1.
The Oregonian (film)
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The Oregonian is a 2011 horror film directed by Calvin Reeder. The movie premiered at the 2011 Sundance Film Festival and was given a limited release beginning on June 8,2012, the Oregonian received a DVD release in early 2013. The movie follows a woman from Oregon, who gets into a car accident and as a result. She has complete amnesia and cannot remember what has happened or even who she is, as she wanders around in an attempt to find help and safety, she comes across several increasingly bizarre people. Lindsay Pulsipher as The Oregonian Robert Longstreet as Herb Matt Olsen as Blond Stranger Lynne Compton as Red Stranger Roger M. Common criticisms centered around the surreal nature, and Variety magazine commented that once it’s clear The Oregonian will offer no real storyline or explanations. Dread Central criticized the characters, commented that other than the main character. Screen Daily and IndieWire both gave positive reviews for The Oregonian, and IndieWire opined that while distributors wouldnt likely enjoy the film, official website The Oregonian at the Internet Movie Database The Oregonian at AllMovie The Oregonian at Metacritic The Oregonian at Rotten Tomatoes
The Oregonian (film)
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The Oregonian
2.
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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A tabloid is a newspaper with a compact page size smaller than broadsheet. There is no standard size for this newspaper format, the term tabloid journalism refers to an emphasis on such topics as sensational crime stories, astrology, celebrity gossip and television, and is not a reference to newspapers printed in this format. Some small-format papers with a standard of journalism refer to themselves as compact newspapers. Larger newspapers, traditionally associated with higher-quality journalism, are called broadsheets, in common usage, tabloid and broadsheet are frequently more descriptive of a newspapers market position than physical format. The Berliner format used by many prominent European newspapers is sized between the tabloid and the broadsheet, in a newspaper context, the term Berliner is generally used only to describe size, not to refer to other qualities of the publication. The word tabloid comes from the name given by the London-based pharmaceutical company Burroughs Wellcome & Co. to the compressed tablets they marketed as Tabloid pills in the late 1880s, the connotation of tabloid was soon applied to other small compressed items. A1902 item in Londons Westminister Gazette noted, The proprietor intends to give in tabloid form all the news printed by other journals, thus tabloid journalism in 1901 originally meant a paper that condensed stories into a simplified, easily absorbed format. The term preceded the 1918 reference to smaller sheet newspapers that contained the condensed stories, a tabloid is defined as roughly 17 by 11 inches and commonly half the size of a broadsheet. Tabloid newspapers, especially in the United Kingdom, boast a very high degree of variation as far as target market, political alignment, editorial style, thus, various terms have been coined to describe the subtypes of this versatile paper format. There are, broadly, two types of tabloid newspaper, red top and compact. The distinction is largely of editorial style, both red top and compact tabloids span the width of the spectrum from socialism to capitalist conservatism. The red top tabloid is, for many, the example of the format. Red tops tend to be written with a simplistic, straightforward vocabulary and grammar, their layout, more often than not, in the extreme case, red top tabloids have been accused of lying or misrepresenting the truth to increase circulation. Poll results are often predicted by red top papers, examples of British red top newspapers include The Sun, the Daily Star, the Daily Mirror and the Daily Sport. In contrast to red top tabloids, compacts use a style more closely associated with broadsheet newspapers. In fact, most compact tabloids formerly used the paper size. The term compact was coined in the 1970s by the Daily Mail, one of the newspapers to make the change. The purpose behind this was to avoid the association of the word tabloid with the flamboyant, the early converts from broadsheet format made the change in the 1970s, two notable British papers that took this step at the time were the Daily Mail and the Daily Express
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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British tabloids, July 5, 2011
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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"A photographer's photographer" quote by
First Lady Mrs. Warren G. Harding who stated the Edward Jackson's photograph of her was "the best photo ever taken." The photo ran on the entire front page of the February 5, 1921
New York Daily News.
Tabloid (newspaper format)
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For other uses, see
Tabloid.
3.
Advance Publications
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Advance Publications, Inc. is an American media company owned by the descendants of S. I. Newhouse Sr. Donald Newhouse and S. I. Newhouse, Jr. It is named after the Staten Island Advance, the first newspaper owned by the Newhouse family, the company is nominally headquartered in the Advance offices in Staten Islands Grasmere neighborhood, though Advance does not have an official headquarters. As of October 2014, it was ranked as the 44th largest private company in the United States according to Forbes, crains ranked Advance Publications the 4th largest private company in the New York area in 2012. In addition to holding publishing and communication assets, Advance serves as the company for the familys 31% stake in cable entertainment company Discovery Communications. Advance also owns a 13% stake in Charter Communications, which it received when Bright House Networks merged with Charter, the Advance Local group includes Advance Digital, a central source of sales and content strategy, product development and technology. Headline Studio, established in 2015, is a content marketing agency. In 2009, Advance Publications launched a reorganization of its newspapers and their affiliate websites. As each property reorganized, the new companies took a digital-first approach to publication, in most cases, staff-produced content is published first to a website, content is then harvested from the website for publication in the printed newspapers. Days of newspaper home delivery were reduced to three or four, except at the New Jersey papers and the Staten Island Advance, Advance sold Random House to German media conglomerate Bertelsmann in 1998. Reddit has 3 sets of shareholders, The largest shareholder is still Advance Publications, the second-largest set of shareholders are reddit employees. In the spin-out that occurred in early 2012, Advance voluntarily reduced its ownership to that of a partial owner in order to put ownership in the hands of current. The third and smallest fraction consists of a set of angel investors, parade Fairchild Fashion Media Bright House Networks Stations are listed alphabetically by state and city of license. Note, - Indicates a station that was built and signed-on by Advance/Newhouse, Newhouse, Thomas Maier, St. Martins Press,1994
Advance Publications
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Advance Publications
4.
International Standard Serial Number
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An International Standard Serial Number is an eight-digit serial number used to uniquely identify a serial publication. The ISSN is especially helpful in distinguishing between serials with the same title, ISSN are used in ordering, cataloging, interlibrary loans, and other practices in connection with serial literature. The ISSN system was first drafted as an International Organization for Standardization international standard in 1971, ISO subcommittee TC 46/SC9 is responsible for maintaining the standard. When a serial with the content is published in more than one media type. For example, many serials are published both in print and electronic media, the ISSN system refers to these types as print ISSN and electronic ISSN, respectively. The format of the ISSN is an eight digit code, divided by a hyphen into two four-digit numbers, as an integer number, it can be represented by the first seven digits. The last code digit, which may be 0-9 or an X, is a check digit. Formally, the form of the ISSN code can be expressed as follows, NNNN-NNNC where N is in the set, a digit character. The ISSN of the journal Hearing Research, for example, is 0378-5955, where the final 5 is the check digit, for calculations, an upper case X in the check digit position indicates a check digit of 10. To confirm the check digit, calculate the sum of all eight digits of the ISSN multiplied by its position in the number, the modulus 11 of the sum must be 0. There is an online ISSN checker that can validate an ISSN, ISSN codes are assigned by a network of ISSN National Centres, usually located at national libraries and coordinated by the ISSN International Centre based in Paris. The International Centre is an organization created in 1974 through an agreement between UNESCO and the French government. The International Centre maintains a database of all ISSNs assigned worldwide, at the end of 2016, the ISSN Register contained records for 1,943,572 items. ISSN and ISBN codes are similar in concept, where ISBNs are assigned to individual books, an ISBN might be assigned for particular issues of a serial, in addition to the ISSN code for the serial as a whole. An ISSN, unlike the ISBN code, is an identifier associated with a serial title. For this reason a new ISSN is assigned to a serial each time it undergoes a major title change, separate ISSNs are needed for serials in different media. Thus, the print and electronic versions of a serial need separate ISSNs. Also, a CD-ROM version and a web version of a serial require different ISSNs since two different media are involved, however, the same ISSN can be used for different file formats of the same online serial
International Standard Serial Number
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ISSN encoded in an EAN-13 barcode with sequence variant 0 and issue number 5
5.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
Portland, Oregon
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Clockwise: View of Portland with
Mount St. Helens in background; downtown cityscape;
Arlene Schnitzer Concert Hall;
Pioneer Courthouse;
Mt. Tabor Reservoir; Skyline Memorial Gardens
Portland, Oregon
Portland, Oregon
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Pioneer Courthouse, 1886
Portland, Oregon
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Portland waterfront in 1898
6.
West Coast of the United States
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The West Coast or Pacific Coast is the coastline along which the contiguous Western United States meets the North Pacific Ocean. As a region, this term most often refers to the states of California. More specifically, it refers to an area defined on the east by the Cascade Range, Sierra Nevada and Mojave Desert, the U. S. Census groups the five states of California, Oregon, Washington, Alaska, and Hawaii together as the Pacific States division. As of the 2010 Census, the population of the Census Bureaus Pacific Region was approximately 47.8 million – about 15. 3% of US population. The largest city on the west coast of the United States is Los Angeles, small isolated groups of hunter-gatherers migrated alongside herds of large herbivores far into Alaska. Between 16,500 BCE and 13,500 BCE, ice-free corridors developed along the Pacific coast and valleys of North America, Alaska Natives, indigenous peoples of the Pacific Northwest Coast, and California indigenous peoples eventually descended from the Paleo-Indians. They developed various languages and established trade routes, later, Spanish, British, French, Russian, and American explorers and settlers began colonizing the area. The West Coast of the United States has a climate in its Northern edge towards the Canada–US border. The coastline sees significantly mild temperatures when compared to the areas during summer. In far Northern California there is a difference of 17 °C between Eurekas and Willow Creek in spite of only 25 miles separating the locations and Willow Creek being located at a 500 metres elevation, coastal fog is also prevalent in keeping shoreline temperatures cool. Since the West Coast has been populated by more recently than the East Coast. Additionally, its demographic composition underlies its cultural difference from the rest of the United States. Californias history first as a major Spanish colony, and later Mexican territory, has given the lower West Coast a distinctive Hispanic tone, which it also shares with the rest of the Southwest. Similarly, two of the three cities in which Asian Americans have concentrated, San Francisco and Los Angeles, are located on the West Coast, San Franciscos Chinatown, the oldest in North America, is a vibrant cultural center. The West Coast also has a large share of green cities within the United States. Other writers, like Jean Baudrillard, Mike Davis, and Umberto Eco, have made related statements on Californian culture, in the Northwest, Portland and Seattle are both considered among the coffee capitals of the world. While Starbucks originated in Seattle, both towns are known for coffee roasters and independent coffeeshops. In the Pacific Northwest at large, which includes the Canadian west coast, the culture has significantly shaped by the environment, especially by its forests, mountains
West Coast of the United States
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The states shown in dark red are included in the term West Coast or Pacific Coast.
7.
Thomas J. Dryer
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Thomas Jefferson Dryer was a newspaper publisher and politician in the Western United States. A member of the Oregon Territorial Legislature in 1857, Dryer is best remembered as the founder of The Oregonian, Dryer was also a committed mountain climber and is credited with being among the first to summit Mount St. Helens and perhaps Mount Hood. Thomas Jefferson Dryer was born on January 10,1808, in Ulster County, after working as a journalist in New York state, Dryer came to San Francisco in 1849 with a hand-operated printing press in tow, seeking a suitable location to establish a newspaper of his own. He initially launched a publication called the California Courier, but with limited success, while in San Francisco Dryer was recruited to relocate north to the town of Portland, Oregon by Stephen Coffin and William W. Chapman, founders and leading boosters of the fledgling enclave. Coffin and Chapman provided a crude log cabin to Dryer to set up his press, in 1856, Dryer served in the Territorial Legislature representing Multnomah and Washington Counties as a Whig. The following year, he was elected and served at the Oregon Constitutional Convention, Dryer became a Republican and was an active supporter of Abraham Lincoln in the Presidential election of 1860, winning election as a presidential elector. Following Lincolns victory, Dryer called in a favor and was appointed U. S. Commissioner to the Kingdom of Hawaii, Dryer was a heavy drinker and it was not long until his taste for alcohol was drawing public scrutiny and criticism. By the summer of 1863 the same paper would be able to report that Ex-Commissioner T. J. Dryer has arrived at San Francisco, on his return from the Sandwich Islands, during Dryers absence The Oregonian was published by Henry Lewis Pittock, a compositor and pressman who had been on the papers staff since November 1853. Dryer was deeply in debt to Pittock for unpaid back wages, when Dryer made no further attempt at repayment, ownership of the Oregonian passed into Pittocks hands. Dryer is credited with being part of the first documented ascent of Mount St. Helens on August 27,1853 and he has also been reported as among the first party to climb Mount Hood, on August 8,1854. He was 71 years old at the time of his death, Dryers body was buried at Lone Fir Cemetery in Portland. The Oregonian Printing Press Park Full body portrait of Dryer in his later years Oregon Biographies, Thomas Jefferson Dryer from the Oregon Historical Society
Thomas J. Dryer
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Dryer was the founding editor of the Portland Oregonian in Dec. 1850.
Thomas J. Dryer
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Thomas J. Dryer
8.
