1.
Tito Jackson (politician)
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Tito Jackson is an American politician who is as a member of the Boston City Council. He represents council District 7, which consists of the Roxbury neighborhood and parts of Dorchester, South End, Jackson was born on April 11,1975, to a young teenager who had been sexually assaulted and adopted by his current parents after months in foster care. Jackson grew up in Roxbury’s Grove Hall neighborhood, the son of Rosa and Herb Jackson, Jackson attended Brookline High School and later graduated from the University of New Hampshire with a Bachelor of Arts degree in History. On campus, he was Student Body President and he is also a graduate of the Dunk The Vote Leadership Institute Initiative for Diversity. Jackson spent more than 10 years as a sales and marketing professional, in 2007, Councillor Jackson became the Industry Director for Information Technology in Governor Deval Patrick’s Executive Office of Housing and Economic Development. Later, Councillor Jackson became the Political Director on Governor Patrick’s successful re-election campaign in 2010, in 2009, Jackson was an At-Large candidate. Jackson ran in the 2011 special election to succeed Chuck Turner and he finished first out of seven candidates in the preliminary election and defeated Cornell Mills, the son of former State Senator Dianne Wilkerson, 82%-16%. Councillor Jackson is the Chair of the Committee on Education, Councillor Jackson also serves as the Vice Chair of the Committee on Healthy Women, Families and Communities. In January 2017, Jackson, a Democrat, announced he would run for Mayor of the City of Boston in the 2017 mayoral election against the incumbent, tito Jackson for Mayor of Boston website
2.
Gary, Indiana
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Gary is a city in Lake County, Indiana, United States,25 miles from downtown Chicago, Illinois. The population of Gary was 80,294 at the 2010 census, from the middle of the twentieth century to the present, Gary has experienced drastic population loss, falling by 55 percent from its peak of 178,320 in 1960. Gary is adjacent to the Indiana Dunes National Lakeshore and borders Lake Michigan, the city is known for its large steel mills, and for being the birthplace of The Jackson 5 music group. Gary, Indiana, was founded in 1906 by the United States Steel Corporation as the home for its new plant, the city was named after lawyer Elbert Henry Gary, who was the founding chairman of the United States Steel Corporation. Gary was the site of civil unrest in the Steel Strike of 1919, on October 4,1919, a riot broke out on Broadway, the main north-south street through downtown Gary, between striking steel workers and strike breakers brought in from outside. Three days later, Indiana governor James P. Goodrich declared martial law, shortly thereafter, over 4,000 federal troops under the command of Major General Leonard Wood arrived to restore order. The jobs offered by the industry provided Gary with very rapid growth. At that time,19. 3% of the population was classified as foreign-born, Gary was also becoming increasingly racially diverse, with 17. 8% of the population classified as black, and 3. 5% as Mexican. Garys fortunes have risen and fallen with those of the steel industry, the growth of the steel industry brought prosperity to the community. Broadway was known as a center for the region. Department stores and architecturally significant movie houses were built in the downtown area, in the 1960s, like many other American urban centers reliant on one particular industry, Gary entered a spiral of decline. Garys decline was brought on by the growing overseas competitiveness in the steel industry, the U. S. Steel Gary Works employed over 30,000 in 1970, declined to just 6,000 by 1990, and further declined to 5,100 in August of 2015. As the city declined, crime increased, rapid racial change occurred in Gary during the late 20th century. Non-whites were primarily restricted to live in the Midtown section just south of downtown, Gary had one of the nations first African-American mayors, Richard G. Hatcher, and hosted the ground-breaking 1972 National Black Political Convention. Since the 1930s, Gary had developed a reputation as a city due to rampant political corruption, racial violence & segregation, labor unrest. In the 1960s through the 1980s, surrounding localities such as Merrillville and Crown Point experienced rapid growth, including new homes. Owing to white flight, economic distress, and a perception of skyrocketing crime, many middle-class, in the late 1990s and early 2000s, Gary had the highest percentage of African-Americans of U. S. cities with a population of 100,000 or more, 84%. This no longer applies to Gary since the population of the city has now fallen well below 100,000 residents, as of 2013, the Gary Department of Redevelopment has estimated that one-third of all homes in the city are unoccupied and/or abandoned
3.
