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History
Third Punic War
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The Third Punic War was the third and last of the Punic Wars fought between Carthage and Rome. The war was fought entirely within Carthaginian territory, in what is now northern Tunisia. When the Second Punic War ended in 201 BC one of the terms of the peace treaty prohibited Carthage from waging war without Rome's permission. Rome's ally, King Masinissa of Numidia, exploited this to repeatedly raid and seize Carthaginian territory with impunity. In 149 BC Carthage sent an army, under Hasdrubal, against Masinissa, the treaty notwithstanding. The campaign ended in disaster as the Battle of Oroscopa ended with a Carthaginian defeat and the surrender of the Carthaginian army. Anti-Carthaginian factions in Rome used the illicit military action as a pretext to prepare a punitive expedition.
A silver double shekel from Carthage's last minting of coins before its destruction.
A silver double shekel from Carthage's last minting of coins before its destruction.
Catapulta by Edward Poynter, 1868; modern depiction of a Roman siege engine during the siege of Carthage
Catapulta by Edward Poynter, 1868; modern depiction of a Roman siege engine during the siege of Carthage
Arrowheads, remains of a dagger and stones for slingshots exhibited at the National Museum of Carthage
Arrowheads, remains of a dagger and stones for slingshots exhibited at the National Museum of Carthage
A World War II United States Army Air Forces aerial reconnaissance photograph of the remains of the naval base of the city of Carthage. The remains of
A World War II United States Army Air Forces aerial reconnaissance photograph of the remains of the naval base of the city of Carthage. The remains of the mercantile harbour are in the centre and those of the military harbour are bottom right. (North is to the bottom-right)
Punic Wars
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The Punic Wars were a series of wars between 264 and 146 BC fought between the Roman Republic and Ancient Carthage. Three wars took place, on both land and sea, across the western Mediterranean region and involved a total of forty-three years of warfare. The Punic Wars are also considered to include the four-year-long revolt against Carthage which started in 241 BC. Each war involved immense materiel and human losses on both sides.
Polybius, the historian whose work "The Histories" provides critical insight on the Punic Wars
Polybius, the historian whose work "The Histories" provides critical insight on the Punic Wars
Detail from the Ahenobarbus relief showing two Roman foot-soldiers from the second century BC
Detail from the Ahenobarbus relief showing two Roman foot-soldiers from the second century BC
Roman statuette of a war elephant recovered from Herculaneum
Roman statuette of a war elephant recovered from Herculaneum
Territory ceded to Rome by Carthage under the treaty is shown in pink
Territory ceded to Rome by Carthage under the treaty is shown in pink