Pacific Northwest
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The Pacific Northwest, sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Though no agreed boundary exists, a common conception includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader conceptions reach north into Alaska and Yukon, south into far northern California and east to the Continental Divide, thus including Idaho, Western Montana, narrower conceptions may be limited to the northwestern US or to the coastal areas west of the Cascade and Coast mountains. The variety of definitions can be attributed to partially overlapping commonalities of the history, geography, society. The Northwest Coast is the region of the Pacific Northwest. The term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory or the Northwest Territories of Canada. The border — in two sections, along the 49th parallel south of British Columbia and the Alaska Panhandle west of northern British Columbia — has had an effect on the region. According to Canadian historian Ken Coates, the border has not merely influenced the Pacific Northwest—rather, definitions of the Pacific Northwest region vary, and there is no commonly agreed-upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common conception of the Pacific Northwest includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington as well as the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader definitions of the region may include the U. S. state of Alaska, the Canadian territory of Yukon, the portion of the state of California. Definitions based on the historic Oregon Country reach east to the Continental Divide, thus including all of Idaho and parts of western Montana. Sometimes the Pacific Northwest is defined as being the Northwestern United States, often these definitions are made by government agencies whose scope is limited to the United States. Some definitions include, in addition to Washington, Oregon, Idaho and British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, western Montana, the coast of northern California, the Pacific Northwest has been occupied by a diverse array of indigenous peoples for millennia. The Pacific Coast is seen by scholars as a major coastal migration route in the settlement of the Americas by late Pleistocene peoples moving from northeast Asia into the Americas. Other evidence for human occupation dating back as much as 14,500 years ago is emerging from Paisley Caves in south-central Oregon, however, despite such research, the coastal migration hypothesis is still subject to considerable debate. Due in part to the richness of Pacific Northwest Coast and river fisheries, in the interior of the Pacific Northwest, the indigenous peoples, at the time of European contact, had a diversity of cultures and societies. Some areas were home to mobile and egalitarian societies, others, especially along major rivers such as the Columbia and Fraser, had very complex, affluent, sedentary societies rivaling those of the coast. In British Columbia and Southeast Alaska, the Tlingit and Haida erected large, throughout the Pacific Northwest, thousands of indigenous people live, and some continue to practice their rich cultural traditions, organizing their societies around cedar and salmon
Pacific Northwest
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The Pacific Northwest from
outer space.
Pacific Northwest
Pacific Northwest
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US Navy Admiral
Charles Wilkes ' 1841 Map of the
Oregon Territory from "Narrative of the United States Exploring Expedition." Philadelphia: 1845
Pacific Northwest
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CenturyLink Field, home of Seattle Seahawks and Sounders FC
9.
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
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The Pulitzer Prize for Public Service is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes annually awarded for journalism. The Public Service prize was one of the original Pulitzers, established in 1917 and it is the only prize in the program that awards a gold medal and is the most prestigious one for a newspaper to win. As with other Pulitzer Prizes, a committee of jurors narrows the field to three nominees, from which the Pulitzer Board generally picks a winner and finalists, finalists have been made public since 1980. The Pulitzer Board issues an official citation explaining the reason for the award, in its first 97 years to 2013, the Public Service Pulitzer was awarded 96 times. There were four years for which no award was given, in 1950,1951,1953,1955 and 1959, prizes were awarded to two newspapers. A reporter was first named in 1947, recently that has more common. 1919, Milwaukee Journal, for its strong and courageous campaign for Americanism in a constituency where foreign elements made such a policy hazardous from a point of view. 1920, no award given 1921, Boston Post, for its exposure of the operations of Charles Ponzi by a series of articles which finally led to his arrest. 1922, New York World, for exposing the operations of the Ku Klux Klan. 1923, Memphis Commercial Appeal, for its courageous attitude in the publication of cartoons,1928, Indianapolis Times, for its work in exposing political corruption to Indiana, prosecuting the guilty and bringing about a more wholesome state of affairs in civil government. 1930, no award given 1931, The Atlanta Constitution, for a successful municipal graft exposure,1932, Indianapolis News, for its successful campaign to eliminate waste in city management and to reduce the tax levy. McKee, and the exposing the lottery schemes of various fraternal organizations. 1934, Medford Mail Tribune, for its campaign against unscrupulous politicians in Jackson County,1935, The Sacramento Bee, for its campaign against political machine influence in the appointment of two Federal judges in Nevada. 1936, Cedar Rapids Gazette, for its crusade against corruption,1937, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its exposure of wholesale fraudulent registration in St. Louis. 1938, Bismarck Tribune, for its news reports and editorials entitled,1939, Miami Daily News, for its campaign for the recall of the Miami City Commission. 1940, Waterbury Republican & American, for its campaign exposing municipal graft,1941, St. Louis Post-Dispatch, for its successful campaign against the city smoke nuisance. 1942, Los Angeles Times, for its campaign which resulted in the clarification and confirmation for all American newspapers of the right of free press as guaranteed under the Constitution. 1943, Omaha World-Herald, for its initiative and originality in planning a campaign for the collection of scrap metal for the war effort
Pulitzer Prize for Public Service
10.
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
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The Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing is one of the fourteen American Pulitzer Prizes that are annually awarded for Journalism. Thus it is one of the original Pulitzers, for the program was inaugurated in 1917 with seven prizes, the program has also recognized opinion journalism with its Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Cartooning from 1922. Finalists have been announced from 1980, ordinarily two others beside the winner, one person ordinarily wins the award for work with one newspaper or with affiliated papers, and that was true without exception between 1936 and 1977. In the early years, several newspapers were recognized without naming any writer, several times from 1977, two or three people have shared the award for their work with one paper. In its first 97 years to 2013, the Editorial Writing Pulitzer was awarded 89 times, in nine years there was no award given and there were two prizes in 1936. 1927, F. P. Chase, Atlantic News-Telegraph, for an editorial titled,1935, no award given 1936, Felix Morley, The Washington Post, for distinguished editorial writing during the year 1936, George B. The Gainesville Sun, for his editorials in support of the desegregation of Floridas schools. Bethlehem Globe-Times, for his campaign to reduce racial tensions in Bethlehem 1973
Pulitzer Prize for Editorial Writing
11.
Home delivery
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Ghar Tak is a 2005 Bollywood film starring Vivek Oberoi, Ayesha Takia, Mahima Chaudhary, and Boman Irani in the lead roles. The film also stars Abhishek Bachchan and Riteish Deshmukh in cameos and it is written and directed by Sujoy Ghosh and produced by Shabbir Boxwalla. Home Delivery is the story of how it takes just a day to change a persons outlook on life forever. Sunny Chopra is a 28-year-old writer who has carved a name for himself as an agony uncle, named Gyan Guru. Sunny also managed to bag a prestigious screenplay writing project for the most happening film director, a bit of a cynic, he believes he is a self-made man and that whatever he has achieved in life is due to his own hard work and nobody elses. His cynicism is extended to his views about marriage to his fiancée Jenny, just as Sunny is cynical about life, Michael Burnett is optimistic about it. 51-year-old Michael is a man, almost childlike and has recently landed job as a pizza delivery boy at Mummys Pizza. Michael has sort of an inclination to lose every job he has ever had in two days flat and this time, however, he vows to keep this one no matter what. On the eve of Diwali, Sunny has loads of stuff to do and very little time to do it. But more importantly he needs to get Jenny out of the way because he has a date with Maya, in this confusion, Sunny forgets that there is no food in his bachelor pad and orders a pizza that Michael is given the task of delivering. And what Michael delivers to Sunny is so more than just a pizza. Sunny is home delivered lifes simple lessons – right to his doorstep, home Delivery at the Internet Movie Database
Home delivery
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Movie poster for
Home delivery
12.
Clark County, Washington
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Clark County is a county in the southwestern part of the U. S. state of Washington. As of the 2010 census, the population was 425,363 and its county seat and largest city is Vancouver. It was the first county in Washington, named after William Clark of the Lewis and it was created by the provisional government of Oregon Territory on August 20,1845, and at that time covered the entire present-day state. Clark County is part of the Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, OR-WA Metropolitan Statistical Area and it is across the Columbia River from Portland. Clark County began as the District of Vancouver on July 27,1844 and it included all the land north of the Columbia River, west of the Rocky Mountains, and south of Alaska. In 1845 the provisional government changed its name to Vancouver County, at that time it stretched from the Columbia River to 54 degrees 40 minutes North Latitude in what is now British Columbia. On June 15,1846 the United States Senate approved the present boundary between the U. S. and Canada at the 49th Parallel, on August 13,1848, President James K. Polk signed an act creating the entire region as the Oregon Territory. On September 3,1849, the Oregon Territorial Legislature modified the borders again, at this time it included all of present-day Washington and continued to be divided and subdivided until reaching its present area in 1880. It was not until 1925 that the spelling was corrected to its present form, in September 1902 the Yacolt Burn, the largest fire in state history, began in neighboring Skamania County and swept west along a 12-mile front to Yacolt, nearly engulfing the town. Salvaging the remaining timber was an industry for a time. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 656 square miles. It is the fifth-smallest county in Washington by land area, Clark County is surrounded on two sides by the Columbia River and on the north by the North Fork of the Lewis River. The East Fork of the Lewis River and the Washougal River cut across the county, the largest stream arising solely within the county is Salmon Creek, which terminates at Vancouver Lake before eventually flowing into the Columbia River. Volcanic andisol soils are common, with fertile mollisols in the lower areas, the central and southwest areas of the county are generally flat floodplains, sculpted by torrents of prehistoric Lake Missoula. Clark Countys Köppen climate classification is Csb, many lakes border the river in the lowlands near Ridgefield, including Vancouver Lake. Eastern and northern Clark County contain forested foothills of the Cascade Mountains, larch Mountain is the countys highest free-standing peak. Common foods used by the people such as the Klickitat tribe and Chinook included salmon, huckleberry. The counterpart to this are warm winds from the southwest known locally as the Pineapple Express, spring thaws can often swell county waterways, with two of the more destructive floods being those of the Columbia River in June 1894 and May,1948
Clark County, Washington
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Clark County Courthouse
Clark County, Washington
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A patrol car of the Clark County Sheriff's Department.
13.
Eastern Oregon
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Eastern Oregon is the eastern part of the U. S. state of Oregon. It is not an officially recognized geographic entity, thus, the boundaries of the region according to context. It is sometimes understood to only the eight easternmost counties in the state, in other contexts. Cities in the broadest definition include Baker City, Bend, Burns, Hermiston, John Day, Klamath Falls, La Grande, Ontario, major industries include timber, agriculture, and tourism. The main transportation corridors are I-84, U. S. Route 395, U. S. Route 97, U. S. Route 26, U. S. Route 30, and U. S. Route 20. Compared to the climate of Western Oregon, the climate of Eastern Oregon is a continental climate. Unlike the Willamette Valley, Eastern Oregon receives a significant amount of snow in the winter, some parts of Eastern Oregon receive fewer than 10 inches of rain yearly, classifying them as deserts. This desert climate is in due to a rain shadow effect caused by the Cascade Range. Volcanic basalt flows from the Columbia River Basalt Group covered large sections of Eastern Oregon 6 to 17 million years ago. Other landforms include the Alvord Desert, Owyhee Desert, Warner Valley, Deschutes River, Owyhee River, Grande Ronde River, Joseph Canyon, The Honeycombs, and Malheur Butte. According to the Eastern Oregon Visitors Association, Eastern Oregon includes only the eight counties, Morrow, Umatilla, Union, Wallowa, Grant, Baker, Harney. Some definitions of the region are more restrictive, while others include the eight counties listed above plus several adjacent counties. Still others include the area east of the Cascade Range, this meaning would also include Sherman, Crook, Deschutes, Gilliam, Jefferson, Klamath, Lake, Wasco. The extreme eastern section of Oregon in the Snake River Valley, including the city of Ontario, is part of the Treasure Valley, unlike the rest of the state, that section lies within the Mountain Time Zone. Sacajawea Peak is the regions highest mountain, although Oregon as a whole is generally considered a blue state, Eastern Oregon is far more conservative than the west. In the 2012 presidential election, Mitt Romney received at least 60% of the vote in county in Eastern Oregon. A movement to have Eastern Oregon secede and join the United States as a 51st state was underway in 2008 and this movement is similar to other Northwest secession proposals such as Jefferson, Lincoln, and Cascadia. However, these lie outside the stricter boundary, unlike the Willamette Valley, Eastern Oregon gets a significant amount of snow in the winter
Eastern Oregon
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Mountains and glacial lake in
Wallowa County attract tourists to the area.
Eastern Oregon
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Eastern Oregon population according to the 8 county definition.
Eastern Oregon
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Baker City is home to the
National Historic Oregon Trail Interpretive Center.
Eastern Oregon
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Downtown Burns
14.
Oregon Coast
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The Oregon Coast is a region of the U. S. state of Oregon. It runs generally north–south along the Pacific Ocean, forming the border of the state. The Oregon Coast stretches approximately 363 miles from the Columbia River in the north to the California state border in the south. The Oregon Coast is not a geological, environmental, or political entity. The Oregon Beach Bill of 1967 allows free access to everyone. This bill allows private beach landowners to retain certain beach land rights, in exchange, the beach landowner grants an easement passage to pedestrians. The Beach Bill grants a public access easement on the beach that cannot be taken away by the landowner, traditionally, the Oregon Coast is regarded as three distinct sub–regions, each with its own local features and regional history. While there are no legal or objective boundaries, Oregonians consider the three regions to be, The North Coast, which stretches from the Columbia River to Cascade Head, the Central Coast, which stretches from Cascade Head to Reedsport. The South Coast, which stretches from Reedsport to the Oregon–California border, the largest city along the Oregon Coast is Coos Bay—population 16, 000—in Coos County on the South Coast. U. S. Route 101 is the highway from Astoria to Brookings. There are over 80 state parks and recreation areas along the Oregon Coast. However, there are only a few highways that cross the Coast Range from the interior to the coast, US30, US26, OR6, US20, OR18, OR34, OR126, OR38, and OR42. OR18 and US20 are considered two of the most dangerous roads in the state, the Oregon Coast includes Clatsop County, Tillamook County, Lincoln County, western Lane County, western Douglas County, Coos County, and Curry County. However, because of this, it is difficult to divide the Oregon Coast into uniform, despite this, The Oregon Coast is traditionally divided into three distinct regions, The North Coast, Central Coast, and South Coast. Because of minor land variation between the North and Central Coast regions, the division between two regions is a more of a civil division than that of a geological division. This is due mostly to the cities in the North Coast region than in the Central Coast region. However, several minor differences do exist between the two regions, both in terms of geology and socioeconomic differences, Astoria serves as a staging ground for ships entering and leaving the Columbia River, because of the dangerous Columbia Bar. Ships wishing to make the passage require the aid of specially trained bar pilots, along the coast are the cities of Seaside, Cannon Beach and Tillamook
Oregon Coast
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Southward view from Ecola State Park, Northern Oregon Coast
Oregon Coast
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Haystack Rock,
Cannon Beach, Oregon
Oregon Coast
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Harbor in
Yaquina Bay,
Newport, Oregon
Oregon Coast
–
Chetco Point,
Brookings, Oregon
15.
