1.
Cameron Diaz
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Cameron Michelle Diaz is an American actress, producer, and former fashion model. She rose to stardom with roles in The Mask, My Best Friends Wedding and Theres Something About Mary, in 2013, Diaz was named the highest-paid actress over 40 in Hollywood. Diaz was born in San Diego, California and her mother, Billie, was an import/export agent, and her father, Emilio Diaz, worked for the California oil company Unocal as a foreman. Diaz has a sister, Chimene. Her fathers family is Cuban, and Diazs ancestors had moved from Spain to Cuba. Later they settled in Ybor City, Tampa, before moving to California and her mother has English, Scots-Irish, German and Cherokee ancestry. Diaz grew up in Long Beach and attended Los Cerritos Elementary School, and then Long Beach Polytechnic High School and she began her career as a fashion model at the age of 16, and did contract work with a modeling agency, Elite Model Management. For the next months, she worked all over the world on contracts for companies including Calvin Klein, when she was 17, she was featured on the front cover of the July 1990 issue of Seventeen. Diaz also modeled for 2 to 3 months in Australia and shot a commercial for Coca-Cola in Sydney in 1991. Rutter approached Diaz in 2003, ahead of the release of Charlies Angels, Full Throttle, offering to sell the pictures and he stated that he was offering her first right of refusal to them, she saw it as attempted blackmail and sued him. In July 2004, the 30-minute video of the photoshoot, entitled Shes No Angel, was released on a Russian website, on July 26,2005, Rutter was convicted of attempted grand theft, forgery, and perjury. On September 16,2005, Rutter was sentenced to more than three years in prison. At the age of 21, Diaz auditioned for The Mask, based on the recommendation of an agent for Elite, having no previous acting experience, she started acting lessons after being cast. The Mask became one of the top ten highest-grossing films of 1994, for the next three years, Diaz played roles in the independent films The Last Supper, Feeling Minnesota, Shes the One, and Head Above Water. She was scheduled to perform in the film Mortal Kombat, but had to resign after breaking her hand while training for the role, Diaz returned to mainstream films with My Best Friends Wedding and A Life Less Ordinary, both released in 1997. The following year, she played the role in Theres Something About Mary. She received critical acclaim for her performance in Being John Malkovich, which earned her Best Supporting Actress nominations at the Golden Globe, BAFTA, and SAG Awards. Between 1998 and 2000, Diaz was featured in movies, such as Very Bad Things, Any Given Sunday, Things You Can Tell Just by Looking at Her
2.
Ben Stiller
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Benjamin Edward Meara Ben Stiller is an American actor, comedian, and filmmaker. He is the son of comedians and actors Jerry Stiller. After beginning his career with a play, Stiller wrote several mockumentaries, and was offered his own show entitled The Ben Stiller Show. Having previously acted in television, he began acting in films, in addition, he has had multiple cameos in music videos, television shows, and films. Stiller is a member of a group of comedic actors colloquially known as the Frat Pack and his films have grossed more than $2.6 billion in Canada and the United States, with an average of $79 million per film. Throughout his career, he has received awards and honors, including an Emmy Award, multiple MTV Movie Awards. Benjamin Edward Meara Stiller was born on November 30,1965 in New York City and his father, comedian and actor Jerry Stiller, is from a Jewish family that emigrated from Poland and Galicia in Eastern Europe. His mother, actress/comedian Anne Meara, who was from an Irish Catholic background, while the family was never very religious, they celebrated both Hanukkah and Christmas, and Stiller had a Bar Mitzvah. His parents frequently took him on the sets of their appearances and he considered his childhood unusual, stating In some ways, it was a show-business upbringing—a lot of traveling, a lot of late nights—not what youd call traditional. His elder sister, Amy, has appeared in many of his productions, including Reality Bites, DodgeBall, A True Underdog Story, Stiller displayed an early interest in filmmaking and made Super 8 movies with his sister and friends. At nine years old, he made his debut as a guest on his mothers short-lived television series. In the late 1970s, he performed with the New York City troupe NYCs First All Childrens Theater, playing roles, including the title role in Clever Jack. After being inspired by the television show Second City Television while in high school, during his high school years, he was also the drummer of the punk band Capital Punishment, which released a studio album named Roadkill in 1982. Stiller attended The Cathedral School of St. John the Divine and he started performing on the cabaret circuit as opening act to the cabaret siren Jadin Wong. Stiller then enrolled as a student at the University of California. After nine months, Stiller left school to move back to New York City and he made his way through acting classes, auditioning and trying to find an agent. When he was approximately 15, Stiller obtained a part with one line on the television soap opera Guiding Light. He was later cast in a role in the 1986 Broadway revival of John Guares The House of Blue Leaves, alongside John Mahoney, during its run, Stiller produced a satirical mockumentary whose principal was fellow actor Mahoney
3.
