1.
Drew Struzan
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Drew Struzan is an American artist known for his more than 150 movie posters, which include all the films in the Indiana Jones, Back to the Future, and Star Wars film series. He has also painted covers, collectibles, and book covers. Drew Struzan was born May 14,1947, in Oregon City, in 1965, at age 18, he enrolled at the Art Center College of Design, then in West Los Angeles, California. A counselor asked Struzan about his interests and told him he had a choice between fine art or illustration, the counselor described the two careers, telling Struzan that as a fine artist he could paint what he wanted, but as an illustrator he could paint for money. Struzan chose to be an illustrator, saying, I need to eat, in his first year, he married and became a father. Struzan worked his way through school by selling his artwork and accepting small commissions and he graduated in five years, earning a Bachelor of Arts degree with honors. He also completed two years of studies, and eventually returned to the school in later years, after the campus relocated to Pasadena. About his career, Struzan has said, I was poor and hungry, I had nothing as a child. I drew on toilet paper with pencils – that was the paper around. Probably why I love drawing so much today is because it was just all I had at the time. After graduating from college, Struzan remained in Los Angeles, and a trip to an employment agency found him a job as a staff artist for Pacific Eye & Ear, a design studio. There he began designing album covers under the direction of Ernie Cefalu, among these, Struzan illustrated the album cover artwork for Alice Coopers Welcome to My Nightmare, which Rolling Stone would go on to vote one of the Top 100 Album Covers Of All Time. Despite the burgeoning demand for his talents, however, Struzan was still only earning $150 to $250 per album cover, along with a friend with a background in the movie industry, Struzan started a small company, Pencil Pushers, in a collaboration that would last eight years. It was during this time that he honed his distinctive style and first became proficient in the use of the airbrush. His first film poster works started appearing in 1975, although in early days Struzan mainly did artwork for B-movies, such as Empire of the Ants, Food of the Gods. While his talent steadily grew in demand, it was his work done for a major science-fiction movie that would establish Struzan, White, uncomfortable with portraiture, asked Struzan for his help on the project. As such, Struzan painted the characters in oil paints and White focused on the ships, Darth Vader, C-3PO. The unique poster design, popularly called the Circus poster, depicts what appears to be a torn posted bill on a construction site wall
2.
Richard Donner
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Richard Donner is an American film director and producer. After directing the horror film The Omen, Donner became famous for directing the first modern film, Superman. Donner later went on to such films such as The Goonies and Scrooged, while reinvigorating the buddy film genre with Lethal Weapon. He and his wife, producer Lauren Shuler Donner, own the production company The Donners Company, in 2000, he received the Presidents Award from the Academy of Science Fiction, Fantasy & Horror Films. Film historian Michael Barson writes that Donner is one of Hollywoods most reliable makers of action blockbusters, Donner was born Richard Donald Schwartzberg in the Bronx, to Jewish parents, Hattie and Fred Schwartzberg. His father owned a furniture manufacturing business. Donner started his career with hopes of acting but quickly moved into directing commercials and he moved into television in the late 1950s, directing some episodes of the Steve McQueen western serial Wanted, Dead or Alive and the Chuck Connors western The Rifleman. In his early career as a director he worked on TV commercials and over twenty-five television series including Have Gun Will Travel, The Fugitive, get Smart, The Man from U. N. C. L. E. The Wild Wild West, Gilligans Island, Kojak, Tales from the Crypt and The Twilight Zone, Donner directed his first feature film in 1961, X-15, which starred Charles Bronson and Mary Tyler Moore. It was not until seven years later, however, that he directed his film, Salt and Pepper, with Sammy Davis Jr. His break-through film was The Omen, a supernatural thriller made in the wake of the success obtained by The Exorcist, the film stars Gregory Peck, David Warner and Lee Remick. It became the fifth highest-grossing movie of 1976, in 1978, Donner directed Superman, The Movie, starring Christopher Reeve in the title role. The film became a hit worldwide, projecting both Reeve and Donner to international fame, co-stars included Margot Kidder as Lois Lane, Marlon Brando as Jor-El and Gene Hackman as archvillain Lex Luthor. It succeeded at the box office, grossing $134 million domestically, principal photography of Superman included filming of its first sequel, Superman II. Donner filmed most of Superman II with the expectation he would complete the sequel after the release of Superman, despite the first films success, Donner was fired from Superman II. Throughout the filming of Superman and Superman II, Donner had a relationship with executive producers Alexander Salkind and Ilya Salkind. Following Donners dismissal, Marlon Brandos scenes were removed from Superman II, Gene Hackman refused to return for re-shoots, consequently, all the Lex Luthor scenes that appear in Superman II were filmed by Donner, although Donner received no onscreen credit for directing. Rotten Tomatoes summary states that Superman II meets, if not exceeds, Donner continued to promote the view his contribution was superior to rest of the series
3.
Chris Columbus (filmmaker)
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Chris Joseph Columbus is an American filmmaker. Home Alone received a British Comedy Award for Best Comedy Film, Columbus received an Academy Award nomination for producing The Help. Columbus was born in Spangler, Pennsylvania and raised in Champion, Ohio, the son of Mary Irene, a worker, and Alex Michael Columbus. Columbus is of Italian and Czech descent, Columbus worked as a screenwriter with Steven Spielbergs Amblin Entertainment, working on Gremlins, The Goonies and Young Sherlock Holmes. He wrote the first episodes of the animated series Galaxy High and later made his debut with the teen comedy Adventures in Babysitting. His directorial work includes Home Alone, Only the Lonely, Home Alone 2, Lost in New York, the character types preferred by Columbus are the everyday American men, women, and children who struggle to uphold family traditions against a changing, sometimes intimidating society. In 1993, he said, I can understand the validity of showing people the ugliness of the world, if your film isnt going to do that, I just dont think its worth making. Columbus created the House of Secrets book series with Ned Vizzini and co-founded a new studio called ZAG Animation Studios with Saban Capital Group. In 1982, Columbus married Monica Devereux, with whom he has four children, Eleanor, Violet, Brendan, Columbus lives in San Franciscos Pacific Heights. Columbus and his wife listed their Pacific Heights home for sale in September 2013 for $12. 995M and his children attend or previously attended Saint Ignatius College Preparatory. He donated money to the school for a new building, many of Columbus family members —including his children, his wife, his mother, his father-in-law, and his cousin Robert Ayres— have appeared in cameo roles in his films. Particularly, his own daughter, Eleanor, portrayed the Hogwarts student Susan Bones in the first two Harry Potter films
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Steven Spielberg
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Steven Allan Spielberg, KBE, OMRI is an American director, producer, and screenwriter. He is considered one of the pioneers of the New Hollywood era. He is also one of the co-founders of DreamWorks Studios, in a career spanning more than four decades, Spielbergs films have spanned many themes and genres. His other films include Jurassic Park, A. I, artificial Intelligence, and War of the Worlds. Spielberg won the Academy Award for Best Director for Schindlers List and Saving Private Ryan, three of Spielbergs films—Jaws, E. T. the Extra-Terrestrial, and Jurassic Park—achieved box office records, originated and came to epitomize the blockbuster film. The unadjusted gross of all Spielberg-directed films exceeds $9 billion worldwide and his personal net worth is estimated to be more than $3 billion. Spielberg was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, to an Orthodox Jewish family and his mother, Leah Posner, was a restaurateur and concert pianist, and his father, Arnold Spielberg, was an electrical engineer involved in the development of computers. His paternal grandparents were immigrants from Ukraine who settled in Cincinnati in the first decade of the 1900s, in 1950, his family moved to Haddon Township, New Jersey when his father took a job with RCA. Three years later, the moved to Phoenix, Arizona. Spielberg attended Hebrew school from 1953 to 1957, in classes taught by Rabbi Albert L. Lewis, as a child, Spielberg faced difficulty reconciling being an Orthodox Jew with the perception of him by other children he played with. It isnt something I enjoy admitting, he said, but when I was seven, eight, nine years old, God forgive me. I was embarrassed by the perception of my parents Jewish practices. I was never really ashamed to be Jewish, but I was uneasy at times, Spielberg also said he suffered from acts of anti-Semitic prejudice and bullying, In high school, I got smacked and kicked around. His first home movie was of a wreck involving his toy Lionel trains. Throughout his early teens, and after entering school, Spielberg continued to make amateur 8 mm adventure films. In 1958, he became a Boy Scout and fulfilled a requirement for the merit badge by making a nine-minute 8 mm film entitled The Last Gunfight. Years later, Spielberg recalled to an interviewer, My dads still-camera was broken. He said yes, and I got an idea to do a Western, I made it and got my merit badge
5.
