1.
Album
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Album, is a collection of audio recordings issued as a single item on CD, record, audio tape, or another medium. Albums of recorded music were developed in the early 20th century, first as books of individual 78rpm records, vinyl LPs are still issued, though in the 21st century album sales have mostly focused on compact disc and MP3 formats. The audio cassette was a format used from the late 1970s through to the 1990s alongside vinyl, an album may be recorded in a recording studio, in a concert venue, at home, in the field, or a mix of places. Recording may take a few hours to years to complete, usually in several takes with different parts recorded separately. Recordings that are done in one take without overdubbing are termed live, the majority of studio recordings contain an abundance of editing, sound effects, voice adjustments, etc. With modern recording technology, musicians can be recorded in separate rooms or at times while listening to the other parts using headphones. Album covers and liner notes are used, and sometimes additional information is provided, such as analysis of the recording, historically, the term album was applied to a collection of various items housed in a book format. In musical usage the word was used for collections of pieces of printed music from the early nineteenth century. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, the LP record, or 33 1⁄3 rpm microgroove vinyl record, is a gramophone record format introduced by Columbia Records in 1948. It was adopted by the industry as a standard format for the album. Apart from relatively minor refinements and the important later addition of stereophonic sound capability, the term album had been carried forward from the early nineteenth century when it had been used for collections of short pieces of music. Later, collections of related 78rpm records were bundled in book-like albums, as part of a trend of shifting sales in the music industry, some commenters have declared that the early 21st century experienced the death of the album. Sometimes shorter albums are referred to as mini-albums or EPs, Albums such as Tubular Bells, Amarok, Hergest Ridge by Mike Oldfield, and Yess Close to the Edge, include fewer than four tracks. There are no rules against artists such as Pinhead Gunpowder referring to their own releases under thirty minutes as albums. These are known as box sets, material is stored on an album in sections termed tracks, normally 11 or 12 tracks. A music track is a song or instrumental recording. The term is associated with popular music where separate tracks are known as album tracks. When vinyl records were the medium for audio recordings a track could be identified visually from the grooves
2.
The Stone Roses
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The Stone Roses are an English rock band, formed in Manchester in 1983. They were one of the groups of the Madchester movement that was active during the late 1980s. The bands most prominent lineup consists of vocalist Ian Brown, guitarist John Squire, bassist Mani, the band released their debut album, The Stone Roses, in 1989. The album was a success for the band and garnered critical acclaim. At this time the group decided to capitalise on their success by signing to a major label. Their current record label, Silvertone, would not let out of their contract. The Stone Roses then released their album, Second Coming. The group soon disbanded after several changes throughout the supporting tour. Brown and Mani dissolved the remains of the group in October 1996 following their appearance at Reading Festival, plans to record a third album in the future were also floated. In June 2012, Chris Coghill, the writer of the new film which is set during the Stone Roses 1990 Spike Island show, in June 2013, a documentary about the bands reformation directed by Shane Meadows and titled The Stone Roses, Made of Stone was released. In 2016 they released their first new material in two decades and they played several gigs in 1980 and recorded a demo tape, but towards the end of that year decided on a change of direction. The band members lost enthusiasm in 1981, Brown selling his bass guitar to buy a scooter, Squire continued to practise guitar while working as an animator for Cosgrove Hall during the day, while Brown ran a Northern soul night in a Salford club. Goodwin left before the recorded their first demo and, shortly after the demo. A meeting with Geno Washington at a party at Browns flat in Hulme, in which Washington told Brown that he would be a star and should be a singer, Brown joined The Waterfront in late 1983, for a time sharing vocals with Kaiser. Like the earlier attempts at bands, The Waterfront fizzled out, but in late 1983 Couzens decided to try again at starting a band and they decided on Wolstencroft as drummer and Pete Garner as bassist. They also decided that they needed Squire in the band, leaving their previous bands behind, they worked solely on new material. Browns vocal limitations prompted him to singing lessons for three weeks. After rehearsing for some time without a name, Squire came up with The Stone Roses
3.
Konk (recording studio)
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Konk is the name of a recording studio and record label, established and managed by members of British rock group the Kinks. In 1971, the Kinks left Pye Records for a stint with RCA. Ray and Dave Davies put this and money from recent hits like Lola towards a new studio of their own in Hornsey, in the past few years the group had mainly been recording at Morgan Studios, in Willesden, London. Albums recorded there included Lola versus Powerman and the Moneygoround, Part One, Percy, Muswell Hillbillies, the Kinks began recording full-time at the studio in about 1973. The group recorded the massive Preservation, Acts 1 &2 project at Konk and it received a considerable amount of attention recently when English Indie rock group the Kooks recorded an album there, entitled Konk, which topped the UK albums chart in April 2008. In 1991 the studios were used to record tracks for Rumor and Sigh, in July 2010, Ray Davies put the studio up for sale as a redevelopment property, presumably to be demolished. In June 2011 Davies announced a delay in the sale saying It was up for sale, since 2011, Konk has also hosted artist showings. In 2012, the Fall recorded tracks for its album Re-Mit at Konk Studios, Konk the label was most prolific for a few years in the late seventies. It released a handful of unsuccessful 45s and LPs before it ceased in about 1976, artists in the roster included a young Claire Hamill and Café Society. Ray Davies secured the fledgling label a licensing deal with ABC Records, Davies later commented in a 1983 interview, - Ray Davies, Time Out,17 December 1982 The label continued to release records off and on in the next few decades. Kinks re-releases are sometimes under the Konk name, although the distribution is handled by Sony Musics Legacy Recordings, the Kinks fell back to their old label when Columbia Records dropped them in 1994, releasing their last record together, To the Bone. To the Bone was recorded at Konk studios in front of an invited audience. The main room of Konk is the Neve Room, which was featured in the Kinks 1983 State of Confusion music video, the other important room at Konk is the SSL room, opened in the early 1980s, used mainly for mixing and editing tracks. Over time many artists have recorded at the studio, some of these include the Stone Roses, the Kooks, Blur, Franz Ferdinand, Elvis Costello, Steve Winwood, and the Bee Gees. Bombay Bicycle Club recorded their album I Had the Blues But I Shook Them Loose at the studio
4.
Rockfield Studios
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Rockfield Studios is a recording studio just outside the village of Rockfield, Monmouthshire near Monmouth in Wales. RecordProduction. com called the one of the top five studios anywhere in the world. The studios were founded by brothers Kingsley and Charles Ward in 1963, in 1965, they became the worlds first-ever residential studio, set up so that bands could come and stay in the peaceful rural surroundings to record. They have two studios, the Coach House and the Quadrangle which are set up for digital and analogue recordings. The first big hit recorded in the studios was Dave Edmunds I Hear You Knocking in 1970. in 1974, in August 1975, Queen returned to Rockfield to begin recording the album A Night At The Opera, including Bohemian Rhapsody. Motörhead made their first recordings at the studios in 1975 and were, briefly, during a 12-month period in 1996-97, Rockfield sessions resulted in five UK Number One albums, by Oasis, Black Grape, The Charlatans and the Boo Radleys. The Coach House studio was constructed in 1968 and is based around vintage microphone amp, the main recording console is a NEVE8128 inline desk with outboard including Neve 1060 mic. amps, Rosser mic. amps, API550 eqs and Urei 1176 compressors. This live area was designed for band recordings with an emphasis on separation. It consists of the recording area with a Yamaha grand piano,1 stone drum room. Artists who have recorded in the Coach House include Oasis, Bullet for My Valentine, Sepultura, Jayce Lewis, Simple Minds, the Quadrangle studio was constructed in 1973 and is most famous for the recording of Queens Bohemian Rhapsody. The main recording console is a MCI500 series inline desk with outboard including Neve 1061 mic. amps, Rosser mic. amps, API550 eqs and this live area of the quadrangle studio was specially designed to record live bands. This consists of the recording area with its Bösendorfer grand piano,2 large variable acoustic drum rooms and 3 isolation booths along with its 6m x 7m central control room. Artists who have recorded in the Quadrangle include the Manic Street Preachers, Robert Plant, media related to Rockfield Studios at Wikimedia Commons Rockfield Studios. - Official website Laid in Wales, - Feature article on Resolution Magazine
5.
Monmouthshire
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Monmouthshire is a county in south east Wales. The name derives from the county of Monmouthshire of which it covers the eastern 60%. Other towns and large villages are Caldicot, Chepstow, Monmouth, Magor, the Laws in Wales Act 1542 again enumerated the counties of Wales and omitted Monmouthshire, implying that the county was no longer to be treated as part of Wales. However, for all purposes Wales had become part of the Kingdom of England, for several centuries, acts of the Parliament of England often referred to Wales and Monmouthshire. The use of the name Monmouthshire rather than Monmouth for the area was controversial, being supported by the MP for Monmouth, Roger Evans, by area it covers some 60% of the historic county, but only 20% of the population. A new council building at the site of Coleg Gwent. Planning permission was granted in September 2011, the new county hall in Usk was opened in 2013. co. uk BBC Wales on Monmouthshire Genuki National Gazetteer of 1868
6.