Albany, Oregon
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Albany is the county seat of Linn County, and the 11th largest city in the State of Oregon. Albany is located in the Willamette Valley at the confluence of the Calapooia River and it is predominantly a farming and manufacturing city that settlers founded around 1848. As of the 2010 United States Census, the population of Albany was 50,158 and its population was estimated by the Portland Research Center to be 51,583 in 2013. Albany has a home rule charter, a government. The city provides the population access to over 30 parks and trails, a senior center. In addition to farming and manufacturing, the economy depends on retail trade, health care. In recent years the city has worked to revive the downtown shopping area, in the historic era, the area of the Willamette Valley that makes up modern-day Albany was inhabited by one of the tribes of the Kalapuya a Penutian-speaking, Native American people. The Kalapuya had named the area Takenah, a Kalapuyan word used to describe the deep pool at the confluence of the Calapooia, a variation of the place name can also be written as Tekenah. The Kalapuya population in the valley was between 4,000 and 20,000 before contact with Europeans, but they suffered high mortality from new diseases introduced shortly afterward. The tribes were decimated by an epidemic that raged through the Pacific Northwest in 1782–83. A malaria outbreak swept through the region between 1830 and 1833 and it is estimated that as many as 90 percent of the Kalapuya population died during this period. That, coupled with the treaties signed during the 1850s by the Kalapuya to cede land to the United States, the first European American settler arrived in 1845, Abner Hackleman was a farmer from Iowa. Taking up a claim for himself, Hackleman asked Hiram N. Smead to hold another for him until his son arrived from Iowa. In 1846, a year after arriving in Oregon, Hackleman died while returning to Iowa to fetch his family. In 1847 a pair of brothers, Walter and Thomas Monteith, settled in the area, after traveling by ox team along the Oregon Trail from their native state of New York. They were a family of prominence in the area, in 1848, they bought a claim of 320 acres from Hiram Smead for $400. They named the city Albany after their hometown of Albany in New York, during the same period, Hacklemans son Abram reached his fathers original land claim and built a log house in an oak grove still known as Hacklemans Grove. He later built a house, which stands at the corner of Fifth
Albany, Oregon
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First Avenue west in downtown
Albany, Oregon
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Albany, Oregon, 1887
Albany, Oregon
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Linn County courthouse in Albany
Albany, Oregon
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Sidewheel steamboat Occident, at Albany, near Red Crown Mills
16.
Henry W. Corbett
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Henry Winslow Corbett was an American businessman, politician, civic benefactor, and philanthropist in the state of Oregon. A native of Massachusetts, he spent his life in the East. He was a prominent figure in the development of Portland, Oregon and was involved in numerous business ventures there. His interests later included banking, finance, insurance, river shipping, stage lines, railways, telegraph, iron and steel, a Republican, he served as a United States Senator from 1867 to 1873. Henry Corbett was born in Westborough, Massachusetts, on February 18,1827, of English descent, his parents were Elijah and Melinda Corbett. He was the youngest son, the child, of a family of eight. Corbett’s family had settled in Massachusetts in the seventeenth century and his great-great-great-great grandfather, Robert Corbett, had arrived from England about thirty years after the Pilgrim Fathers had landed in 1620. H. W. Corbett was a seventh generation Corbett in North America and his father became the first edge tool manufacturer in Westborough, Mass. and later moved his business to Washington County in New York. When he retired, he moved his family to Cambridge, New York where he had a hotel, there were three sons Joel Hamilton Corbett, the eldest and ten years Henry’s senior, Elijah Corbett III, who was slightly over two years older than Henry. Elijah was to follow his brother, Henry, to Portland in 1854 followed by his two surviving younger sisters Mary Freeland Corbett and Emily Phelps Corbett. H. W. Corbett and these three lived in Portland until their deaths. In 1831, H. W. Corbett moved with his parents to the town of White Creek, Corbett attended the local common schools and then engaged in mercantile pursuits in Cambridge, New York, in 1840. There he attended Cambridge Academy before he moved to New York City in 1843 where he worked at Williams Bradford & Co, dry goods merchants, Oregon Territory had become an undisputed US possession in June 1846. A treaty had been concluded with the British on June 15,1846, so the land South of British Columbia to the California border and West of the Rocky Mountain Divide was no longer US/British joint occupancy but undisputed United States territory. Congress passed the Bill creating Oregon Territory on August 13,1848. ”Williams Bradford were to provide the goods, cash, Corbett, aged twenty-three, was to go to Portland to run the business. She set sail from New York on the voyage through the Straits of Magellan around Cape Horn up the Pacific Coast to Portland. He had embarked on the steamship Empire City from New York, at Panama City he boarded the S. S. Columbia, one of the ships of the Pacific Steamship Company. She was then on her maiden voyage en route to San Francisco, the Columbia was the first steamship built to ply the route between San Francisco and Astoria, at the mouth of the Columbia River
Henry W. Corbett
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Henry W. Corbett
Henry W. Corbett
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Front St. in Portland in 1852. H.W. Corbett, third from right in stove pipe hat, in year after he arrived. (Oregon Historical Society)
Henry W. Corbett
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Corbett's Oregon Stage Line posters (Dale Forster)
Henry W. Corbett
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The O.R.&N.'s “Chicago Special” (Oregon Historical Society)
17.
San Francisco
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San Francisco, officially the City and County of San Francisco, is the cultural, commercial, and financial center of Northern California. It is the birthplace of the United Nations, the California Gold Rush of 1849 brought rapid growth, making it the largest city on the West Coast at the time. San Francisco became a consolidated city-county in 1856, after three-quarters of the city was destroyed by the 1906 earthquake and fire, San Francisco was quickly rebuilt, hosting the Panama-Pacific International Exposition nine years later. In World War II, San Francisco was a port of embarkation for service members shipping out to the Pacific Theater. Politically, the city votes strongly along liberal Democratic Party lines, San Francisco is also the headquarters of five major banking institutions and various other companies such as Levi Strauss & Co. Dolby, Airbnb, Weebly, Pacific Gas and Electric Company, Yelp, Pinterest, Twitter, Uber, Lyft, Mozilla, Wikimedia Foundation, as of 2016, San Francisco is ranked high on world liveability rankings. The earliest archaeological evidence of habitation of the territory of the city of San Francisco dates to 3000 BC. Upon independence from Spain in 1821, the became part of Mexico. Under Mexican rule, the system gradually ended, and its lands became privatized. In 1835, Englishman William Richardson erected the first independent homestead, together with Alcalde Francisco de Haro, he laid out a street plan for the expanded settlement, and the town, named Yerba Buena, began to attract American settlers. Commodore John D. Sloat claimed California for the United States on July 7,1846, during the Mexican–American War, montgomery arrived to claim Yerba Buena two days later. Yerba Buena was renamed San Francisco on January 30 of the next year, despite its attractive location as a port and naval base, San Francisco was still a small settlement with inhospitable geography. The California Gold Rush brought a flood of treasure seekers, with their sourdough bread in tow, prospectors accumulated in San Francisco over rival Benicia, raising the population from 1,000 in 1848 to 25,000 by December 1849. The promise of fabulous riches was so strong that crews on arriving vessels deserted and rushed off to the gold fields, leaving behind a forest of masts in San Francisco harbor. Some of these approximately 500 abandoned ships were used at times as storeships, saloons and hotels, many were left to rot, by 1851 the harbor was extended out into the bay by wharves while buildings were erected on piles among the ships. By 1870 Yerba Buena Cove had been filled to create new land, buried ships are occasionally exposed when foundations are dug for new buildings. California was quickly granted statehood in 1850 and the U. S. military built Fort Point at the Golden Gate, silver discoveries, including the Comstock Lode in Nevada in 1859, further drove rapid population growth. With hordes of fortune seekers streaming through the city, lawlessness was common, and the Barbary Coast section of town gained notoriety as a haven for criminals, prostitution, entrepreneurs sought to capitalize on the wealth generated by the Gold Rush
San Francisco
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San Francisco and the
Golden Gate Bridge from
Marin Headlands
San Francisco
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Mission San Francisco de Asís (Mission Dolores)
San Francisco
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1853
United States Coast Survey Map
San Francisco
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Francis Samuel Marryat, Hilltop of San Francisco, California, Looking toward the Bay, 1849. M.& N. Hanhart Chromolithograph
18.
Ulster County, New York
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Ulster County is a county located in the U. S. state of New York. As of the 2010 census, the population was 182,493, the county is named after the Irish province of Ulster. Ulster County comprises the Kingston, New York Metropolitan Statistical Area and it is located in the states Mid-Hudson Region of the Hudson Valley The area of present-day Ulster County was called Esopus by Dutch settlers, it was then part of the New Netherland Colony. In 1652, Thomas Chambers, a freeholder from the Manor of Rensselaerswyck, purchased land at Esopus, in 1683, the Duke of York created twelve counties in his province. Ulster County was one of them and its boundaries at that time included the present Sullivan County, and portions of the present Delaware, Orange, and Greene Counties. In 1777, the capital of New York State was established at Kingston, in 1797, portions of Otsego and Ulster Counties were split off to create Delaware County. In 1798, the southernmost towns in Ulster County were moved into Orange County, in 1800, portions of Albany and Ulster Counties were split off to create Greene County. In 1809, Sullivan County was split off from Ulster County, during the American Civil War volunteers were recruited from the more affluent families of the County to form the 139th New York Volunteer Infantry Regiment. The Lake Mohonk Mountain House on Shawangunk Ridge was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1986. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, the county has an area of 1,161 square miles. Ulster County is in the southeast part of New York State, south of Albany, much of the county is within the Catskill Mountains and the Shawangunk Ridge. The highest point is Slide Mountain, at approximately 4,180 feet above sea level, the lowest point is sea level along the Hudson River. The population density was 158 people per square mile, there were 77,656 housing units at an average density of 69 per square mile. 7. 6% of the population were Hispanic or Latino of any race,19. 2% were of Italian,16. 8% Irish,15. 5% German,6. 8% English, and 4. 7% American ancestry according to Census 2000. 90. 3% spoke English,4. 5% Spanish,1. 2% Italian, of all households,27. 90% were made up of individuals and 10. 20% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.47 and the family size was 3.03. In the county, the population was out with 23. 50% under the age of 18,8. 70% from 18 to 24,29. 70% from 25 to 44,24. 70% from 45 to 64. The median age was 38 years, for every 100 females there were 99.10 males
Ulster County, New York
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The
Lake Mohonk Mountain House on
Shawangunk Ridge
Ulster County, New York
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Ulster County in 1875
Ulster County, New York
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Lake Minnewaska
Ulster County, New York
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Ashokan Reservoir from Wittenberg
19.
Whig Party (United States)
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The Whig Party was a political party active in the middle of the 19th century in the United States. Four US presidents belonged to the party while in office and it emerged in the 1830s as the immediate successor to the National Republican and Anti-Masonic Parties, and was also rooted in the tradition of the Federalist Party. Along with the rival Democratic Party, it was central to the Second Party System from the early 1840s to the mid-1860s and it originally formed in opposition to the policies of President Andrew Jackson and his Democratic Party. In particular, the Whigs supported the supremacy of the US Congress over the Presidency and favored a program of modernization, banking and it appealed to entrepreneurs, planters, reformers and the emerging urban middle class, but had little appeal to farmers or unskilled workers. It included many active Protestants, and voiced a moralistic opposition to the Jacksonian Indian removal, Party founders chose the Whig name to echo the American Whigs of the 18th century who fought for independence. The underlying political philosophy of the American Whig Party was not directly related to the British Whig party, the Whig Party nominated several presidential candidates in 1836. General William Henry Harrison of Ohio was nominated in 1840, former Senator Henry Clay of Kentucky in 1844, another war hero, General Winfield Scott of New Jersey was the Whig Partys last presidential nominee, in 1852. In its two decades of existence, the Whig Party had two of its candidates, Harrison and Taylor, elected president, John Tyler succeeded to the presidency after Harrisons death in 1841, but was expelled from the party later that year. Millard Fillmore, who became president after Taylors death in 1850, was the last Whig president, the party fell apart because of the internal tension over the expansion of slavery to the territories. Most Whig Party leaders eventually quit politics or changed parties, the northern voter base mostly gravitated to the new Republican Party. In the South, most joined the Know Nothing Party, which unsuccessfully ran Fillmore in the 1856 presidential election, the Constitutional Union Party experienced significant success from conservative former Whigs in the Upper South during the 1860 presidential election. Whig ideology as a policy orientation persisted for decades and played a role in shaping the modernizing policies of the state governments during Reconstruction. The name Whig derived from a term that Patriots used to refer to themselves during the American Revolution and it indicated hostility to the British Sovereign, and despite the identical name, did not directly derive from the British Whig Party. The American Whigs were modernizers who saw President Andrew Jackson as a man on horseback with a reactionary opposition to the forces of social, economic. Casting their enemy as King Andrew, they sought to identify themselves as opponents of governmental overreaching. Despite the apparent unity of Jeffersons Democratic-Republicans from 1800 to 1824, as Jackson purged his opponents, vetoed internal improvements, and killed the Second Bank of the United States, alarmed local elites fought back. In 1831, Henry Clay re-entered the Senate and started planning a new party and he defended national rather than sectional interests. His Jacksonian opponents, however, distrusted the government and opposed all federal aid for internal improvements
Whig Party (United States)
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Handbill for Clay-Frelinghuysen, 1844
Whig Party (United States)
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"An Available Candidate: The One Qualification for a Whig President". Political cartoon about the 1848 presidential election which refers to Zachary Taylor or Winfield Scott, the two leading contenders for the Whig Party nomination in the aftermath of the
Mexican-American War. Published by
Nathaniel Currier in 1848, digitally restored.