Jonathan Richman
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Jonathan Michael Richman is an American singer, songwriter and guitarist. In 1970 he founded the Modern Lovers, an influential proto-punk band, since the mid-1970s, Richman has worked either solo or with low-key, acoustic and electric, backing. Currently, he plays only acoustic to protect his hearing and he is known for his wide-eyed, unaffected and childlike outlook, and music that, while rooted in rock and roll, is influenced by music from around the world. Born in Natick, Massachusetts, into a Jewish family, Richman began playing music, failing at this, he returned to Boston. While in Boston, Richman formed the Modern Lovers, a garage rock band. Other notable members of the group were keyboard player Jerry Harrison and drummer David Robinson, who later joined Talking Heads, in 1972 they recorded a series of demos with producer John Cale. Among these songs were the seminal Roadrunner and Pablo Picasso which were released on the groups post-breakup album. The album was strange for its time, featuring Velvets-influenced basic three-chord rock at a time when glam, later in 1972, the group also recorded with producer Kim Fowley, these demos were eventually released in 1981 as The Original Modern Lovers. Despite playing live regularly, the Modern Lovers had a difficult time securing a recording contract and this stymied efforts to complete a debut album, and led to the breakup of the original Modern Lovers in February 1974. In 1975, Richman moved to California to record as a solo singer/songwriter with Beserkley Records, the albums produced by the new group found Richman turning away from electric rock music towards gentler acoustic textures, with a strong rooting in 1950s rock and roll. After several months as a trio, Richman found a new drummer, D. Sharpe, a jazz player on the Boston scene. Rock and Roll with the Modern Lovers was released in 1977 and, just as this began to climb the charts in Europe. A subsequent live album, Modern Lovers Live, was released in 1978, in the United Kingdom, Richman was recognised as a progenitor of the punk rock scene, and several of his singles became hits. Roadrunner reached Number 11 in the UK Singles Chart, and its follow-up, Egyptian Reggae was a version of Jamaican musician Earl Zeros reggae song None Shall Escape the Judgment, Zero was credited as co-writer on Richmans later versions of the track. Back in Your Life was released in 1979 under the Jonathan Richman and the Modern Lovers moniker, following the Modern Lovers final breakup, Richman went on sabbatical for a few years, staying in Appleton, Maine, and playing at local bars in Belfast, Maine. He returned to recording in 1983 with Jonathan Sings and these were followed up with US tours and a brace of pop recordings. In 1993, he contributed the track Hot Nights to the AIDS-Benefit Album No Alternative produced by the Red Hot Organization, always possessing an ardent cult following, Richman has become better known in recent years thanks to a series of appearances on Late Night with Conan OBrien. He also appeared briefly in a bar scene in a previous Farrelly Brothers film, Kingpin, in 1998 a live album of Modern Lovers recordings from the early 1970s was released, Live at the Long Branch & More
4.