Madchester
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The rave-influenced scene is widely seen as heavily influenced by drugs, especially ecstasy. At that time, the Haçienda nightclub, co-owned by members of New Order, was a major catalyst for the distinctive musical ethos in the city that was called the Second Summer of Love. The music scene in Manchester immediately before the Madchester era had been dominated by The Smiths, New Order and these bands were to become a significant influence on the Madchester scene. The opening of the Haçienda nightclub, an initiative of Factory Records and it had DJs such as Hewan Clarke and Greg Wilson and switched focus from being a live venue to being a dance club by 1986. In 1987 the Hacienda started playing music with DJs Mike Pickering, Graeme Park. The Festival of the Tenth Summer in July 1986, organised by Factory Records, according to Dave Haslam, the festival demonstrated that the city had become synonymous with. Larger-than-life characters playing cutting edge music, individuals were inspired and the city was energised, of its own accord, uncontrolled. The Haçienda went from making a consistent loss to consistently selling out by early 1987, during 1987, it hosted performances by American house artists including Frankie Knuckles and Adonis. Another key factor in the build-up to Madchester was the availability of the drug ecstasy in the city, beginning in 1987. According to Dave Haslam, Ecstasy use changed clubs forever, a night at the Haçienda went from being a night out, to an intense. By the late 1980s, the British music was symbolised by a robust sound such as a Duran Duran and Spandau Ballet, the Guardian stated that The 80s looked destined to end in musical ignominy. The Madchester movement burgeoned, its sound was new and refreshing, music by artists such as the Stone Roses and Happy Mondays began to chart highly in 1989 with New Order releasing the acid house influenced Technique, which topped the UK album charts. Although the Madchester scene cannot really be said to have started before 1988, many of its most significant bands and artists were around on the local scene long before then. The Stone Roses were formed in 1984 by singer Ian Brown and guitarist John Squire, who had grown up on the street in Timperley. They had been in bands together since 1980, but the Stone Roses were the first to release a record, So Young, the line-up was completed by Alan Reni Wren on drums and, from 1987, Gary Mani Mounfield on bass. The Happy Mondays were formed in Salford in 1980, the members between then and the break-up of the band in 1992 were Shaun Ryder, his brother Paul, Mark Bez Berry, Paul Davis, Mark Day and Gary Whelan. They were signed to Factory Records, supposedly after Haçienda DJ Mike Pickering saw them at a Battle of the Bands contest in which came last. The Inspiral Carpets were formed in Oldham in 1986, the line-up was Clint Boon, Stephen Holt, Graham Lambert, Martyn Walsh and Craig Gill
7.
Neo-psychedelia
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Neo-psychedelia is a diverse style of music that originated in the 1970s as an outgrowth of the British post-punk scene. Its practitioners drew from the sounds of 1960s psychedelic music. After post-punk, neo-psychedelia flourished into a widespread and international movement of artists who applied the spirit of psychedelic rock to new sounds. Neo-psychedelia may also include forays into pop, jangly guitar rock, heavily distorted free-form jams. A wave of British alternative rock in the early 1990s spawned the subgenres dream pop, neo-psychedelic acts borrowed a variety of elements from 1960s psychedelic music. Some emulated the psychedelic pop of bands like the Beatles and early Pink Floyd, others adopted Byrds-influenced guitar rock, or distorted free-form jams and sonic experimentalism of the 1960s. Some neo-psychedelia has been focused on drug use and experiences, and like acid house of the same age, projects transitory, ephemeral. Other bands have used neo-psychedelia to accompany surreal or political lyrics, in the view of author Erik Morse, The distinctions between British and American neo-psychedelia were best described as the differences between primitivism and primalism. Psychedelic rock declined towards the end of the 1960s, as bands broke up or moved into new forms of music, including heavy metal music, like the psychedelic developments of the late 1960s, punk rock and new wave in the 1970s challenged the rock music establishment. At the time, new wave was a term used interchangeably with the nascent punk rock explosion, in 1978, journalist Greg Shaw categorized a subset of new wave music as neo-psychedelia, citing Devo, to an extent. The new darling of the new press and opion-makers, yet nothing about it is remotely punk. Shaw wrote that in England, neo-psychedelia was known as punk, noting self-advertised psychedelic punk band. By 1978–79, new wave was considered independent from punk and post-punk, author Clinton Heylin marks the second half of year 1977 and the first half of year 1978 as the true starting-point for English post-punk. Some of the bands, including the Soft Boys, the Teardrop Explodes. The early 1980s Paisley Underground movement followed neo-psychedelia, originating in Los Angeles, the movement saw a number of young bands who were influenced by the psychedelia of the late 1960s and all took different elements of it. The term Paisley Underground was later expanded to others from outside the city. The late 1980s would see the birth of shoegazing, which, among other influences, reynolds referred to this movement as a rash of blurry, neo-psychedelic bands in a 1992 article in The Observer. With loud walls of sound, where individual instruments and even vocals were often indistinguishable, major shoegaze acts included Ride, Lush, Chapterhouse, and The Boo Radleys, who enjoyed considerable attention in the UK but largely failed to break through in the US
8.
Alternative rock
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Alternative rock is a genre of rock music that emerged from the independent music underground of the 1980s and became widely popular in the 1990s and 2000s. In this instance, the word refers to the genres distinction from mainstream rock music. The terms original meaning was broader, referring to a generation of musicians unified by their debt to either the musical style or simply the independent. Ethos of punk rock, which in the late 1970s laid the groundwork for alternative music, Alternative rock is a broad umbrella term consisting of music that differs greatly in terms of its sound, its social context, and its regional roots. Most of these subgenres had achieved minor mainstream notice and a few bands representing them, such as Hüsker Dü, with the breakthrough of Nirvana and the popularity of the grunge and Britpop movements in the 1990s, alternative rock entered the musical mainstream and many alternative bands became successful. By the end of the decade, alternative rocks mainstream prominence declined due to a number of events that caused grunge and Britpop to fade, emo attracted attention in the larger alternative rock world, and the term was applied to a variety of artists, including multi-platinum acts. Post-punk revival artists such as Modest Mouse and The Killers had commercial success in the early, before the term alternative rock came into common usage around 1990, the sort of music to which it refers was known by a variety of terms. In 1979, Terry Tolkin used the term Alternative Music to describe the groups he was writing about, in 1979 Dallas radio station KZEW had a late night new wave show entitled Rock and Roll Alternative. College rock was used in the United States to describe the music during the 1980s due to its links to the radio circuit. In the United Kingdom, dozens of small do it yourself record labels emerged as a result of the punk subculture, according to the founder of one of these labels, Cherry Red, NME and Sounds magazines published charts based on small record stores called Alternative Charts. The first national chart based on distribution called the Indie Chart was published in January 1980, at the time, the term indie was used literally to describe independently distributed records. By 1985, indie had come to mean a particular genre, or group of subgenres, at first the term referred to intentionally non–mainstream rock acts that were not influenced by heavy metal ballads, rarefied new wave and high-energy dance anthems. The use of alternative gained further exposure due to the success of Lollapalooza, for which festival founder, in the late 1990s, the definition again became more specific. Defining music as alternative is often difficult because of two conflicting applications of the word, the name alternative rock essentially serves as an umbrella term for underground music that has emerged in the wake of punk rock since the mid-1980s. Alternative bands during the 1980s generally played in clubs, recorded for indie labels. Sounds range from the gloomy soundscapes of gothic rock to the guitars of indie pop to the dirty guitars of grunge to the 1960s/1970s revivalism of Britpop. This approach to lyrics developed as a reflection of the social and economic strains in the United States and United Kingdom of the 1980s, by 1984, a majority of groups signed to independent record labels mined from a variety of rock and particularly 1960s rock influences. This represented a break from the futuristic, hyper-rational post-punk years
9.
Record producer
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A record producer or music producer oversees and manages the sound recording and production of a band or performers music, which may range from recording one song to recording a lengthy concept album. A producer has many roles during the recording process, the roles of a producer vary. The producer may perform these roles himself, or help select the engineer, the producer may also pay session musicians and engineers and ensure that the entire project is completed within the record companies budget. A record producer or music producer has a broad role in overseeing and managing the recording. Producers also often take on an entrepreneurial role, with responsibility for the budget, schedules, contracts. In the 2010s, the industry has two kinds of producers with different roles, executive producer and music producer. Executive producers oversee project finances while music producers oversee the process of recording songs or albums. In most cases the producer is also a competent arranger, composer. The producer will also liaise with the engineer who concentrates on the technical aspects of recording. Noted producer Phil Ek described his role as the person who creatively guides or directs the process of making a record, indeed, in Bollywood music, the designation actually is music director. The music producers job is to create, shape, and mold a piece of music, at the beginning of record industry, producer role was technically limited to record, in one shot, artists performing live. The role of producers changed progressively over the 1950s and 1960s due to technological developments, the development of multitrack recording caused a major change in the recording process. Before multitracking, all the elements of a song had to be performed simultaneously, all of these singers and musicians had to be assembled in a large studio and the performance had to be recorded. As well, for a song that used 20 instruments, it was no longer necessary to get all the players in the studio at the same time. Examples include the rock sound effects of the 1960s, e. g. playing back the sound of recorded instruments backwards or clanging the tape to produce unique sound effects. These new instruments were electric or electronic, and thus they used instrument amplifiers, new technologies like multitracking changed the goal of recording, A producer could blend together multiple takes and edit together different sections to create the desired sound. For example, in jazz fusion Bandleader-composer Miles Davis album Bitches Brew, producers like Phil Spector and George Martin were soon creating recordings that were, in practical terms, almost impossible to realise in live performance. Producers became creative figures in the studio, other examples of such engineers includes Joe Meek, Teo Macero, Brian Wilson, and Biddu
10.