Sean Astin
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Sean Patrick Astin is an American actor, director, voice artist, and producer. He is known for his roles as Samwise Gamgee in The Lord of the Rings trilogy, Mikey Walsh in The Goonies. Astin was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of actress Patty Duke, at the time, it was reported that entertainer Desi Arnaz, Jr. was his biological father. When Michael Tell, a writer, music promoter and publisher of the newspaper The Las Vegas Israelite, came to sublet her apartment and offered to marry her as a way out of the scandal, Duke agreed. The marriage lasted only 13 days in 1970, and ended long before Astin was born, on August 5,1972, Duke married actor John Astin, after having been in a relationship with him for two years. When the wedding guests were invited to speak, 18-month-old Astin looked at John and cried, Daddy. to which the Episcopal priest performing the ceremony remarked, Well, in 1973, Duke gave birth to Astins brother, Mackenzie Astin, who also became an actor. Duke and John Astin divorced in 1985, Duke married Mike Pearce in 1986, and they adopted a son, Kevin, in 1989. When he was 14, Duke told Astin that Arnaz was his father, however, in his mid-20s, Astin met a relative of Michael Tell who suggested they were related. Sean set out to find the truth about his biological father, Astin maintains close relationships with all three men, saying, Desi Arnaz Jr. loves me, and I love him. We are so close. Science tells me. that hes not my biological father, Science tells me that Mike Tell is. Astin considers John his father, as John was the one who raised him, Astin is also close to his stepfather, Mike Pearce, saying, I can call any of them on the phone any time I want to, says Sean. John, Desi, Mike or Papa Mike. my four dads, Astin is of German and Irish ancestry through his mother, and Austrian German through his biological father. He graduated from UCLA with a B. A. in History, an alumnus of Los Angeles Valley College, Astin served on the schools board of directors of the Patrons Association and the Arts Council. Astins first acting role was in a 1981 television movie titled Please Dont Hit Me, Mom and he made his film debut at age 13 as Mikey in The Goonies. After The Goonies, Astin appeared in more films, including the Disney made-for-TV movie. In 1994, Astin directed and co-produced the short film Kangaroo Court, many awards were bestowed upon the trilogy, particularly its final installment, which earned eleven Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Throughout the filming process, Astin became close friends with several cast members, Astins daughter, Alexandra, is in the closing scene of The Return of the King. She plays his daughter, Elanor Gamgee, who runs out to him as he returns from the harbor
6.
Josh Brolin
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Josh James Brolin is an American actor. His first role was in the 1985 film The Goonies, other roles include Hollow Man, In the Valley of Elah, American Gangster, True Grit, and Sin City, A Dame to Kill For. In 2015, he appeared in Everest and Sicario, Brolin was born in Santa Monica, California, the son of Jane Cameron, a wildlife activist who was a native of Corpus Christi, Texas, and actor James Brolin. Brolin was raised on a ranch in Templeton, California, with exposure to his fathers acting career. His parents divorced when he was 16 years old, in 1998 his father married his third wife, singer/actress Barbra Streisand. Brolin became interested in acting after taking an acting class in high school. Brolin explained in a 2014 interview that during his teenage years, in his description of the group, he stated, It was Santa Barbara. You either had the children of rich, neglectful parents or children of poor, neglectful parents, but we basically grew up the same way. Ive never seen a group like that before or since. He admitted to stealing cars to pay for his use, which included heroin, a drug that he explained he did not like, I mean, I never got into it and I never died from it. The majority of the friends whom he grew up with died, Brolin started his career in TV films and guest spots on TV shows before getting a more notable role as Brand Walsh in the Richard Donner-directed film The Goonies. He was considered for the role of Tom Hanson in the series 21 Jump Street, he and Johnny Depp were the finalists for the role, the role was ultimately awarded to Depp. Brolin guest-starred in an episode of the show in its first season, Brolin implied that he turned away from film acting for years after the premiere of his second film, Thrashin, where he witnessed what he called horrendous acting on his part. For several years, he appeared in roles in Rochester, New York, often alongside mentor. One of Brolins more prominent roles early in his career was that of Wild Bill Hickok in the ABC western TV series The Young Riders, which lasted three seasons. Two other TV series he was involved in include the Aaron Spelling production Winnetka Road and Mister Sterling and he also played the lead role in the Coen brothers Academy Award-winning film No Country for Old Men. Brolin also starred in another Oliver Stone film in 2008 called W. a biopic about key events in the life of President George W. Bush, Stone pursued an initially hesitant Brolin for the role. He made news by wearing a White Knot to the Academy Awards ceremony to demonstrate solidarity with the equality movement
7.
Corey Feldman
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Corey Scott Feldman is an American actor and singer. Feldman is also the singer for the rock band Truth Movement. Feldman was born in Reseda, California, the son of musician Bob Feldman, Feldman was raised Jewish, and also holds beliefs in the paranormal. He has a sister, Mindy, a member of The New Mickey Mouse Club. Feldman started his career at the age of three, appearing in a McDonalds commercial. In his youth he appeared in over 100 television commercials and on 50 television series, including The Bad News Bears, Mork & Mindy, Eight is Enough, One Day at a Time and he debuted in the films Time After Time and Disneys The Fox and the Hound. In 1981, he appeared in NBCs musical comedy childrens special How to Eat Like a Child alongside other child stars Billy Jacoby. Feldman then went on to feature in several high-grossing movies in a row, the movies included Friday the 13th, The Final Chapter, Gremlins, The Goonies, and Stand By Me, the latter alongside River Phoenix, Wil Wheaton, and Jerry OConnell. In 1987, Feldman appeared with Corey Haim in The Lost Boys, in which he played Edgar Frog, the Lost Boys marked the first onscreen pairing of Feldman and Haim, who became known as The Two Coreys. The pair went on to star in a string of films, including License to Drive, Feldman also did the voice of Donatello in the original live action Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles movie. He continued working with his friend Corey Haim on independent films, including a sequel to their last mainstream film together, in 1996, Feldman directed his first and thus far only motion picture, a slapstick comedy called Busted where Haim played a leading role. This would be the last film that they would do as The Two Coreys, in the late 1990s, Feldman starred in the CBS series Dweebs and then released his second album, Still Searching for Soul, with his band Corey Feldmans Truth Movement. In 1996, Feldman appeared alongside his former Stand By Me co-star Jerry OConnell in the episode Electric Twister Acid Test of the Fox Network series Sliders, in 1999, Feldman appeared in New Found Glorys Hit or Miss music video as Officer Corey Feldman. In 1999, he made an appearance in the television series The Crow, in 2002, Feldman released a solo album, Former Child Actor, and promoted it with a second US tour. In 2003, he appeared in the first celebrity-driven reality series The Surreal Life on The WB, on the show, he publicly married Susie Sprague. The next year, he made a appearance in the film Dickie Roberts. He appeared in the Moby music video We Are All Made of Stars, demonic Toys which aired December 18,2004 on NBCUniversals Syfy network. In 2005, Feldman made his debut in the positively reviewed off-Broadway play Fatal Attraction, a Greek Tragedy
8.
