1.
Paul Friedrich Meyerheim
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Paul Friedrich Meyerheim was a German painter and graphic artist. He did portraits and landscapes, but is best known as a painter of animals and he and his brother took their first art lessons from his father. This experience led him to specialize in animal painting, from 1857 to 1860 he attended the Prussian Academy of Arts. Later, he made study trips to Switzerland, Belgium. In 1883, he established a painting class at the Academy. He was appointed a Professor there in 1887 and became a member of the Academic Senate, Meyerheim was a friend of the Borsig family, owners of the Borsig-Werke, a company that manufactured railroad locomotives. He produced many illustrations and designs especially for them, a major attraction at the Great Berlin Art Exhibition in 1912 was a series of seven huge images, painted on copper, that he had done for the Borsigs in 1873/76. The panels were called Lebensgeschichte einer Lokomotive and were intended for the garden loggia at their home in Alt-Moabit. Some panels are now in the possession of the Märkisches Museum in Berlin-Mitte and his father was the painter Friedrich Eduard Meyerheim, his elder brother, Franz Meyerheim, was also a painter as were his uncles, Wilhelm and Hermann. German Wikipedia, Lebensgeschichte einer Lokomotive Staatliche Museen Berlin, Kunst in Berlin 1648–1987, hans Joachim Neidhardt, Deutsche Malerei des 19. E. A Seemann Verlag, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-363-00468-0, irmgard Wirth, Berliner Malerei im 19. Siedler Verlag, Berlin 1990, ISBN 3-572-10011-9, p.418, arcadja Auctions,49 works by Meyerheim Literature by and about Paul Friedrich Meyerheim in the German National Library catalogue
2.
Walter Crane
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Walter Crane was an English artist and book illustrator. Cranes work featured some of the colourful and detailed beginnings of the child-in-the-garden motifs that would characterize many nursery rhymes. He was part of the Arts and Crafts movement and produced an array of paintings, illustrations, childrens books, ceramic tiles, Crane is also remembered for his creation of a number of iconic images associated with the international Socialist movement. Crane was the son of Thomas Crane, a portrait painter and miniaturist, and Marie Crane. His older brother Thomas would also go into illustration, and sister Lucy a noted writer, a set of coloured page designs to illustrate Tennysons Lady of Shalott gained the approval of wood-engraver William James Linton to whom Walter Crane was apprenticed for three years in 1859–62. He was a student who admired the masters of the Italian Renaissance, a further and important element in the development of his talent was the study of Japanese colour-prints, the methods of which he imitated in a series of toy books, which started a new fashion. From the early 1880s, initially under William Morriss influence, Crane was closely associated with the Socialist movement and he did as much as Morris himself to bring art into the daily life of all classes. With this object in view he devoted attention to designs for textiles and wallpapers, and to house decoration. For a long time he provided the cartoons for the Socialist organs Justice, The Commonweal. Many of these were collected as Cartoons for the Cause and he devoted much time and energy to the work of the Art Workers Guild, of which he was master in 1888 and 1889 and to the Arts and Crafts Exhibition Society, which he helped to found in 1888. He was also a Vice President of the Healthy and Artistic Dress Union and they produced numerous pamphlets setting out their cause, including one entitled How to Dress Without a Corset which Crane illustrated. Although not himself an anarchist, Crane contributed to several publishers, including Liberty Press. He is credited with the design and decoration of the front facade of The Bomb Shop, Hendersons bookshop at 66 Charing Cross Road specialising in left-wing, Crane was controversial in his support of the four Chicago anarchists executed in 1887 in connection with the Haymarket affair. Financial support was withdrawn and planned dinners in Cranes honor were cancelled, the incident was memorialized in the press as probably the most dramatic episode in the artists career. Walter Crane died on 14 March 1915 in Horsham Hospital, West Sussex and his body was cremated at the Golders Green Crematorium, where his ashes remain. He was survived by three children, Beatrice, Lionel and Lancelot, in 1863 the printer Edmund Evans employed Crane to illustrate yellowbacks, and in 1865 they began to collaborate on toy books of nursery rhymes and fairy tales. From 1865 to 1876 Crane and Evans produced two to three toy books each year and these are a few of his illustration suites, In 1864 he began to illustrate a series of sixpenny toy books of nursery rhymes in three colours for Edmund Evans. He was allowed more freedom in a beginning with The Frog Prince which showed markedly the influence of Japanese art
3.
Arthur Rackham
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Arthur Rackham was an English book illustrator. Rackham was born in Lewisham, then part of Kent as one of 12 children. In 1884, at the age of 17, he was sent on a voyage to Australia to improve his fragile health. At the age of 18, he worked as a clerk at the Westminster Fire Office, in 1892, he left his job and started working for the Westminster Budget as a reporter and illustrator. Book illustrating then became Rackhams career for the rest of his life and this was developed further through the austere years of the Boer War with regular contributions to childrens periodicals such as Little Folks and Cassells Magazine. In 1901 he moved to Wychcombe Studios near Haverstock Hill, edith suffered a miscarriage in 1904, but the couple had one daughter, Barbara, in 1908. M. Barries Peter Pan in Kensington Gardens, published by Hodder & Stoughton. Income from the books was greatly augmented by annual exhibitions of the artwork at the Leicester Galleries, Rackham won a gold medal at the Milan International Exhibition in 1906 and another one at the Barcelona International Exposition in 1912. His works were included in exhibitions, including one at the Louvre in Paris in 1914. From 1906 the family lived in Chalcot Gardens, near Haverstock Hill, until moving from London to Houghton, in 1929 the family settled into a newly built property in Limpsfield, Surrey. Arthur Rackham died in 1939 of cancer at his home, during that period, there was a strong market for high quality illustrated books which typically were given as Christmas gifts. Many of Rackhams books were produced in a de luxe limited edition, often vellum bound and sometimes signed, as well as a larger and this was often followed by a more modestly presented octavo edition in subsequent years for particularly popular books. The onset of the war in 1914 curtailed the market for such quality books, arthur Rackhams works have become very popular since his death, both in North America and Britain. His images have been used by the greeting card industry. His original drawings and paintings are keenly sought at the international art auction houses. Rackhams illustrations were based on robust pen and India ink drawings. He would first lightly block in shapes and details of the drawing with a soft pencil, over this he would then carefully work in lines of pen and India ink, removing the pencil traces after the drawing had begun to take form. For colour pictures, he would begin painting by building up multiple thin washes of watercolour creating translucent tints. He would also go on to expand the use of cuts in illustration work, particularly in the period after the First World War, as exemplified by his Sleeping Beauty
4.
Brothers Grimm
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Their first collection of folk tales, Childrens and Household Tales, was published in 1812. The brothers spent their formative years in the German town of Hanau and their fathers death in 1796 caused great poverty for the family and affected the brothers for many years after. They both attended the University of Marburg where they developed a curiosity about German folklore, which grew into a dedication to collecting German folk tales. The rise of romanticism during the 19th century revived interest in folk stories. With the goal of researching a scholarly treatise on folk tales, between 1812 and 1857, their first collection was revised and republished many times, growing from 86 stories to more than 200. The popularity of the Grimms best folk tales has endured well, Jacob Ludwig Carl Grimm was born on 4 January 1785 and his brother Wilhelm Carl Grimm on 24 February 1786. They were the second- and third-eldest surviving siblings in a family of nine children, in 1791, the family moved to the countryside town of Steinau, when Philipp was employed there as district magistrate. The family became prominent members of the community, residing in a home surrounded by fields. Biographer Jack Zipes writes that the brothers were happy in Steinau, the children were educated at home by private tutors, receiving strict instruction as Lutherans that instilled in both a lifelong religious faith. In 1796, Philipp Grimm died of pneumonia, plunging his family into poverty, Dorothea depended on financial support from her father and sister, first lady-in-waiting at the court of William I, Elector of Hesse. Jacob was the eldest living son, and he was forced at age 11 to assume adult responsibilities for the two years. The two boys adhered to the advice of their grandfather, who continually exhorted them to be industrious, the brothers left Steinau and their family in 1798 to attend the Friedrichsgymnasium in Kassel, which had been arranged and paid for by their aunt. By then, they were without a provider, forcing them to rely entirely on each other. The two brothers differed in temperament, Jacob was introspective and Wilhelm was outgoing, sharing a strong work ethic, they excelled in their studies. In Kassel, they became aware of their inferior social status relative to high-born students who received more attention. Still, each brother graduated at the head of his class, Jacob in 1803, after graduation from the Friedrichsgymnasium, the brothers attended the University of Marburg. The university was small with about 200 students and there they became aware that students of lower social status were not treated equally. They were disqualified from admission because of their standing and had to request dispensation to study law
5.