Peter Hook
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Peter Hook is an English singer, songwriter, composer, multi-instrumentalist and record producer. He is best known as the bassist and co-founder of English rock bands Joy Division, Hook formed the band which was to become Joy Division with Bernard Sumner in 1976. Following the death of lead singer Ian Curtis in 1980, the band reformed as New Order, Hook has recorded one album with Revenge, two albums with Monaco and one album with Freebass, serving as bassist, keyboardist and lead vocalist. He is currently the singer and bassist for Peter Hook. He was born Peter Woodhead on 13 February 1956, in Broughton, Salford, England, to Irene Acton, when he was three years old, in 1959, his parents divorced. He and his brothers were brought up by his maternal grandmother Alicia Acton until 1962, like his band-mate Bernard Sumner, he took his stepfathers surname, although in contrast to his friend he kept it, even creating his nickname, Hooky, from it. Because of his stepfathers work, he spent part of his childhood in Jamaica before returning to Salford, in 1984, Hook recorded the single Telstar with the band Ad Infinitum, which was composed of him and members of the Stockholm Monsters. In the late 1980s, Hook also worked as a producer for such as Inspiral Carpets. In 2003 he contributed bass to a number of tracks on Hybrids album Morning Sci-Fi, Hook also co-owned the Suite Sixteen recording studio formerly Cargo Studios which Hook purchased with Chris Hewitt in 1984. Cargo and Suite Sixteen in Kenion Street, Rochdale were major studios in the history of punk, New Order have broken up more than once, and Hook has been involved with other projects. In 1995 he toured with the Durutti Column and he has recorded one album with the band Revenge and two with Monaco with David Potts, the latter of which scored a club and alternative radio hit What Do You Want From Me. in 1997. He then played and recorded an album, Its a Beautiful Life, with a new band project called Freebass with bass players Mani. He also contributed to Perry Farrells Satellite Party and his bass can be heard on Wish Upon a Dogstar and Kinky. Inspired by Clint Boon of Inspiral Carpets, he started with the Return to New York nights in London, in November 2008 Hook performed a selection of Joy Division and New Order songs in Paris, Brussels, Oss and Krefeld with Section 25. Hook is featured on Dirty Thirty and Blunts & Robots, two tracks off of the Crystal Methods 2009 album Divided by Night, Hook recently compiled The Hacienda Acid House Classics following on from his original mix of The Hacienda Classics in 2006. In October 2009, Hook published his book on his time as co-owner of the Hacienda, Hook then opened a new club and live venue in Manchester, FAC251 – The Factory, in February 2010 singing lead vocals with his band, the Light. The club is situated in the old offices of Factory Records in Manchester city centre. On 18 May 2010, the 30th anniversary of Ian Curtis death, in 2010, Hook also recorded and released two EPs on American indie record label 24 Hour Service Station as Man Ray with production partner and Freebass keyboardist Phil Murphy
11.
Turns into Stone
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Turns Into Stone is a compilation album by English rock band The Stone Roses, released in 1992. It consists of singles and B-sides that did not feature on their self-titled debut album. The compilation reached number 32 on the UK album chart, the albums release was surrounded by controversy, as the Roses were in the middle of a legal battle with their then-record label, Silvertone. The title of the album is taken from the lines of One Love
12.
Single (music)
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In music, a single or record single is a type of release, typically a song recording of fewer tracks than an LP record, an album or an EP record. This can be released for sale to the public in a variety of different formats, in most cases, a single is a song that is released separately from an album, although it usually also appears on an album. Typically, these are the songs from albums that are released separately for promotional uses such as digital download or commercial radio airplay and are expected to be the most popular, in other cases a recording released as a single may not appear on an album. As digital downloading and audio streaming have become prevalent, it is often possible for every track on an album to also be available separately. Nevertheless, the concept of a single for an album has been retained as an identification of a heavily promoted or more popular song within an album collection. Despite being referred to as a single, singles can include up to as many as three tracks on them. The biggest digital music distributor, iTunes, accepts as many as three tracks less than ten minutes each as a single, as well as popular music player Spotify also following in this trend. Any more than three tracks on a release or longer than thirty minutes in total running time is either an Extended Play or if over six tracks long. The basic specifications of the single were made in the late 19th century. Gramophone discs were manufactured with a range of speeds and in several sizes. By about 1910, however, the 10-inch,78 rpm shellac disc had become the most commonly used format, the inherent technical limitations of the gramophone disc defined the standard format for commercial recordings in the early 20th century.26 rpm. With these factors applied to the 10-inch format, songwriters and performers increasingly tailored their output to fit the new medium, the breakthrough came with Bob Dylans Like a Rolling Stone. Singles have been issued in various formats, including 7-inch, 10-inch, other, less common, formats include singles on digital compact cassette, DVD, and LD, as well as many non-standard sizes of vinyl disc. Some artist release singles on records, a more common in musical subcultures. The most common form of the single is the 45 or 7-inch. The names are derived from its speed,45 rpm. The 7-inch 45 rpm record was released 31 March 1949 by RCA Victor as a smaller, more durable, the first 45 rpm records were monaural, with recordings on both sides of the disc. As stereo recordings became popular in the 1960s, almost all 45 rpm records were produced in stereo by the early 1970s
13.
Elephant Stone
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Elephant Stone is a song by the English rock band the Stone Roses. It was the single released by the group and their first release on Silvertone Records. Originally released in October 1988, it showcases the growing confidence. The song was written by singer Ian Brown and guitarist John Squire, the single was produced by New Order bassist Peter Hook in his own studio. It was initially scheduled for release on Rough Trade Records and remixed by John Leckie following a deal with Silvertone Records, on its original release it failed to make the chart, but reached #8 on re-release in March 1990. The B-side Full Fathom Five is essentially a single mix of Elephant Stone played in reverse. John Squire on the meaning of Elephant Stone, What is about. Squire also said about Elephant Stone, Its about a girl, although released as a non-album single, the track did appear on the US release of the bands debut album The Stone Roses and also on some post 1989 reissued UK editions of the album. It has also appeared on the compilation albums Turns into Stone, The Complete Stone Roses and The Very Best of The Stone Roses
14.
Made of Stone
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Made of Stone is a single from The Stone Roses eponymous debut album. The band made their début on national British TV by performing this song on the BBCs The Late Show in September 1989, a minute into the song, the power went out, prompting lead singer Ian Brown to walk off stage, cursing the venue. The song has seen use in the 1997 American film, Heaven or Vegas, the song references Jackson Pollocks No. 5,1948 in the B-side Going Down, Pollocks paintings influenced the cover art that guitarist John Squire made for the single and the album. The 12 vinyls B-side Guernica is Made of Stone in reverse and with dubbed-over, unrelated lyrics
15.
She Bangs the Drums
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She Bangs the Drums is a song by the English rock band the Stone Roses. The song was released as the single from their eponymous debut album. It was released in the UK, Japan, and Germany, the single was their first Top 40 hit, peaking at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart in July 1989. A reissue in March 1990 improved by two places, the single used a noticeably different mix of She Bangs the Drums to the album version. The hi-hat intro was omitted and it featured a heavier guitar sound. This single version is the one most commonly used for compilations, the CD and cassette singles were noted for their strong selection of B-sides, Standing Here, Mersey Paradise, and the backward playing track Simone. The song was written by Ian Brown and John Squire, with Brown writing the verse lyrics, in May 2007, NME magazine placed She Bangs the Drums at number 12 in its list of the 50 Greatest Indie Anthems Ever. The track was featured as number 26 on PopMatters The 100 Greatest Alternative Singles of the 80s list. Two music videos were produced for She Bangs the Drums, the first video showed the band recording in a studio in January 1989. The band is shown goofing around in slow motion, with Squires artwork in the background, the second music video featured clips from the Roses classic gig at Blackpool Empress Ballroom on 12 August 1989. This second video is often played now than the original on television. However, unlike bonus songs in other Guitar Hero games, it is featured as a version instead of the master recording. The song is featured in the karaoke game SingStar for the PlayStation 3. The song was used in Forza Horizon, the Definitive Stone Roses Discography entry
16.
Fools Gold/What the World Is Waiting For
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Fools Gold/What the World Is Waiting For is a non-album double A-side by the Stone Roses. It was released in the UK, the US, Mexico, Australia, Germany, Japan and it appeared on their self-titled debut album in the United States. Fools Gold became the bands biggest commercial hit at the time and it was their first single to reach the top ten of the UK Singles Chart and stayed in the Top 75 for fourteen weeks, peaking at number eight. The band were not completely convinced, and it was agreed, instead, the dance-oriented song showcased the rhythm section of Mani on bass and Reni on percussion. Ian Brown stated the song was written over The Funky Drummer by James Brown, John Squire also plays guitar with various wah-wah pedal effects. Ian Brown sings the vocals in a whispered delivery and he would also perform with this technique for the track Somethings Burning. The bassline was inspired by Know How by Young MC, which is a sample from the Shaft theme song, the lyrics reference Nancy Sinatras These Boots Are Made for Walkin and Marquis de Sade. Singer Ian Brown said The verses were inspired by the 1948 Humphrey Bogart The Treasure of the Sierra Madre film adaptation, in the film the friends go up a mountain looking for gold. But as they go on, they start turning on one another, the single was released in 1989 and entered the UK top ten. It was promoted with a video, showing The Stone Roses performing outdoors and walking across the volcanic landscape of Lanzarote. The cover art was a painting by John Squire, Double Dorsal Dopplegänger, although a non-album double A-sided single, both tracks have appeared on the compilation albums Turns into Stone, The Complete Stone Roses and The Very Best of The Stone Roses. Both tracks have appeared on some reissued editions of their debut album The Stone Roses. In May 2007, NME magazine placed Fools Gold at number 32 in its list of the 50 Greatest Indie Anthems Ever, in 2009, listeners of the Australian radio station Triple J voted Fools Gold #76 in the Triple J Hottest 100 Of All Time. Sampled the bassline and drum beat of Fools Gold for their hit Whats It All About, before I even got over there, he pointed at me, made his hands into the shape of a guitar and just did the riff- bom-bom-bom, bom, ba-na-na-na-na-nom, ba-na-na-na-nom. He had the full priests outfit on an all, Fools Gold was mashed-up with If Your Girl Only Knew by Aaliyah for the bootleg If Only Your Girlfriend Was Stoned. A Fools Gold sample is used in the 1990 Bananarama song Only Your Love and it was also used by Wretch 32 in his song Unorthodox, which features Example. In 1999, drum and bass DJ Grooverider remixed the song for the 1999 re-release remix CD, the remix peaked at number 25 on the UK Singles Chart, and has often been described as one of the best of the many remixes of songs by The Stone Roses. It has also featured on many chillout CDs
17.