Martha Plimpton
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Martha Campbell Plimpton is an American stage, film, and television actress, singer, and former model. Her feature film debut was in The River Rat before rising to prominence in the Richard Donner film The Goonies and she has also appeared in The Mosquito Coast, Running on Empty, Parenthood, Samantha, Raising Hope and Small Town Murder Songs. She is recognized on Broadway for her roles in The Coast of Utopia, Top Girls, Pal Joey and she has performed in theatre productions of The Playboy of the Western World, A Midsummer Nights Dream, The Glass Menagerie, The Sisters Rosensweig, and Uncle Vanya. She returned to Broadway in the fall of 2014 in a revival of A Delicate Balance co-starring Glenn Close, Plimpton currently stars in The Real ONeals, an ABC sitcom that premiered on March 2,2016. In 2009 Plimpton played as a helpless mom being robbed by two criminals in the music video Bully by Three Days Grace for their album Life Starts Now. Plimpton played Virginia Chance on the Fox sitcom Raising Hope, which earned her a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Lead Actress in a Comedy Series. She has also received three Tony Award nominations as well as a Primetime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Guest Actress in a Drama Series in 2002 and she won an Emmy for the same category in 2012 as attorney Patti Nyholm in the CBS legal drama The Good Wife. Plimpton was born in New York City and she is the daughter of actors Keith Carradine and Shelley Plimpton. Her parents met while performing in the original Broadway run of Hair and her paternal grandfather was actor John Carradine. She is a distant cousin of writer and editor George Plimpton. She attended the Professional Childrens School in Manhattan and her first stage appearance was when her mother brought her on stage in costume for the curtain call of the short-lived Broadway play The Leaf People then another play in The Ass and the Heart. Plimpton began her career as a model, securing an early 1980s campaign for Calvin Klein, making an impression as a sophisticated and she made her feature film debut in 1981, when at the age of eleven, she had a small role in the film Rollover. In 1984, she appeared in the Deep South drama The River Rat opposite Tommy Lee Jones and her breakthrough performance was as Stef Steinbrenner in the 1985 film The Goonies. She also appeared that year on the sitcom Family Ties and this began Plimpton being cast in the role of a rebellious tomboy, beginning with her performance as the Reverend Spellgood s daughter in the 1986 film The Mosquito Coast, starring Harrison Ford. The critically praised but commercially unsuccessful 1987 film Shy People was followed by a performance in the 1988 ensemble comedy Stars and Bars and this was released shortly before Running on Empty, an Academy Award-nominated film starring River Phoenix, for which she was nominated for a Young Artist Award. She began a career making small independent film appearances with supporting roles in big-budget films and she appeared in the 1988 Woody Allen film Another Woman. She co-starred with Jami Gertz as a patient in the German film Zwei Frauen. The film was nominated for Outstanding Feature Film at the German Film Awards, Plimpton shaved her head to play a cancer patient in Zwei Frauen
9.
Dave Grusin
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Robert David Dave Grusin is an American composer, arranger, producer, and pianist. He has composed scores for feature films and television, and has won numerous awards for his soundtrack and record work, including an Academy Award. He has had a recording career as an artist, arranger, producer. He is the co-founder of GRP Records, born in Littleton, Colorado, he studied music at the University of Colorado at Boulder and was awarded his degree in 1956. He produced his first single, Subways Are for Sleeping, in 1962, other scores followed, including Winning, The Friends of Eddie Coyle, The Midnight Man, and Three Days of the Condor. In the late 1970s, he started GRP Records with his business partner, Larry Rosen and he was the composer for The Graduate, On Golden Pond, Tootsie and The Goonies. In 1988, he won the Oscar for best original score for The Milagro Beanfield War, from 2000 through 2011, Grusin concentrated on composing classical and jazz compositions, touring and recording with collaborators, including guitarist Lee Ritenour. Their album Harlequin won a Grammy Award in 1985 and their classical crossover albums, Two Worlds and Amparo, were nominated for Grammys. Grusin was born in Littleton, Colorado, the son of Rosabelle, a pianist, and Henri Grusin, an alumnus of the University of Colorado at Boulder, College of Music, he was awarded his bachelors degree in 1956. Among his teachers there were Cecil Effinger and Wayne Scott, longtime pianist, arranger, Grusin has a filmography of about 100 titles. He also received a Best Original Song nomination for It Might Be You from the film Tootsie, six of the fourteen cuts on the soundtrack from The Graduate are his. Other film scores he has composed include Where Were You When the Lights Went Out, Three Days of the Condor, The Goonies, Tequila Sunrise, Hope Floats, Random Hearts, The Heart is a Lonely Hunter and The Firm. In addition, he composed the original opening fanfare for film studio TriStar Pictures. Elsewhere, and, for Televisa in Mexico, Tres Generaciones and he also composed music for individual episodes of each of those shows. His other TV credits include The Wild Wild West, The Girl from U. N. C. L. E. and Columbo, Prescription and he also did the theme song for One Life to Live from 1984–1992. Since its beginning in 1984, the Minneapolis-St. Paul regional weekly news, Grusin assisted in 1966 as musical director and arranger also for two years the Catarina Valente TV show and lived longer times in Amsterdam. About 35 Grusin CD titles are available including soundtracks, originals, collections, and homages to jazz greats George Gershwin, Duke Ellington. Recently he has turned his attention to his own compositions, as in much of his career, these defy easy classification
10.
Amblin Entertainment
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Amblin Entertainment is an American film and television production company founded by director and producer Steven Spielberg and film producers Kathleen Kennedy and Frank Marshall in 1981. The companys headquarters are located on the backlot of Universal Studios in Universal City, Amblin is named after Spielbergs first commercially released film, Amblin, a short independent film about a man and woman hitchhiking through the desert. The film, which cost $15,000 to produce, was shown for Universal Studios, although Amblin is an independent production company, Universal distributes many Amblin productions, and Amblin operates out of a building on the Universal lot. Its logo features the silhouette of E. T. riding in the basket on Elliotts bicycle flying in front of the moon from the 1982 movie, J. Abrams, The Coen Brothers, and Simon Wells. Most of these directors are close friends of Spielberg, who has a producer or producer credit on many. Amblins most critically acclaimed production is Schindlers List, which was nominated for twelve Academy Awards, winning seven, a companion study guide for it, Facing History, was prepared through a grant from Amblin and Universal. Amblins television series credits include Amazing Stories, Tiny Toon Adventures, seaQuest DSV, Animaniacs, Earth 2, Pinky and the Brain, ER, Freakazoid. Back to the Future, Family Dog, The Spooktacular New Adventures of Casper, Fievels American Tails, The Land Before Time and Men in Black, the animated title Fievels American Tails and others were produced by Amblins animation division Amblimation, which was active from 1991 until 1995. Another studio which has distributed many Amblin productions is Warner Bros, dreamWorks has distributed a number of Amblin productions since 1994. Asterisked films indicate that Steven Spielberg is uncredited or uninvolved, back to the Future, The Ride, a simulator ride at Universal Studios Japan. Also existed at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood, gremlins Invasion, a ride at Warner Bros. Jurassic Park, The Ride, a ride at Universal Studios Hollywood. Men in Black, Alien Attack, a ride at Universal Studios Florida. Roger Rabbits Car Toon Spin, a ride in Mickeys Toontown. Twister. Ride it Out, a ride at Universal Studios Florida. E. T. Adventure, a ride at Universal Studios Florida. Also existed at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Studios Japan, Amblin Entertainment at the Internet Movie Database
11.
Warner Bros.
