopines were created in Turkey and were usually 7-8 inches high and these shoes became popular in Venice and throughout Europe as a status symbol revealing wealth and social standing
10.
Marius Goring
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Marius Goring, CBE was an English stage and film actor. He is most often remembered for the four films he made with Powell & Pressburger, particularly as Conductor 71 in A Matter of Life and Death and he regularly performed French and German roles. Goring was born in Newport, Isle of Wight, England and he first performed professionally in 1927. His early stage career included appearances at the Old Vic, Sadlers Wells, Stratford and several European tours, he was fluent in French and he first worked in the West End in a 1934 revival of Granville-Barkers The Voysey Inheritance at the Shaftesbury Theatre. During the 1930s, he played a variety of Shakespearean roles, including Feste in Twelfth Night, Macbeth and Romeo, in addition to Trip in Sheridans The School for Scandal. In 1929, he became a member of British Equity, the actors union, and became its president from 1963 to 1965. Gorings relationship with his union was fraught with conflict, he took it to litigation on three occasions, in 1992 he unsuccessfully sought to end the block on the sale of radio and television programmes to apartheid South Africa. In 1941, he married his wife, the actress Lucie Mannheim. She died in 1976, and the next year Goring married television producer Prudence Fitzgerald, simpson, and The Old Men at the Zoo. Gorings voice provides the narration of the sound and light show performed regularly in the evening at the Blue Mosque in Istanbul and he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Literature in 1979 and appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire in 1991. He died from cancer in 1998 aged 86, * Powell and Pressburger productions The British Film Institute profile Marius Goring at the Internet Movie Database
11.
Rossano Brazzi
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Rossano Brazzi was an Italian actor. Brazzi was born in Bologna, Italy, the son of Maria Ghedini and Adelmo Brazzi and he was named after Rossano Veneto, where his father was stationed during his military service in World War I. Brazzi attended San Marco University in Florence, Italy, where he was raised from the age of four and he made his film debut in 1939. He was propelled to fame with his role in the English-language film Three Coins in the Fountain, followed by the leading male role in David Leans Summertime. In 1958, he played the lead as Frenchman Emile De Becque in the Rodgers and his other notable English-language films include The Barefoot Contessa, The Story of Esther Costello, opposite Joan Crawford, Count Your Blessings, The Light in the Piazza, and The Italian Job. In 1940, Brazzi married baroness Lidia Bertolini to whom he was married until her death from cancer in 1981. However, he did father a son, George Llewellyn Brady, from a relationship with 20-year-old Llewella Humphreys, Llewella Humphreys later changed her name to Luella Brady, an anglicization of Brazzi. In 1984, Rossano Brazzi married Ilse Fischer, a German national, originally from Düsseldorf, Fischer had met Brazzi as an infatuated fan in Rome at the age of twenty-four. Brazzi died in Rome on Christmas Eve 1994, aged 78, Rossano Brazzi at the Internet Movie Database
12.
Valentina Cortese
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Valentina Cortese is an Italian actress. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for her performance in François Truffauts Day for Night, jackie Basehart died in Milan in 2015, predeceasing Cortese. She signed a contract with 20th Century Fox in 1948 and her final American film role was in When Time Ran Out
13.
Franco Interlenghi
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Franco Interlenghi was an Italian actor. He made his debut at 15 in Vittorio De Sicas 1946 Neorealist film Sciuscià. He has worked with directors such as Alessandro Blasetti in Fabiola. With his wife, Antonella Lualdi, he had two children, one of whom is actress Antonellina Interlenghi, franco Interlenghi died on 10 September 2015, aged 83. Franco Interlenghi at the Internet Movie Database
14.
Mari Aldon
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Mari Aldon was a Lithuanian-born American actress. After making her debut in a minor role in The Locket she gradually evolved to playing supporting or lead roles. Her most notable performance was starring opposite Gary Cooper in the 1951 Western Distant Drums, by the mid-1950s she was appearing either in B Pictures like the British thriller Mask of Dust or in supporting roles in more expensive films such as David Leans Summertime. After this point she worked largely in television and she was the wife of film director Tay Garnett. The Tanks Are Coming Distant Drums Tangier Incident Mask of Dust The Barefoot Contessa Summertime Aaker, mari Aldon at the Internet Movie Database
15.
Renato Chiantoni
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Renato Chiantoni was an Italian actor and voice actor. He appeared in 100 films between 1937 and 1978, born in Brescia, the son of the stage actor Amedeo, Chiantoni debuted on stage entering several drama and revue companies. He was later active as an actor of radio dramas and as a dubber, very active in films as a character actor since the 1930s, after the World War II Chiantoni also worked as a director of production and as a documentary director. Renato Chiantoni at the Internet Movie Database Renato Chiantoni at AllMovie
16.