German language
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German is a West Germanic language that is mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, South Tyrol, the German-speaking Community of Belgium and it is also one of the three official languages of Luxembourg. Major languages which are most similar to German include other members of the West Germanic language branch, such as Afrikaans, Dutch, English, Luxembourgish and it is the second most widely spoken Germanic language, after English. One of the languages of the world, German is the first language of about 95 million people worldwide. The German speaking countries are ranked fifth in terms of publication of new books. German derives most of its vocabulary from the Germanic branch of the Indo-European language family, a portion of German words are derived from Latin and Greek, and fewer are borrowed from French and English. With slightly different standardized variants, German is a pluricentric language, like English, German is also notable for its broad spectrum of dialects, with many unique varieties existing in Europe and also other parts of the world. The history of the German language begins with the High German consonant shift during the migration period, when Martin Luther translated the Bible, he based his translation primarily on the standard bureaucratic language used in Saxony, also known as Meißner Deutsch. Copies of Luthers Bible featured a long list of glosses for each region that translated words which were unknown in the region into the regional dialect. Roman Catholics initially rejected Luthers translation, and tried to create their own Catholic standard of the German language – the difference in relation to Protestant German was minimal. It was not until the middle of the 18th century that a widely accepted standard was created, until about 1800, standard German was mainly a written language, in urban northern Germany, the local Low German dialects were spoken. Standard German, which was different, was often learned as a foreign language with uncertain pronunciation. Northern German pronunciation was considered the standard in prescriptive pronunciation guides though, however, German was the language of commerce and government in the Habsburg Empire, which encompassed a large area of Central and Eastern Europe. Until the mid-19th century, it was essentially the language of townspeople throughout most of the Empire and its use indicated that the speaker was a merchant or someone from an urban area, regardless of nationality. Some cities, such as Prague and Budapest, were gradually Germanized in the years after their incorporation into the Habsburg domain, others, such as Pozsony, were originally settled during the Habsburg period, and were primarily German at that time. Prague, Budapest and Bratislava as well as cities like Zagreb, the most comprehensive guide to the vocabulary of the German language is found within the Deutsches Wörterbuch. This dictionary was created by the Brothers Grimm and is composed of 16 parts which were issued between 1852 and 1860, in 1872, grammatical and orthographic rules first appeared in the Duden Handbook. In 1901, the 2nd Orthographical Conference ended with a standardization of the German language in its written form
6.
Fairy tale
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Fairy tales may be distinguished from other folk narratives such as legends and explicitly moral tales, including beast fables. The term is used for stories with origins in European tradition and, at least in recent centuries. In less technical contexts, the term is used to describe something blessed with unusual happiness. Colloquially, a tale or fairy story can also mean any far-fetched story or tall tale, it is used especially of any story that not only is not true. Legends are perceived as real, fairy tales may merge into legends, Fairy tales are found in oral and in literary form, the name fairy tale was first ascribed to them by Madame dAulnoy in the late 17th century. Many of todays fairy tales have evolved from stories that have appeared, with variations. The history of the tale is particularly difficult to trace because only the literary forms can survive. Still, according to researchers at universities in Durham and Lisbon, such stories may date back thousands of years, Fairy tales, and works derived from fairy tales, are still written today. Folklorists have classified fairy tales in various ways, the Aarne-Thompson classification system and the morphological analysis of Vladimir Propp are among the most notable. Other folklorists have interpreted the significance, but no school has been definitively established for the meaning of the tales. It moves in a world without definite locality or definite creatures and is filled with the marvelous. In this never-never land, humble heroes kill adversaries, succeed to kingdoms, a fairy tale with a tragic rather than a happy end is called an anti-fairy tale. Although the fairy tale is a genre within the larger category of folktale. The term itself comes from the translation of Madame DAulnoys conte de fées, Vladimir Propp, in his Morphology of the Folktale, criticized the common distinction between fairy tales and animal tales on the grounds that many tales contained both fantastic elements and animals. Were I asked, what is a fairytale, I should reply, Read Undine, that is a fairytale. of all fairytales I know, I think Undine the most beautiful. As Stith Thompson points out, talking animals and the presence of magic seem to be common to the fairy tale than fairies themselves. However, the presence of animals that talk does not make a tale a fairy tale, especially when the animal is clearly a mask on a human face. Steven Swann Jones identified the presence of magic as the feature by which fairy tales can be distinguished from other sorts of folktales, davidson and Chaudri identify transformation as the key feature of the genre
7.
Petronius
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Gaius Petronius Arbiter was a Roman courtier during the reign of Nero. He is generally believed to be the author of the Satyricon, tacitus, Plutarch and Pliny the Elder describe Petronius as the elegantiae arbiter, judge of elegance in the court of the emperor Nero. He served as consul in 62. Later, he became a member of the class who devoted themselves to a life of pleasure. His relationship to Nero was apparently akin to that of a fashion advisor and his reckless freedom of speech, being regarded as frankness, procured him popularity. Yet during his government, and later when he held the office of consul, he had shown vigor. None of the ancient sources give any detail about his life. However, a manuscript written around 1450 of the Satyricon credited a Titus Petronius as the author of the original work. Traditionally, this reference is linked with Petronius Arbiter, since the novel appears to have written or at least set during his lifetime. The link, however, remains speculative and disputed, Petronius development of his characters in the Satyricon, namely Trimalchio, transcends the traditional style of writing of ancient literature. In the literature written during Petronius lifetime the emphasis was always on the considerations of plot. The character, which was known in ancient literature, was secondary. Petronius goes beyond these literary limitations in his portrayals of detailed speech, behavior, surroundings. Another literary device Petronius employs in his novel is a collection of specific allusions, the allusions to certain people and events are evidence that the Satyricon was written during Neros time. These also suggest that it was aimed at an audience which consisted in part of Neros courtiers. One such allusion, found in chapter 9, refers to the story of the good wife Lucretia which was well-known at the time, If youre a Lucretia, he said, Youve found a Tarquin. The message Petronius tries to convey in his work is far from moral and does not intend to produce reform, as the title implies, the Satyricon is a satire, specifically a Menippean satire, in which Petronius satirizes nearly anything, using his taste as the only standard. It is speculated that Petronius depiction of Trimalchio mirrors that of Nero, although the authors own opinion is never alluded to, the opinions of the characters involved in the story are evident, as is how Encolpius criticizes Trimalchio
8.
Satyricon
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The Satyricon, or Satyricon liber, is a Latin work of fiction believed to have been written by Gaius Petronius, though the manuscript tradition identifies the author as a certain Titus Petronius. The Satyricon is an example of Menippean satire, which is different from the formal verse satire of Juvenal or Horace. The work contains a mixture of prose and verse, serious and comic elements, as with the Metamorphoses of Apuleius, classical scholars often describe it as a Roman novel, without necessarily implying continuity with the modern literary form. The surviving portions of the text detail the misadventures of the narrator, Encolpius, and his lover, throughout the novel, Encolpius has a difficult time keeping his lover faithful to him as he is constantly being enticed away by others. Encolpiuss friend Ascyltus is another major character and it is one of the two most extensive witnesses to the Roman novel. Satyricon is also regarded as evidence for the reconstruction of how lower classes lived during the early Roman Empire. A handsome sixteen-year-old boy, pretending to be a servant to Encolpius, an ex-gladiator and friend of Encolpius, rival for the ownership of Giton. An extremely vulgar and wealthy freedman, an aged, impoverished and lecherous poet of the sort rich men are said to hate. A barber, the servant of Eumolpus. Circes servant, also in love with Encolpius, the work is narrated by its central figure, Encolpius, a teacher of rhetoric to wealthy Roman boys. The surviving sections of the novel begin with Encolpius traveling with a companion and former lover named Asciltos, Encolpiuss slave boy, Giton, is at his owners lodging when the story begins. His adversary in this debate is Agamemnon, a sophist, who shifts the blame from the teachers to the parents, Encolpius discovers that his companion Asciltos has left and breaks away from Agamemnon when a group of students arrive. Encolpius locates Asciltos and then Giton, who claims that Asciltos made an attempt on him. After some conflict, the three go to the market, where they are involved in a dispute over stolen property, returning to their lodgings, they are confronted by Quartilla, a devotee of Priapus, who condemns their attempts to pry into the cults secrets. The companions are overpowered by Quartilla and her maids, who overpower and sexually torture them, then provide them with dinner and engage them in further sexual activity. An orgy ensues and the ends with Encolpius and Quartilla exchanging kisses while they spy through a keyhole at Giton having sex with a virgin girl. This section of the Satyricon, regarded by such as Conte and Rankin as emblematic of Menippean satire. After preliminaries in the baths and halls, the guests join their host, extravagant courses are served while Trimalchio flaunts his wealth and his pretence of learning
9.
