1.
Paradise, Nevada
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Paradise is an unincorporated town and census-designated place in Clark County, Nevada, United States, adjacent to the city of Las Vegas. The population was 223,167 at the 2010 census, making it the most populous unincorporated community in Nevada, as an unincorporated town, it is governed by the Clark County Commission with input from the Paradise Town Advisory Board. Paradise was formed on December 8,1950, Paradise contains McCarran International Airport, the University of Nevada, Las Vegas, and most of the Las Vegas Strip. Paradise contains most tourist attractions in the Las Vegas area, excluding downtown, despite this, the name Paradise remains relatively unknown. All Paradise ZIP codes have Las Vegas mailing addresses, the southern part of the Las Vegas Valley was referred to as Paradise Valley as early as 1910, owing to a high water table that made the land particularly fertile for farming. County commissioners established a Paradise school district in 1914, the commission voted to create the unincorporated township of Paradise on December 8,1950. In 1975, Nevada enacted a law that would have incorporated Paradise into the City of Las Vegas, before it could take effect, however, the bill was struck down as unconstitutional by the Nevada Supreme Court. According to the United States Census Bureau, the place of Paradise has a total area of 46.7 square miles. At the census of 2010, there were 223,167 people residing in Paradise. The racial makeup was 59. 8% White,8. 9% African American,0. 8% Native American,9. 5% Asian,1. 0% Pacific Islander, and 5. 5% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 31. 2% of the population and 46. 3% of the population was non-Hispanic White. As of the census of 2000, there were 186,070 people,77,209 households, the population density was 3,947.3 people per square mile. There were 85,398 housing units at a density of 1,811.6 per square mile. The racial makeup of the CDP was 72. 51% White,6. 59% African American,0. 77% Native American,6. 52% Asian,0. 59% Pacific Islander,8. 37% from other races, and 4. 65% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 23. 47% of the population,31. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 7. 5% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.39 and the family size was 3.04. In the CDP, the population was out with 21. 2% under the age of 18,10. 8% from 18 to 24,33. 3% from 25 to 44,23. 6% from 45 to 64. The median age was 35 years, for every 100 females there were 109.1 males
2.
Nevada
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Nevada is a state in the Western, Mountain West, and Southwestern regions of the United States of America. Nevada is the 7th most extensive, the 34th most populous, nearly three-quarters of Nevadas people live in Clark County, which contains the Las Vegas–Paradise metropolitan area where three of the states four largest incorporated cities are located. Nevada is officially known as the Silver State because of the importance of silver to its history and economy. It is also known as the Battle Born State, because it achieved statehood during the Civil War, as the Sage-brush State, for the plant of the same name. Nevada borders Oregon to the northwest, Idaho to the northeast, California to the west, Arizona to the southeast, Nevada is largely desert and semi-arid, much of it located within the Great Basin. Areas south of the Great Basin are located within the Mojave Desert, while Lake Tahoe, about 86% of the states land is managed by various jurisdictions of the U. S. federal government, both civilian and military. Before European contact, Native Americans of the Paiute, Shoshone, the first Europeans to explore the region were Spanish. They called the region Nevada because of the snow covered the mountains in winter. The area formed part of the Viceroyalty of New Spain, the United States annexed the area in 1848 after its victory in the Mexican–American War, and it was incorporated as part of Utah Territory in 1850. The discovery of silver at the Comstock Lode in 1859 led to a boom that became an impetus to the creation of Nevada Territory out of western Utah Territory in 1861. Nevada became the 36th state on October 31,1864, as the second of two added to the Union during the Civil War. Nevada has a reputation for its libertarian laws, in 1940, with a population of just over 110,000 people, Nevada was by far the least-populated state, with less than half the population of the next least-populated state. However, legalized gambling and lenient marriage and divorce laws transformed Nevada into a major tourist destination in the 20th century, Nevada is the only U. S. state where prostitution is legal, though it is illegal in Clark County, Washoe County and Carson City. The tourism industry remains Nevadas largest employer, with mining continuing as a sector of the economy. The name Nevada comes from the Spanish nevada, meaning snow-covered, most Nevadans pronounce the second syllable of their state name using the vowel of trap. Many from outside the Western United States pronounce it with the vowel of father, although the latter pronunciation is closer to the Spanish pronunciation, it is not the pronunciation preferred by most Nevadans. State Assemblyman Harry Mortenson proposed a bill to recognize the alternate pronunciation of Nevada, though the bill was not supported by most legislators, the Nevadan pronunciation is the de facto official one, since it is the one used by the state legislature. Nevada is almost entirely within the Basin and Range Province, and is broken up by many mountain ranges
3.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
4.
Las Vegas Boulevard
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Las Vegas Boulevard is a major road in the Las Vegas Valley of Nevada, best known for the Las Vegas Strip portion of the road and its casinos. Las Vegas Boulevard runs the length of the Las Vegas metropolitan area in Clark County, the Boulevard, as it is sometimes called by longtime Las Vegas residents, starts at Apex, and continues south to about 2 mi south of Jean, in the Mojave Desert. The Boulevard shows up again in Primm, Nevada but is not connected to the northern sections. There are tentative plans to connect the section at Primm to the northern section at Jean. The north/south street address demarcation boundary is located at Fremont Street, at its northern end in Apex, the Boulevard starts in an industrial complex of manufacturing plants and power plants running along the Union Pacific Railroad line. Traveling south, the road meets Nellis Air Force Base on the east side, as the road enters the city of North Las Vegas, it passes through some of the older commercial areas in the region. On crossing Washington Avenue, the Boulevard is designated as the Downtown Las Vegas Boulevard Scenic Byway by the state and this designation continues south to Sahara Avenue. Further south is a stretch of road that has many of the older motels, bars, the Boulevard leaves the city of Las Vegas at Sahara Avenue and assumes its unofficial name the Las Vegas Strip for the next 4 miles. This portion of Las Vegas Boulevard begins a few blocks to the north at the Stratosphere and this is the section of the road most people are familiar with, it is home to casino megaresorts with their world-famous lights, huge video signs and other attractions. It is designated as an All-American Road, just past the end of The Strip, the road passes the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign as it abuts the western edge of the McCarran International Airport property. The South Strip is now used to describe the section of Las Vegas Boulevard between Russell Road and Blue Diamond Road. Along this stretch, development thins out except for newer shopping malls, hotels and condominiums as the Boulevard continues to travel south, Route 117 serves the southern end of Las Vegas Boulevard from the SSTT south towards Las Vegas Premium Outlet Stores, South Point Casino and Silverado Ranch. Las Vegas Boulevard has had names, including 5th Street, Main Street. South of the city, Las Vegas Boulevard was commonly known as the Los Angeles Highway, just north of Jean is the place where the last spike on the San Pedro, Los Angeles and Salt Lake Railroad line was driven. With the construction of I-15, Las Vegas Boulevard went from being the main road to one that only served as a city street for locals. Its current name, in effect since 1959, reflects its importance to the Valley rather than past names when it served as a main intra-city road, on October 16,2009, the Federal Highway Administration announced the designation of a new National Scenic Byway on the boulevard. The 3. 5-mile section starting at Sahara Avenue and running north to Washington Avenue was designated the City of Las Vegas, Las Vegas Boulevard State Scenic Byway, Nevada portal Las Vegas portal U. S. Roads portal Tropicana – Las Vegas Boulevard intersection Las Vegas Strip Media related to Las Vegas Boulevard at Wikimedia Commons
5.
Mat Franco
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Mat Franco is an American magician and the winner of the ninth season of Americas Got Talent. Franco rose above hundreds of thousands of acts to become the first and only magician in history to win AGT, Best known for his personality-driven, sleight-of-hand style of magic, Mat Francos TV specials marked the first time NBC produced a spin-off show around their AGT winner. Franco is currently headlining in at The LINQ Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, Franco was born in Johnston, Rhode Island. After he saw magic on TV when he was four, he begged his parents to get him a magic set and he then began performing tricks in his kindergarten class. Franco continued studying magic as a child and performed any chance he could, when he was 12, he had saved enough money from local shows to fly to Las Vegas to study performance art with some of his idols, including Jeff McBride. Franco attended Johnston High School and the University of Rhode Island, in 2003, at age 15, Franco was invited to perform onstage at the Riviera Hotel and Casino in Las Vegas, as part of a show hosted by the Society of American Magicians called Stars of Tomorrow. After graduating from college in 2010, Franco performed his show on college campuses throughout the U. S. touring six months out of the year. He was nominated for Fastest Rising Star in 2012, and in 2013 was awarded Best College Performer by Campus Activities Magazine in their Readers Choice Awards. Franco was always encouraged by his grandmother, Eleanor Campellone, who told an interviewer, His mother was working and he couldnt show her everything -- look mom. So the grandma was there and I had all the time in the world, id spend hours watching his tricks. In 2014/2015, Franco achieved mainstream success as the winner of Americas Got Talent, june 17,2014, Audition – In Los Angeles, during Episode 904, Franco used card manipulation to impress the judges, Howard Stern, Heidi Klum, Mel B and Howie Mandel. With a shuffled deck of cards he told a story that he wrote about Americas Got Talent. July 22,2014, Judgment Week – In Episode 907, Franco performed an interactive card trick where he painted a picture of Howie Mandel on the Judges desk. This performance earned four Yes votes again, August 5,2014, Quarterfinals – Franco appeared in Episode 911 and used Heidi Klum as his assistant. His tricks with fire and with disappearing and reappearing cards earned him four Yes votes, August 6,2014, Quarterfinals – In Episode 912 in New York, Franco was one among five acts to proceed to the Semifinals. September 2,2014, Semifinals – In Episode 919, Franco was one of twelve acts competing for six opportunities in the Top 12 Finals, September 3,2014, Semifinals – In episode 920, Franco was Voted through to the Top 12. September 9,2014, Top 12 – In episode 921, Franco performed a trick with the live audience, including the judges. He had everyone at home select a card, and using cannon, was able to get the selected card stuck to the ceiling at Radio City Music Hall
6.
High Roller (Ferris wheel)
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High Roller is a 550-foot tall, 520-foot diameter giant Ferris wheel on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, United States of America. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation and it opened to the public on March 31,2014, and is currently the worlds tallest Ferris wheel. It is 9 ft taller than its predecessor, the 541-foot Singapore Flyer, High Roller was announced in August 2011 as the centerpiece of Caesars Entertainment Corporations $550 million The LINQ. Arup Engineering, which previously consulted on the Singapore Flyer, acted as the structural engineer, the wheel rotates on a pair of custom-designed spherical roller bearings, each weighing approximately 19,400 lb. Each bearing has an diameter of 7.55 feet, an inner bore of 5.25 feet. The passenger cabins are mounted on the wheels rim and are individually rotated by electric motors to smoothly maintain a horizontal cabin floor throughout each full rotation. Preliminary designs anticipated 32 passenger cabins, each with a 40-passenger capacity —with the final design accommodating 28 40-person cabins and a total capacity of 1,120 passengers. Each 225-square-foot cabin weighs approximately 44,000 pounds, has a diameter of 22 feet, includes 300 square feet of glass, and is equipped with eight flat-screen televisions and an iPod dock. Located on Las Vegas Boulevard, across from Caesars Palace, construction was scheduled to begin in September 2011 with a late 2013 completion. The outer rim of the wheel was completed on September 9,2013, the first passenger cabin was delivered and installed in November 2013 and the final cabin was installed the following month. After preliminary testing, High Rollers lighting system was illuminated at sunset on February 28,2014, High Roller opened to the public at 4 p. m. EST on March 31,2014. Tickets were originally expected to cost less than $20 per ride, when High Roller opened to the public in March 2014, tickets for a single 30-minute ride, the time taken for the entire wheel to rotate once, cost $24.95 and $34.95. Other ticket options included a $59.95 Express Pass, allowing the holder to skip the line and ride any time. Both the New York Wheel, in the United States, erection of the main support structure is due to begin early in 2017, and it is expected to open in April 2018. The 210 m Ain Dubai was announced in February 2013, with construction to begin in June 2013, construction eventually began almost two years behind schedule in May 2015. Erection of the support structure was completed in 2016 and it is now expected to open in 2017
7.