3T
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3T is an American R&B/pop music group featuring the three sons of Tito Jackson and Delores Dee Dee Jackson. The band members include, from eldest, Toriano Adaryll Jackson, Jr. Taryll Adren Jackson, 3T released their debut album Brotherhood in 1995. The album sold three million copies worldwide. The group achieved a hit with their debut single Anything. 3T released several hit singles in Europe, including 24/7, Why, I Need You, Tease Me, in 1996, they were ranked second behind the Spice Girls, as the biggest-selling group in Europe. 3T have also written and produced songs for soundtracks to such as The Jacksons, An American Dream, Free Willy, Free Willy 2, The Adventure Home, Men in Black. Taryll and TJ have written/produced tracks for their aunt Janet Jackson as well as for Lindsay Lohan, after signing with the French label TF1/NRJ in 2003, 3T continued to perform in France, the Netherlands and Belgium. The group signed with the Dutch label Digidance in 2004 for Dutch releases, appearances and performances, the album titled Identity was released on March 23,2004. Two singles were released, Stuck On You was released in 2003 in France and Belgium and in 2004 in the Netherlands, neither single was released outside of Europe. In 2008, 3T made Identity available on both iTunes and amazon. com worldwide, the brothers appeared on the show This Is David Gest in 2007, including recording the theme tune Crazy Kinda Guy. The show began on April 22,2007, during the summer of 2008, the Jackson family stayed at a holiday let for six weeks in Appledore, Devon, England while searching for a house to buy in the area. The project was filmed for a Channel 4 documentary called The Jacksons are Coming, Taj and TJ appear with their father, but Taryll did not join them on the trip. All three of them appeared on the A&E TV show entitled The Jacksons, A Family Dynasty and they appear with their father Tito, who is trying to convince them to relaunch their career. On February 1,2010, all 3 brothers then appeared in the remake of We Are The World, however, they did not sing main parts of the song, only in the background. Currently, Taj is working on the Code Z zombie series, TJ was selected to play the role of Prince Jean-Luc in the new stage version of Larry Harts musical Sisterella that was scheduled to premiere in the fall of 2011. Taryll is working on his first solo album that he hopes will make his family, on October 8,2011, 3T performed at the Michael Forever – The Tribute Concert held at the Millennium Stadium in Cardiff. They performed The Jacksons track Heartbreak Hotel followed by their own number 2 hit single Why, at the end of the performance of Why, all 3 brothers broke down into tears. On his birthday, August 8,2012, Taryll released the single Best of All Time, the single is taken from his second EP, Undeniable which was released on August 29,2012 in honor of Michael
4.
Tito Joe Jackson
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For the Boston City Council member, see Tito Jackson Tito Joe TJ Jackson is an American singer and member of 3T. He is youngest son of Tito Jackson, 3T released their debut album Brotherhood in 1995. The album sold three million copies worldwide. The group achieved a hit with their debut single Anything. 3T released several hit singles in Europe, including 24/7, Why, I Need You, Tease Me, in 1996, they were ranked second behind the Spice Girls, as the biggest-selling group in Europe. 3T have also written and produced songs for soundtracks to such as The Jacksons, An American Dream, Free Willy, Free Willy 2, The Adventure Home, Men in Black. Taryll and TJ have written/produced tracks for their aunt Janet Jackson as well as for Lindsay Lohan, over 20 songs were recorded for the album and only 12 would have been on it. 3T completed the album in-between Brotherhood and Identity, the album however was never released by Sony, due to strained relationships between Michael Jackson and Sony. This album is considered by fans to be The Lost Album. After signing with the French label TF1/NRJ in 2003, 3T continued to perform in France, the group signed with the Dutch label Digidance in 2004 for Dutch releases, appearances and performances. The album titled Identity was released on March 23,2004, two singles were released, Stuck On You was released in 2003 in France and Belgium and in 2004 in the Netherlands, and Sex Appeal in 2004. Neither single was released outside of Europe, in 2008, 3T made Identity available on both iTunes and amazon. com worldwide. The brothers appeared on the show This Is David Gest in 2007, the show began on April 22,2007. During the summer of 2008, the Jackson family stayed at a holiday let for six weeks in Appledore, Devon, the project was filmed for a Channel 4 documentary called The Jacksons are Coming, which was aired in 2008. Taj and TJ appear with their father, but Taryll did not join them on the trip, all three of them appeared on the A&E TV show entitled The Jacksons, A Family Dynasty. They appear with their father Tito, who is trying to convince them to relaunch their career, on February 1,2010, all 3 brothers then appeared in the remake of We Are The World, this time in aid of the Haiti Appeal. However, they did not sing main parts of the song, currently, Taj is working on the Code Z zombie series and a science fiction project called Clone 3. TJ was selected to play the role of Prince Jean-Luc in the new version of Larry Harts musical Sisterella that was scheduled to premiere in the fall of 2011
5.
Joe Jackson (manager)
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Joseph Walter Joe Jackson is a talent manager and is the patriarch of the Jackson family of entertainers which includes the artists Janet Jackson and Michael Jackson. Jackson was the eldest of five children, which included brothers Lawrence and Luther and sisters Lula Mae, Jackson is of African and distant Native American ancestry. Joe Jackson recalled from childhood that his father was domineering and strict. When he was 18, after his father remarried, he moved to East Chicago to live with his mother and he soon got a job in East Chicago at Inland Steel Company, but did not finish high school. While in East Chicago, he began to pursue his dreams of becoming a boxer, Joseph and Katherine were married on November 5,1949. In January 1950, they purchased a small two-bedroom home next to East Chicago in Gary, the Jacksons first child, Maureen Reillette Rebbie Jackson, was born four months later on May 29,1950, in the Jackson house. In the meantime, his wife Katherine tended to their growing family, the Jacksons would go on to have ten children. During the early 1950s, Jackson briefly performed with his own blues band The Falcons, despite their efforts, The Falcons did not get a recording deal and subsequently broke up after one of their members, Thornton Pookie Hudson, founded his own band in 1952. That band would go on to become a successful doo-wop group named The Spaniels, Jackson began working with his sons musical group in the early 1960s, first working with his three eldest sons, Jackie, Tito and Jermaine. Younger sons Marlon and Michael eventually joined the backing band, Joseph began enforcing long and intense rehearsals for his sons. At first, the group went under The Jackson Brothers, following the inclusions of Marlon and Michael in the group and Michaels increased vocal presence within the group, their name was changed to the The Jackson Five. On November 21,1967, The Jackson Five were signed by Jackson to their first professional contract with Gordon Keith, an owner and the first president of Steeltown Records in Gary, Indiana. The groups first single Big Boy, with Michael as the singer, was released by Keith on January 31,1968 on the Steeltown label. Big Boy became a hit and Michael and his brothers became local celebrities when. Within the year, Jackson helped to land his sons an audition for Motown Records in Detroit, the Jackson Five were signed with Motown in March 1969. Jackson later relocated his family to California and supervised every recording session the group made for Motown, Joseph had also opened his own record label, Ivory Tower International Records and signed artists under his management in which they toured internationally with The Jackson 5 as opening acts in 1974. In 1978, Josephs youngest son, Randy, released his solo single How Can I Be Sure under Josephs record label, in 1982, Joseph established Janet Jacksons career at age 16 as a recording artist while managing her. He financed the recording of his daughters first demo then, arranged her a contract with A&M Records and began recording her debut album
6.