20th Century Fox
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Twentieth Century Fox Film Corporation is an American film studio currently owned by 21st Century Fox. It is one of the Big Six major American film studios and is located in the Century City area of Los Angeles, the studio was formerly owned by News Corporation. 20th Century Fox is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2015, 20th Century Fox celebrated its 80th anniversary as a studio. Spyros Skouras, then manager of the Fox West Coast Theaters, the studios biggest star, Will Rogers, died in a plane crash weeks after the merger. Its leading female star, Janet Gaynor, was fading in popularity and promising leading men James Dunn, at first, it was expected that the new company was originally to be called Fox-20th Century, even though 20th Century was the senior partner in the merger. However, 20th Century brought more to the bargaining table besides Schenck and Zanuck, the new company, 20th Century-Fox Film Corporation, began trading on May 31,1935, the hyphen was dropped in 1985. Schenck became Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, while Kent remained as President, Zanuck became Vice President in Charge of Production, replacing Foxs longtime production chief Winfield Sheehan. The company established a training school. The contracts included an option for renewal for as long as seven years. For many years, 20th Century Fox claimed to have founded in 1915. For instance, it marked 1945 as its 30th anniversary, however, in recent years it has claimed the 1935 merger as its founding, even though most film historians agree it was founded in 1915. The companys films retained the 20th Century Pictures searchlight logo on their credits as well as its opening fanfare. Also on the Fox payroll he found two players who he built up into the studios leading assets, Alice Faye and seven-year-old Shirley Temple, favoring popular biographies and musicals, Zanuck built Fox back to profitability. Thanks to record attendance during World War II, Fox overtook RKO, while Zanuck went off for eighteen months war service, junior partner William Goetz kept profits high by going for light entertainment. The studios—indeed the industrys—biggest star was creamy blonde Betty Grable, in 1942, Spyros Skouras succeeded Kent as president of the studio. Together with Zanuck, who returned in 1943, they intended to make Foxs output more serious-minded. During the next few years, with pictures like The Razors Edge, Wilson, Gentlemans Agreement, The Snake Pit, Boomerang, and Pinky, Zanuck established a reputation for provocative, adult films. Fox also specialized in adaptations of best-selling books such as Ben Ames Williams Leave Her to Heaven, starring Gene Tierney and they also made the 1958 film version of South Pacific
5.
Miami
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Miami is a seaport city at the southeastern corner of the U. S. state of Florida and its Atlantic coast. According to the U. S. Census Bureau, Miamis metro area is the eighth-most populous, Miami is a major center, and a leader in finance, commerce, culture, media, entertainment, the arts, and international trade. In 2012, Miami was classified as an Alpha−World City in the World Cities Study Groups inventory, in 2010, Miami ranked seventh in the United States in terms of finance, commerce, culture, entertainment, fashion, education, and other sectors. It ranked 33rd among global cities, in 2008, Forbes magazine ranked Miami Americas Cleanest City, for its year-round good air quality, vast green spaces, clean drinking water, clean streets, and citywide recycling programs. According to a 2009 UBS study of 73 world cities, Miami was ranked as the richest city in the United States, Miami is nicknamed the Capital of Latin America and is the largest city with a Cuban-American plurality. Miami has the third tallest skyline in the U. S. with over 300 high-rises, Downtown Miami is home to the largest concentration of international banks in the United States, and many large national and international companies. The Civic Center is a center for hospitals, research institutes, medical centers. For more than two decades, the Port of Miami, known as the Cruise Capital of the World, has been the number one cruise port in the world. It accommodates some of the worlds largest cruise ships and operations, Metropolitan Miami is the major tourism hub in the American South, number two in the U. S. after New York City and number 13 in the world, including the popular destination of Miami Beach. The Miami area was inhabited for thousands of years by indigenous Native American tribes, the Tequestas occupied the area for a thousand years before encountering Europeans. An Indian village of hundreds of people dating to 500–600 B. C. was located at the mouth of the Miami River, in 1566 the explorer, Pedro Menéndez de Avilés, claimed it for Spain. A Spanish mission was constructed one year later in 1567, Spain and Great Britain successively controlled Florida, and Spain ceded it to the United States in 1821. In 1836, the US built Fort Dallas as part of its development of the Florida Territory and attempt to suppress, the Miami area subsequently became a site of fighting during the Second Seminole War. Miami is noted as the major city in the United States conceived by a woman, Julia Tuttle, a local citrus grower. The Miami area was known as Biscayne Bay Country in the early years of its growth. In the late 19th century, reports described the area as a promising wilderness, the area was also characterized as one of the finest building sites in Florida. The Great Freeze of 1894–95 hastened Miamis growth, as the crops of the Miami area were the ones in Florida that survived. Julia Tuttle subsequently convinced Henry Flagler, a tycoon, to expand his Florida East Coast Railway to the region
6.