I Wanna Be Adored
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I Wanna Be Adored is a song by the British rock band The Stone Roses. It was the first track on their album, The Stone Roses. The US release charted at number 18 on the Billboard Modern Rock chart in 1990, in 1991, the single was released in the UK, Germany and Japan featuring previously unreleased B-sides. The song was meant as an apology to the Manchester fans who had been there from the start. I Wanna Be Adored begins with a collage of sounds, the first instrument to enter is the bass guitar, which appears 40 seconds in. This is followed by two guitars, one of plays a pentatonic scale riff. The bass drum enters at 1,13, and the portion of the song begins at 1,30. The song is performed in the key of G, the song features two main sections, a four bar G-D-G-D-Em chord progression, followed by an eight-bar bridge that shifts from D to C repeatedly. The songs lyrics are minimalist, mainly consisting of the lines I dont need to sell my soul/Hes already in me and the songs title repeated throughout the entire song. Ian Brown later performed the B-side, Where Angels Play, live from 2004, in 2006, the music magazine Q voted it 32nd in its list of 100 greatest songs of all time. In May 2007, NME magazine placed I Wanna Be Adored at number 17 in its list of the 50 Greatest Indie Anthems Ever, vH2 placed the song at #2 on the Indie 500, a countdown of their top 500 indie songs of all time. Though There Is a Light That Never Goes Out by The Smiths was at one, on a condensed version showing just the top 50. Stylus Magazine also included the songs bassline at number 17 in their 2005 list of the Top 50 Basslines of All Time, oasis refer to The Stone Roses by quoting the song in Magic Pie, They are sleeping while they dream/and they who wanna be adored. It also appeared on the season of American Horror Story in the episode Battle Royale. Hence the videos share similar visual effects and scenery. V, ISBN 0-87930-654-8 The Definitive Stone Roses Discography entry
18.
I Am the Resurrection
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I Am the Resurrection is a song by the Stone Roses and the final song on the UK version of their debut album. The last four minutes of the song is an instrumental outro, the single was released on 30 March 1992, and reached number 33 on the UK Singles Chart. It was the second of two singles released from their album while the band were estranged from their label Silvertone. The tracks title and its placing as the song on the album is believed to have influenced the title of their long-awaited follow-up album, Second Coming. Q magazine placed it at number 10 in its list of the 100 Greatest Guitar Tracks, NME magazine placed I Am the Resurrection at number 8 in its list of the 50 Greatest Indie Anthems Ever. NME also placed it at number 100 in its list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, originally, the 12 exclusively contained the 8,13 long Extended 16,9 Ratio Club Mix. John Squire designed the I Am the Resurrection cover, continuing the Jackson Pollock-influenced theme of singles from The Stone Roses, the song therefore partly functions as a story of God and Israel/humanity in the Bible but now applied to a human relationship. Codeine Velvet Club included a version as a bonus track on their 2010 debut album. In 2014, Merrymouth, a band led by Ocean Colour Scene singer/songwriter Simon Fowler
19.
Rock music
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It has its roots in 1940s and 1950s rock and roll, itself heavily influenced by blues, rhythm and blues and country music. Rock music also drew strongly on a number of genres such as electric blues and folk. Musically, rock has centered on the guitar, usually as part of a rock group with electric bass guitar. Typically, rock is song-based music usually with a 4/4 time signature using a verse-chorus form, like pop music, lyrics often stress romantic love but also address a wide variety of other themes that are frequently social or political in emphasis. Punk was an influence into the 1980s on the subsequent development of subgenres, including new wave, post-punk. From the 1990s alternative rock began to rock music and break through into the mainstream in the form of grunge, Britpop. Similarly, 1970s punk culture spawned the visually distinctive goth and emo subcultures and this trio of instruments has often been complemented by the inclusion of other instruments, particularly keyboards such as the piano, Hammond organ and synthesizers. The basic rock instrumentation was adapted from the blues band instrumentation. A group of musicians performing rock music is termed a rock band or rock group, Rock music is traditionally built on a foundation of simple unsyncopated rhythms in a 4/4 meter, with a repetitive snare drum back beat on beats two and four. Melodies are often derived from older musical modes, including the Dorian and Mixolydian, harmonies range from the common triad to parallel fourths and fifths and dissonant harmonic progressions. Critics have stressed the eclecticism and stylistic diversity of rock, because of its complex history and tendency to borrow from other musical and cultural forms, it has been argued that it is impossible to bind rock music to a rigidly delineated musical definition. These themes were inherited from a variety of sources, including the Tin Pan Alley pop tradition, folk music and rhythm, as a result, it has been seen as articulating the concerns of this group in both style and lyrics. Christgau, writing in 1972, said in spite of some exceptions, rock and roll usually implies an identification of male sexuality, according to Simon Frith rock was something more than pop, something more than rock and roll. Rock musicians combined an emphasis on skill and technique with the concept of art as artistic expression, original. The foundations of music are in rock and roll, which originated in the United States during the late 1940s and early 1950s. Its immediate origins lay in a melding of various musical genres of the time, including rhythm and blues and gospel music, with country. In 1951, Cleveland, Ohio disc jockey Alan Freed began playing rhythm and blues music for a multi-racial audience, debate surrounds which record should be considered the first rock and roll record. Other artists with rock and roll hits included Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley, Fats Domino, Little Richard, Jerry Lee Lewis
20.
Manchester
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Manchester is a major city and metropolitan borough in Greater Manchester, England, with a population of 514,414 as of 2013. It lies within the United Kingdoms second-most populous urban area, with a population of 2.55 million, Manchester is fringed by the Cheshire Plain to the south, the Pennines to the north and east and an arc of towns with which it forms a continuous conurbation. The local authority is Manchester City Council and it was historically a part of Lancashire, although areas of Cheshire south of the River Mersey were incorporated during the 20th century. Throughout the Middle Ages Manchester remained a township but began to expand at an astonishing rate around the turn of the 19th century. Manchesters unplanned urbanisation was brought on by a boom in textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution, Manchester achieved city status in 1853. The Manchester Ship Canal opened in 1894, creating the Port of Manchester and its fortunes declined after the Second World War, owing to deindustrialisation. The city centre was devastated in a bombing in 1996, but it led to extensive investment, in 2014, the Globalization and World Cities Research Network ranked Manchester as a beta world city, the highest-ranked British city apart from London. Manchester is the third-most visited city in the UK and it is notable for its architecture, culture, musical exports, media links, scientific and engineering output, social impact, sports clubs and transport connections. Manchester Liverpool Road railway station was the worlds first inter-city passenger railway station and in the city scientists first split the atom, the name Manchester originates from the Latin name Mamucium or its variant Mancunium and the citizens are still referred to as Mancunians. These are generally thought to represent a Latinisation of an original Brittonic name, both meanings are preserved in languages derived from Common Brittonic, mam meaning breast in Irish and mother in Welsh. The suffix -chester is a survival of Old English ceaster and their territory extended across the fertile lowland of what is now Salford and Stretford. Central Manchester has been settled since this time. A stabilised fragment of foundations of the version of the Roman fort is visible in Castlefield. After the Roman withdrawal and Saxon conquest, the focus of settlement shifted to the confluence of the Irwell, much of the wider area was laid waste in the subsequent Harrying of the North. Thomas de la Warre, lord of the manor, founded and constructed a church for the parish in 1421. The church is now Manchester Cathedral, the premises of the college house Chethams School of Music. The library, which opened in 1653 and is open to the public today, is the oldest free public reference library in the United Kingdom. Manchester is mentioned as having a market in 1282, around the 14th century, Manchester received an influx of Flemish weavers, sometimes credited as the foundation of the regions textile industry
21.