Whig Party (United States)
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Horace Greeley 's New York Tribune —the leading Whig paper—endorsed Clay for President and Fillmore for Governor, 1844
20.
Democratic Party (United States)
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The Democratic Party is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, along with the Republican Party. The Democrats dominant worldview was once socially conservative and fiscally classical liberalism, while, especially in the rural South, since Franklin D. Roosevelt and his New Deal coalition in the 1930s, the Democratic Party has also promoted a social-liberal platform, supporting social justice. Today, the House Democratic caucus is composed mostly of progressives and centrists, the partys philosophy of modern liberalism advocates social and economic equality, along with the welfare state. It seeks to provide government intervention and regulation in the economy, the party has united with smaller left-wing regional parties throughout the country, such as the Farmer–Labor Party in Minnesota and the Nonpartisan League in North Dakota. Well into the 20th century, the party had conservative pro-business, the New Deal Coalition of 1932–1964 attracted strong support from voters of recent European extraction—many of whom were Catholics based in the cities. After Franklin D. Roosevelts New Deal of the 1930s, the pro-business wing withered outside the South, after the racial turmoil of the 1960s, most southern whites and many northern Catholics moved into the Republican Party at the presidential level. The once-powerful labor union element became smaller and less supportive after the 1970s, white Evangelicals and Southerners became heavily Republican at the state and local level in the 1990s. However, African Americans became a major Democratic element after 1964, after 2000, Hispanic and Latino Americans, Asian Americans, the LGBT community, single women and professional women moved towards the party as well. The Northeast and the West Coast became Democratic strongholds by 1990 after the Republicans stopped appealing to socially liberal voters there, overall, the Democratic Party has retained a membership lead over its major rival the Republican Party. The most recent was the 44th president Barack Obama, who held the office from 2009 to 2017, in the 115th Congress, following the 2016 elections, Democrats are the opposition party, holding a minority of seats in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a minority of governorships, and state legislatures, though they do control the mayoralty of cities such as New York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, Houston, and Washington, D. C. The Democratic Party traces its origins to the inspiration of the Democratic-Republican Party, founded by Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and that party also inspired the Whigs and modern Republicans. Organizationally, the modern Democratic Party truly arose in the 1830s, since the nomination of William Jennings Bryan in 1896, the party has generally positioned itself to the left of the Republican Party on economic issues. They have been liberal on civil rights issues since 1948. On foreign policy both parties changed position several times and that party, the Democratic-Republican Party, came to power in the election of 1800. After the War of 1812 the Federalists virtually disappeared and the national political party left was the Democratic-Republicans. The Democratic-Republican party still had its own factions, however. As Norton explains the transformation in 1828, Jacksonians believed the peoples will had finally prevailed, through a lavishly financed coalition of state parties, political leaders, and newspaper editors, a popular movement had elected the president
Democratic Party (United States)
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Andrew Jackson was the first Democratic
President of the United States
Democratic Party (United States)
Democratic Party (United States)
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The three leaders of the Democratic party during the first half of the 20th century: President
Woodrow Wilson (nominated in 1912 and '16) Sec. of State
William J. Bryan (nominated in 1896, 1900 and 1908),
Josephus Daniels,
Breckinridge Long,
William Phillips, and
Franklin D. Roosevelt (nominated for VP in 1920 and for president in 1932, 36,'40 and 44)
Democratic Party (United States)
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John F. Kennedy,
35th President of the United States (1961–1963)
21.
Oregon City
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Oregon City is the county seat of Clackamas County, Oregon, United States, located on the Willamette River near the southern limits of the Portland metropolitan area. Established in 1829 by the Hudsons Bay Company, in 1844 it became the first U. S. city west of the Rocky Mountains to be incorporated, as of the 2010 census, the city population was 31,859. Known in recent decades as the site of large paper mills on the Willamette River. During the 1840s and 1850s it was the destination for those wanting to land claims after traveling the Oregon Trail as the last stop on the trail. It was the capital of the Oregon Territory from its establishment in 1848 until 1851, in 1846, the citys newspaper, the Oregon Spectator, was the first American newspaper to be published west of the Rocky Mountains. Oregon City College was established in 1849 as a Baptist school, Oregon City was the site of the Beaver Coins Mint, producing the short-lived independent Oregon Territory currency in 1849. The center of the city part of its historic character through the preservation of houses. Its territory included all of the western United States, the population in the area of Oregon City declined due to the California Gold Rush. That of nearby Portland grew, and the headquarters of the archdiocese was moved there in 1926, in 1928 the name Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon replaced the former name. No longer a residential bishopric, Oregon City is now a titular see, the neighborhood includes a housing project, as well as numerous rural properties. Park Place, formerly an independent community, also includes unincorporated areas outside the city limits, First called Clackamas, then Paper Mill, the community was finally named Park Place for a park in a nearby oak grove. Park Place was platted in 1889, and a post office was established the following year, for a while the name was changed to Parkplace. It borders the Clackamas and Willamette rivers to the north and west and Park Place to the east, i-205 runs through the north part of the neighborhood. The McLoughlin neighborhood is bordered by Washington Street and Singer Hill on the Northwest, a bluff overlooking Abernethy Creek on the northeast and east and it also includes extends to the west to border the Canemah district. The John McLoughlin House and the entrance to the Municipal Elevator are located in this neighborhood. The Barclay Hills neighborhood lies between Rivercrest Park on the west, the city limits on the east, the McLoughlin Neighborhood on the north, and Warner-Milne Road on the south. This neighborhood is bisected by Molalla Avenue, the route of Oregon Route 213 before it was moved to the Oregon City Bypass to the east. The Canemah neighborhood lies along Oregon Route 99E, and is a strip of land sandwiched between the Willamette River and a bluff
Oregon City
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Oregon City and the
Willamette Falls in 1867
Oregon City
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Seal
Oregon City
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Main Street circa 1920
Oregon City
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Willamette Falls and a paper mill at Oregon City Oregon, on the
Willamette River
22.
Henry Pittock
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Henry Lewis Pittock was an Oregon pioneer, newspaper editor, publisher, and wood and paper magnate. He was active in Republican politics and Portland, Oregon civic affairs, a Freemason and he is frequently referred to as the founder of The Oregonian, although it was an existing weekly before he reestablished it as the states preeminent daily newspaper. The third of eight children, he attended schools and apprenticed in his fathers print shop from the age of twelve. He left home at seventeen with his brother, Robert, and inspired by frontier adventure stories, the accommodations were meager, consisting of a space below the front counter where Pittock could spread some blankets. After six months on that basis, he was granted a salary of $900 a year, over the next six years, Pittock was receiving a growing partnership interest in the paper in lieu of a salary. Dryer, paying attention to politics than his business, was frequently unable to pay. Pittock assumed the duties of manager and editor of the newspaper, Pittock married Georgiana Martin Burton, the daughter of a flour mill owner, in 1860. The couple had five children and lived in a house on a block of land now known as the Pittock Block that he purchased for $300 in 1856. In 1861, the newly elected President Lincoln rewarded Dryer for his work on the campaign in Oregon with an appointment in the new administration. Dryer turned over the debt-ridden Oregonian to Pittock as compensation for remaining unpaid salary, Pittock began daily publication of the Morning Oregonian on February 4,1861, on a new steam-powered press he had purchased for the expanded enterprise. Competition with the three daily newspapers in Portland was fierce, and at least two of the rivals, the Times and the Advertiser appeared to have a better chance of success than the Oregonian. To gain an edge, Pittock organized at considerable cost an elaborate system to obtain news about the Civil War ahead of his competitors. Pittock addressed the problems of the paper by requiring cash payment for subscriptions. Ultimately, Pittock not only was able to bring stability to The Oregonian and he was quick to invest heavily in new equipment and production procedures to stay ahead of the competition, sometimes dangerously stretching available capital. Longtime Oregonian editor Harvey W. Scott claimed Pittock had promised him a half interest in The Oregonian in 1877, senator Henry Winslow Corbett for a much needed infusion of cash. Scott would ultimately purchase shares in the paper, and had a long intermittent tenure on its staff, although they were able to maintain a working relationship afterward, it was forever strained by what Scott viewed as a serious betrayal. The bitterness would extend for generations between the two heirs, occasionally exhibiting itself in management disputes at the paper. It was one of several famous Pittock feuds, another involved onetime Oregonian employee, and later City councilman, Will H. Daly
Henry Pittock
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Pittock Mansion
Henry Pittock
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Henry Pittock
23.
Redding, California
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Redding, officially the City of Redding, is the county seat of Shasta County, California, in the northern part of the state. It lies along the Sacramento River, which provided transportation and power in its early years, Interstate 5 bisects the entire city, which has a population of 89,861, from the south to north before it approaches Shasta Lake, located about 15 miles north of downtown. Redding is the largest city in the Shasta Cascade region, and it is the fourth-largest city in the Sacramento Valley, behind Sacramento, Elk Grove, the site of Redding was settled by Native Americans of the Wintu tribe around the year 1000. The original county seat was Shasta, located approximately 6 miles west on 299W, Redding became the county seat after the railroad was built. Situated along the Siskiyou Trail, Redding became a stop on a trade and travel route connecting Californias Central Valley, during the early 19th century, Hudsons Bay Company trappers and numerous European-American settlers passed through the site while traveling along the Siskiyou Trail. The first European-American settler in the area was Pierson B and he was an admirer of John Sutter. In 1844, Reading received the Rancho Buena Ventura Mexican land grant for the occupied by todays Redding and Cottonwood, California. At the time it was the northernmost nonnative settlement in California, the railroad routed the tracks through an area then known as Poverty Flats, stimulating the development of the European-American town of Redding. The railroad stop was named by the Southern Pacific for railroad man Benjamin B, in 1874 town residents changed the spelling of the name to Reading, to honor local pioneer Pierson B. But the railroad did not officially recognize the change and the town restored its original spelling, Redding, Redding was incorporated on October 4,1887 with a population of 600 people. By 1910, Redding had a population of 3,572 supported by a significant mineral extraction industry, however, with the decline of these industries, which had also produced significant amounts of pollution damaging to local agriculture, the population dropped to 2,962 in 1920. By 1930 the population had recovered to 4,188 and then boomed during the 1930s with the construction of nearby Shasta Dam, in 1892 brothers John and Charles Ruggles thought that they could make some easy money by robbing a stagecoach. On May 10,1892, the brothers robbed the Weaverville stage, later, on May 12, the brothers stopped the stage again but Charles was hit with buckshot fired by a guard riding inside the coach. On July 24,1892, a lynch mob wearing masks entered the jail, in what became known as the lynching of the Ruggles brothers, the two men were hanged together from a derrick. The city did not grow markedly until the 1950s, stimulated by postwar expansion of the industry to satisfy pent-up demand for new housing across the country. In addition, construction of the Whiskeytown and Keswick dams brought many workers to the area, completion of Interstate 5 in the late 1960s brought a higher level of traffic and added to development. By 1970, Redding had grown to 16,659 people, in the 1970s, Redding annexed the town of Enterprise, located on the eastern bank of the Sacramento River. The city acquired other county areas, increasing the population to around 35,000, Enterprise residents voted to support the annexation primarily to acquire less expensive electricity via Reddings municipal utility, which receives power from the dam
Redding, California
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Sundial Bridge at Turtle Bay
Redding, California
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Redding from outer space in April 1994.
Redding, California
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Motion picture show at the Cascade Theatre in Redding, California
Redding, California
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A postcard depicting the Lorenz, c. 1902
24.
Jacksonville, Oregon
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Jacksonville is a city in Jackson County, Oregon, United States, about 5 miles west of Medford. It was named for Jackson Creek, which runs through the community and was the site of one of the first placer gold claims in the area and it includes Jacksonville Historic District which was designated a U. S. National Historic Landmark in 1966. As of the 2000 census, the city population was 2,235, as of July 1,2011, the citys population was estimated to be 2,800. Jacksonville was founded following discovery of deposits in 1851–1852. With the creation of Jackson County, it became the county seat, Jacksonville was home to the first Chinatown in Oregon, founded by immigrants from San Francisco, California. Evidence of this chapter of history was uncovered early in March 2004 when road work uncovered artifacts dating to the 1850s and 1860s, construction was halted while archeologists performed four days of rescue excavations. Their findings included broken Chinese bowls and tea cups, handmade bottles, when the gold deposits were worked out, and the railway bypassed Jacksonville in 1884, the citys economy slowed. This had the benefit of preserving a number of structures. It was cited as a mid-19th century inland commercial city significant for its magnificent group of surviving unaltered commercial and residential buildings, the city was the principal financial center of southern Oregon until it was bypassed by the railroad. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 1.89 square miles. As of the census of 2010, there were 2,785 people,1,377 households, the population density was 1,473.5 inhabitants per square mile. There were 1,548 housing units at a density of 819.0 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 95. 6% White,0. 4% African American,0. 6% Native American,0. 9% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 6% from other races, and 1. 9% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 2. 9% of the population,36. 9% of all households were made up of individuals and 21. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.02 and the family size was 2.62. The median age in the city was 54.9 years. 15. 9% of residents were under the age of 18,4. 3% were between the ages of 18 and 24,14. 8% were from 25 to 44,35. 1% were from 45 to 64, and 30% were 65 years of age or older. The gender makeup of the city was 46. 2% male and 53. 8% female, as of the census of 2000, there were 2,235 people,1,034 households, and 661 families residing in the city
Jacksonville, Oregon
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1883
lithograph of Jacksonville.
Jacksonville, Oregon
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California Street
Jacksonville, Oregon
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The former
Jackson County Courthouse
25.