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Entertainment Inc. – colloquially known as Warner Bros. or Warner Bros. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios, Warner Bros. is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America. The companys name originated from the four founding Warner brothers, Harry, Albert, Sam, Jack, the youngest, was born in London, Ontario. The three elder brothers began in the theater business, having acquired a movie projector with which they showed films in the mining towns of Pennsylvania. In the beginning, Sam and Albert Warner invested $150 to present Life of an American Fireman and they opened their first theater, the Cascade, in New Castle, Pennsylvania, in 1903. When the original building was in danger of being demolished, the modern Warner Bros. called the current building owners, the owners noted people across the country had asked them to protect it for its historical significance. In 1904, the Warners founded the Pittsburgh-based Duquesne Amusement & Supply Company, in 1912, Harry Warner hired an auditor named Paul Ashley Chase. By the time of World War I they had begun producing films, in 1918 they opened the first Warner Bros. studio on Sunset Boulevard in Hollywood. Sam and Jack produced the pictures, while Harry and Albert, along with their auditor and now controller Chase, handled finance and distribution in New York City. During World War I their first nationally syndicated film, My Four Years in Germany, on April 4,1923, with help from money loaned to Harry by his banker Motley Flint, they formally incorporated as Warner Brothers Pictures, Incorporated. The first important deal was the acquisition of the rights to Avery Hopwoods 1919 Broadway play, The Gold Diggers, however, Rin Tin Tin, a dog brought from France after World War I by an American soldier, established their reputation. Rin Tin Tin debuted in the feature Where the North Begins, the movie was so successful that Jack signed the dog to star in more films for $1,000 per week. Rin Tin Tin became the top star. Jack nicknamed him The Mortgage Lifter and the success boosted Darryl F. Zanucks career, Zanuck eventually became a top producer and between 1928 and 1933 served as Jacks right-hand man and executive producer, with responsibilities including day-to-day film production. More success came after Ernst Lubitsch was hired as head director, lubitschs film The Marriage Circle was the studios most successful film of 1924, and was on The New York Times best list for that year. Despite the success of Rin Tin Tin and Lubitsch, Warners remained a lesser studio, Sam and Jack decided to offer Broadway actor John Barrymore the lead role in Beau Brummel. The film was so successful that Harry signed Barrymore to a contract, like The Marriage Circle. By the end of 1924, Warner Bros. was arguably Hollywoods most successful independent studio, as the studio prospered, it gained backing from Wall Street, and in 1924 Goldman Sachs arranged a major loan
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Astoria, Oregon
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Astoria is the seat of Clatsop County, Oregon, United States. Situated near the mouth of the Columbia River, the city was named after the American investor John Jacob Astor and his American Fur Company founded Fort Astoria at the site in 1811,206 years ago. Astoria was incorporated by the Oregon Legislative Assembly on October 20,1876 and it holds the distinction of being the first permanent United States settlement on the Pacific coast and for having the first U. S. post office west of the Rocky Mountains. Located on the shore of the Columbia River, the city is served by the deepwater Port of Astoria. The population was 9,477 at the 2010 census, the Lewis and Clark Expedition spent the winter of 1805–06 at Fort Clatsop, a small log structure south and west of modern-day Astoria. The expedition had hoped a ship would come by to take them back east, today the fort has been recreated and is now a historical park. In 1811, British explorer David Thompson, the first person known to have navigated the length of the Columbia River. He arrived just two months after the Pacific Fur Companys ship, the Tonquin, the fort constructed by the Tonquin party established Astoria as a U. S. rather than a British, settlement. It became a vital post for American exploration of the continent and was used as an American claim in the Oregon boundary dispute with European nations. The Pacific Fur Company, a subsidiary of John Jacob Astors American Fur Company, was created to begin fur trading in the Oregon Country, during the War of 1812, in 1813, the companys officers sold its assets to their Canadian rivals, the North West Company. The fur trade would remain under British control until U. S. pioneers following the Oregon Trail began filtering into the town in the mid-1840s, the Treaty of 1818 established joint U. S. – British occupancy of the Oregon Country, in 1846, the Oregon Treaty divided the mainland at the 49th parallel north, and the southern portion of Vancouver Island south of this line was awarded to the British. Washington Irving, a prominent American writer with a European reputation, was approached by John Jacob Astor to mythologize the three-year reign of his Pacific Fur Company, Astoria, written while Irving was Astors guest, cemented the importance of the region in the American psyche. The first U. S. post office west of the Rocky Mountains was established in Astoria in 1847, Astoria attracted a host of immigrants beginning in the late 19th century, Nordic settlers, primarily Finns, and Chinese soon became larger parts of the population. By the late 1800s, 22% of Astorias population was Chinese, in 1883, and again in 1922, downtown Astoria was devastated by fire, partly because it was mostly wood and entirely raised off the marshy ground on pilings. Even after the first fire, the format was used. Frantic citizens resorted to dynamite, blowing up entire buildings to stop the fire from going further, Astorias economy centered on fishing, fish processing, and lumber. The lumber industry declined, Astoria Plywood Mill, the citys largest employer, closed in 1989
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Cult film
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A cult film, also commonly referred to as a cult classic, is a film that has acquired a cult following. Cult films are known for their dedicated, passionate fanbase, a subculture that engage in repeated viewings, quoting dialogue. Inclusive definitions allow for major productions, especially box office bombs, while exclusive definitions focus more on obscure. The difficulty in defining the term and subjectivity of what qualifies as a cult film mirror classificatory disputes about art, Cult films trace their origin back to controversial and suppressed films kept alive by dedicated fans. In some cases, reclaimed or rediscovered films have acquired cult followings decades after their original release, Other cult films have since become well-respected or reassessed as classics, there is debate as to whether these popular and accepted films are still cult films. After failing in the cinema, some films have become regular fixtures on cable television or profitable sellers on home video. Others have inspired their own film festivals, Cult films can both appeal to specific subcultures and form their own subcultures. Other media that reference cult films can easily identify which demographics they desire to attract, Cult films frequently break cultural taboos, and many feature excessive displays of violence, gore, sexuality, profanity, or combinations thereof. This can lead to controversy, censorship, and outright bans, films that fail to attract requisite amounts of controversy may face resistance when labeled as cult films. Fans who like the films for the reasons, such as perceived elements that represent mainstream appeal and marketing. Likewise, fans who stray from accepted subcultural scripts may experience similar rejection, since the late 1970s, cult films have become increasingly popular. Films that once would have limited to obscure cult followings are now capable of breaking into the mainstream. Films are frequently stated to be an instant cult classic now, fickle fans on the Internet have latched on to unreleased films only to abandon them later on release. At the same time, other films have acquired massive, quick cult followings, easy access to cult films via video on demand and peer-to-peer file sharing has led some critics to pronounce the death of cult films. A cult film is any film that has a following, although the term is not easily defined. Cult films are defined by audience reaction as much as they are content and this may take the form of elaborate and ritualized audience participation, film festivals, or cosplay. Over time, the definition has become more vague and inclusive as it drifts away from earlier, stricter views, academic Mark Shiel has criticized the term itself as being a weak concept, reliant on subjectivity, different groups can interpret films in their own terms. Academic Mike Chopra‑Gant says that cult films become decontextualized when studied as a group, in 2008, Cineaste asked a range of academics for their definition of a cult film
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National Film Registry
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The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion
15.
Library of Congress
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The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States, the Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D. C. it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. The Library of Congress claims to be the largest library in the world and its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages. Two-thirds of the books it acquires each year are in other than English. The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for years in the temporary national capitals of New York. John J. Beckley, who became the first Librarian of Congress, was two dollars per day and was required to also serve as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s, most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books. After a period of growth, another fire struck the Library in its Capitol chambers in 1851, again destroying a large amount of the collection. The Library received the right of transference of all copyrighted works to have two copies deposited of books, maps, illustrations and diagrams printed in the United States. It also began to build its collections of British and other European works and it included several stories built underground of steel and cast iron stacks. Although the Library is open to the public, only high-ranking government officials may check out books, the Library promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book, and Poet Laureate. James Madison is credited with the idea for creating a congressional library, part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress. And for fitting up an apartment for containing them. Books were ordered from London and the collection, consisting of 740 books and 3 maps, was housed in the new Capitol, as president, Thomas Jefferson played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. The new law also extended to the president and vice president the ability to borrow books and these volumes had been left in the Senate wing of the Capitol. One of the only congressional volumes to have survived was a government account book of receipts and it was taken as a souvenir by a British Commander whose family later returned it to the United States government in 1940. Within a month, former president Jefferson offered to sell his library as a replacement
16.
Foreclosure
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Formally, a mortgage lender, or other lienholder, obtains a termination of a mortgage borrower s equitable right of redemption, either by court order or by operation of law. Usually a lender obtains a security interest from a borrower who mortgages or pledges an asset like a house to secure the loan. If the borrower defaults and the lender tries to repossess the property, while this equitable right exists, it is a cloud on title and the lender cannot be sure that they can successfully repossess the property. Therefore, through the process of foreclosure, the lender seeks to foreclose the equitable right of redemption, other lien holders can also foreclose the owners right of redemption for other debts, such as for overdue taxes, unpaid contractors bills or overdue homeowners association dues or assessments. Commonly, the violation of the mortgage is a default in payment of a promissory note, the mortgage holder can usually initiate foreclosure at a time specified in the mortgage documents, typically some period of time after a default condition occurs. Within the United States, Canada and many countries, several types of foreclosure exist. In the U. S. two of them – namely, by sale and by power of sale – are widely used. Under this system, the lender initiates foreclosure by filing a lawsuit against the borrower, as with all other legal actions, all parties must be notified of the foreclosure, but notification requirements vary significantly from state to state. A judicial decision is announced after the exchange of pleadings at a hearing in a state or local court, in some rather rare instances, foreclosures are filed in federal courts. In some states, like California and Texas, nearly all so-called mortgages are actually deeds of trust and this process involves the sale of the property by the mortgage holder without court supervision. This process is much faster and cheaper than foreclosure by judicial sale. As in judicial sale, the holder and other lien holders are respectively first. Other types of foreclosure are considered minor because of their limited availability, should the mortgagor fail to do so, the mortgage holder gains the title to the property with no obligation to sell it. This type of foreclosure is available only when the value of the property is less than the debt. Historically, strict foreclosure was the method of foreclosure. Acceleration is a clause that is found in Sections 16,17. Not all accelerations are the same for each mortgage, as it depends on the terms, when a term in the mortgage has been broken, the acceleration clause goes into effect. It can declare the entire debt to the Lender if the Borrower were to transfer the title at a future date to a purchaser
17.