Pink Floyd
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Pink Floyd were an English rock band formed in London. They achieved international acclaim with their progressive and psychedelic music, Pink Floyd were founded in 1965 by students Syd Barrett on guitar and lead vocals, Nick Mason on drums, Roger Waters on bass and vocals, and Richard Wright on keyboards and vocals. Guitarist David Gilmour joined in December 1967, Barrett left in April 1968 due to deteriorating mental health. Waters became the primary lyricist and conceptual leader, devising the concepts behind their albums The Dark Side of the Moon, Wish You Were Here, Animals, The Wall. The Dark Side of the Moon and The Wall became two of the albums of all time. Following creative tensions, Wright left Pink Floyd in 1979, followed by Waters in 1985, Gilmour and Mason continued as Pink Floyd, Wright rejoined them as a session musician and, later, a band member. The three produced two more albums—A Momentary Lapse of Reason and The Division Bell —and toured through 1994, Barrett died in 2006, and Wright in 2008. The final Pink Floyd studio album, The Endless River, was recorded without Waters, Pink Floyd were inducted into the American Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1996 and the UK Music Hall of Fame in 2005. By 2013, the band had more than 250 million records worldwide. Roger Waters met Nick Mason while they were both studying architecture at the London Polytechnic at Regent Street and they first played music together in a group formed by Keith Noble and Clive Metcalfe with Nobles sister Sheilagh. Richard Wright, an architecture student, joined later that year. Waters played lead guitar, Mason drums, and Wright rhythm guitar, the band performed at private functions and rehearsed in a tearoom in the basement of the Regent Street Polytechnic. They performed songs by the Searchers and material written by their manager and songwriter, Mason moved out after the 1964 academic year, and guitarist Bob Klose moved in during September 1964, prompting Waters switch to bass. Sigma 6 went through several names, including the Meggadeaths, the Abdabs and the Screaming Abdabs, Leonards Lodgers, in 1964, as Metcalfe and Noble left to form their own band, guitarist Syd Barrett joined Klose and Waters at Stanhope Gardens. Barrett, two younger, had moved to London in 1962 to study at the Camberwell College of Arts. Waters and Barrett were childhood friends, Waters had often visited Barrett, Noble and Metcalfe left the Tea Set in late 1963, and Klose introduced the band to singer Chris Dennis, a technician with the Royal Air Force. In December 1964, they secured their first recording time, at a studio in West Hampstead, through one of Wrights friends, Wright, who was taking a break from his studies, did not participate in the session. When the RAF assigned Dennis a post in Bahrain in early 1965, later that year, they became the resident band at the Countdown Club near Kensington High Street in London, where from late night until early morning they played three sets of 90 minutes each
22.
Meddle
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Meddle is the sixth studio album by English progressive rock group Pink Floyd, released on 31 October 1971 by Harvest Records. It was produced between the touring commitments, from January to August 1971. The album was recorded at a series of locations around London, including Abbey Road Studios, with no material to work with and no clear idea of the albums direction, the group devised a series of novel experiments which eventually inspired the albums signature track, Echoes. The cover, incorporating a close-up shot of an ear underwater was, as several previous albums, designed by Hipgnosis. The album was received by music critics upon its release. However, despite being successful in the United Kingdom, lackluster publicity on the part of their United States-based label led to poor sales there upon initial release. Returning from a series of tours across America and England in support of Atom Heart Mother, at the time, Abbey Road was equipped only with eight-track multitrack recording facilities, which the band found insufficient for the increasing technical demands of their project. Engineers John Leckie and Peter Bown recorded the main Abbey Road and AIR sessions, while for minor work at Morgan, Rob Black, lacking a central theme for the project, the band used several experimental methods in an attempt to spur the creative process. One exercise involved each member playing on a track, with no reference to what the other members were doing. The tempo was entirely random while the band played around an agreed chord structure, each recorded section was named, but the process was largely unproductive, after several weeks, no complete songs had been created. He has said that Pink Floyds sessions would often begin in the afternoon, there was no record company contact whatsoever, except when their label manager would show up now and again with a couple of bottles of wine and a couple of joints. The band would spend long periods of time working on simple sounds. Following these early experiments – called Nothings – the band developed Son of Nothings, One of these early works involved the use of Richard Wrights piano. Wright had fed a single note through a Leslie speaker, producing a submarine-like ping, the band tried repeatedly to recreate this sound in the studio but were unsuccessful, and so the demo version was used on what would later become Echoes, mixed almost exclusively at AIR Studios. Combined with David Gilmours guitar, the band were able to develop the track further, unlike with Atom Heart Mother, the new multi-track capabilities of the studio enabled them to create the track in stages, rather than performing it in a single take. The final, 23-minute piece would take up the entire second side of the album. One of These Days was developed around an ostinato bassline created by Roger Waters, the bass line was performed by Waters and Gilmour using two bass guitars, one on old strings. Drummer Nick Masons abstruse One of these days Im going to cut you into little pieces line was recorded at double speed using a falsetto voice, Meddle was recorded between the bands various concert commitments, and therefore its production was spread over a considerable period of time
23.
Zomba Group of Companies
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The Zomba Group of Companies was a music group and division which was owned by and operated under Sony Music Entertainment. The division was renamed to Jive Label Group in 2009 and was placed under the RCA/Jive Label Group umbrella, in 2011, the RCA/Jive Label Group was split in half. Multiple Jive Label Group artists were moved to Epic Records while others stayed with Jive as it moved under the RCA Music Group, in October 2011 Jive Records was shut down and their artists were moved to RCA Records. Calder and Simon both served as CEOs until 1990 when Calder bought out Simons share and ran the company himself until 2002. In 2002, BMG purchased the company and subsequently restructured the labels under the umbrella company Zomba Label Group, the label group served as a parent for many different labels including Jive, Silvertone, Volcano and LaFace. Because of the market in South Africa, there was a need to branch out into various aspects of the business and you couldnt do just one thing. It was too small, explained David Gresham, CEO of David Gresham Record Company and this is not a country where you have a million-seller. A No.1 record is a 10,000 unit seller and that only pays the rent for a month or two. While almost mandatory in South Africa, this style of music company would be adapted to other markets throughout the companies history. Early companies formed by Calder and Simon were Sagittarius Management and Clive Calder Productions, CCP was distributed by EMI Records South Africa who purchased the company in 1972. Although Calder has no stake in it now, it exists as a wholly owned subsidiary of EMI, specializing in the recording, development. Calders relationship with EMI began when he had been an A&R Manager at EMI South Africa for eighteen months, there he had signed some big groups for the time such as Freedoms Children and the Otis Waygood Blues Band. During this time, Calder was also a bassist in a few bands and he formed the Four Dukes and the In Crowd with EMI artist Peter Vee, whom he also produced. Calder eventually paired Lee with a producer named Mutt Lange. The trio of Calder, Simon and Lange decided in 1974 that they had to get out of South Africa and we were politically very much opposed to the old apartheid regime says Simon. They pooled together what little money they had and moved to London, having landed right in the middle of the British punk rock movement, they felt their experience would not be best utilized in marketing and promotion in such a different context. Instead, they opted to create a company and Zomba Corporation was officially registered in Switzerland in 1975. The name Zomba referred to the capital of African country Malawi, next, Calder and Simon began looking for songwriters
24.
Andrew Collins (broadcaster)
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Andrew Collins is an English writer and broadcaster. He is the creator and writer of the Radio 4 sitcom Mr Blue Sky and his TV writing work includes EastEnders and the sitcoms Grass and Not Going Out. Collins has also worked as a music, television and film critic, Collins was a member of the Labour Party between the late 1980s and early 1990s, leaving after Labours defeat in the 1992 General Election. In 2007, he was patron of Thomass Fund, a Northampton-based music therapy charity for children with life-limiting illnesses. Collins started his career as a music journalist, writing for the NME, Vox, Select and he also wrote for and edited film magazine Empire in 1995. In 1998, Collins published his first book, Still Suitable for Miners, the book was updated in 2002 and again in 2007. Collins often appeared on BBC, ITV and Channel 4 list shows and he stated on BBC Threes The Most Annoying TV Programmes We Love to Hate that he had appeared on 37 such list shows, and that this would be his last one. He subsequently appeared on Heroes Unmasked on BBC Three and he devoted a full chapter to the experience of appearing as a talking head on such shows in his third volume of autobiography, Thats Me in the Corner, and continues to appear on similar shows. Heaven Knows Im Miserable Now and Thats Me in the Corner published in May 2007 and he produced a regular podcast, the Collings & Herrin Podcast, with comedian Richard Herring, which began in February 2008 and was named Podcast of the Week in the Times in July 2008. A hiatus from June 2011 to 4 November 2011 was due to what Herring joked was Collins duplicitous careerism, Herring announced that the November podcast would most likely be the last, as Collins had lost enthusiasm for it. Collins presented a Saturday morning radio show with Josie Long on BBC Radio 6 Music between July and December 2011 and he co-wrote the first series of the sitcom Not Going Out for BBC One with Lee Mack, and co-wrote various episodes for the second, third and fourth series. The fifth was the first series he did not work on, the first series won the Rose DOr for Best Comedy, and he and Mack won the RTS Breakthrough award. He worked on the team-written sitcom Gates for Sky Living in 2012, and re-teamed with Simon Day to co-write Colin, in recent years, Collins has moved into script editing. In 2014, he acted as a consultant on The Inbetweeners 2. Collins is currently the editor for Radio Times. He wrote and filmed a weekly TV review column, Telly Addict, for The Guardian website and it returned in June 2016 on YouTube, now hosted and produced by UKTV. He took over the radio show Saturday Night at the Movies on classical music station Classic FM in March 2015. Collins first solo-written comedy, Mr Blue Sky for BBC Radio 4, starred Mark Benton and Rebecca Front and aired in May and it was recommissioned for a second series in 2012
25.