Pop music
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Pop music is a genre of popular music that originated in its modern form in the United States and United Kingdom during the mid 1950s. The terms popular music and pop music are used interchangeably, although the former describes all music that is popular. Pop and rock were synonymous terms until the late 1960s, when they were used in opposition from each other. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music. Pop music is eclectic, and often borrows elements from other such as urban, dance, rock, Latin. Identifying factors include generally short to medium-length songs written in a format, as well as the common use of repeated choruses, melodic tunes. David Hatch and Stephen Millward define pop music as a body of music which is distinguishable from popular, jazz, according to Pete Seeger, pop music is professional music which draws upon both folk music and fine arts music. Although pop music is seen as just the singles charts, it is not the sum of all chart music, the music charts contain songs from a variety of sources, including classical, jazz, rock, and novelty songs. Pop music, as a genre, is seen as existing and developing separately, pop music continuously evolves along with the terms definition. The term pop song was first recorded as being used in 1926, Hatch and Millward indicate that many events in the history of recording in the 1920s can be seen as the birth of the modern pop music industry, including in country, blues and hillbilly music. The Oxford Dictionary of Music states that while pops earlier meaning meant concerts appealing to a wide audience. Since the late 1950s, however, pop has had the meaning of non-classical mus, usually in the form of songs, performed by such artists as the Beatles. Grove Music Online also states that, in the early 1960s pop music competed terminologically with beat music, while in the USA its coverage overlapped with that of rock and roll. From about 1967, the term was used in opposition to the term rock music. Whereas rock aspired to authenticity and an expansion of the possibilities of music, pop was more commercial, ephemeral. It is not driven by any significant ambition except profit and commercial reward, and, in musical terms, it is essentially conservative. It is, provided from on high rather than being made from below, pop is not a do-it-yourself music but is professionally produced and packaged. The beat and the melodies tend to be simple, with limited harmonic accompaniment, the lyrics of modern pop songs typically focus on simple themes – often love and romantic relationships – although there are notable exceptions
7.
Contemporary R&B
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Contemporary R&B, also known as simply R&B, is a music genre that combines elements of rhythm and blues, soul, funk, pop, hip hop and dance. The genre features a record production style, drum machine-backed rhythms, an occasional saxophone-laced beat to give a jazz feel. Electronic influences are becoming a trend and the use of hip hop or dance-inspired beats are typical, although the roughness. Contemporary R&B vocalists are often known for their use of melisma, popularized by such as Michael Jackson, R. Kelly, Craig David, Stevie Wonder, Whitney Houston. That same year, Teddy Riley began producing R&B recordings that included hip hop influences and this combination of R&B style and hip hop rhythms was termed new jack swing and was applied to artists such as Bobby Brown, Keith Sweat, Al B. Guy, Jodeci and Bell Biv DeVoe, the style became less popular by the end of the 1990s, but later experienced a resurgence. In 1990 Mariah Carey released Vision of Love as her debut single and it was immensely popular peaking at number 1 in many worldwide charts including the Billboard Hot 100, and it propelled Mariahs carrier. The song is said to have popularized the use of melisma. During the mid-1990s, Whitney Houstons The Bodyguard, Original Soundtrack Album sold over 40 million copies becoming the best-selling soundtrack of all time. Janet Jacksons self-titled fifth studio album janet. which came after her historic multimillion-dollar contract with Virgin Records, sold over twenty million copies worldwide. Boyz II Men and Mariah Carey recorded several Billboard Hot 100 No.1 hits, including One Sweet Day, Carey also released a remix of her 1995 single Fantasy, with Ol Dirty Bastard as a feature, a collaboration format that was unheard of at this point. Carey, Boyz II Men and TLC released albums in 1994 and 1995—Daydream, II and CrazySexyCool. In the late 1990s, neo soul, which added 1970s soul influences to the hip hop soul blend, arose, led by such as DAngelo, Erykah Badu. Hill and Missy Elliott further blurred the line between R&B and hip hop by recording both styles, beginning in 1995, the Grammy Awards enacted the Grammy Award for Best R&B Album, with II by Boyz II Men becoming the first recipient. The award was received by TLC for CrazySexyCool in 1996, Tony Rich for Words in 1997, Erykah Badu for Baduizm in 1998. At the end of 1999, Billboard magazine ranked Mariah Carey and Janet Jackson as the first, simultaneously, in the second half of the 1990s, The Neptunes and Timbaland set influential precedence on contemporary R&B and hip hop music. R&B acts such as Michael Jackson, Whitney Houston, Janet Jackson, Mariah Carey, Usher, in 2001, Alicia Keys released Fallin as her debut single. It peaking at one on the Billboard Hot 100, Mainstream Top 40
8.