Country club
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A country club is a privately owned club, often with a closed membership, that generally offers both a variety of recreational sports and facilities for dining and entertaining. Typical athletic offerings are golf, tennis, and swimming, a country club is most commonly located in city outskirts or suburbs, and is distinguished from an urban athletic club by having substantial grounds for outdoor activities. Country clubs originated in Scotland and first appeared in the US in the early 1880s, Country clubs had a profound effect on expanding suburbanization and are considered to be the precursor to gated community development. Country clubs can be exclusive organizations, in small towns, membership in the country club is often not as exclusive or expensive as in larger cities where there is competition for a limited number of memberships. In addition to the fees, some clubs have additional requirements to join, for example, membership can be limited to those who reside in a particular housing community. Country clubs were founded by upper-class elites between 1880 and 1930, by 1907, country clubs were claimed to be “the very essence of American upper-class. ”The number of country clubs increased exponentially with industrialization, the rise in incomes, and suburbanization in the 1920s. During the 1920s, country clubs acted as community social centers, however, the number of country clubs decreased drastically during the Great Depression for lack of membership funding. Historically, many country clubs refused to admit members of minority groups as well those of specific faiths, such as Jews. This was known as being “restricted”, discrimination was not limited to clubs founded by Protestants. Beginning in the 1960s civil rights lawsuits forced clubs to drop exclusionary policies, the Philadelphia Cricket Club is the oldest country club in the United States. Country Club Of Salisbury is also one of the oldest country clubs in the U. S, Country clubs exist in multiple forms, including athletic-based clubs and golf clubs. Examples are the Breakfast Point Country Club in Sydney, the Castle Hill Country Club, the Gold Coast Polo & Country Club, Elanora Country Club, in Japan, almost all golf clubs are called Country Clubs by their owners. Private ski area Gentlemens club, a social club Gymkhana
18.
Doubloon
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The doubloon was a two-escudo or 32-real gold coin, weighing 6.867 grams in 1537, and 6.766 grams from 1728, of.92 fine gold. Doubloons were minted in Spain, Mexico, Peru, and Nueva Granada, the term was first used to describe the golden excelente either because of its value of two ducats or because of the double portrait of Ferdinand and Isabella. In the New World, Spanish gold coins were minted in one, the two escudo piece was called a pistole, the large eight escudo coin was called a quadruple pistole or, at first, a double doubloon. English colonists would come to call it the Spanish doubloon, after the War of 1812, doubloons were valued in Nova Scotia at the rate of £4 and became the dominant coin there. Doubloons marked 2 S are equivalent to four dollars in US gold coins and were traded in that manner, small 1/2-escudo coins have no value marked on them but were worth a Spanish milled dollar in trade. In Spain, doubloons were current up to the middle of the 19th century, Isabella II of Spain replaced an escudo-based coinage with decimal reales in 1859, and replaced the 6. 77-gram doblón with a new heavier doblón worth 100 reales and weighing 8.3771 grams. The last Spanish doubloons were minted in 1849, after their independence, the former Spanish colonies of Mexico, Peru and Nueva Granada continued to mint doubloons. Doubloons have also been minted in Portuguese colonies, where they went by the name dobrão, Spanish dollar, also known as a piece of eight Brasher Doubloon Moby Dick Coin
19.
Treasure map
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A treasure map is a map that marks the location of buried treasure, a lost mine, a valuable secret or a hidden locale. More common in fiction than in reality, pirate treasure maps are often depicted in works of fiction as hand drawn and containing arcane clues for the characters to follow. Regardless of the literary use, anything that meets the broad definition of a map that describes the location of a treasure could appropriately be called a treasure map. One of the earliest known instances of a document listing buried treasure is the copper scroll, believed to have been written between 50 and 100 AD, the scroll contains a list of 63 locations with detailed directions pointing to hidden treasures of gold and silver. Thus far, no item mentioned in the scroll has been found, scholars remain divided on whether the copper scroll represents real burials, and, if so, the total measurements and the owners. Although buried pirate treasure is a literary theme, there are very few documented cases of pirates actually burying treasure. Drake did not create a map, another case in 1720 involved British Captain Stratton of the Prince Eugene who, after supposedly trading rum with pirates in the Caribbean, buried his gold near the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay. One of his crew, Morgan Miles, turned him in to the authorities, in any case, Captain Stratton was not a pirate, and made no map. The pirate most responsible for the legends of buried pirate treasure was Captain Kidd, over the years many people have tried to find the supposed remnants of Kidds treasure on Gardiners Island and elsewhere, but none has ever been found. Over the years people have claimed to have discovered maps and other clues that led to pirate treasure. These claims are not supported by scholars, in 1595, the English explorer Sir Walter Raleigh set out to find the legendary city of El Dorado. Cartographer Jodocus Hondius included El Dorado in his 1598 map of South America, the city remained on maps of South America until as late as 1808 and spawned numerous unsuccessful hunts for the city. The treasure map may serve several purposes as a device in works of fiction, Motivation. Plot exposition, explaining in a way where the characters must go on their quest. To illustrate, at points in the story, how far the quest has progressed. To provide challenges or obstacles for the characters, such as riddles or puzzles, to provide conflict where, for example, evildoers attempt to capture the map from the protagonists. Robert Louis Stevenson popularized the treasure map idea in his novel Treasure Island, in the 1985 film The Goonies, an old treasure map leads to the secret stash of a legendary 17th-century pirate. In the 1994 comedy City Slickers II, The Legend of Curlys Gold, in the 1995 film Waterworld, an extremely vague and cryptic treasure map has been tattooed on the back of the child character Enola
20.
Piracy
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Piracy is an act of robbery or criminal violence by ship- or boat-borne attackers upon another ship or a coastal area, typically with the goal of stealing cargo and other valuable items or properties. Those who engage in acts of piracy are called pirates, the earliest documented instances of piracy were in the 14th century BC, when the Sea Peoples, a group of ocean raiders, attacked the ships of the Aegean and Mediterranean civilizations. Narrow channels which funnel shipping into predictable routes have long created opportunities for piracy, as well as for privateering and commerce raiding. Historic examples include the waters of Gibraltar, the Strait of Malacca, Madagascar, the Gulf of Aden, a land-based parallel is the ambushing of travelers by bandits and brigands in highways and mountain passes. While the term can include acts committed in the air, on land, or in major bodies of water or on a shore. It does not normally include crimes committed against people traveling on the vessel as the perpetrator. Piracy or pirating is the name of a crime under customary international law. They also use larger vessels, known as ships, to supply the smaller motorboats. The international community is facing challenges in bringing modern pirates to justice. In the 2000s, a number of nations have used their naval forces to protect ships from pirate attacks. The English pirate is derived from the Latin term pirata and that from Greek πειρατής, brigand, in turn from πειράομαι, I attempt, from πεῖρα, attempt, the meaning of the Greek word peiratēs literally is one who attacks. The word is cognate to peril. The term is first attested to c, spelling was not standardised until the eighteenth century, and spellings such as pirrot, pyrate and pyrat were used until this period. It may be reasonable to assume that piracy has existed for as long as the oceans were plied for commerce, the earliest documented instances of piracy are the exploits of the Sea Peoples who threatened the ships sailing in the Aegean and Mediterranean waters in the 14th century BC. In classical antiquity, the Phoenicians, Illyrians and Tyrrhenians were known as pirates, the ancient Greeks condoned piracy as a viable profession, it apparently was widespread and regarded as an entirely honourable way of making a living. References are made to its perfectly normal occurrence many texts including in Homers Iliad and Odyssey, by the era of Classical Greece, piracy was looked upon as a disgrace to have as a profession. In the 3rd century BC, pirate attacks on Olympos brought impoverishment, among some of the most famous ancient pirateering peoples were the Illyrians, a people populating the western Balkan peninsula. Constantly raiding the Adriatic Sea, the Illyrians caused many conflicts with the Roman Republic and it was not until 229 BC when the Romans finally decisively beat the Illyrian fleets that their threat was ended
21.
Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia
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Craniodiaphyseal dysplasia is an extremely rare autosomal recessive bone disorder that causes calcium to build up in the skull, disfiguring the facial features and reducing life expectancy. These calcium deposits decrease the size of cranial foramina, and can decrease the hole in the cervical spinal canal. In the few cases recorded, most of the sufferers died in childhood, among the medical signs are dacryocystitis, seizures, intellectual disability, and paralysis, each of which is a complication resulting from the diminutive foramina. A common sign reported as a result of the disease has been a difference of the size of the eyes, peter Bogdanovichs 1985 drama film Mask drew public attention to the case of Roy L. Rocky Dennis, an American boy who died of the disorder in 1978. In the American medical drama Greys Anatomy episode Yesterday, a boy is depicted with lionitis. The main character of the comic book miniseries Friday the 13th. In the anthology television series American Horror Story season 1, Beauregard, the brother of Tate and Adelaide, suffered of lionitis
22.