Quarterback
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A quarterback is a position in American and Canadian football. Quarterbacks are members of the team and line up directly behind the offensive line. In modern American football, the quarterback is considered the leader of the offensive team. In modern American football, the quarterback is usually the leader of the offense, the quarterback touches the ball on almost every offensive play, and his successes and failures can have a significant impact on the fortunes of his team. Accordingly, the quarterback is among the most glorified and scrutinized positions in team sports, prior to each play, the quarterback will usually tell the rest of his team which play the team will run. After the team is lined up, the center will pass the ball back to the quarterback, usually on a running play, the quarterback will then hand or pitch the ball backwards to a half back or full back. On a passing play, the quarterback is almost always the responsible for trying to throw the ball downfield to an eligible receiver downfield. Depending on the scheme by his team, the quarterbacks role can vary. While quarterbacks in Canadian football need to be able to throw the ball often, in the NFL, quarterbacks are required to wear a uniform number between 1 and 19. In the CFL, the quarterback can wear any number from 0 to 49 and 70 to 99. Because of their numbering, quarterbacks are eligible receivers in the NCAA, NFHS, after a Super Bowl victory, the starting quarterback is the first player to be presented with the Vince Lombardi Trophy. The starting quarterback of the victorious Super Bowl team is chosen for the Im going to Disney World. Campaign, whether they are the Super Bowl MVP or not, examples include Joe Montana, Trent Dilfer, Dilfer was chosen even though teammate Ray Lewis was the MVP of Super Bowl XXXV, due to the bad publicity from Lewis murder trial the prior year. In addition to their role, quarterbacks are occasionally used in other roles. Most teams utilize a backup quarterback as their holder on placekicks, in the Wildcat, a formation where a halfback lines up behind the center and the quarterback lines up out wide, the quarterback can be used as a receiving target or a blocker. A more rare use for a quarterback is to punt the ball himself, Denver Broncos quarterback John Elway was known to perform quick kicks occasionally, typically when the Broncos were facing a third-and-long situation. As Roger Staubachs back-up, Dallas Cowboys quarterback Danny White was also the teams punter, ascending the starting role upon Staubachs retirement, White held his position as the teams punter for several seasons—a double duty he performed to All-American standard at Arizona State University. White also had two touchdown receptions as a Dallas Cowboy, both from the halfback option, if quarterbacks are uncomfortable with the formation the defense is using, they may call an audible change to their play
7.
