Meadows of Gold and Mines of Gems is a 10th century history book by an Abbasid scholar al-Masudi. Written in Arabic and encompassing the period from the beginning of the world through to the late Abba

Abū Jaʿfar ʿAbd Allāh ibn Muḥammad al-Manṣūr usually known simply as by his laqab al-Manṣūr was the second Abbasid caliph, reigning from 754 to 775, succeeding his brother al-Saffah. He founded the 'R