The Slave Market is an 1866 painting by the French artist Jean-Léon Gérôme. It depicts a Middle Eastern or North African setting where a man inspects the teeth of a nude, female Caucasian slave in the context of the Barbary slave trade.

Jean-Léon Gérôme was a French painter and sculptor in the style now known as academicism. His paintings were so widely reproduced that he was "arguably the world's most famous living artist by 1880." His range of his works includes historical paintings, Greek mythology, Orientalism, portraits, and other subjects. He is considered one of the most important painters from this academic period. He was also a teacher with a long list of students.