Theodicy
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A theodicy, meaning 'vindication of God', is an argument in the philosophy of religion that attempts to resolve the problem of evil, which arises when all power and all goodness are attributed to God
Gottfried Leibniz coined the term theodicy to justify God's existence in light of the apparent imperfections of the world.
Emmanuel Levinas, a French Jewish philosopher
Book of Job
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The Book of Job, or simply Job, is a book found in the Ketuvim section of the Hebrew Bible and the first of the Poetic Books in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.
Theodicy
…of evil and suffering in God's presence shows similarities and contrasts between the Hebrew Bible and the New Testament. For the Hebrew Bible, the Book of Job is often quoted as the authoritative source of discussion. In the introduction to his book The Old Testament, the literary critic and philosopher George…
Papyrus Oxyrhynchus 3522 (dated to the 1st century CE) contains a partial translation of Job 42 into Koine Greek.
A scroll of the Book of Job, in Hebrew
Job's Tormentors from William Blake's Illustrations for the Book of Job
Job and His Friends by Ilya Repin (1869)