Harvey W. Scott
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Harvey Whitefield Scott was an American pioneer, newspaper editor, and historian. In 1855 and 1856 Scott fought for a year as a volunteer in the Puget Sound War, serving with the militia in skirmishes against the Nisqually, Muckleshoot, Puyallup. With the so-called Indian War at an end, in 1857 Scott walked 150 miles from the home on Puget Sound to Forest Grove, Oregon. During this interval Scotts parents moved their own home from the Washington Territory back to Oregon, the family moved again in 1859, establishing a saw mill at Forest Grove. Harvey Scott spent the years from 1859 to 1863 splitting his time between work and mill work and education, working his way through school. He entered the fledgling Pacific University at Forest Grove and in 1863 became the first alumnus of that institution, after graduation from school, Scott spent a year in Idaho as a gold miner. This interlude proved brief, however, and in 1864 he returned to Oregon, shattuck, a leading Republican and Unionist during the ongoing American Civil War. Scott supported himself while reading law by working as the librarian of the Library Association of Portland, in 1865 Scotts plans to become an attorney came to an abrupt end when he was offered and accepted a position as editorial writer for the Portland Morning Oregonian. Scott was editor of The Oregonian newspaper from 1866–1872 and his editorials strongly supported the Union and the newly emerging Republican party during the Civil War. After leaving the paper in 1872, Scott was the collector of customs for the Port of Portland until 1877, Scott was a Scottish Rite Freemason. Scott died unexpectedly following surgery in Baltimore, Maryland on August 7,1910 and his body was buried at River View Cemetery in Portland. His wife, Margaret Scott, died in 1925, Mount Scott, an extinct volcano in Happy Valley, was named after him, as was Harvey Scott Elementary School in Northeast Portland. Using $10,000 left in his widows will for the purpose, the city council chose the summit of Mount Tabor for the statue in 1928, and Borglum placed a model of the statue there in 1930. The bronze statue was dedicated on July 22,1933, with approximately 3000 in attendance,23 years after Scott died, Oregon governor Julius Meier was chairman of the event, and Chester Harvey Rowell gave a speech. Abigail Scott Duniway – Harveys sister, started a rival newspaper The New Northwest in support of womens suffrage Lewis, henry Pittock History of Portland, Oregon, With Illustrations and Biographical Sketches of Prominent Citizens and Pioneers. Syracuse, NY, D. Mason & Co.1890, alfred Holman, Harvey W. Scott, Editor, Review of His Half-Century Career and Estimate of His Work, Quarterly of the Oregon Historical Society, vol. Lee Nash, Abigail vs. Harvey, Sibling Rivalry in the Oregon Campaign for Woman Suffrage, Oregon Historical Quarterly, in JSTOR Lee Nash, Harvey Scott, The Oregon Encyclopedia, Oregon Historical Society,2015. Lee Nash, Scott of the Oregonian, Literary Frontiersman, Pacific Historical Quarterly, in JSTOR Lee Nash, Scott of the Oregonian, The Editor as Historian, Oregon Historical Quarterly, vol
Harvey W. Scott
–
Harvey W. Scott
26.
William Lair Hill
–
William Lair Hill, also referred to as W. Lair Hill, was an American attorney, historian, and newspaper editor in Portland, Oregon. He worked to codify Oregons and Washingtons laws and he briefly owned property in the Portland neighborhood later named after him, Lair Hill. William Hill was born on August 20,1838, to Reuben Coleman and his father was a doctor and Baptist preacher at their home along the Tennessee River in the southwestern portion of the state. The home in McNairy County was near the site of the 1862 Battle of Shiloh, in 1853, he moved to the Oregon Territory with his parents, with the family settling in Benton County in the Willamette Valley. In Oregon, Hill attended local schools and the Jefferson Institute before finishing his education at McMinnville College in McMinnville, while attending college from 1857 to 1859, he met the daughter of the school president, Julia Hall Chandler, whom he later married. After college he began teaching in McMinnville before reading law at the law firm of George Henry Williams, Hill was admitted to the bar in Oregon in December 1861. After becoming a lawyer, he moved to Eastern Oregon where he served in the army during the American Civil War, from 1864 to 1866, he served as the judge for Grant County. On April 23,1865, he married Julia Hall Chandler in Canyon City and he worked as a newspaper editor for the Daily Union and the Daily Times. Hill moved west to Portland in 1866 where he practiced law, there he also became the editor of the citys main newspaper, The Oregonian, in October 1872. He remained as editor until 1877 when Harvey Scott returned to the paper and he was offered appointments to the Supreme Court of the Washington Territory in 1870 and later to the Supreme Court of Idaho Territory, but declined the positions. Hill then moved to The Dalles after his time as editor in hopes of improving his health, there he helped run the Wasco Academy. In 1886, he codified Oregons laws under authority of the Oregon Legislative Assembly, during his legal career he had partnerships with Richard Williams, Marion Francis Mulkey, George Hannibal Durham, H. Y. Thompson, and W. W. Thayer among others, Hill served as a director of the new Columbia River Railway & Navigation Company in 1892. After a time in Seattle he moved south to Oakland, California, william Lair Hill died at the age of 83 on February 24,1924. The codes and general laws of Oregon, Volume 1, published by authority of statute of February 26,1885
William Lair Hill
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Hill in about 1890
William Lair Hill
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William Lair Hill
27.
Ben Holladay
–
Benjamin Ben Holladay was an American transportation businessman responsible for creating the Overland Stage to California during the height of the 1849 California Gold Rush. Ben Holladay created an empire and he is known in history as the Stagecoach King. A native of Kentucky, he also was hired as a courier to General Alexander Doniphan of Missouri. Doniphan refused point-blank to carry out orders to kill the Mormons during the 1838 Mormon War in Missouri, through Holladays friendship with Brigham Young, Holladay established a profitable freighting contract to Salt Lake City. His transportation empire later included steamships and railroads in Oregon, Holladay was born October 14,1819, in Nicholas County, Kentucky. His father William Holladay was a third-generation American, descended from John The Ranger Holladay, William migrated to Bourbon County, Kentucky, where he was a guide for wagon trains through the Cumberland Gap. Benjamins mother was Margaret Peggy Hughes, benjamin Holladay learned the freight business at an early age and left home in his late teens for a road trip to Santa Fe in what was then Mexico. He then settled in Weston, Missouri, where he worked as a clerk before serving as courier during the 1838 Mormon War for the state militia. Business boomed with his supplies for General Stephen Watts Kearney during the Mexican-American War, Holladay moved to California in 1852 where he was to operate 2,670 miles of stage lines. Holladay acquired the Pony Express in 1862 after it failed to garner a contract for its owners, Russell, Majors. He added significant infrastructure along the trail, including Rattlesnake Station, traveling to New York from San Francisco in July,1862 Holladay was almost killed when the SS Golden Gate sank off Manzanillo. Between the Overland Trail and six routes, Holladay received government subsidies totaling nearly $6 million over a four-year period. Holladay sold his stage routes to Wells Fargo Express in 1866 for $1.5 million, in April 1868, construction started on lines along both the sides of the river. Holladays Eastsiders completed 20 miles of track before the competition, using every trick known to man in the construction, the competition subsequently sold out to him in 1870. Holladay financed the operation via German bankers, who bought $6.4 million of bonds, the Panic of 1873 financial crisis stopped the effort. Holladay lost most of his fortune in the market collapse on September 18,1873. So, in 1874 Henry Villard was sent by Holladays German investors when he was behind on bond interest payments, in 1876, Villard took over the railroad. Ben Holladay died in Portland, Oregon, on July 8,1887, Henry Villard described Holladay as illiterate, coarse, boastful, false, and cunning
Ben Holladay
–
Ben Holladay
Ben Holladay
–
Holladay's lions at the entrance to the
Corcoran Gallery of Art
28.
James J. Montague
–
James Jackson Montague, often referred to as Jim or Jimmy Montague, was an American journalist, satirist, and poet. Renowned as a versifier, Montague is best known for his column More Truth Than Poetry, Montagues journalism career began in 1896 at the Portland Oregonian, where he started as a copy boy. He was soon promoted to reporter and eventually took over the column Slings, in 1902 he was hired by William Randolph Hearst to work at the New York American and New York Evening Journal, where he debuted More Truth Than Poetry. Montague wrote the six days a week, in addition to articles on topics such as politics, theater. In 1919 he moved to the New York World, which described him as the most widely circulated poet in the United States, later in Montagues career, his whimsical pieces were often carried by the Bell Syndicate. James Jackson Montague was born in Mason City, Iowa on April 16,1873, the couple lost their first daughter and son in early childhood, four children survived, including James, his brother Richard, and daughters Carrie and Jane. In Mason City the father worked as a cashier of the First National Bank until it began to lose money in the recession of 1887, the family then moved to Portland, Oregon, where the father went into the insurance business. James J. Montague entered high school there, finishing in two years so he could go to work to support the family. Consequently he never attended university, but he made up for his lack of education through a love of literature. When he heard there was an opening for a boy at the Portland Oregonian. In 1896, at age 23, he was hired as a cub reporter at a salary of $10 a week, soon after, the writer of an Oregonian column titled Slings and Arrows died, and Montague was offered the opportunity to take it over. His version of the column, which included comic verse, was considered an immediate success. In 1898, at age 25, Montague married Helen L. Hageny of Portland and their first child, Richard, was born in 1900. Through an agent, Hearst offered Montague a position in New York City but he declined, preferring to remain in Portland. Hearst was insistent, however, and the writer named what he thought was a prohibitive price, in 1902, Montague, his wife, and son moved to New York, where he began work for Hearst. His daughter Doris, born that year, stayed behind with Montagues mother, initially the family lived in a Manhattan boardinghouse, then moved to number of rented houses in New Rochelle where their second son, James Lee Montague, was born. They finally built their own house at 204 Drake Avenue, moving in around 1904, in New York, Montagues work appeared in both the New York American and New York Evening Journal. He produced a column six times a week, in addition to writing a wide range of articles on politics, books
James J. Montague
–
James Jackson Montague
James J. Montague
–
Members of the Knot-Very Social and Musical Frat prepare to play golf in the 1910s. Among them is James J. Montague, second from left.
29.
William Randolph Hearst
–
Hearst entered the publishing business in 1887 after being given control of The San Francisco Examiner by his wealthy father. Acquiring more newspapers, Hearst created a chain that numbered nearly 30 papers in major American cities at its peak and he later expanded to magazines, creating the largest newspaper and magazine business in the world. Politically he espoused the Progressive Movement, speaking on behalf of the working class and he controlled the editorial positions and coverage of political news in all his papers and magazines and thereby exercised enormous political influence. He also called for war in 1898 against Spain—as did many other newspaper editors—but he did it in sensational fashion, after 1918, he called for an isolationist foreign policy to avoid any more entanglement in what he regarded as corrupt European affairs. He was at once a militant nationalist, a fierce anti-communist, and deeply suspicious of the League of Nations and of the British, French, Japanese, and Russians. He was a supporter of Franklin Roosevelt in 1932–34, but then broke with FDR. His life story was the inspiration for Charles Foster Kane. His famous mansion, Hearst Castle, on a hill overlooking the Pacific Ocean near San Simeon, is now a State Historical Monument and a National Historic Landmark. William R. Hearst was born in San Francisco, to mining engineer, goldmine owner and U. S. senator George Hearst. His paternal great-grandfather was John Hearst, of Ulster Protestant origin and he migrated to America from Ballybay, County Monaghan as part of the Cahans Exodus with his wife and six children in 1766 and settled in South Carolina. Their immigration to South Carolina was spurred in part by the governments policy that encouraged the immigration of Irish Protestants. The names John Hearse and John Hearse Jr, the Hearse spelling of the family name never was used afterward by the family members themselves, or any family of any size. Hearsts mother, née Phoebe Elizabeth Apperson, was also of Irish ancestry and she was the first woman regent of University of California, Berkeley, funded many anthropological expeditions and founded the Phoebe A. Hearst Museum of Anthropology. Following preparation at St. Pauls School in Concord, New Hampshire, while there he was a member of Delta Kappa Epsilon, the A. D. Searching for an occupation, in 1887, Hearst took over management of a newspaper, the San Francisco Examiner, a self-proclaimed populist, Hearst went on to publish stories of municipal and financial corruption, often attacking companies in which his own family held an interest. Within a few years, his paper dominated the San Francisco market, outcault, the inventor of color comics, and all of Pulitzers Sunday staff as well. Another prominent hire was James J. Montague, who came from the Portland Oregonian, Hearst imported his best managers from the San Francisco Examiner and quickly established himself as the most attractive employer among New York newspapers. Hearsts activist approach to journalism can be summarized by the motto, While others Talk, the New York Journal and its chief rival, the New York World, mastered a style of popular journalism that came to be derided as yellow journalism, after Outcaults Yellow Kid comic
William Randolph Hearst
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Hearst in 1906, photograph by
James E. Purdy
William Randolph Hearst
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An ad asking automakers to place ads in Hearst chain, noting their circulation.
William Randolph Hearst
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From left to right: Hearst,
Robert Vignola and Arthur Brisbane in New York, during the filming of Vignola's
The World and His Wife (1920)
William Randolph Hearst
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William Hearst with fascists: Alfred Rosenberg, Carl Bomer, Tilo von Trota, Rosenberg's adjutant
30.
United States Republican Party
–
The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883. The Republicans supported the pietistic Protestants who demanded Prohibition, nevertheless, by 1890 the Republicans had agreed to the Sherman Antitrust Act and the Interstate Commerce Commission in response to complaints from owners of small businesses and farmers
United States Republican Party
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Abraham Lincoln, the first Republican U.S. President (1861–1865).
United States Republican Party
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Republican Party
United States Republican Party
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Theodore Roosevelt,
26th President of the United States (1901–1909)
United States Republican Party
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Dwight Eisenhower,
34th President of the United States (1953–1961)
31.
President of the United States
–
The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
President of the United States
–
Incumbent
Barack Obama since January 20, 2009 (2009-01-20)
President of the United States
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Presidential Seal
President of the United States
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Obama signing legislation at the
Resolute desk
President of the United States
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Abraham Lincoln, the 16th President of the United States, successfully preserved the
Union during the
American Civil War
32.