Robert Davi
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Robert John Davi is an American actor, singer, and entertainer. Over the course of his career, Davi has performed in more than 130 films. On television, he portrayed FBI Special Agent Bailey Malone in the NBC television series Profiler, classically trained as a singer, Davi launched his professional singing career in 2011. His first album, Davi Sings Sinatra -- On The Road To Romance, praised for his voice and vocal interpretations, Davi debuted as a headliner at The Venetian, Las Vegas, Nevada, six months after the record was released. In 2016, Davi replaced the late Jerry Doyle as radio host for a syndicated radio program on Talk Radio Network. Davi was born in Astoria, Queens, New York, the son of Maria and his mother was an Italian American whose family came from Nusco and his father was a native of Torretta, Palermo, Sicily. Davi spoke Italian during his childhood and he attended Seton Hall, a Roman Catholic high school in Patchogue, New York. He has two sisters, Yvonne Davi, and Mrs. Michelle Queal and he graduated from Hofstra University, which he attended due to that universitys strong drama department as well as its unique reproduction of Shakespeares Globe Theater. Davi made his motion picture debut in Contract On Cherry Street and he subsequently worked with Marlon Brando, Clint Eastwood, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Benicio del Toro, James Franco, Catherine Zeta-Jones, Bruce Willis, and Roberto Benigni, among others. In 1989, Davi appeared as Mafia Albert Cerrico on the television series Wiseguy and he sang in the first installment of the arc, called Le Lacrime de Amore Part I. In 2011, Davi appeared alongside Val Kilmer and Christopher Walken in the gangster movie Kill the Irishman. The film, in which Davi played Mafia hitman Ray Ferritto, is a biopic of Danny Greene, released the same year, he was also in Game of Death with Wesley Snipes. He followed up these projects with crime thriller The Iceman, in 2014, Davi appeared as Goran Vata in The Expendables 3. In 2007, Davi made his debut with The Dukes. The film starred himself, Chazz Palminteri, and Peter Bogdanovich, the Dukes was selected for the premiere section at the Rome Film Festival, along with films by Francis Ford Coppola, Sean Penn, Robert Redford, and Sidney Lumet. Davi was the only director in the premiere section. He subsequently received training with top vocal teachers, Samuel Margolis and Danial Ferro of Juilliard. Davi damaged his voice, and later explained that he was a baritone with the heart of a tenor and had pushed too hard, Davi began to focus again on singing in 2011, and worked with Voice Builder Gary Catona as he prepared to record his first album
23.
Joe Pantoliano
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Joseph Peter Joe Pantoliano, often referred to by his nickname Joey Pants, is an American actor. Marshal Cosmo Renfro in both The Fugitive and U. S. Marshals films, Pantoliano was born in Hoboken, New Jersey, the son of Italian American parents Mary, a bookie and seamstress, and Dominic Monk Pantoliano, a hearse driver and factory foreman. He attended HB Studio, and studied extensively with actors John Lehne and he first grew to fame as Guido the Killer Pimp in Risky Business, and continued to rise in 1985 when he appeared as the villainous Francis Fratelli in teen classic The Goonies. He gained fame amongst a new generation as Cypher in the 1999 landmark sci-fi film The Matrix and he also played Deputy Marshal Cosmo Renfro in The Fugitive along with Tommy Lee Jones, and reprised the role in the sequel U. S. Marshals. He is known for his portrayals of criminals, criminal investigators, detectives, in 2003, Pantoliano replaced Stanley Tucci in the Broadway play Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune. That same year he won the Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for The Sopranos, in 2013, he was cast as Yogi Berra in the Broadway production of Bronx Bombers, but dropped out during rehearsals due to creative differences. When not acting, Pantoliano also writes and he is the author of two memoirs, Whos Sorry Now, The True Story of a Stand-Up Guy and Asylum, Hollywood Tales From My Great Depression, Brain Dis-Ease, Recovery and Being My Mothers Son. In the latter, he writes about his addictions to alcohol, food, sex, Vicodin, Pantoliano lives with his wife, former model Nancy Sheppard, and their four children. He was introduced to his wife by his friend, actress Samantha Phillips and he claims that his recent film Canvas was what helped him come to terms with his depression. Rather than hide his struggle from the public, he has chosen to speak out about it to some of the stigmas that are commonly associated with mental illness. He founded an organization, No Kidding, Me Too. to unite members of the entertainment industry in educating the public about mental illness. The title comes from the response he’s heard all too often after divulging how mental illness affected him, he’s also shot a documentary called No Kidding, Me Too. I thought it was very revealing, official website Joe Pantoliano at the Internet Movie Database Joe Pantoliano interview with ABILITY Magazine
24.
Anne Ramsey
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Angelina Anne Ramsey was an American stage, television, and film actress. She is best known for portraying Mama Fratelli in The Goonies and Mrs. Lift, mother of Danny DeVitos protagonist, the latter film saw Ramsey nominated for a Golden Globe Award and the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actress. Anne Ramsey was born Angelina Mobley in Omaha, Nebraska, the daughter of Eleanor, the national treasurer of the Girl Scouts of the USA, and Nathan Mobley. Her mother was a descendant of the Pilgrims, and a sister of U. S. Ambassador David S. Smith, Ramsey was raised in Great Neck, New York and Greenwich, Connecticut. She attended Bennington College where she became interested in theatre and she performed in several Broadway productions in the 1950s and married actor Logan Ramsey in 1954. They moved to Philadelphia where they formed the Theatre of the Living Arts, in the 1970s, Anne Ramsey began a successful Hollywood career in character roles and appeared in such television programs as Little House on the Prairie, Wonder Woman, Threes Company and Ironside. She appeared with her husband in seven films, including her first, The Sporting Club, the film also earned her a second Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress, she had received her first for The Goonies. In February 1988, she guest-starred on an episode of ALF that aired six months before her death and she also appeared in six films released in the two years after her death. Ramseys somewhat slurred speech, a trademark of her performances, was caused in part from having had some of her tongue. She died in August at the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital in Woodland Hills, Anne Ramsey at the Internet Movie Database Anne Ramsey at the TCM Movie Database Anne Ramsey at AllMovie Anne Ramsey at Find a Grave
25.
Lupe Ontiveros
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Guadalupe Lupe Ontiveros was an American actress best known for portraying Yolanda Saldívar in the film Selena. She acted in films and television shows, often playing a maid or, near the end of her career. She graduated from El Paso High School and went on to study at Texas Womans University in Denton, Texas, after her marriage, she and her husband moved to California to realize his dream of starting an automotive business. With her husbands encouragement, she took the job and parlayed it into a long stage, Ive given every maid Ive ever portrayed soul and heart. In part because of her history in this role, she was chosen as the narrator for the documentary Maid in America, in a 2004 interview with the Dominican newspaper Listin Diario, she called El Norte the film that always will remain in me. Tells the immigrants story when asked to name her favorite film from her long career and she played the housekeeper Rosalita, a Hispanic maid hired to assist in the packing and moving of the Walsh family in the hit adventure film The Goonies and a housekeeper in Dolly Dearest. Ontiveros worked with Nava in subsequent films, including My Family/Mi Familia, in the latter film she portrayed Yolanda Saldívar, the murderer of Tejano superstar Selena. She also appeared in the Academy Award-winning film As Good as It Gets, in 2000 she was featured in the film Chuck & Buck, in which she played Beverly, a tough theater director who puts on a play written by one of the films main characters. She said in interviews that she accepted the role even before seeing the script. For that role, she was nominated for Best Supporting Actress in a Motion Picture at the 2000 Independent Spirit Awards and she co-starred with America Ferrera in the 2002 film Real Women Have Curves, as the overbearing mother of Ferreras character. Her performance received excellent reviews and earned her and her co-star a Special Jury Prize at the prestigious Sundance Film Festival and she and Ferrera appeared together again in the family comedy Our Family Wedding. She continued to work in the studio and independent films, such as This Christmas in 2007, Ontiveros had a recurring role in the 2004–05 season of American prime time soap opera series Desperate Housewives as Juanita Solis, Gabrielles suspicious mother-in-law. She received an Emmy nomination as Best Guest Actress in a Comedy Series for this role, in 2004 she also began a role as Abuela Elena, the grandmother of the title characters in the animated PBS childrens series Maya & Miguel. The multicultural and bilingual series later introduced a character, Marco, after a sign language-themed episode was suggested by the actress. She was a star of the short-lived the WBs Greetings from Tucson, playing the grandmother in an upwardly mobile family of mixed Irish and Mexican heritage. She also had recurring guest roles in the series Veronicas Closet, for which she won an ALMA Award in 1998 and she was a guest star in Hill Street Blues, Red Shoe Diaries, Resurrection Blvd. Cory in the House and King of the Hill, among other series. After deciding she wanted a career, Ontiveros began in earnest, following up full-day sessions at her first career with evening work at Nosotros
26.