Soul music
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Soul music is a popular music genre that originated in the United States in the late 1950s and early 1960s. It combines elements of African-American gospel music, rhythm and blues, Soul music became popular for dancing and listening in the United States, where record labels such as Motown, Atlantic and Stax were influential during the Civil Rights Movement. Soul also became popular around the world, directly influencing rock music, catchy rhythms, stressed by handclaps and extemporaneous body moves, are an important feature of soul music. Other characteristics are a call and response between the lead vocalist and the chorus and a tense vocal sound. The style also occasionally uses improvisational additions, twirls and auxiliary sounds, Soul music reflected the African-American identity and it stressed the importance of an African-American culture. The new-found African-American consciousness led to new styles of music, which boasted pride in being black, Soul music dominated the U. S. R&B chart in the 1960s, and many recordings crossed over into the pop charts in the U. S. By 1968, the music genre had begun to splinter. Some soul artists developed funk music, while other singers and groups developed slicker, more sophisticated, by the early 1970s, soul music had been influenced by psychedelic rock and other genres, leading to psychedelic soul. The United States saw the development of neo soul around 1994, there are also several other subgenres and offshoots of soul music. The term soul had been used among African-American musicians to emphasize the feeling of being an African-American in the United States, according to another source, Soul music was the result of the urbanization and commercialization of rhythm and blues in the 60s. The phrase soul music itself, referring to music with secular lyrics, is first attested in 1961. The term soul in African-American parlance has connotations of African-American pride, gospel groups in the 1940s and 1950s occasionally used the term as part of their name. The jazz style that derived from gospel came to be called soul jazz, important innovators whose recordings in the 1950s contributed to the emergence of soul music included Clyde McPhatter, Hank Ballard, and Etta James. Ray Charles is often cited as popularizing the genre with his string of hits starting with 1954s I Got a Woman. Singer Bobby Womack said, Ray was the genius and he turned the world onto soul music. Charles was open in acknowledging the influence of Pilgrim Travelers vocalist Jesse Whitaker on his singing style, little Richard and James Brown were equally influential. Sam Cooke and Jackie Wilson are also acknowledged as soul forefathers. Cooke became popular as the singer of gospel group The Soul Stirrers
9.
Blues
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Blues is a genre and musical form originated by African Americans in the Deep South of the United States around the end of the 19th century. The genre developed from roots in African musical traditions, African-American work songs, spirituals, Blues incorporated spirituals, work songs, field hollers, shouts, chants, and rhymed simple narrative ballads. Blue notes, usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch, are also a part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove, Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics, bass lines, and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times, Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative, often relating the troubles experienced in African-American society. Many elements, such as the format and the use of blue notes. The origins of the blues are closely related to the religious music of the Afro-American community. The first appearance of the blues is often dated to after the ending of slavery and, later and it is associated with the newly acquired freedom of the former slaves. Chroniclers began to report about blues music at the dawn of the 20th century, the first publication of blues sheet music was in 1908. Blues has since evolved from unaccompanied vocal music and oral traditions of slaves into a variety of styles and subgenres. Blues subgenres include country blues, such as Delta blues and Piedmont blues, as well as urban blues styles such as Chicago blues, World War II marked the transition from acoustic to electric blues and the progressive opening of blues music to a wider audience, especially white listeners. In the 1960s and 1970s, a form called blues rock evolved. The term blues may have come from blue devils, meaning melancholy and sadness, the phrase blue devils may also have been derived from Britain in the 1600s, when the term referred to the intense visual hallucinations that can accompany severe alcohol withdrawal. As time went on, the phrase lost the reference to devils, by the 1800s in the United States, the term blues was associated with drinking alcohol, a meaning which survives in the phrase blue law, which prohibits the sale of alcohol on Sunday. Though the use of the phrase in African-American music may be older, it has been attested to in print since 1912, in lyrics the phrase is often used to describe a depressed mood. The lyrics of traditional blues verses probably often consisted of a single line repeated four times. Two of the first published songs, Dallas Blues and Saint Louis Blues, were 12-bar blues with the AAB lyric structure. Handy wrote that he adopted this convention to avoid the monotony of lines repeated three times, the lines are often sung following a pattern closer to rhythmic talk than to a melody
10.