Nero
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Nero was Roman Emperor from 54 to 68, and the last in the Julio-Claudian dynasty. Nero was adopted by his great-uncle Claudius to become his heir and successor, during his reign, the redoubtable general Corbulo conducted a successful war and negotiated peace with the Parthian Empire. His general Suetonius Paulinus crushed a revolt in Britain, Nero annexed the Bosporan Kingdom to the empire and may have begun the First Jewish–Roman War. In 64 AD, most of Rome was destroyed in the Great Fire of Rome, Suetonius, writing a generation later, claims that many Romans believed Nero himself had started the fire, in order to clear land for his planned palatial complex, the Domus Aurea. In 68, the rebellion of Vindex in Gaul and later the acclamation of Galba in Hispania drove Nero from the throne, facing a false report of being denounced as a public enemy who was to be executed, he committed suicide on 9 June 68. His death ended the Julio-Claudian dynasty, sparking a period of civil wars known as the Year of the Four Emperors. Neros rule is often associated with tyranny and extravagance and he is known for many executions, including that of his mother, and the probable murder by poison of his stepbrother Britannicus. Nero was rumored to have had captured Christians dipped in oil and this view is based on the writings of Tacitus, Suetonius and Cassius Dio, the main surviving sources for Neros reign, but a few sources paint Nero in a more favourable light. Some sources, including some mentioned above, portray him as an emperor who was popular with the common Roman people, some modern historians question the reliability of ancient sources when reporting on Neros tyrannical acts. Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Nero, was born on 15 December 37 in Antium and he was the only son of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and Agrippina the Younger, sister of Emperor Caligula. Neros father, Gnaeus, was the son of Lucius Domitius Ahenobarbus, Gnaeus was thus the grandson of Gnaeus Domitius Ahenobarbus and probably Aemilia Lepida on his fathers side, and the grandson of Mark Antony and Octavia Minor on his mothers side. Thus, Nero had as his paternal grandmother Antonia Major, through Octavia, Nero was the great-nephew of Caesar Augustus. Neros father had employed as a praetor and was a member of Caligulas staff when the latter travelled to the East. Neros father was described by Suetonius as a murderer and a cheat who was charged by Emperor Tiberius with treason, adultery, Tiberius died, allowing him to escape these charges. Neros father died of edema in 39 when Nero was two, Neros mother was Agrippina the Younger, a great-granddaughter of Caesar Augustus and his wife Scribonia through their daughter Julia the Elder and her husband Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa. Agrippinas father, Germanicus, was a grandson of Augustuss wife, Livia, on one side and Mark Antony, Germanicus mother Antonia Minor was a daughter of Octavia Minor and Mark Antony. Germanicus was also the son of Tiberius. Agrippina poisoned her second husband Passienus Crispus, so many ancient historians also accuse her of murdering her third husband, the emperor Claudius
10.
Shapeshifting
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In mythology, folklore and speculative fiction, shapeshifting is the ability of a being or creature to completely transform its physical form or shape. This is usually achieved through an inherent ability of a creature, divine intervention. The idea persisted through the Middle Ages, where the agency causing shapeshifting is usually a sorcerer or witch and it remains a common trope in modern fantasy, childrens literature, and works of popular culture. The most common form of shapeshifting myths is that of therianthropy, legends allow for transformations into plants and objects, and the assumption of another human countenance. Shapeshifting to the form of a wolf is known as lycanthropy. Therianthropy is the general term for human-animal shifts, but it is rarely used in that capacity. It was also common for deities to transform mortals into animals, other terms for shapeshifters include metamorph, the Navajo skin-walker, mimic, and therianthrope. The prefix were-, coming from the Old English word for man, is used to designate shapeshifters, despite its root. While the popular idea of a shapeshifter is of a human being who turns into something else, proteus was noted among the gods for his shapeshifting, both Menelaus and Aristaeus seized him to win information from him, and succeeded only because they held on during his various changes. Nereus told Heracles where to find the Apples of the Hesperides for the same reason, the Titan Metis, the first wife of Zeus and the mother of the goddess Athena, was believed to be able to change her appearance into anything she wanted. In one story, she was so proud, that her husband, Zeus and he then swallowed her because he feared that he and Metis would have a son who would be more powerful than Zeus himself. She stayed alive inside his head and built armor for her daughter, the banging of her metalworking made Zeus have a headache, so Hephaestus clove his head with an axe. Athena sprang from her fathers head, fully grown, and in battle armor, in Greek mythology, the transformation is often a punishment from the gods to humans who crossed them. Zeus transformed King Lycaon into a wolf as a punishment for either killing Zeus children or serving him the flesh of Lycaons own murdered son Nyctimus, Demeter transformed Ascalabus into a lizard for mocking her sorrow and thirst during her search for her daughter Persephone. She also turned King Lyncus into a lynx for trying to murder her prophet Triptolemus, Athena transformed Arachne into a spider for challenging her as a weaver and/or weaving a tapestry that insulted the gods. Artemis transformed Actaeon into a stag for spying on her bathing, io was a priestess of Hera in Argos, a nymph who was raped by Zeus, who changed her into a heifer to escape detection. The young Tiresias was walking through a forest when he found two snakes in the act of love and he poked them with a stick and was instantly changed into a woman. He lived in this form for many years, and even married and had children
11.
The Frog Princess
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The Frog Princess is a fairy tale that has multiple versions with various origins. Russian variants include the Frog Princess or Tsarevna Frog and also Vasilisa the Wise, andrew Lang included an Italian variant titled The Frog in The Violet Fairy Book. Italo Calvino included another Italian variant from Piedmont, The Prince Who Married a Frog, in Italian Folktales, georgios A. Megas included a Greek variant, The Enchanted Lake, in Folktales of Greece. It is classified as type 402, the bride, in the Aarne–Thompson index. Another tale of type is Doll i the Grass. The king wants his three sons to marry, to accomplish this, he creates a test to help them find brides. The king tells each prince to shoot an arrow, according to the Kings rules, each prince will find his bride where the arrow lands. The youngest sons arrow is picked up by a frog, the king assigns his three prospective daughters-in-law various tasks, such as spinning cloth and baking bread. In every task, the frog far outperforms the two other lazy brides-to-be, in some versions, the frog uses magic to accomplish the tasks, and though the other brides attempt to emulate the frog, they cannot perform the magic. Still, the prince is ashamed of his frog bride until she is magically transformed into a human princess. In Calvinos version, the princes use slings rather than bows and arrows, in the Greek version, the princes set out to find their brides one by one, the older two are already married by the time the youngest prince starts his quest. Another variation involves the sons chopping down trees and heading in the direction pointed by them in order to find their brides, in the Russian versions of the story, Prince Ivan and his two older brothers shoot arrows in different directions to find brides. The other brothers arrows land in the houses of the daughters of an aristocratic, ivans arrow lands in the mouth of a frog in a swamp, who turns into a princess at night. The Frog Princess, named Vasilisa the Wise, is a beautiful, intelligent, friendly and her final test may be to dance at the kings banquet. The Frog Princess sheds her skin, and the prince then burns it, had the prince been patient, the Frog Princess would have been freed but instead he loses her. He then sets out to find her again and meets with Baba Yaga and she tells him that Koschei is holding his bride captive and explains how to find the magic needle needed to rescue his bride. In another version, the princes bride flies into Baba Yagas hut as a bird, the prince catches her, she turns into a lizard, and he cannot hold on. Baba Yaga rebukes him and sends him to her sister, where he fails again, however, when he is sent to the third sister, he catches her and no transformations can break her free again
12.
The Well of the World's End
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The Well of the Worlds End is an Anglo-Scottish Border fairy tale, recorded in the Scottish Lowlands, collected by Joseph Jacobs in English Fairy Tales. His source was The Complaynt of Scotland, and he notes the similarity to the German Frog Prince. Like that tale, it is Aarne-Thompson type 440, The Frog King or Iron Henry, a girls mother died, and her father remarried. Her stepmother abused her, made her do all the housework and she gave her a sieve and ordered her to not come back without filling it at the Well of the Worlds End. The girl set out and questioned everyone about the way, finally, a little old woman directed her to the well, but she could not fill the sieve. A frog asked what was wrong and said it could aid her if she promised to do everything he asked for a night and she agreed, and the frog told her to stop the holes up with moss and clay. With that, she carried back the water, the stepmother was angry at her return, and when the frog arrived, she insisted that the girl keep her promise. The frog made her take it on her knee, give it some supper, in the morning, it made her chop off its head. When she did, it was transformed into a handsome prince, the stepmother was even more angry, but the prince married the girl and took her home. Frog Prince* The Frog Princess The Tale of the Queen Who Sought a Drink From a Certain Well The Three Heads in the Well
13.