Brett Favre
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Brett Lorenzo Favre is a former American football quarterback who spent the majority of his career with the Green Bay Packers of the National Football League. He was a 20-year veteran of the NFL, having played quarterback for the Atlanta Falcons, Green Bay Packers, New York Jets, and Minnesota Vikings. Favre was the first quarterback in NFL history to pass for 500 touchdowns, throw for over 70,000 yards, over 6,000 completions, and over 10,000 pass attempts. Favre started at the position for the University of Southern Mississippi for four years before being selected in the second round of the 1991 NFL Draft by Atlanta. He was traded to Green Bay on February 10,1992, Favre became the Packers starting quarterback in the fourth game of the 1992 season, stepping in for injured quarterback Don Majkowski, and started every game through the 2007 season. He was traded to the New York Jets and started at quarterback for the 2008 season before signing with the Vikings on August 18,2009 as their starting quarterback and he made an NFL record 297 consecutive starts. He is the player to win the AP NFL Most Valuable Player Award three consecutive times, and is one of only six quarterbacks to have won the award as well as the Super Bowl in the same season. He has led teams to eight division championships, five NFC Championship Games and he holds many NFL records, including most career pass completions, most career pass attempts, most career interceptions thrown, most consecutive starts by a player, most sacked, and most fumbles. At the time of his retirement, he was the NFLs all-time leader in passing yards and passing touchdowns and he is also referred to by his nickname The Gunslinger. Favre was inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 2016, Favre was born in Gulfport, Mississippi, the son of Bonita Ann and Irvin Ernest Favre, and raised in the small town of Kiln. Both his parents were schoolteachers in the Hancock County School District and he is of part French ancestry. He was the second of four children and attended Hancock North Central High School, Favre started for the Hancock North Central baseball team as an eighth-grader and earned five varsity letters. Irvin Favre said he knew his son had a great arm, as a result, in the three years Brett was on the team, his father ran the wishbone, a run-oriented offense. Favre rarely threw more than five passes in a game, after high school, Southern Mississippi offered Favre a football scholarship, which was the only one he received. Southern Miss wanted him to defensive back, but Favre wanted to play quarterback instead. Favre began his year as the seventh-string quarterback and took over the starting position in the second half of the third game of the year against Tulane on September 19,1987. Favre, despite suffering a hangover from the night before and vomiting during warm-ups, Favre started ten games during his freshman year and won six of them. In his junior season, Favre led the Golden Eagles to an upset of Florida State on September 2,1989, Favre capped a six-and-a-half-minute drive with the game-winning touchdown pass with 23 seconds remaining
8.
Sarah Silverman
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Sarah Kate Silverman is an American stand-up comedian, actress, producer, and writer. Her comedy addresses social taboos and controversial topics, such as racism, sexism, for her work on television, she won two Primetime Emmy Awards. She released an autobiography The Bedwetter in 2010 and she also appeared in other television programs, such as Mr. Show and V. I. P. and starred in films, including Whos the Caboose. School of Rock, Wreck-It Ralph, and A Million Ways to Die in the West, in 2015, she starred in the drama I Smile Back, for which she was nominated for a Screen Actors Guild Award for Outstanding Performance by a Female Actor in a Leading Role. Silverman was born in Bedford, New Hampshire, to Beth Ann and she was raised in Manchester, New Hampshire. Silvermans parents divorced and later remarried others, Silverman is the youngest of five siblings. Her sisters are Rabbi Susan Silverman, screenwriter Jodyne Silverman, and actress Laura Silverman, born into a Jewish family, she considers herself secular and non-religious. She was in attendance when women lit menorahs at the Western Wall for the first time in December 2014 and her ancestors were from Poland and Russia. The first time Silverman performed stand-up comedy was in Boston at age 17 and she described her performance as awful. After graduating from The Derryfield School in Manchester, she attended New York University for a year, instead, she performed stand-up comedy in Greenwich Village. After beginning her stand-up comedy in 1992, Silverman was part of the 1993–94 season of Saturday Night Live for 18 weeks as a writer and featured player. Bob Odenkirk, a former SNL writer, explained, I could see how it wouldnt work at SNL because shes got her own voice and she can play a character but she doesnt disappear into the character—she makes the character her. She has stated that she was not ready for SNL when she got the job, later, she was grateful that her SNL time was short because it didnt end up defining her. She appeared in three episodes of Larry Sanders during its two seasons. She also starred in the HBO sketch comedy series Mr. Show and had the role for the 1997 independent film Whos the Caboose. Silverman and Seder later made a television series sequel entitled Pilot Season in which Silverman stars as the same character and Seder again directed. She made her standup comedy debut on the Late Show with David Letterman in July 2007. In 2005, Silverman released a film, Sarah Silverman, Jesus Is Magic
9.