Epic Records
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Epic Records is an American record company owned by Sony Music Entertainment, a subsidiary of Sony Corporation of America, Inc. Epic was founded predominantly as a jazz and classical music label in 1953 and it later expanded its scope to include a more diverse range of musical genres, including pop, R&B, rock and hip hop. Historically, the label has housed popular acts such as Boston, ABBA, Michael Jackson, Celine Dion, Dave Clark Five, Gloria Estefan, Pearl Jam, Shakira, Anastacia, and Sly & the Family Stone. Along with Columbia and RCA Records, Epic is one of Sony Music Entertainments three main record labels, L. A. Reid has served as chairman and CEO of Epic since July 2011. Sylvia Rhone was appointed president in March 2014, Epic Records was launched in 1953 by Columbia Records for the purpose of marketing jazz, pop and classical music that did not fit the theme of its more mainstream Columbia Records label. Initial classical music releases were from Philips Records which distributed Columbia product in Europe, pop talent on co-owned Okeh Records were transferred to Epic which made Okeh a rhythm and blues label. Epics bright-yellow, black, and blue became a familiar trademark for many jazz. By 1960, the musical base had been expanded to include all genres. This was done in part to prevent the roster of Columbia Records from being overstuffed with newer artists, subsequently, Epic became better known for its signing of newer, fledgling acts. By the end of the 1960s, Epic earned its first gold records and had evolved into a formidable hit-making force in rock and roll, R&B and country music. Among its many acts, it included Roy Hamilton, Bobby Vinton, The Dave Clark Five, The Hollies, Tammy Wynette, Donovan, The Yardbirds, Lulu, July, Helen Shapiro and Jeff Beck. Also during the 1960s, Epic oversaw the smaller subsidiary CBS labels including Okeh Records, in 1968, Epic recordings began being distributed in the UK by CBS after the distribution deal with EMI expired that year, Epic itself launched in England around 1971. Epic was involved in a trade of artists. Graham Nash was signed to Epic because of his membership in The Hollies, when the newly formed Crosby, Stills & Nash wanted to sign with Atlantic Records, Ahmet Ertegün worked out a deal with Clive Davis whereby Richie Furays new band Poco would sign with Epic. Also contributing to the success was its distribution of Philadelphia International Records. Sony bought CBS Records in 1987, and the company was renamed Sony Music in 1991. In 2004, Sony merged with another powerhouse music distributor, BMG, bringing labels such as RCA, Arista, Columbia, Epic, Jive, in February 2009, singer and songwriter Amanda Ghost was appointed president of Epic Records. Later in the year, Sony BMG Music merged Epic and Columbias operations, Sony BMGs Legacy Recordings reissues the companys classic and catalog titles
11.
Motown
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Motown is an American record company. The record company was founded by Berry Gordy, Jr. as Tamla Records on January 12,1958, the name, a portmanteau of motor and town, has also become a nickname for Detroit. Motown played an important role in the integration of popular music as an African American-owned record label that achieved significant crossover success. In the 1960s, Motown and its subsidiary labels were the most successful proponents of what came to be known as the Motown Sound, a style of soul music with a distinct pop influence. During the 1960s, Motown achieved spectacular success for a record company,79 records in the Top Ten of the Billboard Hot 100 record chart between 1960 and 1969. The company was sold to MCA Inc. Motown was later sold to PolyGram in 1994, before being sold again to MCA Records successor, Universal Music Group, Motown spent much of the 2000s as a part of the Universal Music subsidiaries Universal Motown and Universal Motown Republic Group, and headquartered in New York City. From 2011 to 2014, Motown was a part of The Island Def Jam Music Group division of Universal Music. On April 1,2014, Universal Music Group announced the dissolution of Island Def Jam and it now operates out of the landmark Capitol Tower. For many decades, Motown was the highest-earning African American business in the United States, Berry Gordy got his start as a songwriter for local Detroit acts such as Jackie Wilson and the Matadors. Wilsons single Lonely Teardrops, written by Gordy, became a huge success and he realized that the more lucrative end of the business was in producing records and owning the publishing. In 1959, Billy Davis and Berry Gordys sisters Gwen and Anna started Anna Records, Davis and Gwen Gordy wanted Berry to be the company president, but Berry wanted to strike out on his own. On January 12,1959, he started Tamla Records, with a loan from his family. Gordy originally wanted to name the label Tammy Records, after the hit song popularized by Debbie Reynolds from the 1957 film Tammy, when he found the name was already in use, Berry decided on Tamla instead. Tamlas first release, in the Detroit area, was Marv Johnsons Come to Me in 1959 and its first hit was Barrett Strongs Money, which made it to number 2 on the Billboard R&B charts. Gordys first signed act was the Matadors, who changed their name to the Miracles. Their first release, Got a Job, was a record to the Silhouettes Get a Job. The Miracles first, minor hit was their single, 1959s Bad Girl, released in Detroit as the debut record on the Motown imprint
12.