Cameo appearance
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A cameo role or cameo appearance is a brief appearance or voice part of a known person in a work of the performing arts, typically unnamed or appearing as themselves. Short appearances by celebrities, film directors, politicians, athletes or musicians are common, a crew member of the show or movie playing a minor role can be referred to as a cameo as well, such as Alfred Hitchcocks frequently performed cameos. Originally cameo role meant a character part that stands out from the other minor parts. The Oxford English Dictionary connects this with the meaning a short literary sketch or portrait, which is based on the meaning of cameo. More recently, cameo has come to refer to any short appearances, whether as a character or as oneself, such as the examples below. Cameos are generally not credited because of their brevity, or a mismatch between the celebritys stature and the film or TV show in which he or she is appearing. Others are acknowledgments of a contribution to an earlier work, as in the case of many film adaptations of TV series. Others honour artists or celebrities known for work in a particular field, possibly the best-known series of cameos was by the director Alfred Hitchcock, who made very brief appearances in most of his films. Cameos also occur in novels and other literary works, “Literary cameos” usually involve an established character from another work who makes a brief appearance to establish a shared universe setting, to make a point, or to offer homage. Balzac often employed this practice, as in his Comédie humaine, a cameo appearance can be made by the author of a work to put a sort of personal signature on a story. Vladimir Nabokov often put himself in his novels, for instance, quentin Tarantino provides cameos or small roles in at least 10 of his movies. Likewise, Peter Jackson has made cameos in all of his movies, except for his first feature-length movie Bad Taste in which he plays a main character. For example, he plays a peasant eating a carrot in The Fellowship of the Ring and The Desolation of Smaug, a Rohan warrior in The Two Towers, director Martin Scorsese appears in the background of his films as a bystander or an unseen character. In Whos That Knocking at My Door, he appears as one of the gangsters, he is a crew man in After Hours. He opens up his 1986 film The Color of Money with a monologue on the art of playing pool. In addition, he appears with his wife and daughter as wealthy New Yorkers in Gangs of New York, in a same way, Roman Polanski appears as a hired hoodlum in his film Chinatown, slitting Jack Nicholsons nose with the blade of his clasp knife. Directors sometimes cast well-known lead actors with whom they have worked in the past in other films, mike Todds film Around the World in 80 Days was filled with cameo roles, and others. The stars in cameo roles were pictured in oval insets in posters for the film, among the many cameos featured in the film Maverick, actor Danny Glover appears as the lead bank robber
27.
Oregon Film Museum
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The Oregon Film Museum is a museum highlighting and celebrating movies that were made in the U. S. state of Oregon. The museum is housed in the old Clatsop County Jail in Astoria, Oregon, the building was used in the opening chase sequence of the 1985 film The Goonies. The museum opened in 2010, coinciding with the 25th anniversary of the film and it contains several props from The Goonies, in addition to memorabilia, costumes and various collectibles that are on display within the former jail cells. Visitors can also create their own films in an exhibit that features small sets. As of 2015, an ORV similar to the one used by the Fratelli gang in The Goonies can be found in the parking lot complete with imitation bullet holes near the license plate. List of films shot in Oregon Oregon Film Museum Website
28.
Dubbing (filmmaking)
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The process usually takes place on a dub stage. After sound editors edit and prepare all necessary tracks, the mixer or mixers proceed to balance all of the elements. In the past, dubbing was practiced primarily in musicals when the actor had a singing voice. Today, dubbing enables the screening of material to a mass audience in countries where viewers do not speak the same language as the performers in the original production. Films, videos, and sometimes video games are dubbed into the local language of a foreign market. In foreign distribution, dubbing is common in theatrically released films, television films, television series, cartoons, the insertion of voice actor performances for animation, such as computer-generated imagery or animated cartoons, is often referred to as ADR although it generally does not replace existing dialogue. In conventional film production, a sound mixer records dialogue during filming. During post-production, a sound editor, or ADR supervisor, reviews all of the dialogue in the film. ADR is recorded during an ADR session, which place in a specialized sound studio. The actor, usually the original actor from the set, views the scene with the original sound, over the course of multiple takes, the actor performs the lines while watching the scene, the most suitable take becomes the final version. The ADR process does not always take place in a post-production studio, the process may be recorded on location, with mobile equipment. Sometimes, a different actor than the actor on set is used during ADR. One famous example is the Star Wars character Darth Vader portrayed by David Prowse, in post-production and it provides a more precise guide for the actors, directors, and technicians, and can be used to complement the traditional ADR method. The rythmo band is projected in the studio and scrolls in perfect synchronization with the picture, Studio time is used more efficiently, since with the aid of scrolling text, picture, and audio cues, actors can read more lines per hour than with ADR alone. With ADR, actors can average 10–12 lines per hour, while rythmo band can facilitate the reading of 35-50 lines per hour, However, the preparation of a rythmo band is a time-consuming process involving a series of specialists organized in a production line. VideoDubber, a startup company from Israel, developed an automated dubbing SaaS platform that enables automated dubbing of video content to over 40 languages using digitized voices. It was the first to dub a full TV channel using this technology for a Spanish cable provider in July 2015, Media Movers, Inc. a dubbing company, has developed a piece of proprietary software that can automatically sync ADR/dubbed tracks with pre-defined algorithms. TM Systems received Emmy awards in 2002 and 2007 for their dubbing and subtitling software, Dubbing is often used to localize a foreign movie
29.
Dramatic structure
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Dramatic structure is the structure of a dramatic work such as a play or film. Many scholars have analyzed dramatic structure, beginning with Aristotle in his Poetics and this article focuses primarily on Gustav Freytags analysis of ancient Greek and Shakespearean drama. In his Poetics, the Greek philosopher Aristotle put forth the idea that A whole is what has a beginning and middle and end. This three-part view of a plot structure prevailed until the Roman drama critic Horace advocated a 5-act structure in his Ars Poetica, renaissance dramatists revived the use of the 8-act structure. Under Freytags pyramid, the plot of a story consists of five parts, exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, and dénouement/resolution/revelation/catastrophe. According to Freytag, a drama is divided into five parts, or acts, which refer to as a dramatic arc, exposition, rising action, climax, falling action. Freytags Pyramid can help organize their thoughts and ideas when describing the main problem of the drama, the rising action, the climax. Although Freytags analysis of structure is based on five-act plays, it can be applied to short stories and novels as well. Exposition can be conveyed through dialogues, flashbacks, characters thoughts, background details, in-universe media, in the rising action, a series of events build toward the point of greatest interest. The rising action of a story is the series of events that immediately after the exposition of the story. These events are generally the most important parts of the story since the entire plot depends on them to set up the climax, the climax is the turning point, which changes the protagonist’s fate. If the story is a comedy and things were going bad for the protagonist, if the story is a tragedy, the opposite state of affairs will ensue, with things going from good to bad for the protagonist, often revealing the protagonists hidden weaknesses. During the falling action, the conflict between the protagonist and the antagonist unravels, with the protagonist winning or losing against the antagonist, the falling action may contain a moment of final suspense, in which the final outcome of the conflict is in doubt. The dénouement comprises events from the end of the action to the actual ending scene of the drama or narrative. Conflicts are resolved, creating normality for the characters and a sense of catharsis, or release of tension and anxiety, etymologically, the French word dénouement is derived from the word dénouer, to untie, from nodus, Latin for knot. It is the unraveling or untying of the complexities of a plot, the comedy ends with a dénouement, in which the protagonist is better off than at the storys outset. The tragedy ends with a catastrophe, in which the protagonist is worse off than at the beginning of the narrative, in Shakespeares tragedies, the dénouement is usually the death of one or more characters. Freytags analysis was intended to apply to ancient Greek and Shakespearean drama, contemporary dramas increasingly use the fall to increase the relative height of the climax and dramatic impact
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Oregon