Strip club
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Strip clubs are venues that regularly provide adult entertainment, predominantly in the form of striptease or other erotic or exotic dances. Strip clubs typically adopt a nightclub or bar style, and can adopt a theatre or cabaret-style. As of 2005, the size of the strip club industry was estimated to be US$75 billion. In 2002, the size of the U. S. strip club industry was estimated to be US$3.1 billion, profitability of strip clubs, as with other service-oriented businesses, is largely driven by location and customer spending habits. The popularity of a club is an indicator of its quality. The strip club as an outlet for salacious entertainment is a recurrent theme in popular culture, in some media, these clubs are portrayed primarily as gathering places of vice and ill repute. Clubs themselves and various aspects of the business are highlighted in these references, popular Internet sites for strip club enthusiasts also have lists calculated from the inputs of site visitors. Strip clubs are frequent targets of litigation around the world, and the sex industry, some clubs have been linked to organized crime. The term striptease was first recorded in 1938, though stripping, in the sense of women removing clothing to sexually excite men, for example, in Thomas Otways comedy The Soldiers Fortune a character says, Be sure they be lewd, drunken, stripping whores. Its combination with music seems to be as old, the erotic dance of the bee, performed by a woman known as Kuchuk Hanem, was witnessed and described by the French novelist Gustave Flaubert. In this dance the performer disrobes as she searches for an imaginary bee trapped within her garments and it is likely that the women performing these dances did not do so in an indigenous context, but rather, responded to the commercial climate for this type of entertainment. In France during the late 19th century, Parisian shows such as the Moulin Rouge and Folies Bergère were featuring attractive, scantily clad, dancing women and tableaux vivants. This routine, Le coucher dYvette, inspired French acts in theaters and brothels in other parts of the world, the first public act of striptease in modern times is credited to Parisian theater in 1894. In 1905, Dutch dancer Mata Hari, later shot as a spy by the French authorities during World War I, was a success from the debut of her act at the Musée Guimet. The most celebrated segment of her act was her progressive shedding of clothing until she wore just a jeweled bra and some ornaments over her arms and head. Another landmark performance was the appearance at the Moulin Rouge in 1907 of an actress called Germaine Aymos who entered dressed only in three very small shells. In the 1930s, the famous Josephine Baker danced semi-nude in the danse sauvage at the Folies and these shows were notable for their sophisticated choreography and for often dressing the girls in glitzy sequins and feathers. By the 1960s fully nude shows were provided at such places as Le Crazy Horse Saloon, in Britain in the 1930s, Laura Henderson began presenting nude shows at the Windmill Theatre in London
10.