Bill Fraser
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William Simpson Bill Fraser was a Scottish actor who appeared on stage, screen and television for many years. In 1986 he won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance for his role in the play When We Are Married. Fraser was born in Perth and educated at Strathallan School and he began his career as a clerk in a bank before beginning to act. In the early days when acting work was scarce, Fraser was often penniless, frequently sleeping rough on the Embankment in London. Just after the war a chance meeting in a London street led to Frasers giving Sykes his first work as a writer for radio comedy, Fraser is also credited with giving Peter Cushing his first acting job. Fraser often played irascible or belligerent characters on screen and had roles as a policeman. His first television appearance was on The Tony Hancock Show in 1956 and he then joined The Army Game as Sgt Claude Snudge, followed by a sequel called Bootsie and Snudge. He also played Snudge in the 1964 series Foreign Affairs, later comedic roles included parts in the TV dramatisation of The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, Aged 13¾ as well as Ripping Yarns, The Train Now Standing, The Corn is Green and Father, Dear Father. He also appeared in the comedy films The Amorous Milkman and Doctor at Large, the version of Love Thy Neighbour. Up the Front and Up the Chastity Belt and he had a recurring role on Rumpole of the Bailey as Judge Roger Bullingham, an unsympathetic judge privately nicknamed the Mad Bull by defence barrister Horace Rumpole. Frasers straight parts included Boanerges in The Apple Cart and Eddie Waters in Comedians and he also featured in the Doctor Who story Meglos in 1980, and appeared in the spin-off show K-9 and Company the following year. He appeared as Mr Micawber in the TV dramatisation of David Copperfield in 1966 and he played Serjeant Buzzfuzz in the TV musical Pickwick for the BBC in 1969, and his last role was as Mr Casby in the film version of Little Dorrit. Fraser also appeared in an advertisement for the Austin Metro. In 1985 he was cast as Bert Baxter in The Secret Diary of Adrian Mole, during those periods when Fraser was not acting, he ran a small sweetshop and tobacconists at Ilford Lane in Ilford, Essex. Bill Fraser played husband to Googie Withers in the Chichester Theatre production of Maughams The Circle and it transferred to the West End and played at the Haymarket, and then toured Britain. Also in the cast were Susan Hampshire and John McCallum, who was married to Googie Withers, in 1986 he won the Laurence Olivier Award for Best Comedy Performance for his stage role in the play When We Are Married. He died from emphysema in Bushey, Hertfordshire, aged 79, leaving a widow, the actress Pamela Cundell, performances listed in the Theatre Archive, University of Bristol Rotten Tomatoes Bill Fraser at the Internet Movie Database
17.
Tonio Selwart
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Antonio Franz Theus Tonio Selmair-Selwart was a Bavarian actor and stage performer. Selwart was born in Wartenberg, Bavaria, Germany, and raised in Munich, after studying medicine like his father, he decided instead to become an actor, following a lifelong interest in theater. Selwart thereafter studied acting and appeared in plays throughout Europe. After further honing his skills as a director, Selwart decided to try his luck in the United States of America. His luck panned out in New York City, where he landed the part in Lawrence Langners. The comedy proved to be his first big success in America, running from 1933 to 1934, and made him, as he put it. Riding high on this success, Selwart decided to emigrate permanently, Selwart was himself an officer and fought in World War I on the Austro-Hungarian side, as a lieutenant in the cavalry. He derived his nickname Tonio from his first name and from his family background – his parents were Austrian, and he had an Italian grandmother. His wife, Claire Volkhart, a painter and sculptor, died in Germany in 1935 and his companion, Ilse Jennings. He died at the age of 106 in New York City, Selwart made a total of 21 film appearances. His debut was in Fritz Langs Hangmen Also Die. as a Nazi Gestapo chief, in the 1954 feature The Barefoot Contessa he appeared as the Pretender King, with Ava Gardner and Humphrey Bogart. His last film appearance, The Other Side of the Wind for Orson Welles, is still unreleased, the film was reportedly left largely unedited when Welles died in 1985, Selwart as well as other cast and crew members had to be dismissed because of lack of funds. Even after the film was considered finished, the Iranian producers refused to release it, according to Welles in a letter to Selwart, it contains an excellent performance by this actor as the Baron. Selwart was much concerned that this song of his had never been released and even in 1992, at the age of 95. This was not only because of his age but because of his loss of sight. C. While he played supporting roles in English-language cinema, Selwart starred in Italian and French films, including Lupo della Frontiere, during the 1950s. He also made a speaking part appearance in Luchino Viscontis Italian film Senso in 1954, at the beginning opera house scene. He spoke fluent Italian, English and French, which helped him with roles in several countries, Selwart appeared on stage around the country and in Canada
18.
Bessie Love
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Bessie Love, born Juanita Horton, was an American motion picture actress who achieved prominence mainly in the silent films and early talkies. With a small frame and delicate features, she played innocent young girls, flappers and her performance in The Broadway Melody earned her a nomination for the Academy Award for Best Actress. Bessie Love was born Juanita Horton in Midland, Texas and she attended school in Midland until she was in the eighth grade, when her chiropractor father moved his family to Arizona, New Mexico, and then to Hollywood. On actor Tom Mixs recommendation that she get into pictures, Loves mother sent her to Biograph Studios, Griffith, who introduced Bessie Love to films, also gave the actress her screen name. He gave her a role in his film Intolerance. Love dropped out of Los Angeles High School to pursue her film career, in her early career, she was often compared to Mary Pickford, even called Our Mary by D. W. Griffith. Love took a role in the management of her career. Duffy, the editor of Picture-Play Magazine, and publicizing herself by playing the ukulele. Even glowing reviews of her films criticized the venues in which they were shown, in 1922, Love was selected one of the WAMPAS Baby Stars. In 1923, she starred in Human Wreckage with Dorothy Davenport, as her roles got larger, so did her popularity. Because of her performance in The King on Main Street, Love is credited with being the first person to dance the Charleston on film and her technique was documented in instructional guides, including a series of photographs by Edward Steichen. She subsequently performed the dance the following year in The Song and she starred in The Lost World, a science fiction adventure based on the novel of the same name by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle. Three years later she starred in The Matinee Idol, a comedy directed by a young Frank Capra. Love successfully transitioned to talkies, and in 1929 she was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Actress for The Broadway Melody and she appeared in several other early musicals, including The Hollywood Revue of 1929, Chasing Rainbows, Good News, and They Learned About Women. However, by 1932, her American film career was in decline and she moved to England in 1935 and did stage work and occasional films there. Love briefly returned to the United States in 1936 to seek a divorce and she also worked for the American Red Cross. After the war, she resumed work on the stage and played roles in films—often as an American tourist. Stage work included such productions as Love in Idleness and Born Yesterday and she wrote and performed in The Homecoming, a semiautobiographical play, which had its opening in Perth, Scotland in 1958
19.