The Oregonian Building
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The Oregonian Building was a building in downtown Portland, Oregon, United States, which served as the headquarters of Portlands major newspaper, The Oregonian, from 1892 to 1948. It was the first steel-framed building constructed in the Western U. S. a second radio station, KEX, was acquired by the paper in 1933, and joined KGW in new, shared studios in the Oregonian Building. A fire in 1943 forced the stations to relocate. The company sold the building in December 1947 as it prepared for a move to a larger building, in June 1948, the newspaper moved to a new building on Southwest Broadway, also called the Oregonian Building. The 1892 building with the clock tower then stood vacant for about two years until it was demolished, in 1950. The Oregonian began publication in 1850, and in 1878 its office and printing moved to a then-new brick building at the intersection of Front. That building and its predecessor were referred to as the Oregonian Building, during their periods as the newspapers headquarters. In 1890, the Oregonian Publishing Company began construction of a larger headquarters building. The new Oregonian Building was located at the intersection of Southwest Sixth and Alder streets, the buildings nine-story main portion was 134 ft high, but extending for another 60 feet above was a tower with a smaller floor area and a large clock above the 11th floor. The buildings overall height of 194 ft made it the tallest structure in Portland and it was the first steel-framed skyscraper west of Chicago when built. Its footprint was 100 by 100 feet, and it contained roughly 100,000 square feet of space, including the basement. The building was designed by James W. Reid and Merritt J. Reid, otto Kleemann served as a consulting architect. The design was Romanesque Revival, with touches of Richardsonian Romanesque style, above the clock was an open belfry with balconies, where the bells for the clock were located. The clock was made by E. Howard & Co, the first two stories were surfaced in red sandstone and buff brick and terra cotta covered the stories above. The main entrance, on Alder Street, was finished in marble. New, more modern printing presses, made by R. Hoe & Company, were installed in the buildings basement, after completion of the building, some of the space was made available for lease to other businesses. Tenants included a store, a shoe store, a tailor, an optical store. When the building opened, its site was well west of the business district
The Oregonian Building
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The Oregonian Building circa 1912
The Oregonian Building
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The downtown skyline in 1898, with the Oregonian Building in the center
33.
Yeon Building
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The Yeon Building is a historic 59.13 m, 15-story office building completed in 1911 in downtown Portland, Oregon. The buildings namesake is Jean Baptiste Yeon, a self-made timber tycoon who financed the construction, at the time of completion, the Yeon Building was the tallest building in Oregon and it remained so for nearly two years. In 1994, the Yeon Building was added to the National Register of Historic Places, the building was repossessed by First Independent Bank in 2010 from Fountain Village Development and re-sold in March 2011 for $8.9 million. The 126, 170-square-foot was purchased at that time by RGOF Yeon Building LLC, architecture of Portland, Oregon National Register of Historic Places listings in Southwest Portland, Oregon Media related to Yeon Building at Wikimedia Commons
Yeon Building
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Yeon Building in 2012
34.
Basement
–
A basement or cellar is one or more floors of a building that are either completely or partially below the ground floor. However, in cities with high property prices such as London, basements are often fitted out to a high standard, the word cellar or cellars is used to apply to the whole underground level or to any large underground room. A subcellar is a cellar that lies further underneath, a basement can be used in almost exactly the same manner as an additional above-ground floor of a house or other building. However, the use of basements depends largely on factors specific to a geographical area such as climate, soil, seismic activity, building technology. Basements are much easier to construct in areas with soft soils. Adding a basement can also reduce heating and cooling costs as it is a form of earth sheltering, the housing density of an area may also influence whether or not a basement is considered necessary. Historically, basements have become easier to build since the industrialization of home building. For most of its history, the basement took one of two forms. However, beginning with the development of large, mid-priced suburban homes in the 1950s, a daylight basement or a walk-out basement is contained in a house situated on a slope, so that part of the floor is above ground, with a doorway to the outside. The part of the lower than the ground can be considered the true basement area. From the street, some daylight basement homes appear to be one storey, others appear to be a conventional two storey home from the street. Occupants can walk out at that point without having to use stairs, for example, if the ground slopes downwards towards the back of the house, the basement is at or above grade at the back of the house. It is a modern design because of the complexity of uneven foundations, where the basement is above grade. Full-size windows can be installed in a daylight basement and these can provide exits for bedrooms. Ventilation is improved over fully buried basement homes, with less dampness, daylight basements can be used for several purposes – as a garage, as maintenance rooms, or as living space. The buried portion is used for storage, laundry room, hot water tanks. Daylight basement homes typically appraise higher than standard-basement homes, since they include more viable living spaces, in some parts of the US, however, the appraisal for daylight basement space is half that of ground and above ground level square footage. Designs accommodated include split-foyer and split-level homes, garages on both levels are sometimes possible
Basement
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An unfinished basement used for storage and exercise
Basement
–
Chillon Castle (
Château de Chillon) basement
Basement
–
A
Stasi basement hallway
Basement
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Old Town medieval basements in
Warsaw
35.
Ben Hur Lampman
–
Ben Hur Lampman was a U. S. newspaper editor, essayist, short story writer, and poet. He was an associate editor at The Oregonian in Portland, Oregon. Ben Lampman was born on August 12,1886, in Barron and his father, H. H. Lampman, owned a newspaper in Barron. The family moved to Neche, North Dakota, when Ben was 4 years old, as a boy, he worked in his fathers print shop. He left home at age 15 and worked in the country of Canada. At the age of 19, he married Lena Sheldon, a New York City resident who had moved to the Dakotas to become a school teacher and they remained married for the remainder of his life. His first work in newspaper writing took place when he was 19 years old, when he and another young man co-founded the Michigan City Arena and he worked on the Arena for seven years, writing editorials and columns and helping to manage the business. In 1912, Lampman moved from North Dakota to Oregon to become manager and publisher of the Gold Hill News and his writing caught the attention of Paul Kelty, then the news editor of Portlands The Oregonian, who recommended Lampman to editor-in-chief Edgar B. He was hired, moved to Portland, and began working for The Oregonian on February 1,1916, for his first 14 months at the paper, he covered police-related news, but also wrote editorials from time to time. In 1920, he published an account of the 1919 Centralia Massacre, in additional to part-time editorial writing, he worked as a reporter and feature writer for The Oregonian until 1922, when the paper made him a full-time editorial writer and an associate editor. He also wrote essays in The Oregonian. His stories and essays appeared in national magazines such as the Saturday Evening Post. Some of his essays about life in Portland were collected in his 1942 book At the End of the Car Line, in 1943 he won an O. Henry Award for his short story Blinker Was a Good Dog which originally appeared in the Atlantic Monthly. Some of his papers and manuscripts are now in the collection of the library of the University of Oregon, others reside at Lewis and Clark College and the Oregon Historical Society. Lampman also wrote a column in The Oregonian entitled Where to Bury A Dog which is cited in pet memorials. It was included in How Could I Be Forgetting, a 1926 compilation of the authors essays, in total, he authored six books. Lampman was still an associate editor at The Oregonian in early 1951 and he was named poet laureate of Oregon on February 20,1951. In the 1980s, Elizabeth Salway Ryan wrote a biography, The Magic of Ben Hur Lampman, the typescript was published in a very limited edition by Grandson Mark Anders Kronquist and Daughter Sally Ryan Tomlinson
Ben Hur Lampman
–
Ben Hur Lampman
36.
KGW (radio)
–
KPOJ is a radio station serving the Portland metropolitan area in the U. S. state of Oregon and neighboring Washington. It airs a talk format, and is affiliated with Fox Sports Radio. Prior to November 9,2012, the station aired a progressive talk format. The transmitter is located in Sunnyside, Oregon, their studios are in Tigard, the station is owned by iHeartMedia. For more than 70 years, the station at AM620 was KGW, founded in 1922 by The Oregonian newspaper and owned and operated by it until 1953 and it began broadcasting on March 25,1922. KGW affiliated with the NBC network in 1927 and stayed for 29 years until joining ABC Radio in 1956, the stations studios and transmitter were located in the Oregonian Building from 1922 until 1943, when a fire destroyed them and the station moved to other quarters. Among KGWs early personalities was Mel Blanc, a local musician, here, Blanc discovered a talent for character voices that would win him stardom as the voice of Bugs Bunny, Daffy Duck and many other Warner Brothers cartoon features. Under The Oregonian the station gained an AM sister, KEX, in 1933, King Broadcasting founded KGW-TV in 1956. All three stations continue to exist in Portland, but none have any remaining connection to AM620, KGW would flip to Top 40 on January 9,1959. On February 6,1995, KINK-AM changed back to all-talk, now airing nationally syndicated radio programming instead of local talk. The frequent changing of call letters continued, with the station becoming KEWS in 1997, KDBZ in 2000, on July 25,2003, the station flipped to oldies, with the current KPOJ call letters adopted on August 18. For many years and with various formats, the station called itself Super 62, the KPOJ call sign originated at what is now KKPZ AM1330, which for many years was the Mutual Broadcasting Systems Portland affiliate. In the 1970s, that changed its call letters to KUPL. The call letters stand for Portland Oregon Journal, the newspaper that once owned AM1330. On March 31,2004, KPOJ flipped to progressive talk, the progressive talk format was replaced by sports talk at 5,30 PM on November 9,2012, three days after the 2012 general election. Fans of the talk radio format immediately started a campaign to Save KPOJ. In 2013, KPOJ became the station of the Portland Trail Blazers. The station had already aired some Blazers games during the 2012–13 season if there were conflicts with KEXs broadcasts of the Oregon State Beavers, in March 2015 a local morning drive show was added, Rip City Mornings with Andy Bunker and Taylor Danforth
KGW (radio)
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(KPOJ's logo under previous progressive talk format)
37.
NBC
–
The National Broadcasting Company is an American commercial broadcast television network that is the flagship property of NBCUniversal, a subsidiary of Comcast. The network is part of the Big Three television networks, founded in 1926 by the Radio Corporation of America, NBC is the oldest major broadcast network in the United States. Following the acquisition by GE, Bob Wright served as executive officer of NBC, remaining in that position until his retirement in 2007. In 2003, French media company Vivendi merged its entertainment assets with GE, Comcast purchased a controlling interest in the company in 2011, and acquired General Electrics remaining stake in 2013. Following the Comcast merger, Zucker left NBC Universal and was replaced as CEO by Comcast executive Steve Burke, during a period of early broadcast business consolidation, radio manufacturer Radio Corporation of America acquired New York City radio station WEAF from American Telephone & Telegraph. Westinghouse, a shareholder in RCA, had an outlet in Newark, New Jersey pioneer station WJZ. This station was transferred from Westinghouse to RCA in 1923, WEAF acted as a laboratory for AT&Ts manufacturing and supply outlet Western Electric, whose products included transmitters and antennas. The Bell System, AT&Ts telephone utility, was developing technologies to transmit voice- and music-grade audio over short and long distances, the 1922 creation of WEAF offered a research-and-development center for those activities. WEAF maintained a schedule of radio programs, including some of the first commercially sponsored programs. In an early example of chain or networking broadcasting, the station linked with Outlet Company-owned WJAR in Providence, Rhode Island, AT&T refused outside companies access to its high-quality phone lines. The early effort fared poorly, since the telegraph lines were susceptible to atmospheric. In 1925, AT&T decided that WEAF and its network were incompatible with the companys primary goal of providing a telephone service. AT&T offered to sell the station to RCA in a deal that included the right to lease AT&Ts phone lines for network transmission, the divisions ownership was split among RCA, its founding corporate parent General Electric and Westinghouse. NBC officially started broadcasting on November 15,1926, WEAF and WJZ, the flagships of the two earlier networks, were operated side-by-side for about a year as part of the new NBC. On April 5,1927, NBC expanded to the West Coast with the launch of the NBC Orange Network and this was followed by the debut of the NBC Gold Network, also known as the Pacific Gold Network, on October 18,1931. The Orange Network carried Red Network programming, and the Gold Network carried programming from the Blue Network, initially, the Orange Network recreated Eastern Red Network programming for West Coast stations at KPO in San Francisco. The Orange Network name was removed from use in 1936, at the same time, the Gold Network became part of the Blue Network. In the 1930s, NBC also developed a network for shortwave radio stations, in 1927, NBC moved its operations to 711 Fifth Avenue in Manhattan, occupying the upper floors of a building designed by architect Floyd Brown
NBC
–
The
Comcast Building in
New York City (or the GE Building, originally the
RCA Building) serves as the headquarters of NBC.
NBC
–
National Broadcasting Company
NBC
–
Radio City West was located at
Sunset Boulevard and
Vine Street in Los Angeles until it was replaced by a bank in the mid-1960s.
NBC
–
Entrance at the GE Building.
38.