NME
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New Musical Express is a British music journalism magazine published since 1952. It was the first British paper to include a singles chart, in the 1970s it became the best-selling British music newspaper. It started as a newspaper, and gradually moved toward a magazine format during the 1980s and 1990s. An online version of NME, NME. com, was launched in 1996 and it became the worlds biggest standalone music site, with over seven million users per month. With newsstand sales falling across the UK magazine sector, the paid circulation in the first half of 2014 was 15,830. In 2013, the list of NMEs The 500 Greatest Albums of All Time, NME magazine was relaunched in September 2015 as a nationally distributed free publication. NMEs headquarters are in Southwark, London, England, the brands editor-in-chief is Mike Williams, who replaced Krissi Murison in 2012. The paper was established in 1952, the Accordion Times and Musical Express was bought by London music promoter Maurice Kinn, for the sum of £1,000, just 15 minutes before it was due to be officially closed. It was relaunched as the New Musical Express, and was published in a non-glossy tabloid format on standard newsprint. On 14 November 1952, taking its cue from the US magazine Billboard, it created the first UK Singles Chart, the first of these was, in contrast to more recent charts, a top twelve sourced by the magazine itself from sales in regional stores around the UK. The first number one was Here in My Heart by Al Martino, during the 1960s the paper championed the new British groups emerging at the time. The NME circulation peaked under Andy Gray, Editor 1957–1972, with a figure of 306,881 for the period from January to June 1964, the Beatles and the Rolling Stones were frequently featured on the front cover. These and other artists appeared at the NME Poll Winners Concert. The concert also featured a ceremony where the winners would collect their awards. The NME Poll Winners Concerts took place between 1959 and 1972, from 1964 onwards they were filmed, edited and transmitted on British television a few weeks after they had taken place. The latter part of the 1960s saw the chart the rise of psychedelia. During this period some sections of pop music began to be designated as rock, in early 1972 the paper found itself on the verge of closure by its owner IPC. Alan Smith was made editor and in 1972 was told by IPC to turn things around quickly or face closure, according to The Economist, the New Musical Express started to champion underground, up-and-coming music. NME became the gateway to a more rebellious world
26.
Morrissey
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Steven Patrick Morrissey, professionally known as Morrissey, is an English singer, songwriter and author. He rose to prominence as the singer of the indie rock band The Smiths. Since then, Morrissey has had a career, making the top ten of the UK Singles Chart on ten occasions. Born in Davyhulme, Lancashire, to a working-class Irish migrant family, as a child he developed a love of literature, kitchen sink realism and popular music. Involved in Manchesters punk rock scene during the late 1970s, he fronted The Nosebleeds, beginning a career in music journalism, he authored a number of books on music and film in the early 1980s. With Johnny Marr he established The Smiths in 1982, soon attracting national recognition for their debut album. Personal differences between Morrissey and Marr resulted in The Smiths separation in 1987, in 1988, Morrissey launched his solo career with the album Viva Hate. This and its follow-up albums – Bona Drag, Kill Uncle, Your Arsenal, in the mid-to-late 1990s, his subsequent albums, Southpaw Grammar and Maladjusted, also charted but were less well received. After a hiatus between 1998 and 2003, Morrissey released a comeback album, You Are the Quarry. Relocating to Italy, ensuing years saw the release of albums Ringleader of the Tormentors, Years of Refusal, in 2013 Morrissey released his autobiography, followed by his first novel in 2015. Highly influential, Morrissey is widely credited as being a figure in the emergence of indie rock. He has been acclaimed as one of the greatest lyricists in British history, in a 2006 poll held by the BBCs Culture Show, Morrissey was voted the second greatest living British icon. Steven Patrick Morrissey was born on 22 May 1959, at Park Hospital, Davyhulme and his parents – Elizabeth and Peter Morrissey – were working-class Irish Catholics. They had emigrated to Manchester from Dublin with his sibling, elder sister Jacqueline. They had given him the forename of Steven after the American actor Steve Cochran and his earliest home was a council house at 17 Harper Street in the Hulme area of inner Manchester. He also became aware of the sentiment in British society against Irish migrants to Britain. In 1970 the family relocated to another house at 384 Kings Road. Following an early education at St. Wilfreds Primary School, Morrissey failed his 11-plus exam, and proceeded to St. Marys Technical Modern School and he excelled at athletics, although he was an unpopular loner at the school
27.
Wolverhampton Civic Hall
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Wolverhampton Civic Hall is a music venue in Wolverhampton, West Midlands, England. It has been one of the most notable live music venues in the county for several decades and it is part of a complex also including Wulfrun Hall and the Slade Rooms. The complex is owned and managed by Wolverhampton City Council and is a Grade II listed building. The hall was built in 1938 following a competition in 1934 won by Lyons and Israel to build a large concert hall. Construction commenced in April 1936 and the Halls were officially opened on 12 May 1938, the original halls were refitted and reorganised in 2001 to increase the capacity to over 3,000 and provide new backstage areas and public facilities. In 2001, a third, smaller venue, The Little Civic was opened, a Compton Organ was specially designed for the Civic Hall and it is believed that the console was designed by the architects. The organ was made up of over 5,500 pipes, G. D. Cunningham, then Birmingham City Organist, had the distinction of being the first musician to play there. Two Borough Organists have served Wolverhampton at the Civic Hall, Arnold Richardson and Steve Tovey, the Organ was also re-built and enlarged in 2001, and is now capable of being played as a cathedral organ or theatre organ. Regular classical and theatre organ concerts are still held, the first concert was performed on the evening of 16 May 1938, by the Old Royals Association, with Anne Ziegler, Webster Booth and several other soloists. The hall has hosted a variety of events since its opening, in recent years the venue has been in competition for many of the bigger acts with Birminghams O2 Academy, among others. Despite this, the venue has attracted many mid-sized acts that have stopped at the venue on UK tours, comedians, such as Ken Dodd, Peter Kay and Jim Davidson, have appeared at the hall. It which has also staged some sports events, throughout much of the 1980s professional wrestling was broadcast live from the venue on Saturday afternoons. This became a part of English culture until American wrestling became more popular in the 1990s. British Wrestling returned to the venue in the 2000s, on Thursday March 16,2006 it hosted Week 4 of the 2006 Premier League Darts and since 2007, the venue has staged the Grand Slam of Darts. Two long running club nights, Cheeky Monkey and Blast Off were held on Friday and Saturday respectively, promoters decided to no longer run the indie-rock themed Blast Off in March 2014, citing low attendance numbers. Friday afternoons see one of the largest ballroom and sequence dances in the UK, the hall has hosted dances since 1938, originally on Saturday evenings, when many top dance bands and orchestras have played to capacity audiences. The Wolverhampton Youth Orchestra/Youth Wind Orchestra play their annual pre-tour concert here, Morrissey played his first solo performance at the Civic Hall on 22 December 1988. Admission was said to be free to anyone wearing a The Smiths T-shirt, nearly 20,000 fans were reported to attempt to gain entry to the show many of which had queued for days
28.
Pop Will Eat Itself
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Pop Will Eat Itself are an English alternative rock band formed in Stourbridge in 1986 with members from Birmingham, Coventry and the Black Country. Initially known as a Grebo act, their style changed to incorporate sample-driven indie and their highest charting single was the 1993 top ten hit, Get The Girl. After initially disbanding in 1996, and having a brief reformation in 2005, an early permutation of the band formed in 1981 under the name From Eden. Members included Clint Mansell, Adam Mole, Chris Fradgley, Malcolm Treece, from Eden recruited Graham Crabb to replace Hunt on drums before splitting up. Crabb, Mole and Mansell recruited Richard March and changed their name to Wild. The name came from a Wasted Youth album under which one E. P. was released before eventually becoming Pop Will Eat Itself in 1986, the new name was taken from a quotation in an NME article on Jamie Wednesday by David Quantick. In 1986, the released the Poppies Say Grrr. Single which became the Single Of The Week in the NME, the single was sold in a brown paper bag and was made available for sale at Martins Newsagents in Stourbridge High Street as well as from the home of one of the band. During this time the band were listening to more and more hip hop as well as music from a new emerging movement of sample-heavy dance records and it was here the band met The Designers Republic, which was to be the start of a very successful partnership. The album came out on manager Craig Jennings Chapter 22 label, CJ still manages the band to the present day, along with the roster at Jennings firm, Raw Power Management. The album surprised the fans and perplexed the music critics. Crabb, now more immersed in sample-finding and songwriting, moved from behind the kit to being a co-vocalist with Mansell and was replaced by a drum machine called Dr. Nightmare. March took on programming duties and became the expert on all things Atari and Akai. Sucker from their album, This Is the Day. This Is the Hour. This Is This, in late 1988 PWEI were invited by Rush Management to support Run DMC on their European tour. They released three albums on RCA. The first two were recorded with the aid of Flood, known for his work with Nine Inch Nails, U2, the band toured extensively in the UK, Europe, and US, including appearances at Reading Festival. Their singles charted higher, with every single release charting inside the UK Top Forty from 1990 until their final single release in 1994. On 1992s The Looks or the Lifestyle, the band recruited Robert Fuzz Townshend as their drummer to complement their standard array of loops and pre-programmed drums
29.
Spike Island (Cheshire)
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Spike Island is an island in the estuary of the River Mersey and part of Widnes in the Borough of Halton in north-west England. The island contains parkland, woodland, a path along the Sankey Canal and the Catalyst Science Discovery Centre, the island was at the centre of the British chemical industry during the 19th century and part of the Industrial Revolution. However, by the 1970s the area contained abandoned chemical factories, rail lines, canal and industrial dockage, between 1975 and 1982 the island was reclaimed and returned to green spaces. A film about the concert called Spike Island was released in 2012
30.