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Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Washington, on the south by California, on the east by Idaho, the Columbia River delineates much of Oregons northern boundary, and the Snake River delineates much of the eastern boundary. The parallel 42° north delineates the boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14,1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles, Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, the capital of Oregon is Salem, the second most populous of its cities, with 164,549 residents. Portland is Oregons most populous city, with 632,309 residents, Portlands metro population of 2,389,228 ranks the 23rd largest metro in the nation. The Willamette Valley in western Oregon is the states most densely populated area, the tall conifers, mainly Douglas fir, along Oregons rainy west coast contrast with the lighter-timbered and fire-prone pine and juniper forests covering portions to the east. Abundant alders in the west fix nitrogen for the conifers, stretching east from central Oregon are semi-arid shrublands, prairies, deserts, steppes, and meadows. At 11,249 feet, Mount Hood is the states highest point, Oregons only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae. Because of its landscapes and waterways, Oregons economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing. It is also the top timber-producer of the lower 48 states, Technology is another one of the states major economic forces, which began in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. Sportswear company Nike, Inc. headquartered in Beaverton, is the states largest public corporation with a revenue of $30.6 billion. The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins and this chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon. There are also two other sources with Spanish origins such as the name Oregano which grows in the part of the region. Another early use of the name, spelled Ouragon, was in a 1765 petition by Major Robert Rogers to the Kingdom of Great Britain, the term referred to the then-mythical River of the West. By 1778 the spelling had shifted to Oregon, in his 1765 petition, Rogers wrote, The rout. is from the Great Lakes towards the Head of the Mississippi, and from thence to the River called by the Indians Ouragon
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Haystack Rock
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Haystack Rock is a 235-foot sea stack in Cannon Beach, Oregon. It is sometimes claimed locally to be the third-tallest such intertidal structure in the world, a popular tourist destination, the monolithic rock is adjacent to the beach and accessible by foot at low tide. The Haystack Rock tide pools are home to many animals, including starfish, sea anemone, crabs, chitons, limpets. The rock is also a site for many sea birds. Haystack Rock is located about 1.5 miles south of downtown Cannon Beach in Clatsop County, the nearest major road is U. S. Route 101. Haystack Rock is part of the Tolovana Beach State Recreation Site, the area below the mean high water level is managed by Oregon Parks and Recreation. The area above the MHW level is managed by the Oregon Islands National Wildlife Refuge of the United States Fish, there are at least six other geographic features in Oregon named Haystack Rock, including two others along the Oregon Coast — and others throughout the U. S. The tallest and probably best known Haystack Rock due to its proximity to Portland is in Tillamook County located off Pacific City and it stands 327 feet above the sea and is the fourth tallest sea stack or off-shore monolith in the world. Haystack Rock in Cannon Beach is accompanied by several smaller rocks known as The Needles, the other Oregon coastal Haystack Rock stands 105 feet above sea level in Coos County near Bandon. Composed of basalt, Haystack Rock was formed by lava emanating from the Blue Mountains. The lava flows created many of the Oregon coasts natural features, including Tillamook Head, Arch Cape, Haystack Rock was once joined to the coastline but years of erosion have since separated the monolith from the coast. Three smaller, adjacent rock formations to the south of Haystack Rock are collectively called The Needles, Haystack Rock was granted Marine Garden status by the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife in 1990. Collecting plants or animals is strictly prohibited, climbing above the mean high tide level disturbs nesting birds and is not allowed. The Haystack Rock Awareness Program is an association which conducts educational seminars at the rock during low tide between May and September. Visitors to Haystack Rock can view species of marine wildlife in their natural habitat during low tide. The thin strip of rock and sand that connects it to the beach at these times features many tide pools, the area surrounding the rock is popular for picnicking, kite-flying, and bird-watching. Artists and photographers can be found capturing the beauty of Haystack Rock on canvas or on film, Haystack Rock is one of the most identifiable geological formations of Oregon. Many people each year become temporarily trapped on Haystack Rock when high tide engulfs the rock in water, oregons beaches are publicly owned, and there are several hotels along the beachfront within walking distance of Haystack Rock, making the area congested with tourists during the summer
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Burbank, California
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Burbank is a city in Los Angeles County in Southern California, United States,12 miles northwest of downtown Los Angeles. The population at the 2010 census was 103,340, Entertainment, Nickelodeon Animation Studios, NBC, Cartoon Network Studios with the West Coast branch of Cartoon Network, and Insomniac Games. The city is home to Bob Hope Airport. Burbank consists of two areas, a downtown/foothill section, in the foothills of the Verdugo Mountains. Burbank is the easternmost city in the San Fernando Valley, Burbanks neighbor, Glendale, is the westernmost city in the San Gabriel Valley. The city was referred to as Beautiful Downtown Burbank on Laugh-In, the city was named after David Burbank, a New Hampshire-born dentist and entrepreneur who established a sheep ranch there in 1867. Historically, this area was the scene of a skirmish which resulted in the unseating of the Spanish Governor of California. Remnants of the battle reportedly were found many years later in the vicinity of Warner Bros. Studio when residents dug up cannonballs, by 1876, the San Fernando Valley became the largest wheat-raising area in Los Angeles County. But the droughts of the 1860s and 1870s underlined the need for water supplies. A professionally trained dentist, Dr. Burbank began his career in Waterville and he joined the great migration westward in the early 1850s and, by 1853 was living in San Francisco. At the time the American Civil War broke out he was well established in his profession as a dentist in Pueblo de Los Angeles. In 1867, he purchased Rancho La Providencia from David W. Alexander and Francis Mellus, Dr. Burbanks property reached nearly 9,200 acres at a cost of $9,000. Dr. Burbank wouldnt acquire full titles to both properties until after a decision known as the Great Partition was made in 1871 dissolving the Rancho San Rafael. Dr. Burbank also later owned the Burbank Theatre, which opened on November 27,1893, though the theater was intended to be an opera house, instead it staged plays and became known nationally. The theatre featured famous actors of the time including Fay Bainter and Marjorie Rambeau, when the area that became Burbank was settled in the 1870s and 1880s, the streets were aligned along what is now Olive Avenue, the road to the Cahuenga Pass and downtown Los Angeles. These were largely the roads the Indians traveled and the settlers took their produce down to Los Angeles to sell. At the time, the primary long-distance transportation methods available to San Fernando Valley residents were stagecoach, stagecoaching between Los Angeles and San Francisco through the Valley began in 1858
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Industrial Light & Magic
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Industrial Light & Magic is an American motion picture visual effects company that was founded in May 1975 by George Lucas. It is a division of the production company, Lucasfilm, which Lucas founded. It is also the original company of the animation studio Pixar. ILM originated in Van Nuys, California, then moved to San Rafael in 1978. In 2012, The Walt Disney Company acquired ILM as part of its purchase of Lucasfilm, Lucas wanted his 1977 film Star Wars to include visual effects that had never been seen on film before. After discovering that the effects department at 20th Century Fox was no longer operational, Lucas approached Douglas Trumbull, famous for the effects on 2001. Trumbull declined as he was committed to working on Steven Spielbergs film Close Encounters of the Third Kind. Dykstra brought together a team of college students, artists, and engineers. Lucas named the group Industrial Light and Magic, which became the Special Visual Effects department on Star Wars. Alongside Dykstra, other leading members of the original ILM team were Ken Ralston, Richard Edlund, Dennis Muren, Joe Johnston, Phil Tippett, Steve Gawley, Lorne Peterson, and Paul Huston. In late 1978, when in pre-production for The Empire Strikes Back, Lucas reformed most of the team into Industrial Light & Magic in Marin County, the Extra-Terrestrial, *batteries not included, The Abyss, and Flubber, and also provided work for Avatar, alongside Weta Digital. In addition to their work for George Lucas, ILM also collaborates with Steven Spielberg on most films that he directs, Dennis Muren has acted as Visual Effects Supervisor on many of these films. After the success of the first Star Wars movie, Lucas became interested in using computer graphics on the sequel. So he contacted Triple-I, known for their early computer effects in movies like Westworld and Futureworld and he found it to be too expensive and returned to handmade models. But the test had showed him it was possible, and he decided he would create his own computer graphics department instead, one of Lucas employees was given the task to find the right people to hire. His search would lead him to NYIT, where he found Edwin Catmull, Catmull and others accepted Lucas job offer, and a new computer division at ILM was created in 1979 with the hiring of Ed Catmull as the first NYIT employee who joined Lucasfilm. John Lasseter, who was hired a few later, worked on computer animation as part of ILMs contribution to Young Sherlock Holmes. The Graphics Group was later sold to Steve Jobs, named Pixar, in 2000, ILM created the OpenEXR format for high-dynamic-range imaging