KEX (AM)
–
KEX is an AM, clear channel radio station licensed to Portland, Oregon. It is owned by iHeartMedia, Inc. and airs a format known as NewsRadio 1190. Because KEX is a 50,000 Watt Class A station, it all of the Portland metropolitan area and beyond, providing grade B coverage as far south as Corvallis. At night, KEX can be heard around the Western United States, the transmitter is located in Sunnyside, Oregon with studios and offices in Tigard, Oregon. KEX is a member of the Portland Area Radio Council. Weekends feature shows on money, cars, computers and home repair, as well as repeats of weekday shows. Syndicated shows heard on weekends include Joe Pags, Kim Komando, Bill Handel, Gary Sullivan, KATU Channel 2, the ABC television affiliate in Portland, supplies some local news and weather. ABC Radio News supplies national newscasts at the beginning of most hours, bloomberg Radio provides business news updates. KEX first signed on the air on December 23,1926, some sources show that the station may have originally started broadcasting on 670 kHz. On November 11,1928, KEX started broadcasting on 1180 kHz under the terms of FCC General Order 40, on March 29,1941, the station moved from 1180 kHz to 1190 kHz under the terms of North American Regional Broadcasting Agreement. KEX was the first station to give the voice of Bugs Bunny Mel Blanc a show and his Cobwebs & Nuts program debuted June 15,1933, and ran Monday through Saturday from 11 p. m. to midnight. Westinghouse Broadcasting expanded to the West Coast in 1944 with its purchase of KEX, then 5,000 watts, Westinghouse increased KEXs power to 50,000 watts, day and night, in 1948. Having reached the FCCs then-limit of seven AM stations, Westinghouse sold KEX to actor and singer Gene Autry, from the 1960s through the 1990s, KEX aired a mix of Middle of the road music, talk and news shows. As music listening switched to FM radio stations, KEX cut back on the songs it played till it became a talk station by the late 90s. On March 30,2011 KEX began simulcasting on FM translator K272EL at 102.3 FM, the addition of K272EL was in response to rival news/talker KXLs move from AM750 to the FM band at 101.1. On September 9,2013 KEXs simulcast on KKRZ-HD2 and K272EL ended with KKRZ-HD2 and K272EL switching to a rock format. KEX became the station of the Oregon State Beavers for the 2012-2013 season. Until 2013, KEX was the station of the NBA Portland Trail Blazers
KEX (AM)
–
former logo while simulcasting on 102.3
39.
Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1886)
–
The Westinghouse Electric Corporation was an American manufacturing company. It was founded on January 8,1886, as Westinghouse Electric Company and later renamed Westinghouse Electric Corporation by inventor, George Westinghouse had previously founded the Westinghouse Air Brake Company. The corporation purchased CBS broadcasting company in 1995 and became CBS Corporation in 1997, Westinghouse Electric was founded by George Westinghouse in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania in 1886. The firm became active in developing electric infrastructure throughout the United States, in addition to George Westinghouse, early engineers working for the company included Frank Conrad, Benjamin Garver Lamme, Oliver B. Shallenberger, William Stanley, Nikola Tesla, Stephen Timoshenko and Vladimir Zworykin, early on Westinghouse was a rival to Thomas Edisons electric company. In 1892 Edison was merged with Westinghouses chief AC rival, the Thomson-Houston Electric Company, making even bigger competitor, Westinghouse changed its name to Westinghouse Electric Corporation in 1945. Westinghouse purchased CBS in 1995 and became CBS Corporation in 1997, in 1998, CBS established a brand licensing subsidiary Westinghouse Licensing Corporation. In 1997/1998 the Power Generation Business Unit, headquartered in Orlando, Florida, was sold to Siemens AG, a year later, CBS sold all of its nuclear power businesses to British Nuclear Fuels Limited. Soon after, BNFL gained license rights on the Westinghouse trademarks and that company was sold to Toshiba in 2007. The first commercial Westinghouse steam turbine generator, a 1,500 kW unit. The machine, nicknamed Mary-Ann, was the first steam turbine generator to be installed by a utility to generate electricity in the US. George Westinghouse had based his original steam turbine design on designs licensed from the English inventor Charles Parsons. or were built overseas under Westinghouse license. Major Westinghouse licensees or joint venture partners included Mitsubishi Heavy Industries of Japan and Harbin Turbine Co. Westinghouse boasted 50,000 employees by 1900, and established a formal research and development department in 1906. While the company was expanding, it would experience internal financial difficulties, during the Panic of 1907, the Board of Directors forced George Westinghouse to take a six-month leave of absence. Westinghouse officially retired in 1909 and died years later in 1914. Under new leadership, Westinghouse Electric diversified its business activities in electrical technology and it acquired the Copeman Electric Stove Company in 1914 and Pittsburgh High Voltage Insulator Company in 1921. Westinghouse also moved into broadcasting by establishing Pittsburghs KDKA, the first commercial radio station. Westinghouse expanded into the business, establishing the Westinghouse Elevator Company in 1928
Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1886)
–
George Westinghouse
Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1886)
–
Westinghouse logo (designed by
Paul Rand)
Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1886)
–
Pittsburgh Plant (before 1888)
Westinghouse Electric Corporation (1886)
–
Close up of Westinghouse logo on historic kitchen stove at John & Mable Ringling Museum, Sarasota
40.
KKRZ
–
KKRZ is a commercial broadcast radio station in Portland, Oregon, also known as Z100, broadcasts Top 40 music. Owned by iHeartMedia, the transmitter is located in Portlands West Hills, their studios are in Tigard, what is now KKRZ first signed on May 7,1946 as KGW-FM on 95.3 MHz and moved to 100.3 MHz on September 22,1947. The call letters changed to KQFM on December 1,1954 and broadcast a music format known as Q-Music. The format was changed to oldies on March 16,1981 as Solid Gold FM-100, the station changed to the KKRZ call letters and changed to what is considered a Hot AC format as The Rose on November 2,1983. KKRZ began its current heritage Top 40 format on March 16,1984, in 1986, the station adopted a more rhythmic-leaning format due to the lack of an existing urban-oriented station in Portland. That move would pay off and made KKRZ a dominant success in the ratings in its first 15 years. That was until 1999, when it picked up competition from Adult Contemporary rival KXL-FM and this competition between the two would last for nine years, as KXJM would overtake KKRZ in the Portland Arbitrons. KKRZ would later move towards the center again and became a more balanced Top 40/CHR, on April 1,2009, iHeartMedia took over ownership of KXJM from CBS, thus making KKRZ and KXJM sister stations. Both stations retained their respective formats, however, in March 2010, KXJM relaunched as WiLD107.5 but kept its Rhythmic Top 40 format intact. In addition, both continue to place among the top 10 in the Portland Arbitrons. Z100 has had several morning shows throughout its history, the Z Morning Zoo started in 1984, and had multiple hosts & cohosts over the years. These included Gary Bryan, Dan Clark, John Murphy, Tony Martinez, Nelson the Intern, Scott Thrower, Billy Hayes, Valerie Ring, Brooke Belson, the Zoo format lasted until 2000, when it was replaced with Chet & Nicole. They lasted until 2002, when mornings were assigned to the BuckHead Show, on August 31,2007, BuckHeads morning fill-in host Brooke Fox announced that indeed, The T-Man Show was coming to Z100 mornings on Tuesday, September 4,2007. The T-Man Show was based out of Seattle and was syndicated in San Francisco, buck Head can now be heard on WDZH in Detroit, MI. Less than six months after the T-Man show debuted in Portland, it was pulled from KKRZ, the T-Man could still be heard in Seattle and San Francisco until the show ended in 2009. The replacement morning show is the Arizona-based Johnjay and Rich show, in addition to the morning show, KKRZs weekday lineup include On Air with Ryan Seacrest in middays, Maui in early afternoons, Carson in afternoon drive, and Brady in nights. Other personalities Kaydo and Brett Andrews, weekends, American Top 40, and iHeartRadio Countdown. Weather reports are provided by KATU and traffic reports by sister station KEX, kKRZ-HD2 airs an alternative rock format branded as Radio 102.3
KKRZ
–
former logo
41.
Pietro Belluschi
–
Pietro Belluschi was an Italian-born American architect, a leader of the Modern Movement in architecture, and was responsible for the design of over 1,000 buildings. Born in Italy, Belluschis architectural career began as a draftsman in a Portland, Oregon and he achieved a national reputation within about 20 years, largely for his 1947 aluminum-clad Equitable Building. He won the 1972 AIA Gold Medal, pietro Belluschi was born in Ancona, Italy, in 1899. He grew up in Italy and served in the Italian armed forces during World War I when Italy was allied with Great Britain, France, serving in the army he fought against the Austrians at the battles of Caporetto and Vittorio Veneto. After the war, Belluschi studied at the University of Rome and he moved to the United States in 1923, despite speaking no English, and finished his education—as an exchange student on a scholarship—at Cornell University with a second degree in civil engineering. Instead of returning to Italy, he worked briefly as an engineer in Idaho earning $5 per day. He remained in the U. S. as friends in Italy had cautioned him to not return home because of the rise to power of Benito Mussolini, at Doyles office, Belluschi rose rapidly, soon becoming chief designer. After Doyle died in 1928, the firm took him into partnership in 1933, by 1943, Belluschi had assumed control of the firm by buying out all the other partners and was practicing under his own name. In 1951, Belluschi became Dean of the architecture and planning school at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, when he accepted the position of dean and moved to Massachusetts, he transferred his office in Portland to the architecture firm Skidmore, Owings and Merrill. The move reduced his income from $150,000 to a salary of $15,000. Belluschis churches and residences differed from his commercial works, Belluschi was elected a Fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1952. In 1953, he was elected into the National Academy of Design as an Associate member and he served as a presidential appointee on the U. S. Commission of Fine Arts from 1950 to 1955 and he was a Fellow in the American Institute of Architects, and was awarded the AIA Gold Medal, the highest award given by the institute, in 1972. He was awarded the National Medal of Arts by the National Endowment for the Arts in 1991 for his lifetime achievements, Belluschi was on the jury that selected the winning design for the Vietnam Veterans Memorial in Washington, D. C. After leaving MIT in 1965, he continued to work, Belluschi would design and consult on both buildings and issues surrounding urban planning. Pietro Belluschi was married first to Helen Hemmila on December 1,1934, after her death in 1962, he married in 1965 Marjorie or Margaret. Pietro Belluschi died in Portland on February 14,1994
Pietro Belluschi
–
Pietro Belluschi
Pietro Belluschi
–
Cathedral of Saint Mary of the Assumption in
San Francisco
Pietro Belluschi
–
Belluschi resided in the
Aloha Farmhouse from 1973 until his death in 1994.
Pietro Belluschi
–
Commonwealth Building in Portland.
42.
William S. Ladd
–
William Sargent Ladd was an American politician and businessman in Oregon. He twice served as Portland, Oregon’s mayor in the 1850s, a native of Vermont, he was a prominent figure in the early development of Portland, and co-founded the first bank in the state in 1859. Ladd also built the first brick building in Portland and was a noted philanthropist, part of his former estate, the Ladd Carriage House, is on the National Register of Historic Places. William Ladd was born to Nathaniel Gould Ladd and Abigail Kelley Mead on October 10,1826, in Holland, Nathaniel was of English heritage and received his education at Dartmouth College, becoming a physician, while Abigail was from New Hampshire. When William was seven years old, the moved to Sanborton Bridge, New Hampshire, where he was educated in the local public schools. During the summers, he worked and at age 15 his father got him a job on a farm, William later worked on the family’s 58-acre farm before at age 19 beginning to work as a teacher in area schools. His father had earned his way through school, but was enough to pay for William to attend college. However, William decided to pay for his own way in life and he then began working for the Boston, Concord & Montreal Railroad at a freight house in Sanborton Bridge. Ladd received several promotions and was briefly in charge of the freight department before being returned to Sanborton Bridge. Ladd left from New York City on February 27,1851, upon arriving in San Francisco and finding the San Francisco market was overstocked, he attempted to get Tilton to become partners in a venture to import goods to what was then the Oregon Territory. Tilton refused due to the risk involved, so Ladd traveled north to Oregon on his own, Ladd arrived in Portland, Oregon on April 8,1851, traveling on Pacific Mail Steamship Companys Columbia steamer. He came with a load of wine and liquor on consignment from Tilton. Immediately upon arriving, Ladd went into a bar owned by Colburn Barrell, who gave Ladd a free drink, Barrell recalled liking Ladd immediately, and immediately became one of Ladds best customers. The day after arriving in Portland, Ladd rented a store at 42 Front Street. At that time, Portland contained 6-8 saloons and retail liquor stores, one saloon had just received its first billiard table. Early May proved better for Ladd, selling a large amount of gin to Barrell, adding the local Skidmores California House hotel, Ladd began to branch out, adding eggs, chickens, and other local goods to his liquor store. He then earned $250 by selling goods from W. D. Gookin on consignment, adding shaving soap, tobacco, paper, farm tools, in August 1851, Ladds gross sales were $1000. In association with Gookin he continued in the business for several years
William S. Ladd
–
Ladd's house c. 1881
William S. Ladd
–
Ladd circa 1870
43.
Oregon State Treasurer
–
The Oregon State Treasurer is a constitutional officer within the executive branch of the government of the U. S. state of Oregon, elected by statewide vote to serve a four-year term. As chief financial officer for the state, the office holder heads the Oregon State Treasury, the current state treasurer is Tobias Read, who was elected in 2016. Finance Division - acts as the bank for all state agencies and is the largest financial institution in the state. Investment Division - manages the portfolio of investments for the states funds, debt Management Division - coordinates bonds issued by the state and its agencies, and monitors relevant markets and economic trends. Information Services Division - responsible for the Treasurys technological infrastructure, executive Division - develops economic policy through strategic planning, legislative initiatives, performs the departments administrative functions, and publishes all Treasury reports. Those who served as the Treasurer of the Provisional Government of Oregon prior to the creation of the Oregon Territory and those who served as the Treasurer of the Oregon Territory. The individuals who have served as treasurer since its admission to the Union are listed on the table below. Except where noted, treasurers were elected on a statewide ballot and served one or more full terms
Oregon State Treasurer
–
Great Seal of the State of Oregon
44.