Turner Classic Movies
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Turner Classic Movies is an American movie-oriented basic cable and satellite television network owned by the Turner Broadcasting System subsidiary of Time Warner. TCM is headquartered at the Techwood Campus in Atlanta, Georgias Midtown business district, historically, the channels programming consisted mainly of featured classic theatrically released feature films from the Turner Entertainment film library – which comprises films from Warner Bros. However, TCM now has licensing deals with other Hollywood film studios as well as its Time Warner sister company, Warner Bros. and occasionally shows more recent films. The channel is available in United States, Canada, United Kingdom, Ireland, Latin America, France, Spain, Nordic countries, Middle East, Africa and Asia-Pacific. In 1986, eight years before the launch of Turner Classic Movies, concerns over Turner Entertainments corporate debt load resulted in Turner selling the studio that October back to Kirk Kerkorian, from whom Turner had purchased the studio less than a year before. As part of the deal, Turner Entertainment retained ownership of MGMs library of films released up to May 9,1986, Turner Broadcasting System was split into two companies, Turner Broadcasting System and Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and reincorporated as MGM/UA Communications Co. The film library of Turner Entertainment would serve as the form of programming for TCM upon the networks launch. After the library was acquired, MGM/UA signed a deal with Turner to continue distributing the pre-May 1986 MGM and to begin distributing the pre-1950 Warner Bros. film libraries for video release. Turner Classic Movies debuted on April 14,1994, at 6,00 p. m. Eastern Time, the date and time were chosen for their historical significance as the exact centennial anniversary of the first public movie showing in New York City. The first movie broadcast on TCM was the 1939 film Gone with the Wind, at the time of its launch, TCM was available to approximately one million cable television subscribers. AMC had broadened its content to feature colorized and more recent films by 2002. In the early 90s AMC abandoned its format, leaving TCM as the only movie-oriented cable channel to devote its programming entirely to classic films without commercial interruption. In 1996, Turner Broadcasting System merged with Time Warner, which besides placing Turner Classic Movies, in March 1999, MGM paid Warner Bros. and gave up the home video rights to the MGM/UA films owned by Turner to Warner Home Video. In 2008, TCM won a Peabody Award for excellence in broadcasting, in April 2010, Turner Classic Movies held the first TCM Classic Film Festival, an event – now held annually – at the Graumans Chinese Theater and the Graumans Egyptian Theater in Hollywood. In 2007, some of the films featured on TCM were made available for streaming on TCMs website. The networks programming season runs from February until the following March of each year when a retrospective of Oscar-winning and Oscar-nominated movies is shown, called 31 Days of Oscar. Turner Classic Movies presents many of its features in their original aspect ratio whenever possible – widescreen films broadcast on TCM are letterboxed on the standard definition feed. TCM also regularly presents widescreen presentations of films not available in the format on any video release
20.
Rita Hayworth
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Rita Hayworth was an American actress and dancer. She achieved fame during the 1940s as one of the top stars. The press coined the term love goddess to describe Hayworth after she had become the most glamorous screen idol of the 1940s and she was the top pin-up girl for GIs during World War II. Hayworth is perhaps best known for her performance in the 1946 film noir, Gilda, opposite Glenn Ford, Fred Astaire, with whom she made two films, called her his favorite dance partner. Her greatest success was in the Technicolor musical Cover Girl, with Gene Kelly and she is listed as one of the top-25 female motion picture stars of all time in the American Film Institutes survey, AFIs 100 Years.100 Stars. In 1980, Hayworth was diagnosed with Alzheimers disease, which contributed to her death at age 68, the public disclosure and discussion of her illness drew attention to Alzheimers, and helped to increase public and private funding for Alzheimers research. Hayworth was born in Brooklyn, New York, in 1918 as Margarita Carmen Cansino and her father, Eduardo Cansino, Sr. was from Castilleja de la Cuesta, a little town near Seville, Spain. Her mother, Volga Hayworth, was an American of Irish-English descent who had performed with the Ziegfeld Follies and they also had two sons, Eduardo Cansino, Jr. and Vernon Cansino. Margaritas father wanted her to become a dancer, while her mother hoped she would become an actress. Her paternal grandfather, Antonio Cansino, was renowned as a Spanish classical dancer and he popularized the bolero, and his dancing school in Madrid was world-famous. Hayworth later recalled, From the time I was three and a half … as soon as I could stand on my own feet, I was given dance lessons. She noted I didnt like it very much … but I didnt have the courage to tell my father, rehearse, rehearse, rehearse, that was my girlhood. She attended dance classes every day for a few years in a Carnegie Hall complex and she performed publicly from the age of six. In 1926 at the age of eight, she was featured in La Fiesta, in 1927, her father took the family to Hollywood. He believed that dancing could be featured in the movies and that his family could be part of it and he established his own dance studio, where he taught such stars as James Cagney and Jean Harlow. During the Great Depression, he lost all his investments as commercial interest in his dancing classes waned, in 1931, Eduardo Cansino partnered with his 12-year-old daughter to form an act called the Dancing Cansinos. Since under California law Margarita was too young to work in nightclubs and bars, her father took her with him to work across the border in Tijuana, in the early 1930s, it was a popular tourist spot for people from Los Angeles. Because she was working, Cansino never graduated high school
21.