The Jackson 5
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The Jackson 5, or Jackson Five, also known as The Jacksons in later years, was an American popular music group. Formed in 1964 under the name the Jackson Brothers, the members were elder brothers Jackie, Tito. Younger brothers Marlon and Michael would join soon after and they participated in talent shows and performed in clubs on the chitlin circuit. They entered the music scene in 1967, signing with Steeltown Records. In 1969, the group left Steeltown Records and signed with Motown, the Jackson 5 was one of the first groups of black American performers to attain a crossover following, preceded by the Supremes, the Four Tops and the Temptations. In 1983, Jermaine reunited with the band to perform on Motown 25, Yesterday, Today, Forever, after the end of their tour to promote the album, Michael and Marlon Jackson promptly left the group. The remaining four released the poorly received 2300 Jackson Street album in 1989 before being dropped from their label. Inducted to the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in 1997 and the Vocal Group Hall of Fame in 1999, following the death of Michael Jackson in 2009, the four eldest of the brothers embarked on their Unity Tour in 2012. The five Jackson brothers interest in music began in Gary, Indiana, bolstered by their father, in 1964, Joe caught Tito playing with his guitar after a string broke. Upon fixing the string, threatening punishment, Titos father had him play and was impressed enough to buy Tito his own guitar, Marlon, then seven years old, eventually joined, playing the tambourine. Johnny Jackson and Ronnie Rancifer eventually replaced Milford Hite and Reynaud Jones, during early 1968, the group also performed at strip clubs on Joes behest to earn extra income. Following initial recordings at Detroits Hitsville USA studio, Berry Gordy sent the Jacksons to Hollywood in July, hiring Suzanne de Passe to become a mentor of the brothers. Starting in August, the Jackson Five performed as the act for The Supremes. In October, their first single for Motown was released and the group promoted it while performing at the Hollywood Palace with Ross hosting, in December, the brothers made their first appearance on the Ed Sullivan Show. Afterwards, their album, Diana Ross Presents the Jackson 5, was released that same month. In January 1970, I Want You Back topped the Billboard Hot 100, led by the Corporation, the Jackson 5 released two more number-one singles, ABC and The Love You Save. All four singles were almost as popular in countries as they were in the United States. Releasing a succession of four albums in one year, the Jackson 5 replaced The Supremes as Motowns best-selling group
13.
Columbia/Epic Label Group
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Columbia/Epic Label Group was an American record label group, owned by Sony Music Entertainment. The group also comprises Aware Records, and Daylight Records, while handling the distribution of E1 Music via Epic Records. Additionally, in conjunction with Legacy Recordings, it manages the back catalogs of American Recording Company, Portrait Records. The Columbia/Epic Label Group ended the year 2010 with the largest album market share among all groups with a 10.96 share. Rob Stringer acted as the CEO/Chairman of the company, the Columbia/Epic Label Group was split in half in July 2011, when Doug Morris became the new head of Sony Music. Epic Records was separated and is now headed by L. A. Reid and this ultimately lead Columbia to being a stand-alone label under Sony Music. List of record labels Sony Music Entertainment RCA/Jive Label Group Official site Columbia Records Epic Records
14.
Jehovah's Witnesses
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Jehovahs Witnesses is a millenarian restorationist Christian denomination with nontrinitarian beliefs distinct from mainstream Christianity. The group reports a membership of more than 8.3 million adherents involved in evangelism. Jehovahs Witnesses are directed by the Governing Body of Jehovahs Witnesses, a group of elders in Warwick, New York and they prefer to use their own translation, the New World Translation of the Holy Scriptures, although their literature occasionally quotes and cites other Bible translations. The name Jehovahs witnesses was adopted in 1931 to distinguish themselves from other Bible Student groups, Jehovahs Witnesses are best known for their door-to-door preaching, distributing literature such as The Watchtower and Awake. and refusing military service and blood transfusions. They consider use of the name Jehovah vital for proper worship and they reject Trinitarianism, inherent immortality of the soul, and hellfire, which they consider to be unscriptural doctrines. They do not observe Christmas, Easter, birthdays or other holidays, adherents commonly refer to their body of beliefs as the truth and consider themselves to be in the truth. They consider secular society to be corrupt and under the influence of Satan. Congregational disciplinary actions include disfellowshipping, their term for formal expulsion, baptized individuals who formally leave are considered disassociated and are also shunned. Disfellowshipped and disassociated individuals may eventually be reinstated if deemed repentant, the religions position regarding conscientious objection to military service and refusal to salute national flags has brought it into conflict with some governments. Consequently, some Jehovahs Witnesses have been persecuted and their activities are banned or restricted in some countries, persistent legal challenges by Jehovahs Witnesses have influenced legislation related to civil rights in several countries. The organization has received criticism over issues surrounding biblical translation, doctrines, handling of abuse cases. The claims are rejected by the leaders, and some have been disputed by courts. In 1870, Charles Taze Russell and others formed a group in Pittsburgh, in 1876, Russell met Nelson H. Barbour, later that year they jointly produced the book Three Worlds, which combined restitutionist views with end time prophecy. Beginning in 1878 Russell and Barbour jointly edited a religious journal, from 1879, Watch Tower supporters gathered as autonomous congregations to study the Bible topically. Thirty congregations were founded, and during 1879 and 1880, Russell visited each to provide the format he recommended for conducting meetings, as congregations continued to form during Russells ministry, they each remained self-administrative, functioning under the congregationalist style of church governance. In 1881, Zions Watch Tower Tract Society was presided over by William Henry Conley, by about 1900, Russell had organized thousands of part- and full-time colporteurs, and was appointing foreign missionaries and establishing branch offices. By the 1910s, Russells organization maintained nearly a hundred pilgrims, Russell engaged in significant global publishing efforts during his ministry, and by 1912, he was the most distributed Christian author in the United States. He identified the movement as Bible Students, and more formally as the International Bible Students Association
15.