KGW
–
KGW, VHF digital channel 8, is an NBC-affiliated television station located in Portland, Oregon, United States. The station is owned by Tegna, Inc, KGW maintains studios on Jefferson Street in southwestern Portland, and its transmitter is located in the citys Sylvan-Highlands section. KGW also served as the Portland bureau for co-owned regional news channel Northwest Cable News before it shut down on January 6,2017, the station was an extension of radio station KGW. The Oregonian newspaper created KGW-AM by purchasing an existing transmitter from the Shipowners Radio Service, the U. S. Department of Commerce licensed the station, and it began broadcasting on March 25,1922. Among the stations personalities was The Man of 1000 Voices, Mel Blanc. The stations studios and transmitter were located in The Oregonian Building until 1943, when a fire destroyed them and it later bought KOIN-AM and used it to start KOIN-TV. The Oregonian sold KGW-AM-FM to North Pacific Television, a consortium of Seattle businesswoman Dorothy Bullitt and five Portland businessmen, bullitts King Broadcasting Company, who also owned KING-AM-FM-TV in Seattle, was the largest shareholder in the venture, with a 40 percent stake. Bullitt eventually bought out her partners, and KGW-TV signed on the air on December 15,1956 on channel 8 as an ABC affiliate, on April 26,1959, it swapped affiliations with KPTV, becoming an NBC affiliate. The KGW-TV tower was a prominent victim of the Northwests historic, the station returned to the air on October 16 using a temporary tower, as well as an antenna on loan from KTNT-TV of Tacoma, Washington. A new antenna and tower were placed into service on January 28,1963, in January 1964, KGW began building a new broadcast center at 1501 SW Jefferson Street, which has served as its headquarters and main studios location ever since. The station moved into the new facility, from an old building located two blocks to the east, in 1965, the facilities in the spring and the television facilities in July 1965. Located at the west edge of downtown Portland, the building had approximately 54,000 sq ft of space. In 1992, King Broadcasting merged with The Providence Journal Company, only five years later, in 1997, KGW became part of the Belo Corporation when it bought The Providence Journal Company. KGW aired a Portland Trail Blazers game in high-definition on October 24,2007, on October 12,2011, KGW announced that unless a new contract agreement could be reached that it would drop the station from DirecTVs channel lineup. This contract dispute that involved DirecTV and Belo would also remove sister station KING-TV from DirecTV in the Seattle market, on November 1,2011, DirecTV reached an agreement with Belo to continue carrying KGW and KING on DirecTV. On June 13,2013, the Gannett Company announced that it would acquire Belo, the sale was completed on December 23. On June 29,2015, Gannetts publishing and digital operations were spun off, with the latter renamed Tegna. Shortly afterward, Sander Media filed with the FCC to transfer KGWs license to Tegnas King Broadcasting Company, on August 2,2010, KGW restored the 24-hour news and weather channel on 8.2 and moved Estrella TV programming to digital subchannel 8.3
KGW
–
KGW's main studios
KGW
–
Exterior of KGW's 2009-opened studio at
Pioneer Courthouse Square.
45.
Hoffman Construction Company
–
Hoffman Construction Company is a privately held construction firm based in Portland in the U. S. state of Oregon. Founded in 1922, it is the largest construction company in Oregon, Hoffman is also the largest private company in the Portland area. Lee Hoffman moved to Portland in the 1870s with his family and worked constructing bridges and other projects until his death, after his accidental death on July 21,1895, his wife Julia removed to Boston, Massachusetts, with their children, including Lee Hawley Hoffman. Lee Hawley entered Harvard College in 1902, but the family returned to Oregon partly in 1903, Lee Hawley graduated with a degree in architecture from Harvard in 1906, and the family returned to Portland that year, living in their home on NW 23rd Street. The Hoffmans still owned various real estate in Portland due to the success of Lee Hoffman’s earlier construction businesses, Lee Hawley began working for Morris H. Whitehouse’s architectural firm in 1908, with the firm later also consisting of Edgar M. Lazarus and J. André Fouilhoux. Hoffman then married Caroline Couch Burns on June 9,1910, over time, Hoffman began to focus more on projects for Wauna Land Company and less on his architectural work, leaving the firm by 1917. He started working as a contractor in 1919, and by the end of 1921 had the firm of Hoffman & Rasmussen, the current company was founded in 1922 by Hoffman. The company started out building primarily apartment buildings and industrial structures in Portland, One of the company’s first prominent projects was building the Terminal Sales Building in 1926. The next year Hoffman completed the Public Services Building, which was the tallest building in the city upon completion and that year they also built the new Heathman Hotel, the Portland Theater, and an office building all on the same block on Broadway in downtown Portland. In 1928, Hoffman constructed the 12-story Buyer’s Building in just over six months, Hoffman expand to Seattle in 1929 with the construction of a 12-story apartment building at 1223 Spring Street. The firm also built Cushman Dam No.2 that year near Shelton, Washington, for Tacoma Power, after the onset of the Great Depression, projects for the firm mostly dried up. Hoffman went from 32 contracts in 1929 to just ten in 1932, the last big project was a joint venture on expanding the Meier & Frank Building in Portland in 1930, with the next large project not coming until ten years later. In 1932, the firm moved its offices into the Ladd Carriage House, during the Depression, much of the company’s work shifted to government contracts, such as post offices in Oregon, Washington, and Idaho. Those included large ones in Salem, Longview, and Marshfield, Hoffman also built the Portland Art Museum in 1931 and its 1938 expansion, as well as a new library at Willamette University in Salem. They also built the hospital at the Cushman Indian School in Tacoma, Washington, in 1941. In all, Hoffman did $49 million in work for the government during World War II, including work at Camp Abbot, Camp Adair, Umatilla Army Depot. Other wartime construction included a rolling mill near Spokane, McCaw General Hospital in Walla Walla. After the war, the firm began a relationship with Crown Zellerbach Corporation in which Hoffman remodeled Crown’s pulp and paper mills in West Linn
Hoffman Construction Company
–
Matthew Knight Arena built by Hoffman Construction
Hoffman Construction Company
–
Oregon State Library in Salem
Hoffman Construction Company
–
Standard Insurance Center in Portland, Oregon
Hoffman Construction Company
–
One Union Square in Seattle, Washington
46.
First National Bank (Portland, Oregon)
–
The First National Bank Building is a building located in downtown Portland, Oregon, listed on the National Register of Historic Places. W. The building was dubbed the marble temple, the banks design bred confidence and was a symbol of security. Fifth and Stark, the building was the headquarters of the First National Bank in Portland starting in 1916. First National then sold its two buildings along Stark Street, with the 1916 landmark being sold to the Oregon Pioneer Savings & Loan Association, the building was saved from destruction and given an historical landmark designation by the city. It became Oregon Pioneers new headquarters, National Register of Historic Places listings in Southwest Portland, Oregon Yule marble Paul Hartwig and D. W. Powers III. National Register of Historic Places Inventory/Nomination, First National Bank,1970 photograph, when First National Bank name was still showing on façade
First National Bank (Portland, Oregon)
–
First National Bank
47.
Bank of America
–
Bank of America is a multinational banking and financial services corporation headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina. It is ranked 2nd on the list of largest banks in the United States by assets, as of 2016, Bank of America was the 26th largest company in the United States by total revenue. In 2016, it was ranked #11 on the Forbes Magazine Global 2000 list of largest companies in the world and its acquisition of Merrill Lynch in 2008 made it the worlds largest wealth management corporation and a major player in the investment banking market. As of December 31,2016, it had US$886.148 billion in assets under management, as of December 31,2016, the company held 10. 73% of all bank deposits in the United States. It is one of the Big Four banks in the United States, along with Citigroup, JPMorgan Chase, Bank of America operates—but does not necessarily maintain retail branches—in all 50 states of the United States, the District of Columbia and more than 40 other countries. It has a retail banking footprint that serves approximately 46 million consumer, Bank of America provides its products and services through 4,600 retail financial centers, approximately 15,900 automated teller machines, call centers, and online and mobile banking platforms. The history of Bank of America dates back to October 17,1904, Giannini was raised by his mother and stepfather Lorenzo Scatena, as his father was fatally shot over a pay dispute with an employee. When the 1906 San Francisco earthquake struck, Giannini was able to all deposits out of the bank building. Because San Franciscos banks were in smoldering ruins and unable to open their vaults, from a makeshift desk consisting of a few planks over two barrels, he lent money to those who wished to rebuild. In 1922, Giannini established Bank of America and Italy, in 1918 another corporation, Bancitaly Corporation, was organized by A. P. Giannini, the largest stockholder of which was Stockholders Auxiliary Corporation. Monnette and consolidated it with other holdings to create what would become the largest banking institution in the country. Bank of Italy was renamed on November 3,1930 to Bank of America National Trust and Savings Association, Giannini and Monnette headed the resulting company, serving as co-chairs. Branch banking was introduced by Giannini shortly after 1909 legislation in California that allowed for branch banking in the state and its first branch outside San Francisco was established in 1909 in San Jose. By 1929, the bank had 453 banking offices in California with aggregate resources of over US$1.4 billion. There is a replica of the 1909 Bank of Italy branch bank in History Park in San Jose, and the 1925 Bank of Italy Building is an important downtown landmark. Giannini sought to build a bank, expanding into most of the western states as well as into the insurance industry, under the aegis of his holding company. In 1953, regulators succeeded in forcing the separation of Transamerica Corporation, the passage of the Bank Holding Company Act of 1956 prohibited banks from owning non-banking subsidiaries such as insurance companies. Bank of America and Transamerica were separated, with the company continuing in the insurance business
Bank of America
–
The
Bank of America Tower in New York City.
Bank of America
–
Pyramid-shaped Bank of America building towers over
Interstate 410 in
San Antonio,
Texas.
Bank of America
–
Typical Bank of America local office in Los Angeles
Bank of America
–
Bank of America branch in Washington, D.C.
48.
KUFO (AM)
–
KUFO is a commercial AM radio station owned by Alpha Media and licensed to Portland, Oregon. The station, owned by Alpha Media calls itself Freedom 970, since June 2008, it has featured a talk radio format. KUFOs offices and studios are on Southwest 5th Avenue in Portland and its transmitter is in Portlands west hills. KUFO broadcasts with 5000 watts around the clock, by day, the signal is non-directional but at night, KUFO uses a directional signal to protect other stations on 970 kHz. KUFO features mostly nationally syndicated talk shows, weekday mornings start at 6 a. m. with Kilmeade & Friends with Fox News Channel host Brian Kilmeade. Laura Ingraham airs, followed by Sean Hannity at noon, at 3 p. m. its Mark Levin followed by Dana Loesch at 6 p. m. Weekends feature shows on money, the outdoors, real estate, syndicated shows include Science Fantastic with Dr. Michio Kaku and Beyond the Beltway with Bruce DuMont. Some weekend shows are paid brokered programming, the station also airs Portland State Vikings college football and basketball games and Portland Steel Arena Football League games. Hourly national news is supplied by Fox News Radio, KUFO is among Portlands oldest radio stations, first signing on the air on October 18,1925 as KQP, then changing calls to KOIN in 1926. In March 1941, KOIN aired a middle-of-the-road format, on May 12,1977 the call letters changed to KYTE featuring a Top 40 hits format until September 4,1979, when it switched to country music. This turned out to be short-lived, in 1990, the station changed call letters to KESI and aired a mostly instrumental easy listening format branded as Easy 970. On May 1,1991, the station changed call letters to KBBT,18 days later, the format was changed to an Alternative rock format known as 970 The Beat. In July 1996, KBBT began simulcasting on KDBX107.5 FM, on October 2,1996, The Beat was moved to FM, while 970 changed call letters to KUPL, and switched to classic country. KUPL switched to oldies on January 23,2001, on August 1,2001, KUPL changed call letters to KUFO, and on August 7th, switched to a new Hot talk format, branded as Extreme Talk 970. Hosts featured on Extreme Radio include Bob Rivers, Don & Mike, Opie & Anthony, The Sports Junkies, on October 11,2002, after a brief simulcast with rock-formatted KUFO-FM,970 changed its call letters back to KUPL and switched to classic country. AM970 continued as KUPL until February 2,2005, when it became KCMD, at the same time, the station was renamed to Johnson 970. Within months, Johnson 970 became “AM970 Solid State Radio”, on June 23,2008, KCMDs slogan changed from Solid State Radio to The Talker. On March 12,2009, The Rick Emerson Show moved to KCMDs sister station KUFO-FM to replace the canceled The Adam Carolla Show, in August 2009, CBS Radio sold its Portland cluster to Alpha Broadcasting in an effort to focus on major market stations
KUFO (AM)
–
KCMD branding
49.
KXL-FM
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KXL-FM is an American commercial radio station broadcasting a news/talk format and is licensed to Portland, Oregon, United States. The station is owned by Alpha Media. Its studios are located in downtown Portland, and its transmitter is in Portlands west hills and it is the flagship station for The Lars Larson Show and Ground Zero with Clyde Lewis. The station signed on the air as KOIN-FM on September 12,1948, simulcasting KOIN-AM, the four-hour-long KOIN Concert Hall was broadcast evenings from 6 to 10 PM, hosted first by Blaine Hanks, then Don Gay. In May 1977, the changed their call letters to KYTE-FM. On January 5,1979, KYTE-FM changed their format to country, on September 4,1979, KLLB changed format to top 40 rock, then changed format to oldies a year later. On November 8,1982, KLLB switched to a rock format, in January 1983. On January 3,1985, KRCK changed their format to classical, and on February 18,1985, on January 31,1989, the station changed its call letters to KKCY and aired a contemporary jazz format, branded as The City. On December 29,1989, at 5 PM, after a few days of stunting, KKCY changed to a rock format and on January 23,1990, the call letters were changed to KUFO. In August 2009, CBS Radio sold the Portland cluster to Alpha Broadcasting in an effort to more on major market stations. On October 24,2009, KUFO began stunting with a mothership refueling countdown to end at 7 a. m. on October 28 when it re-launched, the actual musical content of KUFO was the same as it was prior to the re-launch, only the personalities changed. On September 16,2010, the call sign reverted to simply KUFO, at 8,47 AM on March 15,2011, KUFOs format was flipped to a simulcast of KXL, which broadcasts news and talk shows. On March 22,2011 the station changed its call sign to KXL-FM and it now uses the on air slogan FM News 101 KXL. This is the second FM station in Portlands radio history to use the name KXL-FM, on May 25,2011, at 4 PM, KXL-FM ended its simulcast with KXL750 AM, which flipped to sports as KXTG,750 The Game. On May 6,2013 KXL announced it had dropped Fox News Radio as an affiliate and picked up CBS Radio News as its preferred news source
KXL-FM
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KUFO logo used from 1989–2011
KXL-FM
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KXL-FM's logo used during AM/FM simulcast in 2011
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