Prince Aly Khan
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Prince Ali Salman Aga Khan, known as Aly Khan, was a son of Sultan Mahommed Shah, Aga Khan III, the leader of the Nizārī Ismāīlī Muslims, a sect of Shia Islam, and the father of Aga Khan IV. A socialite, racehorse owner and jockey, he was the husband of actress Rita Hayworth. After being passed over for succession as Aga Khan, he served as the Permanent Representative of Pakistan to the United Nations and his first name was typically spelled Aly in the press. Aly Khan was born in Turin, Italy, the son and only surviving child of the Aga Khan III. His father was born in Karachi, British India and his paternal grandfather was born in Iran. He had two brothers, Prince Giuseppe Mahdi Aga Khan and, by his fathers marriage, Sadruddin Aga Khan. Aly Khan was educated by tutors in India and France during his childhood. He later trained in England as a lawyer, in 1939, Prince Aly Aga Khan joined the French Foreign Legion and served with its cavalry division in Egypt and the Middle East. In 1940, he joined the Royal Wiltshire Yeomanry, becoming a lieutenant colonel in 1944 and he also was awarded the Croix de Guerre and the United States Bronze Star Medal. Prince Aly Khan was installed as the 1st Colonel of the Regiment of the newly raised 4 Cavalry Regiment, Pakistani Army in a ceremony during 1957. In November,1957, Aly Khan met President Iskander Mirza of Pakistan and was offered a post as the countrys Ambassador to the United Nations, the formal announcement of the appointment was made on February 6,1958. He was elected a president of the United Nations General Assembly on 17 September 1958. He married his first wife the Hon. Joan Barbara Guinness and she was the former wife of Group Capt. Thomas Loel Guinness, a member of Parliament, and a daughter of the 3rd Baron Churston. The wedding took place in Paris on 18 May 1936, a few days after Joan Guinnesss divorce became absolute, before the wedding, the bride converted to Islam and took the name Tajuddawlah. Joan was a sane and solid girl, and I thought if I married her and he had been named co-respondent in the Guinness vs. The case was uncontested, and Aly Khan was ordered to pay all costs, the couples first child, Prince Karim, was born in Geneva, seven months later, they also had a second son, Prince Amyn Muhammad Aga Khan. By this marriage, he had a stepson, Patrick Guinness and they divorced in 1949, in part due to his extramarital affairs with, among others, Pamela Churchill. After the divorce, Princess Tajuddawlah became the mistress and eventual wife of the newspaper magnate Seymour Berry
22.
Tabu: A Story of the South Seas
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Tabu, A Story of the South Seas, sometimes simply called Tabu, is a 1931 silent film directed by F. W. Murnau, a docufiction. The film is split into two chapters, the first, called Paradise, depicts the lives of two lovers on a South Seas island until they are forced to escape the island when the girl is chosen as a holy maid to the gods. The second chapter, Paradise Lost, depicts the life on a colonised island. The title of the film comes from the Polynesian concept of tapu, the films story was written by Robert J. Flaherty and F. W. Murnau, with the exception of the opening scene, the film was directed solely by Murnau. This was his last film, he died in the hospital after an accident on March 11,1931. Cinematographer Floyd Crosby won an Academy Award for Best Cinematography for his work on this film, aged emissary Hitu arrives by Western sailing ship to the island of Bora Bora, a small island in the South Pacific, on an important mission. From this point on, she is tabu, man must not touch her or cast upon her the eye of desire upon penalty of death and this is painful news to Reri and the young man Matahi, who love each other. That night, he sneaks her off the ship, and the escape the island by outrigger canoe. Eventually, they reach a French colony, half dead and they recover quickly, and Matahi becomes the communitys most successful pearl diver. They are happy with their new life together, however, Matahi is unfamiliar with the concept of money, so he does not understand the bills he signs for drinks for everyone during a celebration. The local policeman receives a notice from the French government announcing a reward for the return of the couple, then, Hitu arrives on the island and sees Reri alone, informing her that she has three days to give herself up or Matahi will be put to death. Without telling Matahi of her meeting with Hitu, Reri decides they must flee once more, however, when Matahi goes to buy tickets on a schooner, the shopkeepers instead take the money as partial payment of his debt. That night, Hitu returns with a spear, Reri first throws herself in front of the sleeping Matahi, then agrees to return to Bora Bora to save his life. When Matahi stirs, Reri pretends to be asleep, Matahi gets up and decides to get money by getting a pearl from a tabu region of the lagoon, a perilous place guarded by a shark that has already taken the life of one diver. While he is away, Reri writes a note. Matahi manages to get a pearl while fending off the shark, when he returns, however, he finds the note. He manages to grab a rope trailing from the boat, unbeknownst to the sleeping Reri, undaunted, Matahi continues swimming after them until he eventually tires and drowns. According to an intertitle at the beginning, only native-born South Sea islanders appear in this picture with a few half-castes and Chinese
23.