Stevie Smith
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Florence Margaret Smith, known as Stevie Smith was an English poet and novelist. Stevie Smith, born Florence Margaret Smith in Kingston upon Hull, was the daughter of Ethel. She was called Peggy within her family, but acquired the name Stevie as a woman when she was riding in the park with a friend who said that she reminded him of the jockey Steve Donoghue. Her father was an agent, a business that he had inherited from his father. As the company and his marriage began to fall apart, he ran away to sea and he appeared occasionally on 24-hour shore leave and sent very brief postcards. When Stevie Smith was three years old, she moved with her mother and sister to Palmers Green in North London where she would live until her death in 1971 and she resented the fact that her father had abandoned his family. Later, when her mother ill, her aunt Madge Spear came to live with them, raised Smith and her elder sister Molly. Spear was a feminist who claimed to have no patience with men and, as Smith wrote, she also had no patience with Hitler. Smith and Molly, raised in a family of women, became attached to their own independence, when Smith was five, she developed tubercular peritonitis and was sent to a sanatorium near Broadstairs, Kent, where she remained for three years. She related that her preoccupation with death began when she was seven, death and fear fascinated her and provide the subjects of many of her poems. Her mother died when Smith was 16, when suffering from the depression to which she was subject all her life, Smith was so consoled by the thought of death as a release that, as she put it, she did not have to commit suicide. She wrote in several poems that death was the god who must come when he is called. Smith suffered throughout her life from an acute nervousness, described as a mix of shyness, in the Poem A House of Mercy, she wrote of her childhood house in North London, Smith was educated at Palmers Green High School and North London Collegiate School for Girls. She spent the remainder of her life with her aunt, sylvia Plath became a fan of her poetry and sent Smith a letter in 1962, describing herself as a desperate Smith-addict. Plath expressed interest in meeting in person but committed suicide soon after sending the letter, likewise, her political views vacillated between her aunts Toryism and her friends left-wing tendencies. Her 14-page essay of 1958, The Necessity of Not Believing, concludes, There is no reason to be sad, There is no reason to be sad, it is a good thing. Smith died of a tumour on 7 March 1971. Her last collection, Scorpion and other Poems was published posthumously in 1972, three novels were republished and there was a successful play based on her life, Stevie, written by Hugh Whitemore
14.
Shelley Duvall
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Shelley Alexis Duvall is an American actress, producer, writer, singer and comedian. Duvall had a role in Annie Hall before starring in lead roles in Popeye. Later, Duvall appeared in Time Bandits, Frankenweenie, and The Portrait of a Lady and she is also an Emmy-nominated producer responsible for Faerie Tale Theatre and other child-friendly programming. Duvalls most recent performance was in Manna from Heaven, Shelley Alexis Duvall was born on July 7,1949, in Houston, Texas, the daughter of Bobbie Ruth Crawford and Robert Richardson Bobby Duvall, a lawyer. Duvall has three brothers, Scott, Shane and Stewart, after leaving school, Duvall sold cosmetics at Foleys and attended South Texas Junior College, where she majored in Nutrition and Diet Therapy. She met Robert Altman when he was shooting Brewster McCloud on location and he offered Duvall a part in the film. She said, I got tired of arguing, and thought maybe I am an actress, I simply got on a plane and did it. Duvall had never left Texas before Altman offered her a film role and she flew to Hollywood and landed the role of a free-spirited love interest to Bud Corts reclusive Brewster in Brewster McCloud. Altman chose Duvall for roles as an unsatisfied mail-order bride in McCabe & Mrs, the same year, Duvall left Altman to star as Bernice, a wealthy girl from Wisconsin in PBS’s adaptation of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s short story Bernice Bobs Her Hair. She also hosted an evening of Saturday Night Live and appeared in 5 sketches, Programming Change, Video Vixens, Night of the Moonies, in 1977, Duvall starred as Mildred Millie Lammoreaux in Altmans 3 Women. Duvalls performance garnered the award for Best Actress at the 1977 Cannes Film Festival and she appeared in a minor role in Woody Allens Annie Hall. Duvalls next role was Wendy Torrance in The Shining directed by Stanley Kubrick, jack Nicholson states in the documentary Stanley Kubrick, A Life in Pictures that Kubrick was great to work with but that he was a different director with Duvall. Because of Kubricks methodical nature, principal took a year to complete. Kubrick and Duvall argued frequently, although Duvall later said she learned more working with Kubrick on The Shining than she did on all her earlier films. In order to give The Shining the psychological horror it needed, the film’s script was changed so often that Nicholson stopped reading each draft. Kubrick intentionally isolated Duvall and argued with her often, Duvall was forced to perform the iconic and exhausting baseball bat scene 127 times. Afterwards, Duvall presented Kubrick with clumps of hair that had fallen out due to the stress of filming. Her role of Pansy in Terry Gilliams Time Bandits followed, in 1982, Duvall narrated, hosted and was executive producer of the childrens television program Faerie Tale Theatre
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Faerie Tale Theatre
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Faerie Tale Theatre is an American live-action childrens anthology series retelling fairy tales. This was one of the first examples of original programming. Faerie Tale Theatre originally aired on Showtime from 1982 to 1987, winning a Peabody Award, TCA Award and it later aired as edited re-runs on the Disney Channel as well as in syndication on various television stations, including PBS and BookTelevision. Shelley Duvall began conception of Faerie Tale Theatre while filming Popeye and she reportedly asked her co-star, Robin Williams, his opinion on The Frog Prince, a fairy tale she was reading during production. Williams would later star in the episode of the series. Every episode opens with Shelley Duvall introducing herself and welcoming the viewer to the show, all the episodes feature live-action twist adaptations of fairy tales in costume by many well-known actors and are directed by such diverse directors as Tim Burton and Francis Ford Coppola. C. Wyeth, Kay Nielsen, Breughel and Muer, Jennie Harbour, Faerie Tale Theatre was released on VHS, Betamax, CED and Laserdisc in the 1980s through mid 1990s, by Playhouse Video, CBS/Fox, and later Razz Ma Tazz Entertainment/Cabin Fever Entertainment. Starmaker II held the rights to the series from 2004 to 2006 and this was followed by a double-sided 4-disc box set and then a 6-disc box set, each version containing the same 26 episodes. The Greatest Moments episode was not included in this release, after 2006, Koch Vision held the series distribution rights, and in November 2006 licensed the rights worldwide to the British company 3DD Entertainment. A new remastered 7-disc box set, including the lost Greatest Moments episode, was released by Koch Vision on September 2,2008, the Pied Piper of Hamelin, Julius Caesar Rats monologue. Rumpelstiltskin, the Millers daughter singing with the animals in the forest. com Faerie Tale Theatre at epguides. com
16.
Robin Williams
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Robin McLaurin Williams was an American stand-up comedian and actor. Starting as a comedian in San Francisco and Los Angeles in the mid-1970s. After rising to fame as Mork in Mork & Mindy, Williams established a career in both comedy and feature film acting. He was known for his improvisational skills, Doubtfire, Jumanji, The Birdcage, Night at the Museum, and Worlds Greatest Dad. Williams won the 1997 Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor for his performance as teacher Sean Maguire in Good Will Hunting and he also received two Emmy Awards, seven Golden Globe Awards, two Screen Actors Guild Awards, and five Grammy Awards throughout his career. On August 11,2014, Williams committed suicide by hanging at his home in Paradise Cay and his wife attributed his suicide to his struggle with Lewy body dementia. Robin McLaurin Williams was born at St. Lukes Hospital in Chicago and his father Robert Fitzgerald Williams was a senior executive in Ford Motor Companys Lincoln-Mercury Division. His mother Laurie McLaurin was a model from Jackson, Mississippi. Her paternal great-grandfather was Mississippi senator and governor Anselm J. McLaurin, Williams had two elder half-brothers named Robert and McLaurin. He had English, Welsh, Irish, Scottish, German, while his mother was a practitioner of Christian Science, Williams was raised in the Episcopal Church, where his father belonged. Williams wrote a list, Top Ten Reasons to be an Episcopalian, during a TV interview on Inside the Actors Studio in 2001, Williams credited his mother as being an important early influence for his sense of humor. He also said that he tried to make her laugh to gain attention, Williams attended public elementary school in Lake Forest at Gorton Elementary School and middle school at Deer Path Junior High School. He described himself as a quiet and shy child who did not overcome his shyness until he became involved with his school drama department. His friends recall him as being very funny, in late 1963, when Williams was twelve, his father was transferred to Detroit. The family lived in a 40-room farmhouse on 20 acres in suburban Bloomfield Hills, Michigan and he excelled in school, where he was on the schools soccer team and wrestling team, and was elected as class president. As his father traveled frequently for work and his also worked, Williams was attended to by the familys maid. When Williams was 16, his father took early retirement and the moved to Tiburon. Following their move, Williams attended Redwood High School in nearby Larkspur, at the time of his graduation in 1969, he was voted Most Likely Not to Succeed and Funniest by his classmates
17.