O'Sheas Casino
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OSheas Casino is a casino located within The Linq on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. As part of The Linq, it is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation and is connected on the exterior to a shopping/dining promenade, the revitalized OSheas has three bars - the main Dublin Up Bar, the Lucky Bar and the exterior-facing Blarney Bar. The casino includes beer pong tables, a stage, a dance floor, OSheas was operated in conjunction with its next-door neighbor, the Flamingo, by their owner, Caesars Entertainment. Unlike most of the casinos on the Las Vegas Strip, prior to this date OSheas was not part of a resort and had no hotel. OSheas was briefly featured in the 1997 movie Vegas Vacation where the character Rusty Griswold won a car through a machine sitting outside the casino. On February 26,2000, OSheas made the 2001 edition of the Guinness Book of World Records by having 220 patrons contribute to the largest crowd to participate in a nationwide toast. The Great Guinness Toast, as it is called, was tallied nationwide as having 320,470 participants and that easily broke the previous years record of 197,846 participants. In 2006, Vince Neil, lead singer of the band Mötley Crüe, opened Vince Neil Ink and it featured a room called The Stage that was visible from the Las Vegas Strip, so visitors could watch the tattoo artists work from outside. Caesars announced in August 2011 that as part of The LINQ project, OSheas closed on April 30,2012. On May 1,2012, the 7 story parking structure for OSheas Casino was imploded as part of The LINQ project, OSheas was reopened on December 27,2013, as a casino within The Linq promenade. OSheas targets, and typically draws, younger crowds in their 20s, the casino offered low minimums on table games, a poker room, and a World Series of Beer Pong branded beer pong area. Before being purchased by Harrahs, OSheas branded itself as having low minimums and liberal rules on table games, thus attempting to draw locals and savvy, low-minimum gamblers. After the acquisition by Harrahs, OSheas generally offered the least advantageous table games in Nevada, especially on Blackjack, the casino offers five beer pong tables in addition to the other games
8.
Caesars Entertainment Corporation
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Caesars Entertainment Corporation, is an American gaming corporation based in Paradise, Nevada that owns and operates over 50 casinos and hotels, and seven golf courses under several brands. It is the fourth-largest gaming company in the world, with revenues of $8.6 billion. Caesars is a company, majority-owned by a group of private equity firms led by Apollo Global Management. Caesarss largest operating unit filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in January 2015, the companys background can be traced to October 29,1937, when Bill Harrah opened a small bingo parlor in Reno, Nevada, a predecessor to Harrahs Reno. In 1955, he expanded to Stateline, Nevada, on the shore of Lake Tahoe. Harrahs Inc. made its public offering in 1971. Following that in 1972, it was listed on the American Stock Exchange and in 1973, Bill Harrah died on June 30,1978 of complications from aortic aneurysm and cardiac surgery at the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. In February 1980, Holiday Inns acquired Harrahs, Inc. for $300 million, liquidation of Harrahs collection of almost 7,000 antique automobiles reportedly returned the full purchase price of the company to Holiday Inn. In July 1987, Bills Casino Lake Tahoe opened, Harrahs Laughlin opened in August 1988. The company now known as Caesars Entertainment was formed in 1990 as The Promus Companies, which retained only the Holiday Inn assets. The next year, the headquarters moved from Reno to Memphis, Tennessee In April 1992. The late 1980s and early 1990s saw an increase in gambling markets with the growth of Indian gaming. In 1993 and 1994, the company opened Harrahs Joliet, Harrahs Vicksburg, Harrahs Tunica, Harrahs Black Hawk, Harrahs Central City, Harrahs Shreveport, Harrahs North Kansas City, and Harrahs Ak-Chin. In 1995, Promus decided to spin off its non-gaming hotel businesses, Promus Hotel Corp. was established, holding Embassy Suites, Hampton Inn, and Homewood Suites, while the parent company, holding 16 casinos, was renamed as Harrahs Entertainment. In 1997, Harrahs launched its Total Gold loyalty program, developed at a cost of $20 million. It was the first gaming company to offer a systemwide comps program, allowing points earned at one casino to be redeemed for goods, the system would be credited as a major driver of Harrahs growth over the coming years. Harvard Business School professor Gary Loveman joined Harrahs as chief operating officer in 1998, in 1999, the company moved its headquarters from Memphis to Las Vegas. Harrahs made its largest single expansion in 2005, when it acquired Caesars Entertainment, negotiations were spurred on by news of a merger agreement between MGM Mirage and Mandalay Resort Group
9.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
10.
Hotel
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A hotel is an establishment that provides paid lodging on a short-term basis. Small, lower-priced hotels may offer only the most basic guest services and facilities, Hotel rooms are usually numbered to allow guests to identify their room. Some boutique, high-end hotels have custom decorated rooms, some hotels offer meals as part of a room and board arrangement. In the United Kingdom, a hotel is required by law to serve food, in Japan, capsule hotels provide a tiny room suitable only for sleeping and shared bathroom facilities. The precursor to the hotel was the inn of medieval Europe. For a period of about 200 years from the mid-17th century, inns began to cater to richer clients in the mid-18th century. One of the first hotels in a sense was opened in Exeter in 1768. Hotels proliferated throughout Western Europe and North America in the early 19th century, Hotel operations vary in size, function, and cost. Most hotels and major hospitality companies have set standards to classify hotel types. Full service hotels often contain upscale full-service facilities with a number of full service accommodations, an on-site full service restaurant. Boutique hotels are independent, non-branded hotels that often contain upscale facilities. Small to medium-sized hotel establishments offer a limited amount of on-site amenities, economy hotels are small to medium-sized hotel establishments that offer basic accommodations with little to no services. Extended stay hotels are small to medium-sized hotels that offer full service accommodations compared to a traditional hotel. Timeshare and destination clubs are a form of property ownership involving ownership of a unit of accommodation for seasonal usage. A motel is a small-sized low-rise lodging with direct access to rooms from the car park. Boutique hotels are typically hotels with an environment or intimate setting. A number of hotels have entered the public consciousness through popular culture, some hotels are built specifically as a destination in itself, for example at casinos and holiday resorts. The organizational chart and volume of job positions and hierarchy varies by size, function and class
11.
Casino
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A casino is a facility which houses and accommodates certain types of gambling activities. The industry that deals in casinos is called the gaming industry, casinos are most commonly built near or combined with hotels, restaurants, retail shopping, cruise ships or other tourist attractions. There is much debate whether or not the social and economic consequences of casino gambling outweigh the initial revenue that may be generated. Some casinos are also known for hosting live entertainment events, such as comedy, concerts. The term casino is a confusing linguistic false friend for translators, Casino is of Italian origin, the root casa originally meant a small country villa, summerhouse, or social club. In modern-day Italian, the term designates a bordello, while the gambling house is spelled casinò with an accent. Not all casinos were used for gaming, the Copenhagen Casino was a theatre, known for the mass public meetings often held in its hall during the 1848 Revolution, which made Denmark a constitutional monarchy. Until 1937, it was a well-known Danish theatre, the Hanko Casino in Hanko, Finland—one of that towns most conspicuous landmarks—was never used for gambling. Rather, it was a hall for the Russian nobility which frequented this spa resort in the late 19th century and is now used as a restaurant. In military and non-military usage in German and Spanish, a casino or kasino is an officers mess, in Italian—the source-language of the word—a casino is either a brothel, a mess, or a noisy environment, while a gaming house is called a casinò. The precise origin of gambling is unknown and it is generally believed that gambling in some form or another has been seen in almost every society in history. From the Ancient Greeks and Romans to Napoleons France and Elizabethan England and it was closed in 1774 as the city government felt it was impoverishing the local gentry. In American history, early gambling establishments were known as saloons, the creation and importance of saloons was greatly influenced by four major cities, New Orleans, St. Louis, Chicago and San Francisco. It was in the saloons that travelers could find people to talk to, drink with, during the early 20th century in America, gambling became outlawed and banned by state legislation and social reformers of the time. However, in 1931, gambling was legalized throughout the state of Nevada, Americas first legalized casinos were set up in those places. In 1976 New Jersey allowed gambling in Atlantic City, now Americas second largest gambling city, most jurisdictions worldwide have a minimum gambling age. Customers gamble by playing games of chance, in cases with an element of skill, such as craps, roulette, baccarat, blackjack. Most games played have mathematically determined odds that ensure the house has at all times an overall advantage over the players and this can be expressed more precisely by the notion of expected value, which is uniformly negative
12.
Shopping
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A retailer or a shop is a business that presents a selection of goods and offers to trade or sell them to customers for money or other goods. Shopping is an activity in which a customer browses the available goods or services presented by one or more retailers with the intent to purchase a selection of them. In some contexts it may be considered an activity as well as an economic one. The B2C process has made it easy for consumers to select any product online from a website and have it delivered to the consumer within no time. The consumer does not need to consume his energy by going out to the stores and saves his time and cost of travelling. The shopping experience can range from delightful to terrible, based on a variety of factors including how the customer is treated, convenience, the type of goods being purchased, the shopping experience can also be influenced by other shoppers. According to a 2000 report, in the U. S. state of New York, women purchase 80% of all consumer goods, in ancient Greece, the agora served as a marketplace where merchants kept stalls or shops to sell their goods. Ancient Rome utilized a similar marketplace known as the forum, for example, there was Trajans Market with tabernae that served as retailing units. Shopping lists are known to have used by Romans, as one was discovered near Hadrians wall dated back to 75–125 CE written for a soldier. Fairs and markets were established to facilitate the exchange of goods, people would shop for goods at a weekly market in nearby towns. The modern phenomenon of shopping is closely linked to the emergence of the society in the 18th century. Over the course of the two centuries from 1600 onwards, the power of the average Englishman steadily rose. Sugar consumption doubled in the first half of the 18th century, marketplaces dating back to the Middle Ages, expanded as shopping centres, such as the New Exchange, opened in 1609 by Robert Cecil in the Strand. Shops started to become important as places for Londoners to meet and socialise, restoration London also saw the growth of luxury buildings as advertisements for social position with speculative architects like Nicholas Barbon and Lionel Cranfield. Much pamphleteering of the time was devoted to justifying conspicuous consumption and these trends were vastly accelerated in the 18th century, as rising prosperity and social mobility increased the number of people with disposable income for consumption. The pottery inventor and entrepreneur, Josiah Wedgewood, pioneered the use of marketing techniques to influence, as the century wore on a tremendous variety of goods and manufactures were steadily made available for the urban middle and upper classes. This growth in consumption led to the rise of shopping - a proliferation of shops selling particular goods. Specific streets and districts became devoted to retail, including the Strand, the first display windows in shops were installed in the late 18th century in London
13.