Rome
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Rome is a special comune and the capital of Italy. Rome also serves as the capital of the Lazio region, with 2,873,598 residents in 1,285 km2, it is also the countrys largest and most populated comune and fourth-most populous city in the European Union by population within city limits. It is the center of the Metropolitan City of Rome, which has a population of 4.3 million residents, the city is located in the central-western portion of the Italian Peninsula, within Lazio, along the shores of the Tiber. Romes history spans more than 2,500 years, while Roman mythology dates the founding of Rome at only around 753 BC, the site has been inhabited for much longer, making it one of the oldest continuously occupied sites in Europe. The citys early population originated from a mix of Latins, Etruscans and it was first called The Eternal City by the Roman poet Tibullus in the 1st century BC, and the expression was also taken up by Ovid, Virgil, and Livy. Rome is also called the Caput Mundi, due to that, Rome became first one of the major centres of the Italian Renaissance, and then the birthplace of both the Baroque style and Neoclassicism. Famous artists, painters, sculptors and architects made Rome the centre of their activity, in 1871 Rome became the capital of the Kingdom of Italy, and in 1946 that of the Italian Republic. Rome has the status of a global city, Rome ranked in 2014 as the 14th-most-visited city in the world, 3rd most visited in the European Union, and the most popular tourist attraction in Italy. Its historic centre is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site, monuments and museums such as the Vatican Museums and the Colosseum are among the worlds most visited tourist destinations with both locations receiving millions of tourists a year. Rome hosted the 1960 Summer Olympics and is the seat of United Nations Food, however, it is a possibility that the name Romulus was actually derived from Rome itself. As early as the 4th century, there have been alternate theories proposed on the origin of the name Roma. There is archaeological evidence of occupation of the Rome area from approximately 14,000 years ago. Evidence of stone tools, pottery and stone weapons attest to about 10,000 years of human presence, several excavations support the view that Rome grew from pastoral settlements on the Palatine Hill built above the area of the future Roman Forum. Between the end of the age and the beginning of the Iron age. However, none of them had yet an urban quality, nowadays, there is a wide consensus that the city was gradually born through the aggregation of several villages around the largest one, placed above the Palatine. All these happenings, which according to the excavations took place more or less around the mid of the 8th century BC. Despite recent excavations at the Palatine hill, the view that Rome has been indeed founded with an act of will as the legend suggests in the middle of the 8th century BC remains a fringe hypothesis. Traditional stories handed down by the ancient Romans themselves explain the earliest history of their city in terms of legend and myth
24.
Italy
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Italy, officially the Italian Republic, is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino, Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 and has a largely temperate seasonal climate and Mediterranean climate. Due to its shape, it is referred to in Italy as lo Stivale. With 61 million inhabitants, it is the fourth most populous EU member state, the Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. The legacy of the Roman Empire is widespread and can be observed in the distribution of civilian law, republican governments, Christianity. The Renaissance began in Italy and spread to the rest of Europe, bringing a renewed interest in humanism, science, exploration, Italian culture flourished at this time, producing famous scholars, artists and polymaths such as Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo, Michelangelo and Machiavelli. The weakened sovereigns soon fell victim to conquest by European powers such as France, Spain and Austria. Despite being one of the victors in World War I, Italy entered a period of economic crisis and social turmoil. The subsequent participation in World War II on the Axis side ended in defeat, economic destruction. Today, Italy has the third largest economy in the Eurozone and it has a very high level of human development and is ranked sixth in the world for life expectancy. The country plays a prominent role in regional and global economic, military, cultural and diplomatic affairs, as a reflection of its cultural wealth, Italy is home to 51 World Heritage Sites, the most in the world, and is the fifth most visited country. The assumptions on the etymology of the name Italia are very numerous, according to one of the more common explanations, the term Italia, from Latin, Italia, was borrowed through Greek from the Oscan Víteliú, meaning land of young cattle. The bull was a symbol of the southern Italic tribes and was often depicted goring the Roman wolf as a defiant symbol of free Italy during the Social War. Greek historian Dionysius of Halicarnassus states this account together with the legend that Italy was named after Italus, mentioned also by Aristotle and Thucydides. The name Italia originally applied only to a part of what is now Southern Italy – according to Antiochus of Syracuse, but by his time Oenotria and Italy had become synonymous, and the name also applied to most of Lucania as well. The Greeks gradually came to apply the name Italia to a larger region, excavations throughout Italy revealed a Neanderthal presence dating back to the Palaeolithic period, some 200,000 years ago, modern Humans arrived about 40,000 years ago. Other ancient Italian peoples of undetermined language families but of possible origins include the Rhaetian people and Cammuni. Also the Phoenicians established colonies on the coasts of Sardinia and Sicily, the Roman legacy has deeply influenced the Western civilisation, shaping most of the modern world
25.
Tivoli, Lazio
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Tivoli is a town and comune in Lazio, central Italy, about 30 kilometres east-north-east of Rome, at the falls of the Aniene river where it issues from the Sabine hills. The city offers a view over the Roman Campagna. Catillus and his three sons Tiburtus, Coras, and Catillus drove out the Siculi from the Aniene plateau, according to a more historical account, Tibur was instead a colony of Alba Longa. Historical traces of settlement in the date back to the 13th century BC. The citys name may share a root with the river Tiber. Virgil in his Aeneid makes Coras and the younger Catillus twin brothers, from Etruscan times Tibur, a Sabine city, was the seat of the Tiburtine Sibyl. In the nearby woods, Faunus had a sacred grove, at first an independent ally of Rome, Tibur allied itself with the Gauls in 361 BC. Vestiges remain of its walls of this period, in opus quadratum. In 338 BC, however, Tibur was defeated and absorbed by the Romans, the city acquired Roman citizenship in 90 BC and became a resort area famed for its beauty and its good water, and was enriched by many Roman villas. The most famous one, of which the ruins remain, is the Villa Adriana, maecenas and Augustus also had villas at Tibur, and the poet Horace had a modest villa, he and Catullus and Statius all mention Tibur in their poems. In 273, Zenobia, the queen of Palmyra, was assigned a residence here by the Emperor Aurelian. The 2nd-century temple of Hercules Victor is being excavated, the present Piazza del Duomo occupies the Roman forum. The name of the city came to be used in form as Tiburi instead of Tibur and so transformed through Tibori to Tiboli. But its inhabitants are still called Tiburtini and not Tivolesi, in 547, in the course of the Gothic War, the city was fortified by the Byzantine general Belisarius, but was later destroyed by Totilas army. After the end of the war it became a Byzantine duchy, after Italy was conquered by Charlemagne, Tivoli was under the authority of a count, representing the emperor. From the 10th century onwards Tivoli, as an independent commune governed by its elected consuls, was the fiercest rival of Rome in the struggle for the control over the impoverished central Lazio, Emperor Otto III conquered it in 1001, and Tivoli fell under the papal control. Reminders of the turbulence of communal life are the tower houses that may be seen in Vicolo dei Ferri, Via di Postera, Via del Seminario. In the 13th century Rome imposed a tribute on the city, in the 14th century Tivoli sided with the Guelphs and strongly supported Urban VI against Antipope Clement VII
26.