Owen Wilson
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Owen Cunningham Wilson is an American actor, producer and screenwriter. His older brother Andrew and younger brother Luke are also actors and he starred with Ben Stiller in numerous films, and is known for his roles in Frat Pack comedies. Wilson was born in Dallas, Texas to photographer Laura Wilson and Robert Andrew Wilson and his parents, originally from Massachusetts, are of Irish descent. Wilson attended New Mexico Military Institute and the University of Texas at Austin, Wilson then landed a role in The Cable Guy, directed by Ben Stiller, an early admirer of Bottle Rocket. Wilson starred in the 2000 comedy action film Shanghai Noon, with Jackie Chan, the film grossed nearly US$100 million worldwide. His fame continued to rise after starring alongside Ben Stiller and Will Ferrell in the 2001 film Zoolander, gene Hackman reportedly took notice of Wilsons performance in Shanghai Noon and recommended the actor to co-star in the 2001 action film Behind Enemy Lines. Also in 2001, Wilson and Anderson collaborated on their film, The Royal Tenenbaums. The film earned the team an Academy Award nomination for Best Original Screenplay. Wilson returned to the genre in 2002 with the action comedy I Spy. This big-screen remake of the series did not perform well at the box office. He made a appearance in the Girl Skateboards video Yeah Right. He then reunited with Jackie Chan to make Shanghai Knights, due to his busy schedule as an actor and an ongoing sinus condition, Wilson was unavailable to collaborate on the script for Wes Andersons fourth feature film, The Life Aquatic with Steve Zissou. The 2004 film was ultimately co-written by filmmaker Noah Baumbach, however, Wilson did star in the film as Bill Murrays would-be son, Ned Plimpton, a role written specifically for Wilson. In 2004, he and his brother, Luke played the Wright brothers in the 2004 film Around the World in 80 Days, Wilson partnered with Vince Vaughn in the 2005 comedy film Wedding Crashers, which grossed over US$200M in the U. S. alone. Also in 2005, Owen collaborated with his brothers by appearing in The Wendell Baker Story, written by brother Luke, directed by Luke and brother Andrew. In the 2006 Disney/Pixar film Cars, Wilson voiced Lightning McQueen, starred in You, Me and Dupree with Kate Hudson, Wilson next starred in the Judd Apatow comedy, Drillbit Taylor, released in March 2008. He appeared in an adaptation of John Grogans best-selling memoir, Marley & Me. He also starred in The Darjeeling Limited with Adrien Brody and Jason Schwartzman and he provided the voice for the Whackbat Coach Skip in Wes Andersons Fantastic Mr. Fox
11.
National Football League
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The National Football League is a professional American football league consisting of 32 teams, divided equally between the National Football Conference and the American Football Conference. The NFL is one of the four professional sports leagues in North America. The NFLs 17-week regular season runs from the week after Labor Day to the week after Christmas, with each team playing 16 games, the NFL was formed in 1920 as the American Professional Football Association before renaming itself the National Football League for the 1922 season. The NFL agreed to merge with the American Football League in 1966, and the first Super Bowl was held at the end of that season, the merger was completed in 1970. Today, the NFL has the highest average attendance of any sports league in the world and is the most popular sports league in the United States. S. The NFLs executive officer is the commissioner, who has authority in governing the league. The team with the most NFL championships is the Green Bay Packers with thirteen, the current NFL champions are the New England Patriots, who defeated the Atlanta Falcons 34–28 in Super Bowl LI. Another meeting held on September 17,1920 resulted in the renaming of the league to the American Professional Football Association, the league hired Jim Thorpe as its first president, and consisted of 14 teams. Only two of these teams, the Decatur Staleys and the Chicago Cardinals, remain, the first event occurred on September 26,1920 when the Rock Island Independents defeated the non-league St. Paul Ideals 48–0 at Douglas Park. On October 3,1920, the first full week of league play occurred, the following season resulted in the Chicago Staleys controversially winning the title over the Buffalo All-Americans. In 1922, the APFA changed its name to the National Football League, in 1932, the season ended with the Chicago Bears and the Portsmouth Spartans tied for first in the league standings. This method had used since the leagues creation in 1920. The league quickly determined that a game between Chicago and Portsmouth was needed to decide the leagues champion. Playing with altered rules to accommodate the playing field, the Bears won the game 9–0. Fan interest in the de facto championship game led the NFL, beginning in 1933, the 1934 season also marked the first of 12 seasons in which African Americans were absent from the league. The de facto ban was rescinded in 1946, following public pressure, the NFL was always the foremost professional football league in the United States, it nevertheless faced a large number of rival professional leagues through the 1930s and 1940s. Rival leagues included at least three separate American Football Leagues and the All-America Football Conference, on top of regional leagues of varying caliber. Three NFL teams trace their histories to these leagues, including the Los Angeles Rams