Promenade
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An esplanade or promenade is a long, open, level area, usually next to a river or large body of water, where people may walk. The original meaning of esplanade was a large, open, level area outside fortress or city walls to provide fields of fire for the fortress guns. In modern usage the space allows people to walk for recreational purposes, esplanades are often on sea fronts, esplanades became popular in Victorian times when it was fashionable to visit seaside resorts. A promenade, often abbreviated to Prom, was an area where people - couples and families especially - would go to walk for a while in order to be seen, in North America, esplanade has another meaning, being also a median dividing a roadway or boulevard. Sometimes they are just strips of grass, or some may have gardens, some roadway esplanades may be used as parks with a walking/jogging trail and benches. Esplanade and promenade are used interchangeably. The derivation of promenade indicates a place intended for walking, though many modern promenades and esplanades also allow bicycles. Some esplanades also include large boulevards or avenues where cars are permitted, a similar term with the same meaning in the eastern coastal region of Spain is rambla, but more widely referred to as paseo marítimo, paseo or explanada in the Hispanic world. C
14.
Las Vegas Strip
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The Las Vegas Strip is a stretch of South Las Vegas Boulevard in Clark County, Nevada, known for its concentration of resort hotels and casinos. The Strip is approximately 4.2 miles in length, located south of the Las Vegas city limits in the unincorporated towns of Paradise. However, the Strip is often referred to as being in Las Vegas, most of the Strip has been designated an All-American Road, and is considered a scenic route at night. Many of the largest hotel, casino, and resort properties in the world are located on the Las Vegas Strip, fourteen of the worlds 25 largest hotels by room count are on the Strip, with a total of over 62,000 rooms. One of the most visible aspects of Las Vegas cityscape is its use of dramatic architecture, historically, the casinos that were not in Downtown Las Vegas along Fremont Street were limited to outside of the city limits on Las Vegas Boulevard. In 1959 the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign was constructed exactly 4.5 miles outside of the city limits, the sign is today about 0.4 miles south of the southernmost entrance to Mandalay Bay. In the strictest sense, the Strip refers only to the stretch of Las Vegas Boulevard that is roughly between Sahara Avenue and Russell Road, a distance of 4.2 miles. However, the term is used to refer not only to the road but also to the various casinos and resorts that line the road. The traditional definition considers the Strips northern terminus as the SLS, Mandalay Bay, located just north of Russell Road, is the southernmost resort considered to be on the Strip. Because of the number and size of the resorts, the Resort Corridor can be quite wide, Interstate 15 runs roughly parallel and 0.5 to 0.8 miles to the west of Las Vegas Boulevard for the entire length of the Strip. Paradise Road runs to the east in a fashion. The eastern side of the Strip is bounded by McCarran International Airport south of Tropicana Avenue, north of this point, the Resort Corridor can be considered to extend as far east as Paradise Road, although some consider Koval Lane as a less inclusive boundary. Interstate 15 is sometimes considered the edge of the Resort Corridor from Interstate 215 to Spring Mountain Road. North of this point, Industrial Road serves as the western edge, the famous Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign is located in the median just south of Russell Road, across from the now-demolished Klondike Hotel & Casino. Marketing for these casinos usually states that they are on southern Las Vegas Boulevard and not Strip properties. The first casino to be built on Highway 91 was the Pair-o-Dice Club in 1931 and that casino stood for almost 20 years before being destroyed by a fire in 1960. Its success spawned a second hotel on what would become the Strip, the funding for many projects was provided through the American National Insurance Company, which was based in the then notorious gambling empire of Galveston, Texas. Las Vegas Boulevard South was previously called Arrowhead Highway, or Los Angeles Highway, the Strip was named by Los Angeles police officer and businessman Guy McAfee, after his hometowns Sunset Strip
15.
Slot machine
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A slot machine, informally fruit machine, puggy, the slots, poker machine or simply slot, is a casino gambling machine with three or more reels which spin when a button is pushed. Many modern machines are equipped with a legacy lever in addition to the button. Slot machines include a currency detector that validates the money inserted to play, the machine pays off according to patterns of symbols visible on the front of the machine when it stops. Modern computer technology has resulted in variations on the slot machine concept, Slot machines are the most popular gambling method in casinos and constitute about 70 percent of the average US casinos income. The slot machine term derives from the slots on the machine for inserting and retrieving coins, fruit machine comes from the traditional fruit images on the spinning reels, such as lemons and cherries. Sittman and Pitt of Brooklyn, New York, U. S. developed a machine in 1891 which was a precursor to the modern slot machine. It contained five drums holding a total of 50 card faces and was based on poker and this machine proved extremely popular and soon many bars in the city had one or more of the machines. Players would insert a nickel and pull a lever, which would spin the drums and the cards they held, the player hoping for a good poker hand. To make the better for the house, two cards were typically removed from the deck, the ten of spades and the jack of hearts. The drums could also be rearranged to further reduce a players chance of winning, the bell gave the machine its name. Three bells in a row produced the biggest payoff, ten nickels, Liberty Bell was a huge success and spawned a thriving mechanical gaming device industry. Even when the use of these devices was banned in his home state after a few years. The Liberty Bell machine was so popular that it was copied by many slot machine manufacturers, thus in 1907, manufacturer Herbert Mills from Chicago produced a slot machine called the Operator Bell. By 1908 lots of bell machines were installed in most cigar stores, saloons, bowling alleys, brothels, early machines, including an 1899 Liberty Bell, are now part of the Nevada State Museums Fey Collection. Other early machines, such as the trade stimulator, gave out winnings in the form of fruit-flavoured chewing gums with pictures of the flavours as symbols on the reels, the popular cherry and melon symbols derive from this machine. The BAR symbol now common in slot machines was derived from a logo of the Bell-Fruit Gum Company. In these cases, a mint vending machine was declared to be a device because by chance the machine would occasionally give the next user a number of tokens exchangeable for more candy. Despite the fact that the result of the next use would be displayed on the machine, the courts ruled that he appealed to the players propensity to gamble
16.
Sportsbook
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The method of betting varies with the sport and the type of game. In the US, the Professional and Amateur Sports Protection Act of 1992 allows only Nevada, Oregon, Montana, winning bets are paid when the event finishes, or if not finished, when played long enough to become official, otherwise all bets are returned. This policy can cause confusion since there can be a difference between what the sportsbook considers official and what the sports league consider official. Customers should carefully read the rules before placing their bets. The betting volume at sportsbooks varies throughout the year, bettors have more interest in certain types of sports and increase the money wagered when those sports are in season. Major sporting events that dont follow a schedule, like boxing. Most of the United States sportsbooks are located in Nevada, in 1949, Nevada allowed bookmakers to accept bets on horse racing and professional sports. The first Nevada sportsbooks were called Turf Clubs and they were independent from the casinos and had an informal agreement with the hotels that they would stay out of the casino business as long as the hotels stayed out of the sportsbook business. The sportsbooks had to pay a 10 percent tax so they charged a high vigorish to gamblers, but they still brought enough business to make a profit. In 1974 the tax was lowered to 2 percent, and in 1975 Frank Rosenthal, who ran the Stardust Casino, convinced legislators to allow them in the casinos, the turf clubs were no longer able to compete and eventually all closed. Some casinos use third-party operators for their sportsbooks, such as Cantor Gaming, Leroys, Luckys, and Club Cal Neva. In 2011, British bookmaker William Hill agreed to buy the Leroys, the Luckys, and the Cal Neva chains, the Super Bowl is the most popular event for the Nevada sportsbooks. They earned $7.2 million on the $99 million wagered on it in 2013. Because it attracts many unsophisticated bettors, as of January 2014 the books had made money on 21 of the previous 23 Super Bowls, with an average win of $5.5 million over the previous 10 years. The most profitable Super Bowl was in 2005, when the Philadelphia Eagles covered the spread against the favored New England Patriots, earning the books $15.4 million. The two losses were in 1995—when the San Francisco 49ers defeated the San Diego Chargers—and 2008—when the favored Patriots lost to the New York Giants, in 2009, a bill passed to allow sports betting on almost every sport. That year, the NFL, MLB, NHL, NBA, the US Supreme Court ruled that the law partially violated the federal law, and Delaware was only allowed to offer parlays on NFL games. Delawares three racetrack casinos—Dover Downs, Harrington Raceway & Casino, and Delaware Park Racetrack—have sports books, each sportsbook has multiple televisions, large tote boards and stations for people to wager
17.
Flamingo Las Vegas
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Flamingo Las Vegas is a hotel and casino located on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada. It is owned and operated by Caesars Entertainment Corporation, the property includes a 77, 000-square-foot casino along with 3,626 hotel rooms. The 15-acre sites architectural theme is reminiscent of the Art Deco and Streamline Moderne style of Miami and South Beach and it was the third resort to open on the Strip, and it is the oldest resort on the Strip still in operation today. The Flamingo has a Las Vegas Monorail station, the Flamingo/Caesars Palace station, after opening in 1946, it has undergone a number of ownership changes. The Flamingo site occupies 40 acres originally owned by one of Las Vegas first settlers, Squires paid $8.75 an acre for the land. In 1944, Margaret Folsom bought the tract for $7,500 from Squires, Wilkerson was the owner of The Hollywood Reporter as well as some very popular nightclubs in the Sunset Strip, Cafe Trocadero, Ciros and La Rues. La Rue Restaurants Sunset Blvd. RN-086-41949 In 1945, Wilkerson purchased 33 acres on the east side of U. S. Route 91, Wilkerson then hired George Vernon Russell to design a hotel that was more in the European style and something other than the sawdust joints on Fremont Street. He planned a hotel with rooms, a spa, health club, showroom, golf course, nightclub, an upscale restaurant. Due to high wartime materials costs, Wilkerson ran into financial problems almost at once, finding himself $400,000 short and hunting for new financing. In late 1945, mobster Bugsy Siegel and his partners came to Las Vegas, after the resort city piqued Siegels interest due to its legalized gambling. Siegel at the time held a large interest in Trans America Wire, Siegel began by purchasing the El Cortez on Fremont Street for $600,000. His expansion plans were hampered by unfriendly city officials aware of his criminal background, hearing that Wilkerson was seeking extra funding, Siegel and his partners, posing as businessmen, approached him and bought a two-thirds stake in the project. Siegel took over the final phases of construction and convinced more of his associates to invest in the project. Siegel lost patience with the costs, and his notorious outbursts unnerved his construction foreman. Reportedly, Siegel told him, Dont worry — we only kill each other, Siegel had also built a secret ladder in the Presidential Suite to escape if necessary. The ladder led down to a garage where a chauffeured limo was also waiting. Siegel finally opened The Flamingo Hotel & Casino at a total cost of $6 million on December 26,1946, Wilkerson project, with Del Webb Construction as the prime contractor and Richard R. Stadelman the architect. Lore has it that Siegel named the resort after his girlfriend Virginia Hill, who loved to gamble and whose nickname was Flamingo, a nickname Siegel gave her due to her long, skinny legs
18.