Sanremo
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Sanremo or San Remo is a city on the Mediterranean coast of western Liguria in north-western Italy. Founded in Roman times, it has a population of 57,000 and it hosts numerous cultural events, such as the Sanremo Music Festival and the Milan–San Remo cycling classic. The name of the city is a contraction of SantEremo di San Romolo, which refers to Romulus of Genoa. It is often stated in modern folk stories that Sanremo is a translation of Saint Remus, in Ligurian, his name is San Rœmu. The spelling San Remo is on all ancient maps of Liguria, the ancient Republic of Genoa, Italy in the Middle Ages, the Kingdom of Sardinia, and it was used in 1924 in official documents under Mussolini. This form of the name appears still on road signs and, more rarely. It has been the most widely used form of the name in English at least since the 19th century, once the Roman settlement of Matutia or Villa Matutiana, Sanremo expanded in the Early Middle Ages when the population moved to the high grounds. The nobility built a castle and the village of La Pigna to protect the town from Saracen raids. At first subjected to the countship of Ventimiglia, the community later passed under the dominion of the Genoese bishops, in 1297 they sold it to the Doria and De Mari families. It became a town in the second half of the 15th century, after which it expanded to the Pigna hill. The almost perfectly preserved old village remains, Sanremo remained independent from Genoese Republic. In 1753, after 20 years of conflicts, it rose against Genoese hegemonical attempts. At that time the latter polity built the fortress of Santa Tecla, the fortress was used as a prison until 2002. It is now being transformed into a museum, after the French domination and the Savoy restoration in 1814, Sanremo was annexed to the Kingdom of Sardinia. From the middle of the 18th century the town grew rapidly, in due to the development of tourism, which saw the first grand hotels built. The Empress Sissi of Austria, Empress Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, the most notable of these was the British Mandate of Palestine. Sanremo is the home of International Institute of Humanitarian Law, the most notable institute in courses about refugees, sanremos Mediterranean climate and attractive seacoast setting on the Italian Riviera make it a popular tourist destination. Besides tourism, the city is active in the production of extra virgin-grade olive oil and it is one of the agricultural commodities in western Liguria and in particular within the province of Imperia
27.
Portofino
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Portofino is an Italian fishing village and vacation resort famous for its picturesque harbour and historical association with celebrity and artistic visitors. It is a located in the Metropolitan City of Genoa on the Italian Riviera. The town is clustered around its harbour, and is known for the colourfully painted buildings that line the shore. According to Pliny the Elder, Portofino was founded by the Romans and named Portus Delphini, or Port of the Dolphin, the village is mentioned in a diploma from 986 by Adelaide of Italy, which assigned it to the nearby Abbey of San Fruttuoso di Capodimonte. In 1171, together with the neighbouring Santa Margherita Ligure, it was included in Rapallos commune jurisdiction, after 1229 it was part of the Republic of Genoa. The towns natural harbour supported a fleet of fishing boats, but was too cramped to provide more than a temporary safe haven for the growing merchant marine of the Republic of Genoa. In 1409 Portofino was sold to the Republic of Florence by Charles VI of France, in the 15th century it was a fief of families such as the Fieschi, Spinola, Adorno, and Doria. In 1815 it became part of the Kingdom of Sardinia and, from 1861, in the late 19th century, first British, then other Northern European aristocratic tourists began to visit Portofino, which they reached by horse and cart from Santa Margherita Ligure. Aubrey Herbert and Elizabeth von Arnim were amongst the more famous English people to make the area fashionable, eventually more expatriates built expensive vacation houses, and by 1950 tourism had supplanted fishing as the towns chief industry, and the waterfront was a continuous ring of restaurants and cafés. Statue of Christ of the Abyss, placed underwater on 29 August 1954 in the inlet at a depth of 17 metres and this statue was placed to protect fishermen and scuba divers and in memory of Dario Gonzatti. Sculpted by Guido Galletti, it represents Christ in the act of blessing while looking up towards the sky with open arms in sign of peace, church of St. George, housing some saints relics. Oratory of Santa Maria Assunta, in Gothic style, Portofino is often thought to be the inspiration for Sir Clough Williams-Ellis Italianate village named Portmeirion, built between 1925 and 1975, in north Wales. However, this was denied by the architect. He stated only that he wanted to pay tribute to the atmosphere of the Mediterranean and he did, however, draw on a love of the Italian village, stating How should I not have fallen for Portofino. Indeed its image remained with me as an almost perfect example of the man-made adornment, Portofino became famous in the 1950s with the song Love In Portofino which was written by Leo Chiosso and composed by Fred Buscaglione, and released on 12 May 1958. Fred Buscaglione was also the first singer to perform it, Portofino is the eponym of Frank Schaeffers Portofino, A Novel. It was the first of Schaeffers Calvin Becker Trilogy, Portofino is one of the shooting locations of the 1995 Antonioni / Wenders film, Beyond the Clouds. There is a replication, in authentic detail, of the Portofino Bay at Universal Orlando Resort in Orlando, USA
28.