Teri Garr
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Terry Ann Garr —known as Teri Garr—is an American actress, singer, comedian, dancer, and voice artist. She was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress for the 1982 film and she notably appeared on television as Phoebe Abbott in three episodes of the sitcom Friends, and had a starring guest appearance in the 1968 Star Trek episode Assignment, Earth. Garr was born in Lakewood, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland. Her father, Eddie Garr, was a performer, comedian. He changed his surname before Teris birth and her mother, Phyllis Lind, was a dancer, a Rockette, wardrobe mistress, and model. Her father was of Irish descent and her grandparents were Austrian immigrants. Early in her career she was credited as Terri Garr, Terry Garr, Teri Hope and her movie debut was as an extra in A Swingin Affair. Winters cast her in many of his movies and projects. Garr began as a dancer in uncredited roles for youth-oriented films and TV shows choreographed by Winters, including Pajama Party. Hullabaloo, Movin with Nancy, and nine Elvis Presley features, so he was chosen to do Viva Las Vegas. Her first speaking role in a picture was a brief appearance as a damsel in distress in the Monkees film Head. She landed her first significant motion picture role in Francis Ford Coppolas The Conversation and her career breakthrough came in the Mel Brooks comedy Young Frankenstein as Inga. She appeared in a string of successful films, including Close Encounters of the Third Kind as the wife of Richard Dreyfusss character, Oh. Garr was nominated for an Academy Award for her role as Dustin Hoffmans characters actress friend in Tootsie. She also appeared frequently on television and she began as a go-go dancer on several musical variety shows, along with friend Toni Basil, such as Shindig. and Hullabaloo. In 1966 Garr made one appearance on Batman, in 1968 she appeared in both The Andy Griffith Show and Mayberry R. F. D. and was in two episodes of It Takes a Thief. In 1968 she was featured as secretary Roberta Lincoln in the Star Trek episode Assignment, Earth, in the early 1970s, she was a regular cast member on The Sonny and Cher Comedy Hour, dancing and acting in comedy sketches. She had a role on McCloud, and appeared on M*A*S*H, The Bob Newhart Show, The Odd Couple, Maude, Barnaby Jones
18.
Robin McKinley
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Jennifer Carolyn Robin McKinley, known as Robin McKinley, is an American author of fantasy and childrens books. Her 1984 novel The Hero and the Crown won the Newbery Medal as the years best new American childrens book, as of 2015 McKinley has written or contributed to twenty books. Her most recent novel is Shadows, and her next anticipated novel is Ebon, Robin McKinley was born as Jennifer Carolyn Robin McKinley on November 16,1952 in Warren, Ohio. Her father William McKinley was an officer in the United States Navy, as a result of her fathers changing naval posts, McKinley grew up all over the world including in California, New York, Japan, and Maine. She was educated at Gould Academy, a school in Bethel. McKinley went on to college, first at Dickinson College in Carlisle. She finished her education at Bowdoin College in Brunswick, Maine. Robin McKinley currently lives in Hampshire, England and her husband was author Peter Dickinson, they were married from 1991 until his death in 2015. They had no children, though Dickinson had children from a previous relationship, McKinley has two dogs nicknamed Chaos and Darkness. Her obsessions include learning how to play the piano, horseback riding, gardening, cooking, after graduating from college, she remained in Maine for several years working as a research assistant and later in a bookstore. During this time, she completed her first book, Beauty, A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and it was accepted for publication by the first publisher it was sent to and upon publication immediately pushed McKinley to prominence. The book was named an American Library Association Notable Childrens Book, Robin McKinley has written a variety of novels, mostly in the fantasy genre. Several of her novels are her own personal renditions of classic fairy tales with a feminist twist and these retellings usually feature a strong female protagonist who does not wait to be rescued but instead takes an active role in determining the course of her own life. Besides adapting classic fairy tales, McKinley wrote her own rendition of the Robin Hood story in her novel The Outlaws of Sherwood, McKinley has written two novels set in the imaginary land of Damar, The Blue Sword and The Hero and the Crown. Her contribution to the Imaginary Lands anthology and the stories in A Knot in the Grain are also set there and she describes herself as a scribe and Damars historian, because the stories happen to her and she is only responsible for writing them down. The stories of Damar have been occurring to her since before she wrote Beauty, McKinleys standalone novels include Sunshine and Dragonhaven. She has said, I didnt discover boys because they didnt discover me and they were the ones who got to have adventures, while we got to—well, not have adventures. According to biographer Marilyn H. Karrenbrock, McKinleys females do not simper, but neither do they take love lightly or put their own desires before anything else
19.
The Frog Prince (1986 film)
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The Frog Prince, aka Cannon Movie Tales, The Frog Prince, Der Froschkönig, is a 1986 musical film, based on the Brothers Grimms classic fairytale. It was filmed in Tel Aviv, Israel, the tagline was Cannon Movie Tales, Lavish, Feature length new versions of the worlds best loved storybook classics. The film was released on October 5,1986 in the United Kingdom and June 1,1988 in the United States, the Frog Prince begins with the protagonist Princess Zora rolling over and waking up in her bed. When she hears royal trumpets signifying an important announcement, she sings Lucky Day as she gets dressed and she holds onto her golden lucky ball, and carries it throughout her day for good luck. Zora runs through the castle and the Emissary and chef scold her for not acting like a princess. Then, Zora is confronted by Henrietta and Henriettas friend Dulcey in the hallway, after Zora leaves, Henrietta tells Dulcey that she intercepted a letter which declared that only her or Zora is a true princess, not both. Meanwhile, the King, surrounded by his advisors, reads the letter which declares that Baron Von Whobble will decide the true princess at the Sunset Dance, the King is upset because he made a promise to care for both of his nieces when his sister died. He then sings A Promise is A Promise with his royal advisors, Princess Zora interrupts the meeting to ask about the trumpet announcement, but becomes too shy to ask when the King gets upset at her for interrupting. After Zora leaves the King, she goes to ask Henrietta why she lied earlier, Henrietta ignores her question as she and Dulcey look through a book of eligible bachelors. They turn the page to see the handsome Prince of Freedly, the book says that a witch put a curse on him and that he has been missing for a year. When Zora asks to see, Henrietta banishes her from the room and that night at dinner, Henrietta arrives elegantly and is praised by the royal advisers. When Zora walks in dressed in a cape, the advisors, Henrietta. As Zora realizes she is being made fun of, she flees from the room and her Uncle, the King, watches sadly, feeling pity for his niece. Zora goes outside that night, wishing for someone to talk to at the edge of a fountain, after dropping her golden ball in the water, the water splashes from below, and a large, fully dressed frog named Ribbit emerges from the water. To explain his abnormal physique, Ribbit sings too tall frog to Zora, afterwards, Zora promises to be Ribbits friend and take him home to the palace, in exchange for him retrieving her lucky ball from the fountain. The two sneak into Zoras chambers, Zora tells Ribbit that she does not think she is beautiful or a lady, and Ribbit says he thinks she is ravishing and that if she looks in the mirror long enough, she will see what he sees. Then, the King knocks on Zoras door and Ribbit has to hide, the King tells Zora there will be a Sunset Dance. After reading the letter, she finds out only one sister will be the princess, Ribbit then helps Zora become princess-like, teaching her how to dance and act ladylike
20.
Grimm's Fairy Tale Classics
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Grimms Fairy Tale Classics, also known as Grimm Masterpiece Theater in original version, is a Japanese anime anthology series by Nippon Animation. The episodes are adaptations of a variety of folk and fairy tales, Grimms Fairy Tale Classics comprises two series. The first series, known in Japan as Grimm Masterpiece Theater, aired from October 21,1987 to March 30,1988, for a total of 24 episodes. The second series, known in Japan as New Grimm Masterpiece Theater and it was also localized under the series English name. The fairy tale anthology was broadcast in North America by Nickelodeon, incidental music used in the Japanese version was composed by Hideo Shimazu. The theme tune and incidental music used in the English dub were both composed by Haim Saban and Shuki Levy, most of the incidental music was in fact recycled from the earlier VHS series My Favorite Fairy Tales. Those volumes included, Beauty and the Beast The Six Who Went Far Hansel & Gretel Briar Rose Brother & Sister The Coat of Many Colors Jorinda, as with most of the Saban library, the rights to the series are currently owned by the Walt Disney Company. Despite a large following, none of the English dub has been released on DVD in Region 1. Grimms Fairy Tales catalogue listing at the official Nippon Animation website, Grimms Fairy Tale Classics at Anime News Networks encyclopedia Grimms Fairy Tale Classics at the Internet Movie Database Grimms Fairy Tale Classics at TV. com
21.
Adventures from the Book of Virtues
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Adventures from the Book of Virtues is an American animated television series which originally aired on PBS Kids in the United States for three seasons, beginning in 1996 and ending in 2000. There was a gap in between the second and third seasons. The website has retired in November 2005, however, the series has aired reruns on Qubo from November 3,2008 until March 26,2017. Zach and Annie learn various life lessons from their friends Plato the bison, Aurora the red-tailed hawk, Aristotle the prairie dog, and Socrates the bobcat. These lessons are told in the form of animated segments based on stories from a variety of sources including Bible stories, fairy tales, fables, mythology, the core audience were families with children who were between the ages of 2 and 9 years old. It was created by Bruce D. Johnson, music by J. A. C Redford, the story features two schoolchildren, Zack and Annie, who have been neighbors and friends for many years. In each episode of the series, one of them commits an act contrary to that days chosen virtue and they seek counsel of one of their animal friends. These animal friends are four anthropomorphic mountain-dwelling entities who between them possess knowledge of legends and literature as well as common sense and a lively sense of fun. They utilize classical works of authors, philosophers, poets, as well as fables and myths to communicate the truth of virtue to Zack. Plato, the oldest, is a bison, Aurora, the most gentle, is a Red-tailed Hawk, Socrates is a rambunctious bobcat. These four, whose existence seems a secret from the majority of humans in the town of Spring Valley, advise Annie and Zack patiently, the children then proceed to live according to the virtue of the day, completing what they have begun. They were later re-released through Warner Home Video and Paramount Home Entertainment, during 2008 and 2010, PorchLight Entertainment released various DVDs of the series. Official website Adventures From The Book of Virtues at the Internet Movie Database
22.