Klondike Hotel and Casino
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Klondike Hotel and Casino was a 153-room hotel and a 7,700 sq ft casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Paradise, Nevada, in the United States. The hotel sat between the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign and McCarran International Airport on Las Vegas Boulevard on 6 acres of land, the Klondike was the southernmost hotel on the Las Vegas Strip until it closed in 2006. Mandalay Bay is now the southernmost hotel, John Woodrum, the casinos long-time owner, also operated a sister property, the Klondike Sunset Casino, in nearby Henderson, Nevada, from 1999, until his death in 2014. The Klondike opened in 1962 as the Tiki-themed Kona Kai Motel, ralph Engelstad purchased the motel in 1967. In 1973, four buildings from Engelstads other property, the Flamingo Capri motel, were relocated and converted into a one-story motel building for the Kona Kai. In 1975, John Woodrum split from his business partner, Bill Boyd, Woodrum and another partner, Katsumi Kazama, purchased the motel that year for $1.2 million and renamed it as the Klondike Inn. Woodrum became the owner in May 1976. In 1976, Woodrum provided a line to the Welcome to Fabulous Las Vegas sign. The county later provided power to the sign, in 1982, Woodrum added a casino and renamed the motel as the Klondike Hotel and Casino. In September 2004, Leroys Horse & Sports Place began operating a book at the casino. In May 2005, Royal Palm Las Vegas LLC bought 5.25 acres of adjacent to the Klondike for $42 million. In September 2005, the Klondike was sold to Royal Palm for $23.7 million, the casino closed on June 28,2006, while the hotel, restaurant and bar closed on June 30,2006. Shortly after its closure, the property was used for training by the K9 unit of the Las Vegas Metropolitan Police Department, the Klondikes replacement would have been called Paramount Las Vegas. The new resort would have included an 1, 864-room hotel and 80,000 sq ft casino. Plans for the new resort were approved by Clark County in October 2006, but were sidelined in late August 2007, in September 2007, homeless people were living in the abandoned motel rooms of the Klondike. Royal Palm Las Vegas LLC was ordered to demolish the buildings by November 13,2007. In November 2007, the Klondike was boarded up, demolition of the Klondike began around March 17,2008, and concluded on March 20,2008. The land was put up for sale in May 2008, at a price of $18 million per acre, in May 2013, plans for a Harley-Davidson dealership were announced, to be built on the former land of the Klondike
19.
Best Western
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Best Western International, Inc. operator of the Best Western Hotels & Resorts brand, operates about 4,100 hotels and motels. The chain, with its headquarters in Phoenix, Arizona. The brand was founded by M. K, david Kong is the president and CEO of Best Western, and Dorothy Dowling is the chief marketing officer. In 1964, Canadian hotel owners joined the system, Best Western then expanded to Mexico, Australia, and New Zealand in 1976. In 2002, Best Western International launched Best Western Premier in Europe, in 2011, the chains branding system-wide changed to a three-tiered system, Best Western, Best Western Plus, and Best Western Premier. Since it no longer operates under a brand, Best Western concurrently modified its slogan in 2011 from the worlds largest hotel chain to the worlds largest hotel family. Best Western began in the years following World War II, at the time, most hotels were either large urban properties or smaller family owned roadside hotels. In California, a network of independent hotel operators began making referrals of each other to travelers and this “referral system” consisted of phone calls between one desk operator and another. This small and informal network eventually grew into the modern Best Western hotel chain founded by M. K, the name Best Western was a result of most of their properties originally being in the United States west of the Mississippi River. This partnership made sense geographically, but was not successful in the long run, Best Westerns Gold Crown logo was introduced in 1964 and would continue with a few minor revisions over the next 32 years until it was replaced by a blue and yellow logo in 1996. In 2015, Best Western introduced a new family of logos, replacing the logo and adding signage for Best Western Plus. Best Western used to call itself a cooperative association. Around 1985, it abandoned the cooperative terminology after courts insisted on calling it a franchisor despite its nonprofit status, now there are over 260 Best Western hotels within Great Britain. In 1981, Homestead Motor Inns of Australia affiliated with Best Western and this move put International after the Best Western name. The company has since known as Best Western International. In early 2007, Best Western Australia took over the rights to operate Best Western properties in New Zealand from the previous company and this was a bold but beneficial move for the brand as it made way for better quality properties to be brought into the brand. Currently, Best Western Australia has 205 properties in the group, as of 21 May 2013, Best Western International has announced that it will take over management of the Green Hill Hotel in Yangon, Myanmar. The acquisition will give the hotel Best Westerns brand name and place presence in Myanmar as Best Westerns first hotel establishment in the country, Best Western charges its franchisees a rate that is based on an initial cost plus a fee for each additional room
20.
Culture of Asia
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The culture of Asia is diverse. The different kinds of cultural heritage of many nationalities, societies, the continent is more commonly divided into more natural geographic and cultural subregions, including Central Asia, East Asia, North Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia and West Asia. Culturally, there has been little unity or common history for many of the cultures and peoples of Asia, Asian art, music, and cuisine, as well as literature, are important parts of Asian culture. Eastern philosophy and religion also plays a role, with Hinduism, Taoism, Confucianism, Buddhism, Judaism. One of the most complex parts of Asian culture is the relationship between traditional cultures and the Western world, there are an abundance of ethnic groups throughout Asia, with adaptations to the climate zones of Asia, which can perate, subtropical or tropical. The ethnic groups have adapted to mountains, deserts, grasslands, on the coasts of Asia, the ethnic groups have adopted various methods of harvest and transport. Some groups are primarily hunter-gatherers, some practice transhumance, others have been agrarian/rural for millennia, some groups/countries of Asia are completely urban. The colonization of Asia was largely ended in the century, with national drives for independence. East Asia is usually thought to consist of China, Japan, North Korea, South Korea, the dominant influence historically has been China, though in modern times, cultural exchange has flowed more bi-directionally. Major characteristics of this region include shared Chinese-derived language characteristics, as well as shared religion, there is also a shared social and moral philosophy derived from Confucianism. The Chinese script is the oldest continuously used writing system in the world and it was historically used throughout the region, and is still used in by ethnic Chinese throughout the world, as well as in Japan and to a small and waning extent in South Korea. Within China, the meanings of the characters remain generally unchanged from region to region and this is because Classical Chinese was long the written language of all China, and was replaced by Mandarin as the national written language in the twentieth century. Chinese writing was passed on to Korea, Japan and Vietnam, in Japan, the set of Chinese characters used are called Kanji and form a major component of the Japanese writing system. In the 9th century, Japanese developed their own writing systems called Kana which support Kanji script to suit Japanese language, today, both ideograph Kanji and syllabary Kana is used in mixture in Japanese. In Vietnam, Chinese script was used during the millennium under the influence of China, however, this has now been replaced completely by the Latin Alphabet-based Quoc Ngu. In the 15th century, Korea developed a system called Hangul to make writing. Though Korea, Japan and Vietnam are not Chinese speaking regions, even though their writing systems have changed over time, Chinese is still found in the historical roots of many borrowed words. Though in modern times, Chinese is also influenced by other Asian languages, for example, 文化, 文明, 人民, 経済, 共和 and 哲学 are borrowed words from Japanese to Chinese, known as wasei-kango
21.
Missouri
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Missouri is a state in the Midwestern region of the United States, achieving statehood in 1821. With over six million residents, it is the eighteenth most populous state, the largest urban areas are St. Louis, Kansas City, Springfield, and Columbia. The capitol is in Jefferson City on the Missouri River, the state is the twenty-first most extensive by area and is geographically diverse. The Northern Plains were once covered by glaciers, then tallgrass prairie, in the South are the Ozarks, a forested highland, providing timber, minerals, and recreation. The Mississippi River forms the border of the state, eventually flowing into the swampy Missouri Bootheel. Humans have inhabited the land now known as Missouri for at least 12,000 years, the Mississippian culture built cities and mounds, before declining in the 1300s. When European explorers arrived in the 1600s they encountered the Osage, the French established Louisiana, a part of New France, and founded Ste. Genevieve in 1735 and St. Louis in 1764, after a brief period of Spanish rule, the United States acquired the Louisiana Purchase in 1803. Americans from the Upland South, including enslaved African Americans, rushed into the new Missouri Territory, many from Virginia, Kentucky, and Tennessee settled in the Boonslick area of Mid-Missouri. Soon after, heavy German immigration formed the Missouri Rhineland, Missouri played a central role in the westward expansion of the United States, as memorialized by the Gateway Arch. The Pony Express, Oregon Trail, Santa Fe Trail, as a border state, Missouris role in the American Civil War was complex and there were many conflicts within. After the war, both Greater St. Louis and the Kansas City metropolitan area became centers of industrialization and business, today, the state is divided into 114 counties and the independent city of St. Louis. Missouris culture blends elements from the Midwestern and Southern United States, the musical styles of ragtime, Kansas City jazz, and St. Louis Blues, developed in Missouri. The well-known Kansas City-style barbecue, and lesser known St. Louis-style barbecue can be found across the state, St. Louis is also a major center of beer brewing, Anheuser-Busch is the largest producer in the world. Missouri wine is produced in the nearby Missouri Rhineland and Ozarks, Missouris alcohol laws are among the most permissive in the United States. Outside of the large cities popular tourist destinations include the Lake of the Ozarks, U. S. President Harry S. Truman is from Missouri. Other well known Missourians include Mark Twain, Walt Disney, Chuck Berry, some of the largest companies based in the state include Express Scripts, Monsanto, Emerson Electric, Edward Jones, and OReilly Auto Parts. Missouri has been called the Mother of the West and the Cave State, however, Missouris most famous nickname is the Show Me State, the state is named for the Missouri River, which was named after the indigenous Missouri Indians, a Siouan-language tribe
22.
