The Grand Chessboard
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The Grand Chessboard: American Primacy and Its Geostrategic Imperatives is one of the major works of Zbigniew Brzezinski. Brzezinski graduated with a PhD from Harvard University in 1953 and became Pro
Book cover
"The Geographical Pivot of History" is an article submitted by Halford John Mackinder in 1904 to the Royal Geographical Society that advances his heartland theory. In this article, Mackinder extended
The Grand Chessboard
…Eurasian landmass in a post-Soviet environment. In his chapter dedicated to what he refers to as the "Eurasian Balkans", he uses Halford J. Mackinder's Heartland Theory. The book was reviewed by The New York Times, Kirkus Reviews, Foreign Affairs, and other publications in the USA and other countries, especially Germany…
Halford John Mackinder, the author