Michael Jackson
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Michael Joseph Jackson was an American singer, songwriter, record producer, dancer, actor, and philanthropist. Called the King of Pop, his contributions to music, dance, the eighth child of the Jackson family, Michael made his professional debut in 1964 with his elder brothers Jackie, Tito, Jermaine, and Marlon as a member of the Jackson 5. He began his career in 1971. In the early 1980s, Jackson became a dominant figure in popular music, the popularity of these videos helped bring the television channel MTV to fame. Jacksons 1987 album Bad spawned the U. S and he continued to innovate with videos such as Black or White and Scream throughout the 1990s, and forged a reputation as a touring solo artist. Through stage and video performances, Jackson popularized a number of complicated dance techniques, such as the robot and his distinctive sound and style has influenced numerous artists of various music genres. Thriller is the album of all time, with estimated sales of 65 million copies worldwide. Jacksons other albums, including Off the Wall, Bad, Dangerous and he is recognized as the Most Successful Entertainer of All Time by Guinness World Records. Jackson won hundreds of awards, making him the most awarded recording artist in the history of popular music. He became the first artist in history to have a top ten single in the Billboard Hot 100 in five different decades when Love Never Felt So Good reached number nine on May 21,2014. Jackson traveled the world attending events honoring his humanitarianism, and, in 2000, aspects of Jacksons personal life, including his changing appearance, personal relationships, and behavior, generated controversy. In 1993, he was accused of sexual abuse, but the civil case was settled out of court for an undisclosed amount. In 2005, he was tried and acquitted of child sexual abuse allegations. While preparing for his concert series, This Is It, Jackson died of acute propofol and benzodiazepine intoxication on June 25,2009. The Los Angeles County Coroner ruled his death a homicide, and his personal physician, Jacksons death triggered a global outpouring of grief, and a live broadcast of his public memorial service was viewed around the world. Forbes ranks Jackson as the dead celebrity with earnings of $825 million in 2016. Michael Joseph Jackson was born on August 29,1958 and his mother, Katherine Esther Scruse, was a devout Jehovahs Witness. She played clarinet and piano and once aspired to be a country-and-western performer, michaels father, Joseph Walter Joe Jackson, a former boxer, was a steelworker at U. S. Steel
16.
Apollo Theater
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It was the home of Showtime at the Apollo, a nationally syndicated television variety show which showcased new talent, from 1987 to 2008, encompassing 1,093 episodes. The theater, which has a capacity of 1,506, opened its doors in 1914 as Hurtig & Seamons New Burlesque Theater and it became the Apollo in 1934, when it was opened to black patrons – previously it had been a whites-only venue. In 1983, both the interior and exterior of the building were designated as New York City Landmarks, and it is estimated that 1.3 million people visit the Apollo every year. The building which became the Apollo Theater was built in 1913-14 and was designed by architect George Keister. It was originally Hurtig and Seamons New Theater, which enforced a strict Whites Only policy, the theatre was operated by noted burlesque producers Jules Hurtig and Harry Seamon, who obtained a 30-year lease. It remained in operation until 1928, when Billy Minsky took over, the song I May Be Wrong by Harry Sullivan and Harry Ruskin, written in 1929, became the theme song of the theater. During the early 1930s, the fell into disrepair and closed once more. The show ran for an engagement and was highly praised by the press. Leo Brechers Harlem Opera House was another competing venue, to improve the shows at the Apollo, Cohen hired noted talent scout John Hammond to book his shows. However, the deal fell through when Cohen died, and the end result was the merger of the Apollo with the Harlem Opera House, the Opera House became a movie theater, but the Apollo, under the ownership of Brecher and Schiffman, continued to present stage shows. Schiffman hired Clarence Robinson as in-house producer, Originally, a show presented at the Apollo was akin to a vaudeville show. As the years progressed, such variety shows were presented less often, comic acts also appeared on the Apollo stage, including those who performed in blackface, such as Butterbeans and Susie, much to the horror of the NAACP and the elite of Harlem. Gospel acts which played the Apollo include the Staple Singers, Mahalia Jackson, The Clark Sisters, Sister Rosetta Tharpe, Clara Ward and Sam Cooke with the Soul Stirrers. Performers of soul music on the Apollo stage included Ray Charles, Otis Redding and Aretha Franklin, and jazz was represented as well, by acts such as Art Blakey and Horace Silver. The theaters audience was often mixed, in the 1940s it was estimated that during the week about 40% of the audience was white, Jazz singer Anita ODay headlined for the week of September 21,1950, billed as the Jezebel of Jazz. Schiffman had first introduced a night at the Lafayette Theater, where it was known as Harlem Amateur Hour. At the Apollo, it was originally called Audition Night, but later became Amateur Night in Harlem, held every Monday evening and broadcast on the radio over WMCA, the Apollo grew to prominence during the Harlem Renaissance of the pre-World War II years. Fitzgeralds performances pulled in an audience at the Apollo and she won the opportunity to compete in one of the earliest of its Amateur Nights
17.