Nazism
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National Socialism, more commonly known as Nazism, is the ideology and practice associated with the 20th-century German Nazi Party and Nazi Germany, as well as other far-right groups. Nazism subscribed to theories of racial hierarchy and Social Darwinism, identifying Germans as part of what Nazis regarded as an Aryan or Nordic master race and it aimed to overcome social divisions and create a homogeneous society, unified on the basis of racial purity. The term National Socialism arose out of attempts to create a nationalist redefinition of socialism, the Nazi Partys precursor, the Pan-German nationalist and anti-Semitic German Workers Party, was founded on 5 January 1919. By the early 1920s, Adolf Hitler assumed control of the organisation, following the Holocaust and German defeat in World War II, only a few fringe racist groups, usually referred to as neo-Nazis, still describe themselves as following National Socialism. The full name of Adolf Hitlers party was Nationalsozialistische Deutsche Arbeiterpartei, the shorthand Nazi was formed from the first two syllables of the German pronunciation of the word national. The term was in use before the rise of the NSDAP as a colloquial and derogatory word for a peasant, characterizing an awkward. It derived from Ignaz, being a version of Ignatius, a common name in Bavaria. Opponents seized on this and shortened the first word of the name, Nationalsozialistische. The NSDAP briefly adopted the Nazi designation, attempting to reappropriate the term, the use of Nazi Germany, Nazi regime, and so on was popularised by German exiles abroad. From them, the spread into other languages and was eventually brought back to Germany after World War II. In English, Nazism is a name for the ideology the party advocated. The majority of scholars identify Nazism in practice as a form of far-right politics, far-right themes in Nazism include the argument that superior people have a right to dominate over other people and purge society of supposed inferior elements. Adolf Hitler and other proponents officially portrayed Nazism as being neither left- nor right-wing, but the politicians of the Right deserve exactly the same reproach. It was through their miserable cowardice that those ruffians of Jews who came into power in 1918 were able to rob the nation of its arms, a major inspiration for the Nazis were the far-right nationalist Freikorps, paramilitary organisations that engaged in political violence after World War I. The Nazis stated the alliance was purely tactical and there remained substantial differences with the DNVP, the Nazis described the DNVP as a bourgeois party and called themselves an anti-bourgeois party. After the elections in 1932, the alliance broke after the DNVP lost many of its seats in the Reichstag, the Nazis denounced them as an insignificant heap of reactionaries. The DNVP responded by denouncing the Nazis for their socialism, their violence. Kaiser Wilhelm II, who was pressured to abdicate the throne and flee into exile amidst an attempted communist revolution in Germany, there were factions in the Nazi Party, both conservative and radical
23.
Austin Powers: International Man of Mystery
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Austin Powers, International Man of Mystery is a 1997 American spy action comedy film and the first installment of the Austin Powers series. It was directed by Jay Roach and written by Mike Myers, the film co-stars Elizabeth Hurley, Robert Wagner, Seth Green and Michael York. The film also includes appearances by Will Ferrell, Mimi Rogers, Carrie Fisher, Tom Arnold, Christian Slater, Rob Lowe, Neil Mullarkey, the film spoofs the James Bond films, amongst other classic films. The film, which cost US$16.5 million, opened on May 2,1997, grossing US$53 million from its North American release and over $67 million worldwide. The film later spawned two sequels, Austin Powers, The Spy Who Shagged Me and Austin Powers in Goldmember, in 1967, British spy Austin Powers thwarts an assassination attempt by his nemesis Dr. Evil in a London nightclub. Dr. Evil escapes in a space rocket disguised as a Big Boy statue, Powers volunteers to be placed into cryostasis in case Dr. Evil returns in the future. Thirty years later, in 1997, Dr. Evil returns to discover his henchman Number 2 has developed Virtucon, uninterested by genuine business, Dr. Evil conspires to steal nuclear weapons and hold the world hostage for $100 billion. Evil also learns that during his absence his associates have created his son, Scott Evil. Now a Generation X teenager, Scott is resentful of his father’s absence, posing as a married couple, Powers and Kensington track Number 2 to Las Vegas and meet his Italian secretary, Alotta Fagina. Fagina discovers Powers in her suite and seduces him into revealing his true identity, learning that Powers is back, Dr. Evil and his entourage conspire to defeat the spy by creating a series of fembots, beautiful female androids equipped with automatic guns concealed in their breasts. Powers and Kensington attempt to infiltrate the Virtucon headquarters, but are apprehended by Dr. Evils henchman. Meanwhile, the United Nations accede to the demands of Dr. Evil, Powers and Kensington are placed in a death trap by Dr. Evil, but the pair easily escape and Kensington is sent for help. While searching for Dr. Evil, Powers is confronted by the fembots, led by Kensington, British forces raid the underground lair, while Powers finds the doomsday device and deactivates it. Powers confronts Dr. Evil, but Fagina arrives holding Kensington hostage and they are interrupted by Number 2, who attempts to betray Dr. Evil by making a deal with Powers. Dr. Evil uses a door to eliminate Number 2, then activates the base’s self-destruct mechanism. Powers and Kensington escape just as the lair is destroyed in a nuclear explosion, Powers and Kensington are later married, and during their honeymoon Powers is attacked by Random Task. Powers subdues the assassin using a pump, allowing Kensington to knock him out using a bottle of champagne. Afterwards, the couple adjourn to their balcony, among the stars, Powers spots the cryogenic chamber of Dr. Evil, who vows revenge on Powers
24.
Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas
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Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas is an open world action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 26 October 2004 for the PlayStation 2, a high definition remaster received a physical release on both the Xbox 360 and the PlayStation 3 on 30 June 2015 and 1 December 2015, respectively. It is the title in the Grand Theft Auto series. It was released on the day as the handheld game Grand Theft Auto Advance. Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas is played from a perspective in an open world environment. The game is set within the fictional U. S. state of San Andreas, the state of San Andreas consists of three metropolitan cities, Los Santos, based on Los Angeles, San Fierro, based on San Francisco, and Las Venturas, based on Las Vegas. The single-player story follows Carl CJ Johnson, who returns home to Los Santos from Liberty City after his mothers murder. It became the video game of 2004, and has sold over 27.5 million copies worldwide as of 2011. The game, like its predecessors, is cited as a landmark in video games for its influence within the industry. However, the violence and sexual content of San Andreas has been the source of public concern. In particular, a software patch, dubbed the Hot Coffee mod. The next main entry in the series, Grand Theft Auto IV, was released on 29 April 2008, San Andreas has been ported to various other platforms and services, such as OS X, Xbox Live, PlayStation Network and mobile devices. San Andreas is structured similarly to the two games in the series. The core gameplay consists of elements of a shooter and a driving game, affording the player a large. On foot, the character is capable of walking, running, sprinting, swimming, climbing and jumping as well as using weapons. Players can drive a variety of vehicles, including automobiles, buses, semis, boats, fixed-wing aircraft, helicopters, trains, tanks, players may also import vehicles in addition to stealing them. The open, non-linear environment allows players to explore and choose how they wish to play the game, although storyline missions are necessary to progress through the game and unlock certain cities and content, they are not required as players can complete them at their own leisure. When not taking on a mission, players can free-roam and look around the cities of San Andreas, eat in restaurants, or cause havoc by attacking people
25.
Triad (organized crime)
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The starting point for understanding Chinese triads is to make a clear distinction between Hong Kong triad and mainland Chinese criminal organizations. In ancient China, Triad is one of three secret societies in mainland China. It also created branches in Macau, Hong Kong, Taiwan, after the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China, all secret societies were completely destroyed in mainland China through a series of campaigns organized by Chairman Mao. Two features that distinguish a black society from a dark force are the ability of achieving illegal control over markets. Chus Triads as business presents a thorough examination of the rise of Hong Kong triad, according to the Oxford English Dictionary, triad is a translation of the Chinese term San Ho Hui, or Triple Union Society, referring to the union of Heaven, Earth, and Man. Another theory assumes that the term Triad was coined by British authorities in colonial Hong Kong, despite the generic use of the term Triads being associated with all Chinese criminal organizations, this is a mistake. Triad groups are geographically, ethnically, culturally and structurally unique, Triads refers to traditional organized crime groups originating from Hong Kong, Macau and Taiwan. Criminal organizations operating in or originating from mainland China are named as mainland Chinese criminal groups or black societies, moreover, after years of harsh repression, only some parts of Triad groups are involved with illegal activities, using their connections to make profit instead of dirty money. Triad, Chinese based criminal organization, secret association or club, was a branch from one of the Chinese formal secret societies called Hong Society. For some reasons, the Hung society was separated to many divisions and one of them called Triads. Following the foundation of the Peoples Republic of China in 1949 and they competed with Tongs and other Chinese Secret Societies born out of China. Gradually, Chinese Secret Societies were rebels without a cause or a income they turned to drugs and these societies adopted the triangle as their emblem, usually accompanied by decorative images of swords or portraits of Guan Yu. Their aim was to overthrow the Qing Dynasty and restore the Ming Dynasty, in Hong Kong as a colony of the Crown, there was a strong intolerance for secret societies. While being unaware of their previous issues the British considered Triads a criminal threat, Triads were charged and imprisoned in Hong Kong which was under British law at that time. During the 1800s, many societies were seen as legitimate ways of helping immigrants from China settle into a new country. Secret societies were officially banned by the British government in Singapore during the 1890s, tracing the origins of Singapore gangs, the opium trade, prostitution and brothels were also banned. Immigrants were encouraged to help from a local kongsi instead of turning to secret societies. After World War II, these societies saw a resurgence as gangsters took advantage of the uncertainty, certain Chinese communities, such as some new villages of Kuala Lumpur and Bukit Ho Swee in Singapore became notorious for gang violence
26.
Carl Johnson (Grand Theft Auto)
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Carl CJ Johnson is a fictional character and the main playable protagonist from Rockstar Norths Grand Theft Auto, San Andreas, published by Rockstar Games. CJ is a member of the Grove Street Families, a located in Los Santos. While playing Grand Theft Auto, one controls the movements and actions of CJ as he proceeds through the storyline, throughout the game, he slowly rises in prominence as he successfully completes increasingly difficult tasks. When asked about the model of CJ, actor Young Maylay stated that the development team took very professional photographs of him to model CJ. Unlike the principal characters of previous Grand Theft Auto games, CJs appearance is highly customisable, as the player can purchase hair cuts, tattoos, certain clothes, tattoos and hairstyles improve CJs standing with his fellow gang members as well as his sex appeal to his selective girlfriends. As CJ rides bikes, drives cars and motorcycles, and flies aircraft, the player can also choose to exercise, which improves skills such as CJs muscle and stamina. Furthermore, CJ also displays genuine remorse for having to kill fellow Grove Street members Ryder and Big Smoke, CJs naïve personality, inexperience, and face-value interpretations of other characters responses occasionally leads them to question CJs intelligence. In 1987, five years prior to the events of the game, CJ causes the death of his brother. Soon afterwards, CJ decides to leave his life behind by moving to Liberty City. The games main storyline begins with CJs return to Los Santos following the death of his mother, upon his arrival, CJ is confronted by Officers Frank Tenpenny, Eddie Pulaski and Jimmy Hernandez, three members of C. R. A. S. H. Tenpenny and his associates warn CJ early on that they intend to frame him for the murder of police officer Ralph Pendlebury, killed to prevent him from exposing their illegal activities. They also force CJ to work for them in exchange for his safety and the safety of his family and friends. After his confrontation with C. R. A. S. H, CJ returns to Grove Street where he is reunited with his siblings, Sweet and Kendl Johnson and his friends, Big Smoke. CJ learns that his gang, the Grove Street Families lost much of their power and influence to their rival gangs, in particular, the Ballas, during his absence. Shortly after his return, CJ aids his allies in re-establishing the Grove Street Families dominance by expelling crack dealers, acquiring weapons, and regaining lost gang territory. CJ also aids his friend OG Loc in jump starting his career and is later introduced to Kendls boyfriend Cesar Vialpando. However, the Grove Street Families resurgence is short lived as CJ discovers that Big Smoke and Ryder have betrayed the gang by forming alliances with C. R. A. S. H. and the Ballas. Sweet is ambushed by a group of Ballas on that day and is wounded in the subsequent gunfight
27.