Woodstock
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Billed as An Aquarian Exposition,3 Days of Peace & Music, it was held at Max Yasgurs 600-acre dairy farm in the Catskills near the hamlet of White Lake in the town of Bethel. Bethel, in Sullivan County, is 43 miles southwest of the town of Woodstock, New York, during the sometimes rainy weekend,32 acts performed outdoors before an audience of 400,000 people. It is widely regarded as a moment in popular music history. Rolling Stone listed it as one of the 50 Moments That Changed the History of Rock, in 2017 the festival site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Woodstock was initiated through the efforts of Michael Lang, John Roberts, Joel Rosenman, Roberts and Rosenman financed the project. Lang had some experience as a promoter, having co-organized a small festival on the East Coast the prior year, the Miami Pop Festival, where an estimated 25,000 people attended the two-day event. Early in 1969, Roberts and Rosenman were New York City entrepreneurs, in the process of building Media Sound, unpersuaded by this Studio-in-the-Woods proposal, Roberts and Rosenman counter-proposed a concert featuring the kind of artists known to frequent the Woodstock area. Kornfeld and Lang agreed to the new plan, and Woodstock Ventures was formed in January 1969, the company offices were located in an oddly decorated floor of 47 West 57th Street in Manhattan. Burt Cohen, and his group, Curtain Call Productions. When Lang was unable to find a site for the concert, Roberts and Rosenman, growing increasingly concerned, took to the road, similar differences about financial discipline made Roberts and Rosenman wonder whether to pull the plug or to continue pumping money into the project. In April 1969, newly minted superstars Creedence Clearwater Revival became the first act to sign a contract for the event, the promoters had experienced difficulty landing big-name groups prior to Creedence committing to play. Creedence drummer Doug Clifford later commented, Once Creedence signed, everyone else jumped in line, given their 3,00 a. m. start time and omission from the Woodstock film, Creedence members have expressed bitterness over their experiences at the famed festival. Woodstock was designed as a venture, aptly titled Woodstock Ventures. It famously became a free concert only after the event drew hundreds of more people than the organizers had prepared for. Tickets for the event cost $18 in advance and $24 at the gate. Ticket sales were limited to record stores in the greater New York City area, around 186,000 advance tickets were sold, and the organizers anticipated approximately 200,000 festival-goers would turn up. The original venue plan was for the festival to take place in Woodstock, New York, after local residents quickly shot down that idea, Lang and Kornfeld thought they had found another possible location in Saugerties, New York. But they had misunderstood, as the landowners attorney made clear, in a meeting with Roberts
31.
Happy Mondays
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Happy Mondays are an English alternative rock band from Salford, Greater Manchester. Formed in 1980, the bands original line-up was Shaun Ryder, his brother Paul Ryder, Mark Day, Paul Davis, Mark Bez Berry later joined the band onstage as a dancer/percussionist. Rowetta joined the band as a guest vocalist in 1990, the groups work bridged the Manchester independent rock music of the 1980s and the emerging UK rave scene, drawing influence from acid house, funk, and psychedelia to pioneer the Madchester sound. They experienced their commercial peak with the releases Bummed, Madchester Rave On and they disbanded in 1993, and have reformed several times in subsequent decades. The first official release from Happy Mondays was the Forty Five EP and it was released on Factory Records in September 1985. Manchester music impresario Tony Wilson discovered them at a battle of the bands contest held at his Hacienda nightclub and their first album, Squirrel and G-Man Twenty Four Hour Party People Plastic Face Carnt Smile, debuted in 1987 and was produced by John Cale. This put the band firmly on the map as one of the most influential bands to come out of the UK in the early 1990s, the album was recorded at Capitol Studios in Los Angeles. Singles Step On and Kinky Afro from this album reached number 5 in the UK singles chart. Followed in 1992, produced by Chris Frantz and Tina Weymouth, by the late 1980s, the Happy Mondays were an important part of the Manchester music scene and personified rave culture. Numerous world tours meant the band had success as well as massive success in their home country. Earlier that year, the band had appeared on the bill at the 1990 Glastonbury Festival, in late 1990, Paul McCartney stated, I saw the Happy Mondays on TV, and they reminded me of the Beatles in their Strawberry Fields phase. Musically, the band fused indie pop guitars with a style that owed much to house music, Krautrock, funk. Much of their music was remixed by popular DJs, emphasizing the dance influences even further, in terms of style and dress, they crossed hippy fashion and ideals with 1970s glamour. Sartorially and musically, the band helped to encourage the psychedelic revival associated with acid house, one of their most popular songs was Lazyitis, featuring a surreal duet between Ryder and Karl Denver. The Mondays also influenced many bands around the Northwest and beyond, including the Stone Roses, Oasis, a multi-city US tour followed with the group returning home early in May 1991. However, by July that year they revealed details of a fourteen track official bootleg album, Baby Big Head. The official record release, Live followed later in the year. Happy Mondays disbanded in 1993, and Shaun Ryder and Bez formed Black Grape with ex-Paris Angels guitarist Wags and ex-Ruthless Rap Assassins star Kermit
32.
Britpop
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The most successful bands associated with the movement are Oasis, Blur, Suede and Pulp, those groups would come to be known as its big four. The timespan of Britpop is generally considered to be 1993-1997, with 1994-1995, an influence they shared in particular was the Smiths. These bands were joined by others including Oasis, Pulp, The Verve, Supergrass, Cast, Placebo, Space, Sleeper. Britpop groups brought British alternative rock into the mainstream and formed the backbone of a larger British cultural movement called Cool Britannia, the Battle of Britpop brought Britpop to the forefront of the British press in 1995. By 1997, however, the movement began to slow down, many began to falter. The popularity of the pop group the Spice Girls snatched the spirit of the age from those responsible for Britpop. Although its more popular bands were able to spread their commercial success overseas, especially to the United States, the movement largely fell apart by the end of the decade. Britpop bands show elements from the British pop music of the Sixties, glam rock and punk rock of the Seventies, and indie pop of the Eighties in their music, attitude, and clothing. Specific influences vary, Blur and Oasis drew from the Kinks, regardless, Britpop artists project a sense of reverence for British pop sounds of the past. Alternative rock acts from the scene of the Eighties and early Nineties were the direct ancestors of the Britpop movement. The influence of the Smiths is common to the majority of Britpop artists, local identity and regional British accents are common to Britpop groups, as well as references to British places and culture in lyrics and image. Stylistically, Britpop bands use catchy hooks and lyrics that were relevant to young British people of their own generation, Britpop bands conversely denounced grunge as irrelevant and having nothing to say about their lives. Damon Albarn of Blur summed up the attitude in 1993 when after being asked if Blur were a band he said, Well. If punk was about getting rid of hippies, then Im getting rid of grunge, in spite of the professed disdain for the genres, some elements of both crept into the more enduring facets of Britpop. The imagery associated with Britpop was equally British and working class, a rise in unabashed maleness, exemplified by Loaded magazine and lad culture in general, would be very much part of the Britpop era. The emphasis on British reference points made it difficult for the genre to achieve success in the US, journalist John Harris has suggested that Britpop began when Blurs single Popscene and Suedes The Drowners were released around the same time in the spring of 1992. He stated, f Britpop started anywhere, it was the deluge of acclaim that greeted Suedes first records, all of them audacious, successful and very, very British. Suede were the first of the new crop of guitar-orientated bands to be embraced by the UK music media as Britains answer to Seattles grunge sound and their debut album Suede became the fastest-selling debut album in the history of the UK
33.
Rave
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A rave is a large dance party featuring performances by DJs and occasionally live performers playing electronic music. The music is amplified with a large, powerful sound reinforcement system, the music is accompanied by laser light shows, projected images, visual effects and fog machines. The word rave was first used in the late 1980s to describe the subculture grew out of the acid house movement. While some raves may be small parties held at nightclubs or private residences, some raves have grown to immense size, some electronic dance music festivals have features of raves, but on a large, often commercial scale. Raves may last for a time, with some events continuing for twenty-four hours. In the late 1950s in London the term rave was used to describe the wild bohemian parties of the Soho beatnik set, in 1958, Buddy Holly recorded the hit Rave On, citing the madness and frenzy of a feeling and the desire for it never to end. The word rave was used in the burgeoning mod youth culture of the early 1960s as the way to describe any wild party in general. People who were gregarious party animals were described as ravers, pop musicians such as Steve Marriott of The Small Faces and Keith Moon of The Who were self-described ravers. Presaging the words subsequent 1980s association with music, the word rave was a common term used regarding the music of mid-1960s garage rock. It was later part of the title of a music performance event held on 28 January 1967 at Londons Roundhouse titled the Million Volt Light. The event featured the only public airing of an experimental sound collage created for the occasion by Paul McCartney of The Beatles – the legendary Carnival of Light recording. With the rapid change of British pop culture from the mod era of 1963–1966 to the era of 1967 and beyond. Its use during that era would have perceived as a quaint or ironic use of bygone slang. Also during the 1970s the Chicago house movement continued to expand along with a new club - Studio 54, Studio 54 was a world-famous New York nightclub and discothèque. Founded and created by Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager in 1977, Rubell and Schrager hired Scott Bromley as architect, Ron Doud as interior designer and Brian Thompson as lighting designer. Where formerly all clubs had very dark, at Studio 54 the crowd could be lit brightly. In the late 1970s, the club was arguably the best-known nightclub in the world, the perception of the word changed again in the late 1980s when the term was revived and adopted by a new youth culture, possibly inspired by the use of the term in Jamaica. In the late 1980s, the word rave was adopted to describe the subculture grew out of the acid house movement
34.
The Quietus
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The Quietus is a British online music and pop culture magazine, focusing on arts news, reviews, and features. The site is an independent publication led by John Doran. The Quietus primarily features writings on music and film, as well as interviews with a range of notable artists. The magazine also includes pieces on literature, graphic novels, architecture. The website is edited by John Doran, who claims that it caters for the intelligent music fan between the age of 21 and, well,73, among its best known columns is its Bakers Dozen, in which artists select 13 personal favorite albums. Content from the interviews have been used by other national and international media outlets. The sites news has been cited by publications from Russia to Brazil, the Quietus also organises independent music gigs in tandem with entertainment venues. In 2008, The Quietus won Student Publication Choice at the Record of the Day Awards, in 2009, the site won Best Digital Publication at the same awards ceremony, where Doran won Live Review Writer of the Year. The same year, it was chosen as one of The 25 Best Music Websites by The Independent, the Quietus at Citizen Media Law Project
35.