Hollywood on the Tiber
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As opposed to the native Italian film industry, these films were made in English for global release. Although the primary markets for such films were American and British audiences, the commercial success of Quo Vadis led to a stream of blockbusters produced in Italy by Hollywood studios, which reached its height with 20th Century Foxs Cleopatra in 1963. The term was coined in 1950 by Time Magazine during the making of Quo Vadis, the phrase refers to the Tiber, a river that runs through Rome. Following World War II, Hollywood studios increasingly shifted production abroad both to take advantage of lower costs and to use frozen funds and these films, known as runaway productions, could also benefit from local subsidies. By the early 1950s, some of the largest-budget American films were being shot in European countries, particularly in Britain, in both countries newly arrived American companies worked alongside continuing large-scale domestic film industries. In Italy, the film-makers used the vast Cinecittà complex which had built in the 1930s by Benito Mussolinis Fascist regime which was aiming to rebuild Italian cinema. Following Mussolinis overthrow in 1943, production at Cinecittà was suspended, although American companies had shot in Italy before the scale of the post-war investment was unprecedented. Many of the films were sword and sandal epics, often set in Ancient Rome which required large film sets, other films included contemporary-set romances Roman Holiday and Three Coins in the Fountain. The companies imported actors from a variety of countries, who appeared alongside Italians who generally played smaller, sophia Loren was a notable Italian star with sufficient international appeal to be cast in a leading role. In 1962 the lengthy and troubled production of Cleopatra brought further attention to the city. The delays led to a budget, making it the most expensive film ever made at the time. Far from leading to a decline in Italian cinema, the industry boomed during the era. In 1960 Italian films outperformed American imports to Italy for the first time since 1946, Italian actors and directors often adopted English-sounding names. Cinecittà was at the peak of its international fame between the production of Ben Hur and Cleopatra, in 2009 a documentary film Hollywood on the Tiber was released. It portrays Cinecittà and the stars who worked there between 1950 and 1970. The Foreign Film Renaissance on American Screens, 1946–1973, univ of Wisconsin Press,5 Nov 2010. Mussolinis Dream Factory, Film Stardom in Fascist Italy, the Death of Classical Cinema, Hitchcock, Lang, Minnelli. Broken Time, Fragmented Space, A Cultural Map for Postwar Italy
29.
Mad (magazine)
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Mad is an American humor magazine founded in 1952 by editor Harvey Kurtzman and publisher William Gaines, launched as a comic book before it became a magazine. As of January 2017, Mad has published 544 regular issues, as well as hundreds of reprint Specials, original material paperbacks, compilation books and other print projects. The magazine is the last surviving title from the EC Comics line, offering satire on all aspects of life and popular culture, politics, entertainment and its format is divided into a number of recurring segments such as TV and movie parodies, as well as freeform articles. Mads mascot, Alfred E. Neuman, is typically the point of the magazines cover. Mad began as a book published by EC, debuting in August 1952. In the early 1960s, the Mad office moved to 485 Madison Avenue, the title is trademarked in capitals as MAD. The first issue was written almost entirely by Harvey Kurtzman, and featured illustrations by Kurtzman, along with Wally Wood, Will Elder, Jack Davis, Wood, Elder, and Davis were the three main illustrators throughout the 23-issue run of the comic book. To retain Kurtzman as its editor, the comic book converted to magazine format as of issue #24, the switchover only induced Kurtzman to remain for one more year, but crucially, the move had removed Mad from the strictures of the Comics Code Authority. The magazines circulation more than quadrupled during Feldsteins tenure, peaking at 2,132,655 in 1974, when Feldstein retired in 1984, he was replaced by the team of Nick Meglin and John Ficarra, who co-edited Mad for the next two decades. Since Meglins retirement in 2004, Ficarra has continued to edit the magazine, Gaines sold his company in the early 1960s to the Kinney Parking Company, which also acquired National Periodicals and Warner Bros. by the end of that decade. Gaines was named a Kinney board member, and was permitted to run Mad as he saw fit without corporate interference. Following Gaines death, Mad became more ingrained within the Time Warner corporate structure, eventually, the magazine was obliged to abandon its long-time home at 485 Madison Avenue, and in the mid-1990s it moved into DC Comics offices at the same time that DC relocated to 1700 Broadway. In 2001, the magazine broke its long-standing taboo and began running paid advertising, the outside revenue allowed the introduction of color printing and improved paper stock. In its earliest incarnation, new issues of the magazine appeared erratically, by the end of 1958, Mad had settled on an unusual eight-times-a-year schedule, which lasted almost four decades. Gaines felt the timing was necessary to maintain the magazines level of quality. Mad then began producing additional issues, until it reached a monthly schedule with the January 1997 issue. With its 500th issue, amid company-wide cutbacks at Time Warner, though there are antecedents to Mads style of humor in print, radio and film, Mad became a pioneering example of it. Bob and Ray, Kovacs and Freberg all became contributors to Mad, Mads consciousness of itself, as trash, as comic book, as enemy of parents and teachers, even as money-making enterprise, thrilled kids
30.