Midnight Run
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Midnight Run is a 1988 American action comedy film directed by Martin Brest and starring Robert De Niro and Charles Grodin. Yaphet Kotto, John Ashton, Dennis Farina, Joe Pantoliano, bounty hunter Jack Walsh is enlisted by bail bondsman Eddie Moscone to bring accountant Jonathan The Duke Mardukas back to L. A. The accountant had embezzled $15 million from Chicago mob boss Jimmy Serrano before skipping the $450,000 bail Moscone has posted for him, Walsh must bring Mardukas back within five days, or Moscone defaults. Moscone says the job is easy, a run. Walsh is then approached by FBI Agent Alonzo Mosely, who wants Mardukas to be a witness against Serrano, Walsh takes no notice of this and instead steals Moselys ID, which he uses to pass himself off as an FBI agent along his journey. Serrano’s henchmen Tony and Joey offer Walsh $1 million to turn Mardukas over to them, Walsh captures Mardukas in New York and calls Moscone from the airport, not knowing that Moscones line is tapped by the FBI and that his assistant Jerry is secretly tipping off Serranos men. However, Mardukas fakes an attack on the plane, forcing the two men to travel via train. When Walsh and Mardukas fail to show up in Los Angeles on time, Dorfler tracks them to the train and attempts to take The Duke from Walsh, but Walsh gets the drop on him and leaves the train. However, he discovers when he attempts to purchase bus tickets with a card that Dorfler canceled the card. Without funds, he is forced to rely on other means to get across the country, including stealing cars, borrowing his ex-wife’s car in Chicago, meanwhile, word of the skirmish on the train reaches Moselys ears and he leads a task force to find Walsh and Mardukas. Eventually, just as Jack was going to bust the drug dealer, since then, however, Walsh has clung to the vain hope that he will one day be reunited with his ex-wife. Later, Mardukas learns that the dealer was Serrano himself. In Arizona, Dorfler takes Mardukas away from Walsh, who is found by Mosely, while arguing with Moscone over the phone, Walsh realizes that Dorfler intends to turn Mardukas over to Serrano for $2 million. However, Dorfler accidentally reveals to Serranos men where he is keeping Mardukas and is knocked unconscious by Serranos men, Jack meets up with Serrano while wearing a wire and being watched by the FBI. Dorfler spots Mardukas and interrupts the exchange, unknowingly disabling the wire, after Serrano takes the disks, the FBI closes in, arresting Serrano and his henchmen. Mosely turns Mardukas over to Walsh with enough time to him to L. A. by the deadline. However, Walsh realizes that he bring himself to send Mardukas to prison. Before parting, Walsh gives Mardukas a watch that his wife gave him before their marriage, in return, Mardukas gives Walsh $300,000 in a money belt he had been hiding
28.
Dennis Farina
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Dennis Farina was an Italian-American actor of film and television and former Chicago police officer. He was an actor, often typecast as a mobster or police officer. His most known roles are those of mobster Jimmy Serrano in the comedy Midnight Run. He starred on television as Lieutenant Mike Torello on Crime Story and he also hosted and narrated a revived version of Unsolved Mysteries. His last major role was in HBOs Luck, which premiered on January 29,2012. Farina was born in Chicago, Illinois, to Sicilian-American parents Joseph Farina, a doctor and his father was from Villalba, Sicily. He had three brothers and three sisters, before becoming an actor, Farina served three years in the United States Army, followed by 18 years in the Chicago Police Departments burglary division, from 1967 to 1985. Farina began working for director Michael Mann as a police consultant, Farina moonlighted as an actor in Chicago-based films and theater before Mann chose him for his Crime Story series, which aired on NBC from 1986-88. Farina played mobster Albert Lombard in Manns previous hit television show and he later starred as the title character in Buddy Faro, a 1998 private-detective series on CBS. Two of his movie characters are Jimmy Serrano, the mob boss from Midnight Run, and Ray Bones Barboni. Farina also played FBI Agent Jack Crawford in the first Hannibal Lecter crime film and he played a baseball manager in Little Big League and a basketball coach in Eddie. In a leading-man role and a departure from his parts, Farina co-starred with Bette Midler in a romantic comedy, That Old Feeling. In 1998s Saving Private Ryan, Farina plays a role as the battalion commander who advises Captain John Miller of the mission which forms the basis of the films plot. Farina had a flair for comedy and he won an American Comedy Award for his performance in Get Shorty and starred in a television sitcom, In-Laws, from 2002 until 2003. He appeared in 2002s Stealing Harvard, a comedy in which he played a tough-talking and he also had a comic role opposite Ed Harris and Helen Hunt in the HBO production of Empire Falls in 2005 and opposite Alan Rickman in 2008s Bottle Shock. His distinctive voice was put to use in early 2005, when Farina provided the voice of aging boxer-turned-superhero Wildcat on Justice League Unlimited, in 2004, the producers of the television series Law & Order hired Farina as Det. Joe Fontana, following the departure of longtime cast member Jerry Orbach, Farina stayed on the show for two seasons, but his character was not as popular as Orbachs Det. His role of Detective Lt. Mike Torello on Crime Story was as a Chicago police officer, farinas Law & Order character, Detective Fontana, worked for Chicago Homicide before his transfer to the NYPD
29.
Beer pong
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Beer pong, also known as Beirut, is a drinking game in which players throw a ping pong ball across a table with the intent of landing the ball in a cup of beer on the other end. The game typically consists of opposing teams of two or more players per side with 6 or 10 cups set up in a formation on each side. Each team then takes turns attempting to shoot ping pong balls into the opponents cups, if a ball lands in a cup, the contents of that cup are consumed by the other team and the cup is removed from the table. The first team to all of the opponents cups is the winner. Beer pong is played at parties, bars, colleges/universities and other such as tailgating at sporting events. The original version resembled an actual ping pong game with a net, eventually, a version without paddles was created and the names Beer Pong and Beirut were adopted in some areas of the United States sometime in the 1980s. Bucknell Universitys student-run newspaper, The Bucknellian, claims Delta Upsilon fraternity members at Bucknell created Throw Pong, Throw Pong was then brought to Lehigh University by fraternity brothers who visited Bucknell and this led to the creation of the version of beer pong that is played today. In some places, Beer Pong refers to the version of the game with paddles, however, according to a CollegeHumor survey, beer pong is the more common term than Beirut for the paddle-less game. The origin of the name Beirut is disputed, Beirut, the capital of Lebanon, was the scene of much fighting during the war, particularly mortar fire. Beer pong is played with two teams of two to four players each. Each team begins the game by standing at either end of the table behind their rack of cups, although the game is typically played on either a ping pong table or a folding banquet table, enthusiasts may create a personalized table for use by friends and visitors. In general, this will be a plywood board cut to size, sometimes painted with sports, school, or fraternity symbols. Some companies sell tables, including portable and inflatable tables, however, the game can be played on any flat surface. The most common cups used are 18-US-fluid-ounce disposable plastic cups with ridge-lines which can be used precisely to measure the amount of beer to be poured into the cup, on each side of the table, teams assemble equilateral triangles with a convergence point focusing on the other team. Each team usually also has a cup of water used to rinse off the ball. An inexpensive pale lager or light beer of 3. 2–5% ABV is sometimes preferred because of the quantities consumed during the course of several games. Sometimes under house rules, there might be cups of other liquors used during the game, for non-drinkers, the game may be played without beer, as is done at Utah State University, where alcohol is not allowed on campus, root beer is used instead. For sanitary reasons, the game may also be played with cups of water that players do not drink from, traditionally, the game of beer pong has been played by countless variations of rule sets
30.
Lincoln Capri
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The Lincoln Capri is a full-size automobile that was sold by Lincoln for the 1952 through 1959 model years. It is this car that earned the “Hot Rod Lincoln” term, in 1954, the races final year, Lincolns took first and second place. Competing against the Cadillac Series 62, Chrysler New Yorker, and Packard 200,14,342 Capris were sold in its debut year and it readily outsold its stablemate, the Cosmopolitan, each year until the Cosmopolitans demise. The Capri had a new Lincoln 90 degree V8 engine, in the October,1952 issue of Popular Mechanics, a Lincoln Capri was tested. 0-60 mph time was 14.8 seconds, while the quarter-mile was 21.3 seconds, at 40 mph, fuel economy was recorded at 21mpg. In 1955, the Capri featured a new 225 hp 341 cu in Lincoln Y-Block V8, featuring a four-barrel carburetor, air conditioning became an option for the first time. Riding on a 123.0 in wheelbase and measuring 215.6 in overall, the Capri was also one of the first vehicles to offer an automatic headlight dimmer as optional equipment. It sold 23,673 copies, amounting to 87% of Lincolns total output that year, powered by the 317 cu in Lincoln Y-block V8, Lincolns won the top four spots in the Stock Car category of the Pan American Road Race in both 1952 and 1953. In 1954, the final year, Lincolns took first. The Capri moved down-market, becoming Lincolns entry-level model and the newly introduced Premier based on it became the upper level Lincoln-branded model, in addition, the convertible disappeared from the model range, which already lacked for a four-door hardtop. Sales dropped dramatically, to only 8,791 in 1956 and this is not to imply that over all sales did not increase for 1956. The total production for both Capri and Premier models was 50,322, the Capris appearance borrowed from the radically different concept cars, the Mercury XM-800 and the Lincoln Futura. A new camshaft and higher 10,1 compression boosted output to 300 hp, the new cam did not, however, increase compression, contrary to Florys misapprehension. Even so, sales declined again, to 5,900 units, a facelifted design for 1957 featured more pronounced fins. Total production for 1957 for the Capri and Premier lines was 41,123 and these were the first Lincolns produced at the new Wixom, Michigan, plant, and were made on a unibody platform much like the Lincoln-Zephyr and the original Lincoln Continental. While advertising brochures made the case that Continental Division was still a separate make, the Lincoln Capri was the base model in the Lincoln product line, with the Lincoln Premiere positioned as higher level of standard equipment. Lincoln lost over $60 million during 1958-1960, partly reflecting the expense of developing perhaps the largest unibody car ever made, the 1958 full-size Lincoln sold poorly in all models because of the economic recession in the U. S. The all-new 375 hp 430 cu in MEL V8 was a welcome addition, the 63.1 inches front and 63.0 inches rear shoulder room they possessed set a record for Lincoln that still stands to this day
31.