Witchcraft
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Witchcraft broadly means the practice of, and belief in, magical skills and abilities that are able to be exercised by individuals and certain social groups. Witchcraft often occupies a religious, divinatory or medicinal role, and is present within societies. The concept of witchcraft and the belief in its existence have existed throughout recorded history and it posits a theosophical conflict between good and evil, where witchcraft was generally evil and often associated with the Devil and Devil worship. Christian views in the day are diverse and cover the gamut of views from intense belief and opposition to non-belief. From the mid-20th century, witchcraft – sometimes called contemporary witchcraft to clearly distinguish it from older beliefs – became the name of a branch of modern paganism and it is most notably practiced in the Wiccan and modern witchcraft traditions, and no longer practices in secrecy. The Western mainstream Christian view is far from the only societal perspective about witchcraft, Beliefs related to witchcraft and magic in these cultures were at times influenced by the prevailing Western concepts. Suspicion of modern medicine due to beliefs about illness being due to witchcraft also continues in countries to this day. HIV/AIDS and Ebola virus disease are two examples of infectious disease epidemics whose medical care and containment has been severely hampered by regional beliefs in witchcraft. Other severe medical conditions whose treatment is hampered in this way include tuberculosis, leprosy, epilepsy, the word witchcraft derives from the Old English wiccecræft, a compound of wicce and cræft. This definition was pioneered in a study of central African magical beliefs by E. E. Evans-Pritchard, European witchcraft is seen by historians and anthropologists as an ideology for explaining misfortune, however, this ideology has manifested in diverse ways, as described below. Some modern commentators believe the malefic nature of witchcraft is a Christian projection, many examples appear in early texts, such as those from ancient Egypt and Babylonia. Malicious magic users can become a cause for disease, sickness in animals, bad luck, sudden death, impotence. Witchcraft of a benign and socially acceptable sort may then be employed to turn the malevolence aside. The folk magic used to identify or protect against malicious magic users is often indistinguishable from that used by the witches themselves, there has also existed in popular belief the concept of white witches and white witchcraft, which is strictly benevolent. Many neopagan witches strongly identify with this concept, and profess ethical codes that prevent them from performing magic on a person without their request. Probably the most obvious characteristic of a witch was the ability to cast a spell, spell being the word used to signify the means employed to carry out a magical action. A spell could consist of a set of words, a formula or verse, or a ritual action, or any combination of these. Strictly speaking, necromancy is the practice of conjuring the spirits of the dead for divination or prophecy – although the term has also applied to raising the dead for other purposes
23.
Prince Charming (2001 film)
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Prince Charming is a 2001 television film. It is a fairy tale, relating the story of a Prince who is cursed and transported to present-day New York City. Prince John of the province of Anwyn prides himself on having rescued countless maidens as a way of eventually bedding them. In order to end three centuries of war with the realm of Lothien, he is made to marry the princess, however, on his wedding day, Prince John commits a romantic indiscretion and is discovered, breaking the heart of the princess. As punishment, he cursed by being turned into a frog forever, until such time as a maiden kisses him, for good measure, his squire Rodney is similarly frogged. The spell allows them to live for as long as it takes for John to be kissed human again. Later, an actress, Margo, impetuously picks up the frog prince and kisses him, breaking the curse until the next full moon. Prince John and Rodney begin their search for the woman who kissed John, after a series of comic encounters and setbacks, the Prince, in his human form, finally meets Margo, who is performing Shakespeares Romeo and Juliet. She decides to make her lover, Hamish, jealous by initiating a romantic tryst. The Prince, realizing that he must marry Margo in order to break the curse, proposes marriage, even as he is falling in love with Kate. Meanwhile, Rodney finds in Serena a fellow wizard, and they try to find potions that will ensure that Prince John marries Margo, in the end, the Prince decides to marry Kate, and almost gives up his humanity forever to do so. The television film was initially broadcast in the United States on the TNT station in July 2003, guru Studios, a Special Effects Company provided additional character animation. The New York Times reviewer wrote She and Mr. Maguire make a cute couple. Ms. Peters and Billy Connolly, as a full-of-himself director, only Andrea Martin, as Serena, Margos put-upon gofer, manages to find some real comedy. Prince Charming fairy tale Price Charming at the Internet Movie Database RHI Films listing for Prince Charming Prince Charming at TNT
24.
Martin Short
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Martin Hayter Short CM is a Canadian-American actor, comedian, writer, singer, and producer. He is known for his work on the television programs SCTV, in 1999, he won a Tony Award for his lead performance in a Broadway revival of Little Me. He and his siblings were raised as Catholics and he had three older brothers, David, Michael, and Brian, and one older sister, Nora. Shorts father was a Catholic immigrant from Crossmaglen, South Armagh who came to North America as a stowaway during the Irish War of Independence, Shorts mother was of English and Irish descent. She encouraged his creative endeavours. His eldest brother, David, was killed in a car accident in Montreal and his mother died of cancer in 1968, his father two years later of complications from a stroke. Short attended Westdale Secondary School and graduated from McMaster University with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Social Work in 1971. Among other members of that productions cast were Victor Garber, Gilda Radner, Eugene Levy, Dave Thomas and he was subsequently cast in several television shows and plays, including the drama Fortune and Mens Eyes. He worked solely in Canada through 1979, in 1979, Short starred in the U. S. sitcom The Associates about a group of young novice lawyers working at a Wall Street law firm. In 1980, he joined the cast of Im a Big Girl Now, Canova was offered the sitcom because of her success playing Corinne Tate Flotsky on ABCs Soap and left Soap shortly before Shorts newlywed wife Nancy Dolman joined it. Short was encouraged to pursue comedy by McMaster classmates Eugene Levy and Dave Thomas and he came to public notice when the group produced a show for television, Second City Television or SCTV, which ran for several years in Canada, then the United States. Short appeared on SCTV in 1982–83, current-events commentator Troy Soren Industrialist and art patron Bradley P. Short joined Saturday Night Live for the 1984–85 season and he helped revive the show with his many characters for season ten. Shorts appearance on SNL helped to revive the shows fanbase, which had flagged after the departure of Eddie Murphy and his SNL characters included numerous holdovers from his SCTV days. He also did impressions of celebrities as Jerry Lewis and Katharine Hepburn. In addition to his work on SCTV and SNL, Short has starred in television specials. In 1985, Short starred in the one-hour Showtime special, Martin Short, Concert for the North Americas, in 1989, Short headlined another one-hour comedy special, this time for HBO, I, Martin Short, Goes Hollywood, Shorts classic send-up of all things Hollywood. It featured many of his characters including Ed Grimley, Jackie Rogers Jr, Short starred as Jiminy Glick on Comedy Centrals Primetime Glick
25.
Christina Applegate
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Christina Applegate is an American actress and dancer who as an adolescent actress started playing the role of Kelly Bundy on the Fox sitcom Married. In her adult years, Applegate established a film and television career, winning an Emmy and earning Tony and she is also known for doing the voice of Brittany in the Alvin and the Chipmunks film series. She has also starred in numerous Broadway theatre productions such as the 2005 revival of the musical Sweet Charity, Applegate was born in Hollywood, California. Her father, Robert William Bob Applegate, was a producer and record company executive. Her parents were separated shortly after her birth and she has two half-siblings from her fathers remarriage. After her parents divorce, her mother had a relationship with musician Stephen Stills and she was also seen as a guest in the shows, Father Murphy, Charles in Charge, and Silver Spoons. In 1986, Applegate won the role of Robin Kennedy, a policemans daughter, in the police drama series Heart of the City. Meanwhile, she was also seen guest starring in other television series such as All is Forgiven, Still the Beaver, Amazing Stories. In 1987, Applegate played the role of the ditzy, sexually promiscuous daughter, Kelly Bundy, on the Fox Networks first sitcom and she portrayed her character for 11 years. While working on the series, Applegate was seen in Dance til Dawn and in Streets, Applegate guest-starred in 21 Jump Street and Top of the Heap, and hosted Saturday Night Live and MADtv. Applegate followed with roles in such as Vibrations, Across the Moon, Wild Bill, Tim Burtons Mars Attacks. Applegate was one of the members of The Pussycat Dolls. Applegate emceed for the group when they moved to The Roxy in 2002, in 1996, Applegate auditioned for the role of Rose in James Camerons blockbuster hit fim Titanic, but lost to Kate Winslet. In 1998, Applegate was given the role in the NBC sitcom Jesse. Though the series gained critical praise, it was cancelled in 2000, the new millennium had Applegate playing the dual role of a 12th-century noblewoman, Princess Rosalind, and her 21st-century descendant, Julia Malfete, in the time-travel comedy Just Visiting. She was Princess Gwendolyn and Kate in the movie Prince Charming, in 2004, Applegate starred alongside Ben Affleck in the holiday comedy Surviving Christmas, and alongside Matt Dillon in Employee of the Month. Behind the screen, she was the producer of Comforters. She won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Comedy Series her performance in The One with Rachels Other Sister
26.