Food Network
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Food Network is an American basic cable and satellite television channel that is owned by Television Food Network, G. P. A joint venture between Scripps Networks Interactive and the Tribune Cable Ventures Inc, despite this ownership structure, the channel is managed as a division of Scripps Networks Interactive. The channel airs both specials and regular episodic programs about food and cooking, in addition to its headquarters in New York City, Food Network has offices in Atlanta, Los Angeles, San Francisco, Chicago, Detroit, Jersey City, Cincinnati, and Knoxville, Tennessee. As of February 2015, Food Network is available to approximately 96,931,000 pay television households in the United States. Food Network was founded on April 19,1993 as TV Food Network and was launched on November 22 of that year, its name remains Television Food Network. Within a few years, the network had shortened its brand name by removing the TV from its name. It was developed by Reese Schonfeld, under the direction of Providence Journal president Trygve Myrhen, the network was initially launched as a preview in September 1993 with two initial shows featuring David Rosengarten, Donna Hanover, and Robin Leach. Schonfeld, who was also a partner in the company, was appointed as managing director of TV Food Network and maintained a spot on its management board along with two Providence Journal employees. The original lineup for the network included Emeril Lagasse, Debbi Fields, Donna Hanover, David Rosengarten, Curtis Aikens, Dr. Louis Arrone, Jacques Pépin, the following year, the network acquired the rights to the Julia Child library from WGBH. In 1995, Schonfeld resigned as managing director of the network, but remained on its board until 1998, in fact, in 1997, it was the second fastest growing cable network. Greg Willis and Cathy Rasenberger were the two of the members of the start-up team who led the affiliate sales and marketing of the company from 1995 to 1998. Greg Willis served as vice president of worldwide distribution until he left to join Liberty Media in 1998. The A. H. Belo Corporation acquired Food Network when it purchased The Providence Journal Company in 1996, Myrhen left the Journal Company the following year. Belo sold the network to the E. W. Scripps Company in 1997, in a deal that resulted in Belo acquiring the television-radio station combination of KENS-AM/TV in San Antonio. In March 2009, the Food Network launched a repurposed Food. com as a site that allows users to aggregate. The 1080i high definition simulcast feed of Food Network launched on March 31,2008, Food Network was first launched outside of North America in the United Kingdom on November 9,2009, and in Asia on July 5,2010. Since the UK launch on November 9,2009 on Sky, Food Network programming is divided into a daytime block known as Food Network in the Kitchen and a primetime lineup branded as Food Network Nighttime. Promos identify Food Network Nighttime programming but not In the Kitchen daytime programming, Food Network airs infomercials on Sundays from 4,00 to 9,30 a. m
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Barefoot Contessa
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Barefoot Contessa is an American cooking show that premiered November 30,2002 on Food Network. Hosted by celebrity chef Ina Garten, each episode features Garten assembling dishes of varying complexity, though her specialty is French cuisine, she occasionally prepares American, Asian, British and Italian foods. Her show also gives tips on decorating and entertaining, the store, which is no longer in operation, opened in 1975 and was named after the 1954 film of the same name. She sold the store to the prior to its closure. Gartens show features the preparation of a meal, usually for her close friends, colleagues or husband. Her recipes often include fresh herbs, which she hand-harvests from her backyard garden, table settings include both simple and elegant dishes, and are often accompanied by her own flowers or those brought in by Michael Grim, a friend and local florist who is frequently on the show. Garten deconstructs complex French recipes like boeuf bourguignon or Baba au Rhum cake and she focuses on preparing foods efficiently, allowing more time to spend with guests. The show is recorded in Gartens home in East Hampton, New York and features fast-moving camera shots. In 2011, ABC News revealed that Ina Garten had turned down the wish of a seriously ill boy to visit her Food Network show, the child had asked Make-A-Wish two times to grant him his dying wish of meeting her on the set of her show. Both requests were denied, which Garten claims was an oversight, in her defense, Garten stated that she works with and donates to many charities, including the Make-A-Wish Foundation, and receives more than 100 requests per month. After the ensuing media attention, Garten did invite the boy to meet her on the show, Barefoot Contessa on The Food Network Barefoot Contessa in the UK Official website Barefoot Contessa at the Internet Movie Database
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Riptide (U.S. TV series)
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Riptide is an American TV detective series that ran on NBC from January 3,1984 to August 22,1986, starring Perry King, Joe Penny, and Thom Bray. The series was created by Frank Lupo and Stephen J. Cannell, the main theme was composed by Mike Post and Pete Carpenter. A mid-season replacement, it debuted as a two-hour TV movie in early 1984, after its cancellation, reruns were aired on the USA Network during the late 1980s. Cody Allen and Nick Ryder are two former Army buddies who decided to open the Pier 56 Detective Agency in Los Angeles, the team operate out of Codys boat, the Riptide, moored at Pier 56 at King Harbor Marina. The men have other tools in their fight against crime. Nick also owns a classic red Chevrolet Corvette and in early episodes Cody drives an orange Woodie station wagon which is replaced by a four-wheel custom GMC Jimmy. Lt. Quinlan is a police officer who continually harasses the trio. Lt. Parisi, the police contact during the final episodes, is more cooperative. During the first few episodes, Mama Jo is the crusty skipper of the Barefoot Contessa, introduced later in the first season is Max, a comedian at a local club. Second season episodes also feature Dooley, a boy who occasionally assists the team in their escapades. Although local mobsters were depicted in most episodes, some reflected sensitive topics, like corruption among the U. S. Army, high-level cover-ups, the third seasons Home for Christmas, with a performance by James Whitmore, has a strongly emotional tone. Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released a three-disc DVD set of Riptide, The Complete First Season on February 14,2006, although the Sony release includes all of the episodes from the season, many of the opening teasers are missing. Visual Entertainment has released all three seasons of Riptide, available in Canada only, unlike the U. S. release, all of the opening teasers are intact. However, several episodes have music replaced and sequences edited out due to copyright issues, on October 14,2008 VEI released Riptide, The Complete Series, a 13-disc box set featuring all 58 episodes of the show. The release was scheduled to be released on September 9,2008. As of 2013, these releases have been discontinued and are out of print, in Germany the show is known under the title Trio mit vier Fäusten. Universum Films has released all three seasons of Riptide for Germany on May 29,2009, July 31,2009 and September 25,2009. The DVD sets feature 4,3 Pal, DD2.0 mono German and English, no teasers, the Season 2 boxes will contain an episode not broadcast in Germany, The Twisted Cross, in English with German subtitles