Marilyn Monroe
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Marilyn Monroe was an American actress and model. Famous for playing comic dumb blonde characters, she one of the most popular sex symbols of the 1950s. Although she was an actress for only a decade, her films grossed $200 million by the time of her unexpected death in 1962. She continues to be considered a popular culture icon. Born and raised in Los Angeles, Monroe spent most of her childhood in foster homes, while working in a factory in 1944 as part of the war effort, she was introduced to a photographer from the First Motion Picture Unit and began a successful pin-up modeling career. The work led to short-lived film contracts with Twentieth Century-Fox and Columbia Pictures, after a series of minor film roles, she signed a new contract with Fox in 1951. Over the next two years, she became an actress with roles in several comedies, including As Young as You Feel and Monkey Business. Monroe faced a scandal when it was revealed that she had posed for photos before becoming a star, but rather than damaging her career. Although she played a significant role in the creation and management of her public image throughout her career, she was disappointed at being typecast and underpaid by the studio. She was briefly suspended in early 1954 for refusing a film project, when the studio was still reluctant to change her contract, Monroe founded a film production company in late 1954, she named it Marilyn Monroe Productions. She dedicated 1955 to building her company and began studying acting at the Actors Studio. In late 1955, Fox awarded her a new contract, which gave her more control and a larger salary. After a critically acclaimed performance in Bus Stop and acting in the first independent production of MMP, The Prince and her last completed film was the drama The Misfits. Monroes troubled private life received much attention and she struggled with substance abuse, depression, and anxiety. She had two highly publicized marriages, to retired baseball star Joe DiMaggio and playwright Arthur Miller, both of which ended in divorce and she died at the age of 36 on August 5,1962, from an overdose of barbiturates at her home in Los Angeles. Although Monroes death was ruled a suicide, several conspiracy theories have been proposed in the decades following her death. Monroe was born Norma Jeane Mortenson at the Los Angeles County Hospital on June 1,1926, Gladys, the daughter of two poor Midwestern migrants to California, was a flapper and worked as a film negative cutter at Consolidated Film Industries. When she was fifteen, Gladys married a man nine years her senior, John Newton Baker and she filed for divorce in 1921, and Baker took the children with him to his native Kentucky
32.
Chrysler Royal
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The Chrysler Royal was a full-size car produced by Chrysler. The Royal name first appeared in 1933 as the name for the CT series. Features included sweeping fenders, suicide doors, dual windshield wipers, dual taillights, prices ranged from $895 for the business coupe to $1085 for the convertible sedan. In 1937 the 6-cylinder powered C-16 series was renamed the Royal, the Royal stayed as the 6-cylinder entry-level model for Chrysler until it was dropped at the end of 1950 model year, making the Chrysler Windsor the entry-level car for the 1951 model year. A November,1936 advertisement lists the Royal as available in ten body types, starting at $715, the Chrysler Royal name was revived by Chrysler Australia in 1957 for an Australian produced model based on the 1953 Plymouth. The royal model name was revived for the 1955 North American Dodge Royal. The name was applied as a trim level of the Chrysler Newport from 1970-72 It would not be reused on any Chrysler branded vehicle. Instead, it was used on Dodge Ram pickup trucks and vans up until the early 1990s
33.
Johnny Carson
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John William Johnny Carson was an American talk show host and comedian, best known for his 30 years as host of The Tonight Show Starring Johnny Carson. Carson received six Emmy Awards, the Television Academys 1980 Governors Award, and he was inducted into the Television Academy Hall of Fame in 1987. Carson was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1992 and received a Kennedy Center Honor in 1993, although his show was already successful by the end of the 1960s, during the 1970s Carson became an American icon and remained so even after his retirement in 1992. He adopted a casual, conversational approach with extensive interaction with guests, former late-night host and friend David Letterman cited Carsons influence. John William Carson was born on October 23,1925, in Corning, Iowa, to Homer Lloyd Kit Carson, a company manager, and Ruth Carson. He grew up in the towns of Avoca, Clarinda. There, Carson grew up and began developing his talent for entertaining, at the age of 12, Carson found a book on magic at a friends house and immediately purchased a mail-order magicians kit. After the purchase of the kit, Carson practiced his entertainment skills on family members with card tricks and he was known for following his family members around saying, Pick a card, any card. Carsons mother sewed him a cape, and his first performance was staged in front of the local Kiwanis Club and he debuted as The Great Carsoni at age 14 and was paid $3 a show. Soon, many performances at local picnics and country fairs followed. After graduating from school, Carson had his first encounter with Hollywood. He hitchhiked to Hollywood, where he was arrested and fined $50 for impersonating a midshipman, Johnny embarked on an adventure, one so laden with implications about his future, that some have wondered if the escapade might not actually be a legend. Carson joined the United States Navy on June 8,1943, commissioned an ensign late in the war, Carson was assigned to the USS Pennsylvania in the Pacific. While in the Navy, Carson posted a 10–0 amateur boxing record and he was en route to the combat zone aboard a troop ship when the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki ended the war. Carson served as a officer in charge of decoding encrypted messages. He said that the point of his military career was performing a magic trick for United States Secretary of the Navy James V. Forrestal. In a conversation with Forrestal, the Secretary asked Carson if he planned to stay in the navy after the war, in response, Carson said no and told him he wanted to be a magician. Forrestal asked him to perform, and Carson responded with a card trick, Carson made the discovery that he could entertain and amuse someone as cranky and sophisticated as Forrestal
34.
Lincoln Continental
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The Lincoln Continental is a series of luxury cars produced by Lincoln, a division of the American automaker Ford Motor Company. First introduced in 1939 as a convertible, which would spawn the personal luxury car segment. In the Lincoln model line, the Continental has served various roles, the final American vehicle to undergo downsizing, the Lincoln Continental is the final American mass-produced vehicle factory-produced as a four-door convertible or produced with a V12 engine. In 1956, Ford created a successor to the first-generation Continental with the introduction of the Continental Mark II, from 1961 to 1976, the Lincoln Continental was the sole model sold by the division. For 1969, Ford revived the Continental Mark series, although marketed and sold through Lincoln-Mercury, following the 2002 model year, the Lincoln Continental was discontinued as the division consolidated its sedan lines to the Lincoln Town Car and the newly introduced Lincoln LS. After a 15-year production hiatus, the Lincoln Continental returned to production for 2017, the Lincoln Continental began life as a personal vehicle for Ford Motor Company President Edsel Ford. In 1938, Ford commissioned a design he wanted ready for his March 1939 vacation from company Chief Stylist Eugene T. Bob Gregorie. Mr. Ford wanted to revive the popularity of the 1929-1932 Lincoln Victoria coupe and convertible but with a modern approach. With the massive decrease in height, the boards were deleted entirely. In contrast to the Zephyr, the hood sat nearly level with the fenders, to focus on the styling of the car, the chrome trim on the car was largely restricted to the grille, instead of door handles, pushbuttons opened the doors. As with the Lincoln-Zephyr, the prototype was fitted with a 267 cubic-inch V12 engine, it was fitted front and rear transverse leaf springs. The design would introduce two long-running features used in many American automobile designs, the prototype designed by Gregorie was produced on time, making the deadline to be delivered to Edsel Ford in Florida. Interest from well-off friends was high, Edsel sent a telegram back to Michigan that he could sell a thousand of them, in reference to its European-inspired design, the Lincoln-based prototype received its name, Continental. Immediately, production commenced on the Lincoln Continental, with the majority of production being Cabriolet convertibles and they were extensively hand-built, the two dozen 1939 models and 400 1940-built examples were built with hand-hammered body panels, dies for machine-pressing were not constructed until 1941. The limited number of 1939 models produced are referred to as 1940 Continentals. Lincoln Continentals from 1939 to 1941 shared largely the same design with each other, based on the Lincoln-Zephyr. For the 1942 model year, all Lincoln models were given squared-up fenders, the result was a boxier, somewhat heavier look in keeping with then-current design trends, but perhaps less graceful in retrospect. 1942 production was shortened, following the entry of the United States into World War II, to attract buyers, the design was refreshed with updated trim, distinguished by a new grille
35.
John F. Kennedy
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Kennedy was a member of the Democratic Party, and his New Frontier domestic program was largely enacted as a memorial to him after his death. Kennedy also established the Presidential Medal of Freedom in 1963, Kennedys time in office was marked by high tensions with Communist states. He increased the number of American military advisers in South Vietnam by a factor of 18 over President Dwight D. Eisenhower, in Cuba, a failed attempt was made at the Bay of Pigs to overthrow the government of Fidel Castro in April 1961. He subsequently rejected plans by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to orchestrate false-flag attacks on American soil in order to gain approval for a war against Cuba. After military service in the United States Naval Reserve in World War II and he was elected subsequently to the U. S. Senate and served as the junior Senator from Massachusetts from 1953 until 1960. Kennedy defeated Vice President, and Republican presidential candidate, Richard Nixon in the 1960 U. S, at age 43, he became the youngest elected president and the second-youngest president. Kennedy was also the first person born in the 20th century to serve as president, to date, Kennedy has been the only Roman Catholic president and the only president to have won a Pulitzer Prize. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas, Texas, on November 22,1963, Lee Harvey Oswald was arrested that afternoon and determined to have fired the shots that hit the President from a sixth floor window of the Texas School Book Depository. Dallas nightclub owner Jack Ruby fatally shot Oswald two days later in a jail corridor, then-Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson succeeded Kennedy after he died in the hospital. The FBI and the Warren Commission officially concluded that Oswald was the lone assassin, the majority of Americans alive at the time of the assassination, and continuing through 2013, believed that there was a conspiracy and that Oswald was not the only shooter. Since the 1960s, information concerning Kennedys private life has come to light, including his health problems, Kennedy continues to rank highly in historians polls of U. S. presidents and with the general public. His average approval rating of 70% is the highest of any president in Gallups history of systematically measuring job approval and his grandfathers P. J. Kennedy and Boston Mayor John F. Fitzgerald were both Massachusetts politicians. All four of his grandparents were the children of Irish immigrants, Kennedy had an elder brother, Joseph Jr. and seven younger siblings, Rosemary, Kathleen, Eunice, Patricia, Robert, Jean, and Ted. Kennedy lived in Brookline for ten years and attended the Edward Devotion School, the Noble and Greenough Lower School, and the Dexter School through 4th grade. In 1927, the Kennedy family moved to a stately twenty-room, Georgian-style mansion at 5040 Independence Avenue in the Hudson Hill neighborhood of Riverdale, Bronx and he attended the lower campus of Riverdale Country School, a private school for boys, from 5th to 7th grade. Two years later, the moved to 294 Pondfield Road in the New York City suburb of Bronxville, New York. The Kennedy family spent summers at their home in Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, in September 1930, Kennedy—then 13 years old—attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, Connecticut. In late April 1931, he required an appendectomy, after which he withdrew from Canterbury, in September 1931, Kennedy attended Choate, a boarding school in Wallingford, Connecticut, for 9th through 12th grade
36.