Sean Maguire
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For a short time after leaving Grange Hill, he played Aidan Brosnan in EastEnders. Maguire has appeared in feature films and had moderate success as a singer. He is known in the US for his roles as Donovan Brink on the UPN sitcom Eve, Maguire appeared in the second series of Scott & Bailey as P. C. He previously played as Robin Hood in ABCs Once Upon a Time, maguires first role was at the age of five, opposite Laurence Olivier in A Voyage Round My Father. At age seven, he played one of the children in the Every Sperm is Sacred musical number in the 1983 film Monty Pythons The Meaning of Life. In 1993, Maguire joined the cast of the British soap opera EastEnders playing Aidan Brosnan, in 1994, he left the show to take a starring role in the BBC drama series Dangerfield, playing Marty Dangerfield. He has also appeared in Holby City and Sunburn, in 1995, Maguire was voted 3rd person youd most like to see get messy by CBBC viewers and famously received a custard pie in his face from presenter Chris Jarvis dressed as The Anorak. Maguire then pursued a career in music, releasing three albums, his debut album in 1994, Spirit in 1996, and Greatest Hits in 1998. Maguires biggest hit was Good Day, which reached number 12 in May 1996, during this time, Maguire appeared on the Childliners record The Gift Of Christmas with acts such as the Backstreet Boys, Boyzone, E. Y. C. MN8, Deuce, Ultimate Kaos, Let Loose, East 17, Peter Andre, Michelle Gayle, Dannii Minogue, Maguire announced his retirement from the music industry during his final performance at Maesteg Town Hall, part of his Chick N Bay 9T5 4EVA tour. Not content with acting on TV, he has branched out into films, in 2001, Maguire played the title role in the TV-film Prince Charming opposite Bernadette Peters, Christina Applegate and Billy Connolly – with Martin Short as his assistant, Rodney. In 2005, he also made The Third Wish – which co-starred actors Jenna Mattison, Armand Assante, Betty White, Maguire also appeared as Euan in the defunct WB Network sitcom Off Centre with Eddie Kaye Thomas and Jason George. Maguire played one of the characters, Donovan Brink, on the television series Eve. He starred in the CBS sitcom The Class, playing gay character Kyle Lendo and he completed filming in 2006–07 for a US comedy film LA Blues playing a character called Jack Davis. Maguire also signed on to a guest spot in Cupid for ABC portraying an Irish musician, Maguire played the lead role in Kröd Mändoon and the Flaming Sword of Fire, a comedy fantasy series in which he plays a sensitive, but clueless freedom fighter. The show premiered in the US on Comedy Central on 9 April 2009, in Canada on Citytv on 8 June, Maguire auditioned for the role of Sasha in the 2011 cult classic Knives with the role eventually being given to Kiryl Mihailovich Smaliakou. In the third season of ABCs Once Upon a Time, Maguire joined the show as Robin Hood, after recurring for two seasons, he was promoted to a series regular in June 2015, right before the start of the shows fifth season. Maguire exited the main cast in 2016 after his characters death, Maguire married police detective Tanya Flynn on 19 October 2012
27.
Geas
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In Irish, a geas is an idiosyncratic taboo, whether of obligation or prohibition, similar to being under a vow. The plural is used to mean specifically a spell prohibiting some action, common in Irish folklore. It is this meaning of the plural which the article discusses. The equivalent Scottish Gaelic word, also used in English, is geas, a geasa can be compared with a curse or, paradoxically, a gift. If someone under a geasa violates the associated taboo, the infractor will suffer dishonor or even death, on the other hand, the observing of ones geasa is believed to bring power. Often it is women who place geasa upon men, in some cases the woman turns out to be a goddess or other sovereignty figure. The geasa is often a key device in hero tales, such as that of Cúchulainn in Irish mythology, for instance, Cúchulainn has a geasa to never eat dog meat, and he is also bound by a geasa to eat any food offered to him by a woman. When a hag offers him dog meat, he has no way to emerge from the situation unscathed, there is a considerable similarity between the Goidelic geasa and the Brythonic tynged. This is not surprising given the origins of many of the variants of Celtic mythology. Prohibitions and taboos similar to geasa are also found in more recent English literature, for example, in William Shakespeares play Macbeth, the title character believes he is safe because no man of woman born shall harm Macbeth. However, his nemesis Macduff was from his mothers womb untimely rippd, Irish mythology in popular culture, Geis Tynged
28.
Brown Opera Productions
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BOP produces a full-length opera every spring, and throughout the year produces concerts of classical vocal music on campus and in local hospitals, nursing homes, and schools. As the name implies, the group is composed of Brown University students, BOP does not charge admission for its performances but depends on individual donations. Brown Opera Productions was co-founded in 2005 by Michael Hadley ‘07, the inaugural Board consisted of Michael Hadley, Clara Schuhmacher, Christie Gibson, Kathryn Wallem, Emily Dunne, Kate Tsunoda, and Jonathan Ichikawa. Throughout its first year, the new organization produced a variety of on, in April, BOP presented Gian-Carlo Menottis “The Medium, ” Brown’s first-ever student-produced full-length opera. Over the subsequent years, BOP has grown to be one of the premiere Brown performing arts organizations, so far, BOP has produced six full-length operas BOP has also produced four scenes concerts, four children’s operas, and numerous arias concerts. Every fall, BOP puts on a fully staged operetta, in the fall operettas inaugural year, BOP performed Monsieur Choufleuri. In Fall 2010, BOP will produce Puccinis Gianni Schicchi, performances usually occur in Alumnae Hall on Pembroke Campus. A fully staged, fully orchestrated, completely student-run full opera put on every Spring, the directors, designers, production staff, and orchestra are all students. Directors and Music Directors are chosen at the end of the Fall semester, bOPs most recent Spring production was The Turn of the Screw by Benjamin Britten. Performances are usually in Alumnae Hall on Pembroke Campus, every year, BOP puts on an opera for children. Past productions have included a reduction of The Magic Flute, Hansel and Gretel, the childrens opera is only one of the many ways BOP reaches out to the Providence community. In 2010, BOP performed a reduction of the Magic Flute for the Providence Athenaeum on Benefit Street, BOP also has at least two nursing home concerts during the year and one in the summer. It is also planning to launch a music education program for surrounding Providence schools. BOP puts on short scenes from operas and operettas, with staging, singing. In the past BOP has done scenes from operas and operettas, including Porgy and Bess, The Magic Flute, Norma, The Threepenny Opera, Candide. Performances occur in venues across campus, including the Production Workshop upspace. Directors apply to direct scenes and singers audition to be placed within individual scenes and these concerts are great opportunities for vocalists to debut or to just sing something theyve been working on. Accompanists are provided, and people are encouraged to sing whatever they want, from Handel to John Cage, the Arias Concert takes place in Grant Recital Hall
29.
The Princess and the Frog
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The Princess and the Frog is a 2009 American animated musical romantic fantasy comedy-drama film produced by Walt Disney Animation Studios and released by Walt Disney Pictures. The 49th Disney animated feature film, the film is based on the novel The Frog Princess by E. D. Baker. Set in 1920s New Orleans, Louisiana, the tells the story of a hardworking waitress named Tiana who dreams of owning her own restaurant. After kissing a prince who has turned into a frog by an evil witch doctor, Tiana becomes a frog herself. The Princess and the Frog began production under the working title The Frog Princess and it marked Disneys return to traditional animation, as it was the studios first traditionally animated film since Home on the Range. Co-directors Ron Clements and John Musker, directors of Disneys highly successful films The Little Mermaid and Aladdin, returned to Disney to direct The Princess, cars, and the Toy Story trilogy. The film also marked the return of Disney animated musical films based on well-known stories since the Disney Renaissance, the Princess and the Frog opened in limited release in New York and Los Angeles on November 25,2009, and in wide release on December 11,2009. The film was successful at the box-office, ranking first place on its opening weekend in North America and it received three Academy Award nominations at the 82nd Academy Awards, one for Best Animated Feature and two for its achievement in music. It lost to Up and Crazy Heart, respectively, in 1912 New Orleans, a seamstress, Eudora, is reading the story of The Frog Prince to her daughter, Tiana, and her friend, Charlotte La Bouff. Charlotte finds the story to be romantic, while Tiana proclaims she will never kiss a frog, Prince Naveen of Maldonia arrives in New Orleans to better his financial situation. After being cut off by his parents, Naveen intends to marry a rich southern belle, Eli Big Daddy La Bouff, a rich sugar baron and Charlottes father, is hosting a masquerade ball in Naveens honor. Charlotte hires Tiana to make beignets for the ball, giving her money to buy an old sugar mill to convert into her restaurant. Meanwhile, Naveen and his valet, Lawrence, encounter voodoo witch doctor Dr. Facilier, Facilier intends for Lawrence to marry Charlotte, after which he will kill Big Daddy and claim his fortune. At the ball, Tiana discovers she may lose the mill to a higher bidder, Tiana then meets Naveen, who, believing her to be a princess because of her costume, asks her to kiss him and break Faciliers spell. In exchange for the money needed, Tiana accepts, but when she kisses Naveen, a chase ensues, and Tiana and Naveen escape to a bayou. At the bayou, Tiana and Naveen meet Louis, an alligator who longs to be human, and Ray. Louis and Ray offer to lead Tiana and Naveen to the hoodoo priestess Mama Odie, during this time, Tiana and Naveen develop feelings for each other. Meanwhile, Facilier makes a deal with the spirits, offering them the souls of the people of New Orleans in exchange for finding Naveen
30.