Mani (musician)
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Gary Manny Mani Mounfield is an English rock bassist, best known for being a member of the Stone Roses and Primal Scream. Mounfield attended Xaverian College in Rusholme, Manchester and he developed an interest with darts, a sport he had come to champion throughout his career. He left school aged sixteen in 1979 and joined the band the Stone Roses in 1987, playing on both of the bands albums, Mounfield was in the Stone Roses until they disbanded in 1996, shortly after the birth of his son. Mounfield was synonymous with a Rickenbacker 4005 Jackson Pollock-influenced paint-splattered bass guitar in the period after the Stone Roses debut album and he joined Primal Scream after Stone Roses disbanded. He claimed that Primal Scream were one of three bands that he would be willing to join -- the Jesus and Mary Chain. He was a full-time Primal Scream member until 2012 when he left to rejoin the Stone Roses, Mounfield has often been viewed as the most amiable member of the Roses, both while the band were still together and following their break-up. Whilst in the past he had claimed that the band would reform only after Manchester City won the European Cup, Mounfield and ex-Stone Roses drummer Reni were interviewed for the Manchester Music show on BBC GMR whilst attending a gig by the Coral. Mounfield toured with the Enemy on their UK tour, which involved a rare partaking in backing vocals, Mounfield has a guest role in the movie 24 Hour Party People, and was in a supergroup band called Freebass with bass players Andy Rourke and Peter Hook. Freebass disbanded before releasing its debut album, Its a Beautiful Life, Mounfield appeared at the Manchester Versus Cancer event on 30 March 2007, performing a DJ set and appearing with Ian Brown for the finale, the Stone Roses I Am the Resurrection. He also appeared as a celebrity guest at the 2009 World Darts Championship and he made a guest appearance at Paul Wellers performance at the Manchester MEN arena on 4 December 2010, playing tambourine. Ahead of the Heaton Park shows, Mani was asked if he would play for both Primal Scream and the Stone Roses on the night, to which he replied. You can’t ride two bikes with one arse. ”Mounfield is a supporter of Manchester United. He regularly showcases his love for the team on the Sky One programme, Football Years and he also revealed on Play UK programme Nu Music that he supports Manchester United in England and, although he is English, he was brought up to support Ireland. He has also appeared on the football programme Soccer AM, earning himself a Hat-trick Ball from the show as a result and he also supports Warrington RL team, influenced by Ian Brown who comes from Warrington. Official websites, Primal Scream The Stone Roses Official website celebrating the 20th anniversary of The Stone Roses debut album
36.
Ian Brown
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Ian George Brown is an English musician. He is the singer of the alternative rock band the Stone Roses from their formation in 1983 until they broke up in 1996. Following the split he began a career, releasing six studio albums, a greatest hits compilation. He has performed shows in 45 countries. He returned to singing for the Stone Roses on 19 October 2011, on 20 October, he put out a statement to say that although he had reunited with the band, it did not spell the end of his solo endeavours. Brown is also known for having played a minor role in Harry Potter. Brown was born in Warrington in 1963 and grew up on Forster Street and his father, George, was a joiner and his mother Jeane worked as a receptionist in a paper factory. He then moved with his family, including a brother and sister, to Timperley and he attended Park Road County Primary Infant and Junior School and then Altrincham Grammar School for Boys. Browns interest in music was inspired by the movement, specifically the bands Sex Pistols. Brown and original Stone Roses bassist Pete Garner attended the recording of the Clash single Bankrobber in Manchester, Browns music career began in 1980, playing bass guitar in a band with John Squire and Simon Wolstencroft. They eventually became the Patrol, with Andy Couzens on vocals, the band soon split up, with Brown selling his bass to buy a scooter. Brown moved to Hulme, and attended northern soul all-nighters across Northern England in the early 1980s as the scene faded, around this time, Brown met soul legend Geno Washington, who told him, You should be a star. In 1983 Brown joined the Waterfront, the band that would evolve into the Stone Roses, the Stone Roses rose to prominence in the late 1980s and early 1990s, with their debut album voted the best British album of all time in 2004. The bands second album, Second Coming, received a reaction, and after several changes of line-up. On 17 October 2011, Brown alluded to a Stone Roses reunion via text message, saying, on the following day, a reunion was announced for the band with performances planned for June 2012 in Manchester. In a press interview, the members of the Stone Roses have said that a new album is planned. On 2 December 2011 Ian Brown and John Squire performed together live for the first time since 1995 and they joined Mick Jones from the Clash, the Farm and Pete Wylie at the Manchester Ritz in a concert in aid of the Justice for Hillsborough campaign. The Stone Roses reunited in 2011 and went on a Reunion Tour in 2012, after a break from music in Morocco, Brown established his solo career with the debut solo single My Star, which was released in the UK on 12 January 1998
37.
Spin (magazine)
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Spin is an American music magazine founded in 1985 by publisher Bob Guccione, Jr. The magazine stopped running in print in 2012 and currently runs as a webzine, in its early years, the magazine was known for its broad music coverage with an emphasis on college rock, grunge, indie rock, and the ongoing emergence of hip-hop. The magazine was eclectic and bold, if sometimes haphazard and it pointedly provided a national alternative to Rolling Stones more establishment-oriented style. Spin prominently placed newer artists such as R. E. M, Spins extensive coverage of hip-hop music and culture, especially that of contributing editor John Leland, was notable at the time. Editorial contributions by musical and cultural figures included Lydia Lunch, Henry Rollins, David Lee Roth, the magazine also reported on cities such as Austin, Texas, or Glasgow, Scotland, as cultural incubators in the independent music scene. A1990 article on the country blues scene brought R. L. Burnside to national attention for the first time. During this time, it was published by Camouflage Associates, in 1997, Guccione sold Spin to Miller Publishing. In February 2006, Miller Publishing sold the magazine to a San Francisco-based company called the McEvoy Group LLC and that company formed Spin Media LLC as a holding company. The new owners replaced editor-in-chief Sia Michel with Andy Pemberton, an editor at Blender. The first issue to be published under his command was the July 2006 issue—sent to the printer in May 2006—which featured Beyoncé on the cover. Pemberton and Spin parted ways the next month, in June 2006, the following editor, Doug Brod, was executive editor during Michels tenure. For Spins 20th anniversary, it published a book chronicling the prior two decades in music. The book has essays on grunge, Britpop, and emo, among other genres of music, as well as pieces on musical acts including Marilyn Manson, Tupac Shakur, nirvana, Weezer, Nine Inch Nails, Limp Bizkit, and the Smashing Pumpkins. In July 2012, Spin was sold to Buzzmedia, which renamed itself SpinMedia. The September/October 2012 issue of Spin was the magazines last print edition, in December 2016, Eldridge Industries acquired SpinMedia via the Hollywood Reporter-Billboard Media Group for an undisclosed amount. In 1995, Spin produced its first book, entitled Spin Alternative Record Guide, although the book was not a sales success, it inspired a disproportionate number of young readers to pursue music criticism. Notable contributors to Spin have included, SPIN began compiling year-end lists in 1990, note, The 2000 album of the year was awarded to your hard drive, acknowledging the impact that filesharing had on the music listening experience in 2000. Kid A was listed as number 2, the highest ranking given to an actual album,1994 roadside attack on Spin magazine journalists Anon
38.
The Beatles
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The Beatles were an English rock band, formed in Liverpool in 1960. With members John Lennon, Paul McCartney, George Harrison and Ringo Starr, the Beatles built their reputation playing clubs in Liverpool and Hamburg over a three-year period from 1960, with Stuart Sutcliffe initially serving as bass player. The core of Lennon, McCartney and Harrison went through a succession of drummers, including Pete Best, before asking Starr to join them. They acquired the nickname the Fab Four as Beatlemania grew in Britain the next year, from 1965 onwards, the Beatles produced increasingly innovative recordings, including the albums Rubber Soul, Revolver, Sgt. Peppers Lonely Hearts Club Band, The Beatles and Abbey Road, after their break-up in 1970, they each enjoyed successful musical careers of varying lengths. McCartney and Starr, the members, remain musically active. Lennon was shot and killed in December 1980, and Harrison died of cancer in November 2001. The Beatles are the band in history, with estimated sales of over 600 million records worldwide. They have had more number-one albums on the British charts and sold more singles in the UK than any other act, according to the RIAA, the Beatles are also the best-selling music artists in the United States, with 178 million certified units. In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazines list of the all-time most successful Hot 100 artists, as of 2016 and they have received ten Grammy Awards, an Academy Award for Best Original Song Score and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards. The group was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1988 and they were also collectively included in Time magazines compilation of the twentieth centurys 100 most influential people. In March 1957, John Lennon, then aged sixteen, formed a group with several friends from Quarry Bank school. They briefly called themselves the Blackjacks, before changing their name to the Quarrymen after discovering that a local group was already using the other name. Fifteen-year-old Paul McCartney joined as a rhythm guitarist shortly after he, in February 1958, McCartney invited his friend George Harrison to watch the band. The fourteen-year-old auditioned for Lennon, impressing him with his playing, after a month of Harrisons persistence, they enlisted him as their lead guitarist. By January 1959, Lennons Quarry Bank friends had left the group, the three guitarists, billing themselves at least three times as Johnny and the Moondogs, were playing rock and roll whenever they could find a drummer. They used the name until May, when they became the Silver Beetles, before undertaking a tour of Scotland as the backing group for pop singer. By early July, they had changed their name to the Silver Beatles, allan Williams, the Beatles unofficial manager, arranged a residency for them in Hamburg, but lacking a full-time drummer they auditioned and hired Pete Best in mid-August 1960
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