Revue
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A revue is a type of multi-act popular theatrical entertainment that combines music, dance and sketches. The revue has its roots in 19th century popular entertainment and melodrama, though most famous for their visual spectacle, revues frequently satirized contemporary figures, news or literature. Similar to the related subforms of operetta and musical theatre, the art form brings together music, dance. In contrast to these, however, revue does not have an overarching storyline, rather, a general theme serves as the motto for a loosely-related series of acts that alternate between solo performances and dance ensembles. George Lederers The Passing Show is usually held to be the first successful American review, the English spelling was used until 1907 when Florenz Ziegfeld popularized the French spelling. Follies is now employed as an analog for revue, though the term was proprietary to Ziegfeld until his death in 1932. Other popular proprietary revue names included George Whites Scandals and Earl Carrolls Vanities, Revues are most properly understood as having amalgamated several theatrical traditions within the corpus of a single entertainment. Minstrelsys olio section provided a map of popular variety presentation. Theatrical extravaganzas, in particular, moving panoramas, demonstrated a vocabulary of the spectacular, burlesque, itself a bawdy hybrid of various theatrical forms, lent to classic revue an open interest in female sexuality and the masculine gaze. Revues enjoyed great success on Broadway from the World War I years until the Great Depression, the high ticket prices of many revues helped ensure audiences distinct from other live popular entertainments during their height of popularity. In 1914, the Follies charged $5.00 for an opening night ticket, at time, many cinema houses charged from $0.10 to 0.25. Among the many producers of revues, Florenz Ziegfeld played the greatest role in developing the classical revue through his glorification of a new theatrical type. Revues took advantage of their revenue stream to lure away performers from other media. Performers such as Eddie Cantor, Anna Held, W. C, fields, Bert Williams, the Marx Brothers and the Fairbanks Twins found great success on the revue stage. One of Cole Porters early shows was Raymond Hitchcocks revue Hitchy-Koo, composers or lyricists such as Richard Rodgers, Lorenz Hart, Irving Berlin, and George M. Cohan also enjoyed a tremendous reception on the part of audiences. Sometimes, an appearance in a revue provided a key early entry into entertainment, largely due to their centralization in New York City and adroit use of publicity, revues proved particularly adept at introducing new talents to the American theatre. Rodgers and Hart, one of the great composer/lyricist teams of the American musical theatre, comedian Fanny Brice, following a brief period in burlesque and amateur variety, bowed to revue audiences in Ziegfelds Follies of 1910. Specialist writers and composers of revues have included Sandy Wilson, Noël Coward, John Stromberg, George Gershwin, Earl Carroll, in Britain predominantly, Tom Arnold also specialised in promoting series of revues and his acts extended to the European continent and South Africa
37.
Joan Rivers
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Rivers came to prominence in 1965 as a guest on The Tonight Show. Hosted by her mentor, Johnny Carson, the show established Rivers comedic style, in 1986, with her own rival program, The Late Show with Joan Rivers, Rivers became the first woman to host a late night network television talk show. She subsequently hosted The Joan Rivers Show, winning a Daytime Emmy for Outstanding Talk Show Host and she was the subject of the documentary Joan Rivers, A Piece of Work. In addition to marketing a line of jewelry and apparel on the QVC shopping channel, Rivers authored 12 best-selling books, in 2015, Rivers posthumously received a Grammy Award for Best Spoken Word Album for her book, Diary of a Mad Diva. In 1968, The New York Times television critic Jack Gould called Rivers quite possibly the most intuitively funny woman alive, in 2017, Rolling Stone magazine ranked her sixth on its list of the 50 best stand-up comics of all time. Rivers was born Joan Alexandra Molinsky on June 8,1933, in Brooklyn, New York, Molinsky, who graduated from Long Island College of Medicine. Her elder sister, Barbara Waxler, died on June 3,2013 at the age of 82, within 2 years, she performed in the School Cavalcades, and in 1949, aged 16, she was vice president of the Dramatic Club. Although her principal interests are acting and lindying, her record on the art staff of the Adelphian and she graduated from the Adelphi Academy of Brooklyn, in 1950, at almost 17. Her family later moved to Larchmont, during this period, agent Tony Rivers advised her to change her name, so she chose Joan Rivers as her stage name. During the late 1950s, Rivers appeared in a play, Driftwood. The play ran for six weeks, by 1965, Rivers had a stint on Candid Camera as a gag writer and participant, she was the bait to lure people into ridiculous situations for the show. She also made her first appearance on The Tonight Show with new host Johnny Carson, on February 17,1965, during the same decade, Rivers made other appearances on The Tonight Show as well as The Ed Sullivan Show, while hosting the first of several talk shows. She wrote material for the puppet Topo Gigio and she had a brief role in The Swimmer, starring Burt Lancaster. A year later, she had a syndicated daytime talk show, That Show with Joan Rivers. In the middle of the 1960s, she released at least two albums, The Next to Last Joan Rivers Album and Rivers Presents Mr. Phyllis & Other Funny Stories. By the 1970s, Rivers was appearing on television comedy and variety shows, including The Carol Burnett Show. From 1972 to 1976, she narrated The Adventures of Letterman, in 1973, Rivers wrote the TV movie The Girl Most Likely to. A black comedy starring Stockard Channing, in 1978, Rivers wrote and directed the film Rabbit Test, starring her friend Billy Crystal
38.
Riviera (hotel and casino)
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Riviera was a hotel and casino on the Las Vegas Strip in Winchester, Nevada, which operated from April 1955 to May 2015. It was last owned by the Las Vegas Convention and Visitors Authority, the hotel had over 2,100 rooms, less than half of which were located in a 23-story tower. The casino had 110,000 sq ft of gaming space, the casino was first proposed by Detroit mobster William Bischoff as the Casa Blanca, and received a gaming license in 1952. Bischoff later withdrew from the project, which was taken over by Miami businessman Samuel Cohen. By March 1955, Cohen, identified as a member of Miamis S & G gambling syndicate, was no part of the investment group. Marx Brothers Harpo and Gummo held minority interests at the opening, the Riviera opened on April 20,1955 as the first high-rise and the ninth resort on the Las Vegas Strip. Liberace cut the ribbon, and became the first resident performer. The Riviera became one of the oldest and most famous resorts in Las Vegas Valley. The Riviera also broke new ground in its design, previously, the headline was Las Vegas—Is Boom Overextended. and a story about how Las Vegas had built too many hotel rooms to be profitable. The Riviera casino went bankrupt just three months after opening, a group of former Flamingo Hotel managers led by Gus Greenbaum took over operation of the property, leasing it from the ownership group. Greenbaum had recently retired, and it was suspected that he was coerced to return to work by threats from Chicago mob boss Tony Accardo. Among Greenbaums staff was entertainment director William Nelson, who was discovered to be mob informer Willie Bioff. Greenbaums drug and gambling led to his embezzling from the casino. In December 1958, Greenbaum and his wife were murdered in their Phoenix, Arizona home, mob fixer Sidney Korshak played a major role in the propertys management. Law enforcement agencies suspected that he represented the Chicago Outfits interest in the Riviera, dean Martin was hired in 1969 to perform in the casinos showroom, and was given a 10% interest in the Riviera. Martin left in 1972, after management refused his request to cut his schedule from two nightly shows to one, the Riviera bought back his shares. In 1973, the Riviera was purchased for $60 million by AITS Inc. a Boston-based travel company controlled by Meshulam Riklis, the Riviera is the setting for the movie Fake-Out, which was financed by Riklis and starring his wife, Pia Zadora. The Riviera filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1983, Riklis pledged money to keep the business in operation, and appointed Jeffrey Silver as CEO to turn the Riviera around
39.
The Blues Brothers
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The Blues Brothers are an American blues and soul revivalist band founded in 1978 by comedians Dan Aykroyd and John Belushi as part of a musical sketch on Saturday Night Live. The band made its debut as the musical guest on the April 22,1978, episode of Saturday Night Live, after the death of Belushi in 1982, the Blues Brothers have continued to perform with a rotation of guest singers and other band members. The band reformed in 1988 for a tour and again in 1998 for a sequel to the film. They make regular appearances at festivals worldwide. While not all appeared in the original film, the full band included. In it, Howard Shore and his All-Bee Band play the Slim Harpo song Im a King Bee, with Belushi singing and Aykroyd playing harmonica, dressed in the bee costumes they wore for the Killer Bees sketch. Following tapings of SNL, it was popular among cast members and the hosts to attend Aykroyds Holland Tunnel Blues bar. Dan and John filled a jukebox with songs from different artists such as Sam and Dave. John bought an amplifier and they kept some musical instruments there for anyone who wanted to jam and it was also at the bar that Aykroyd introduced Belushi to the blues. An interest soon became a fascination and it wasnt long before the two began singing with local blues bands, jokingly, SNL band leader Howard Shore suggested they call themselves The Blues Brothers. The suits came from the concept that when you were a player in the 40s, 50s 60s, to look straight. The band was also modeled in part on Aykroyds experience with the Downchild Blues Band, one of the first professional blues bands in Canada, as Aykroyd has said of this time, So I grew up, in this capital city. My parents used to work for the government, and I went to school, high school. And there was a place on Sussex Drive, and there was a club there called Le Hibou. I was going to Le Hibou and hearing James Cotton, Otis Spann, Pinetop Perkins, I actually jammed behind Muddy Waters. S. P. Leary left the drum kit one night, and I walked on stage and we started, I dont know, Little Red Rooster, something. He said keep that going, you make Muddy feel good. Many, many times I saw Howlin Wolf, and of course Buddy Guy, Buddy Guy and Junior Wells, Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhee
40.
Elvis Presley
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Elvis Aaron Presley was an American singer and actor. Regarded as one of the most significant cultural icons of the 20th century, he is referred to as the King of Rock and Roll. Presley was born in Tupelo, Mississippi, and relocated to Memphis and his music career began there in 1954, when he recorded a song with producer Sam Phillips at Sun Records. Accompanied by guitarist Scotty Moore and bassist Bill Black, Presley was a popularizer of rockabilly. RCA Victor acquired his contract in a deal arranged by Colonel Tom Parker, Presleys first RCA single, Heartbreak Hotel, was released in January 1956 and became a number-one hit in the United States. He was regarded as the figure of rock and roll after a series of successful network television appearances. In November 1956, Presley made his debut in Love Me Tender. In 1958, he was drafted into military service, in 1973, Presley featured in the first globally broadcast concert via satellite, Aloha from Hawaii. Several years of drug abuse severely damaged his health. Presley is one of the most celebrated and influential musicians of the 20th century and he won three Grammys, also receiving the Grammy Lifetime Achievement Award at age 36, and has been inducted into multiple music halls of fame. Presley was born on January 8,1935, in Tupelo, Mississippi, to Gladys Love and Vernon Elvis Presley, Jesse Garon Presley, his identical twin brother, was delivered stillborn 35 minutes before his own birth. Thus, as a child, Presley became close to both parents and formed an especially close bond with his mother. The family attended an Assembly of God, where he found his musical inspiration. Although he was in conflict with the Pentecostal church in his later years, rev. Rex Humbard officiated at his funeral, as Presley had been an admirer of Humbards ministry. Presleys ancestry was primarily a Western European mix, including Scots-Irish, Scottish, German, gladyss great-great-grandmother, Morning Dove White, was possibly a Cherokee Native American. Gladys was regarded by relatives and friends as the dominant member of the small family, Vernon moved from one odd job to the next, evincing little ambition. The family often relied on help from neighbors and government food assistance, the Presleys survived the F5 tornado in the 1936 Tupelo–Gainesville tornado outbreak. In 1938, they lost their home after Vernon was found guilty of kiting a check written by the landowner, Orville S. Bean and he was jailed for eight months, and Gladys and Elvis moved in with relatives
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