The Walt Disney Company
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The Walt Disney Company, commonly known as Disney, is an American diversified multinational mass media and entertainment conglomerate, headquartered at the Walt Disney Studios in Burbank, California. It is the second largest media conglomerate in terms of revenue. Disney was founded on October 16,1923 – by brothers Walt Disney, the company also operated under the names The Walt Disney Studio and then Walt Disney Productions. Taking on its current name in 1986, it expanded its operations and also started divisions focused upon theater, radio, music, publishing. In addition, Disney has since created corporate divisions in order to more mature content than is typically associated with its flagship family-oriented brands. The company is best known for the products of its studio, Walt Disney Studios. Disneys other three divisions are Walt Disney Parks and Resorts, Disney Media Networks, and Disney Consumer Products. The company has been a component of the Dow Jones Industrial Average since May 6,1991, Mickey Mouse, an early and well-known cartoon creation of the company, is a primary symbol and mascot for Disney. In early 1923, Kansas City, Missouri, animator Walt Disney created a film entitled Alices Wonderland. After the bankruptcy in 1923 of his previous firm, Laugh-O-Gram Studios, Disney moved to Hollywood to join his brother, Walt and Roy Disney formed Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio that same year. More animated films followed after Alice, in January 1926, with the completion of the Disney studio on Hyperion Street, the Disney Brothers Studios name was changed to the Walt Disney Studio. The distributor owned Oswald, so Disney only made a few hundred dollars, Disney completed 26 Oswald shorts before losing the contract in February 1928, due to a legal loophole, when Winklers husband Charles Mintz took over their distribution company. After failing to take over the Disney Studio, Mintz hired away four of Disneys primary animators to start his own animation studio, Snappy Comedies. In 1928, to recover from the loss of Oswald the Lucky Rabbit, Disney came up with the idea of a character named Mortimer while on a train headed to California. The mouse was later renamed Mickey Mouse and starred in several Disney produced films, ub Iwerks refined Disneys initial design of Mickey Mouse. Disneys first sound film Steamboat Willie, a cartoon starring Mickey, was released on November 18,1928 through Pat Powers distribution company and it was the first Mickey Mouse sound cartoon released, but the third to be created, behind Plane Crazy and The Gallopin Gaucho. Disney used Pat Powers Cinephone system, created by Powers using Lee De Forests Phonofilm system, Steamboat Willie premiered at B. S. Mosss Colony Theater in New York City, now The Broadway Theatre. Disneys Plane Crazy and The Galloping Gaucho were then retrofitted with synchronized sound tracks, Disney continued to produce cartoons with Mickey Mouse and other characters, and began the Silly Symphonies series with Columbia Pictures signing on as Symphonies distributor in August 1929
31.
The Frog Princess (novel)
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The Frog Princess is a childrens novel by E. D. Baker, first published in 2002. The 2009 Disney animated musical film, The Princess and the Frog, is loosely based on this novel. Emeralda, a. k. a. Emma is the princess, one of her most distinct traits is her unique laugh, which sounds like a donkeys bray. The only person that appreciates her is her aunt Grassina, the current Green Witch. When her mother, Queen Chartreuse, says she has to marry the stuck-up Prince Jorge from East Aradia, her worst enemy, the only problem is that he has been turned into a frog by the witch Mudine. Emma reluctantly kisses him, trying to reverse the spell, instead, annoyed and confused by this outcome, Emma and Eadric set off to find the witch that turned him into a frog and ask her to change them back. A dog persistently chases them throughout the journey, upon reaching the site where Eadric insulted the witch that transformed him, they find an ugly woman searching there. With the aid of Mudines former pets, the two escape and free all the prisoners. The animals confirm that Mudine has disappeared, so Emma suggests they go to Grassina for help, lil the bat and Fang the snake accompany them as protection during the journey, though Fang leaves after reuniting with his lover Clarise. Thus to transform back Emma and Eadric will have to kiss again while wearing the bracelet, Emma recalls that it was stolen by an otter, so the three head to the swamp to retrieve it. She passes herself off as a fairy and performs some magic to convince the otter to turn over the bracelet. The two transform back into humans, and the dog transforms as well and it turns out to be Eadrics horse that he had been riding on when he met Mudine, who had also cursed his steed. Returning to Grassina, she finds her aunt with the otter, the two couples make plans to convince their respective parents that theyve found their own true loves. She is very close to her niece Emma, Chartreuse – The queen of Greater Greensward, and Emmas mother. She has always had a relationship with her daughter. Lil – A bat who was held hostage at a witchs cabin, after Emma freed her, she decided to stay with Emma. Fang – A snake who was held hostage at a witchs cabin. When Emma freed him, he offers to them back to the castle
32.
Anika Noni Rose
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She also starred as Tiana, an African American princess in Walt Disney Pictures 2009 animated film The Princess and the Frog. In 2014, Rose played the role of Beneatha Younger in the Broadway revival of A Raisin in the Sun and she was named a Disney Legend in 2011. Rose was born in Bloomfield, Connecticut, in her high school freshman year, she appeared in a school production and caught the acting bug. She then attended Florida A&M University where she earned a Bachelors Degree in theatre, Rose moved to New York without a job. After three months, she secured the role of Rusty in Broadways Footloose and she followed Footloose with numerous workshops and two musicals using pre-existing song catalogs, Elis Comin Off-Broadway and Me and Mrs. Jones with Lou Rawls in Philadelphia. Both of the tuners were rumored for transfers, but neither made it anywhere after their limited engagements ended. Roses big Broadway break was getting cast as Emmie Thibodeaux in Caroline, in 2004, she was awarded the Theatre World Award, the Lucille Lortel Award for Outstanding Featured Actress, and the Tony Award for Best Featured Actress in a Musical for Caroline, or Change. In 2014, Rose returned to Broadway in a revival of A Raisin in the Sun, in 2006, Rose starred in Dreamgirls as Lorrell Robinson with Beyoncé Knowles, Jennifer Hudson, Jamie Foxx, and Eddie Murphy. Rose also stars alongside Jill Scott in The No.1 Ladies Detective Agency directed by Anthony Minghella, in 2010, she played the role of Yasmine in the movie For Colored Girls. One critic described Roses performance as especially fierce and she played the role of Sara Tidwell in the A&E miniseries Bag of Bones in 2011, based on the Stephen King novel of the same name. Rose was named a Disney Legend on August 19,2011, in 2012, she guest-starred in Gone Abie Gone, episode 3, season 24 of The Simpsons, voicing Abe Simpsons second wife, Rita LaFleur. The episode originally aired November 11 of that year, Rose played the adult Kizzy in two episodes of televisions Roots, an adaptation of the novel by Alex Haley and remake of the ground-breaking 1977 miniseries. Critic Alan Sepinwall, in suggesting Emmy nominees to the Academy of Television Arts & Sciences and she has a role in the Starz series Power and the leading role in the 2017 BET drama The Quad. Awards 1998, Dean Goodman Choice Award – Valley Song 1998, Garland/Drama Logue Award – Valley Song 1999, S. F
33.
Henry F. Urban
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Urban was a German American journalist, author, and playwright. Reportedly a descendant of Johann Heinrich Voss, Urban was raised in Berlin and he was naturalized as a U. S. citizen in 1899 in New York. His comedy Der Froschkönig, loosely derived from the Brothers Grimm fairy tale The Frog Prince, was staged at the Irving Place Theatre in 1918, preface to Drei Mann in einem Boot, vom Hunde ganz zu schweigen by Jerome K. Jerome, trans. Bienert, Michael, ed. Berlin, Verlag für Berlin-Brandenburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-942476-96-6 Works by, Urban in the German National Library
Works related to The Frog Prince at Wikisource