Big Boy (song)
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Big Boy is the debut single by the The Jackson 5 and the first song sung by Michael Jackson. Big Boy was released by Steeltown Records, a company in Gary, Indiana. After it was released, the played on radio stations in the Chicago-Gary area and was a local hit. Beginning in March 1968, Steeltown Records sold thousands of copies of Big Boy nationally through a deal with Atlantic Records. The Jackson family, however, were delighted with the outcome nonetheless, the Jackson 5 would release a second single on the Steeltown label before signing with Motown Records in Detroit, in 1969. The group played instruments on many of their Steeltown compositions, including Big Boy, the groups recordings at Steeltown Records were thought to be lost, but they were rediscovered more than 25 years later. They were remastered and released in 1995, with Big Boy as the lead single. The Jackson 5 began their career performing at talent contests, which they would often win, Keith, Steeltown Records president in 1967, signed The Jackson Five to six-month contract with him in November of that year, producing and releasing Big Boy on January 30,1968. The band recorded with their instruments and a group on the weekends. Michael Jackson sang lead vocals on the majority of the beginning with Big Boy in 1967. Big Boy was written by Eddie Silvers, a Chicago musician, according to legend, the group were paid three cents for each record sold, which was equally split among the five brothers and their drummer. The groups first single Big Boy, was backed with the B-side Youve Changed, the Jackson Five Plus Johnny would go on to perform Big Boy and other songs locally throughout the Gary and South Chicago area before moving to California in 1969. The Jackson family gathered around a radio to hear the song broadcast for the first time, Michael Jackson — who was 9 years old at the time — said of the experience, all laughed and hugged one another. The single Big Boy did not appear on any of Billboards music charts, the Jackson Five would release a second and final single through Steeltown Records — We Dont Have To Be Over 21. The two singles were to be supported by an eleven track studio album but it was never released, on July 26,1968, the group signed a contract with Motown Records. However, as the groups Steeltown contract had not yet expired, Motown Records tried to get the group out of their Steeltown contract, and ultimately succeeded with a financial settlement. The master tapes to Big Boy were thought to be lost, Brown reissued the record in 1995, on the Inverted Records label — a week before Michael Jacksons HIStory album was issued. The reissue of Big Boy was promoted with a music video
18.
I Want You Back
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I Want You Back is a 1969 song by the Jackson 5 which became a number-one hit for the band and the Motown label in early 1970. The song, along with a B-side cover of Whos Lovin You by Smokey Robinson & the Miracles, was the single used in the Jackson 5s first album. It went to one on the Soul singles chart for four weeks. I Want You Back was ranked 121st on Rolling Stones list of The 500 Greatest Songs of All Time, an unusual aspect about I Want You Back was that its main lead vocal was performed by a tween, Michael Jackson. S. A. in Detroit, Michigan. Although Gladys Knight had been the first to mention the Jacksons to Berry Gordy, and Bobby Taylor brought the Jackson brothers to Motown, Motown credited Diana Ross with discovering them. This was done not only to promote the Jackson 5, but also to help ease Ross transition into a solo career. The Jackson 5 performed I Want You Back during all of their world tours and they also performed the song on American Bandstand and the Andy Williams Show. Michael Jackson performed the song as part of the Jackson 5 Medley during all of his world tours - the Bad World Tour, the Dangerous World Tour and the HIStory World Tour. The song was to be performed at Jacksons This Is It comeback concerts in London, the song was performed live at the Michael Jackson, 30th Anniversary Special in 2001, in which Jackson reunited with his brothers on stage for the first time since 1984. It has sold six million copies worldwide, in 1999, I Want You Back was also inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame. I Want You Back ranks number 121 on Rolling Stones list of the 500 Greatest Songs of All Time and it also ranks ninth on Rolling Stones list of the 100 Greatest Pop Songs since 1963. In 2006, Pitchfork Media named it the second best song of the 1960s, a June 2009 article by The Daily Telegraph called it arguably the greatest pop record of all time. Digital Spy called the one of the most enduring pop singles of the sixties. The single has been awarded Silver certification on August 22,2014 by the British Phonographic Industry Association
19.
ABC (The Jackson 5 song)
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ABC is a 1970 number-one hit by the Jackson 5. First aired on American Bandstand on the ABC network) on February 21,1970 and it was released on February 24. ABC knocked The Beatles Let It Be off the top of the Billboard Hot 100 in 1970, Written with a similar structure and feel as the Jacksons first hit of 1970, I Want You Back. ABC was performed on television on American Bandstand, The Ed Sullivan Show, ABC is considered one of the bands signature songs. It is one of the shortest titles to hit #1, and is the first alphabetically in a list of #1 hits on the Billboard Hot 100. 50 Cent told NME that the song was the first he remembered hearing, Ive always loved MJ, so I guess it was probably a place to start music, right here. On 27 November 2016, the Grammy Hall of Fame announced its induction, walker, Louis Shelton and Don Peake Keyboards by Freddie Perren Written and produced by The Corporation, Berry Gordy, Jr
20.
The Love You Save
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The Love You Save is a 1970 number-one hit single recorded by The Jackson 5 for Motown Records. It held the spot on the soul singles chart for six weeks. The song is the third of four Jackson 5 number ones released in a row, Billboard ranked the record as the No.16 song of 1970, one slot behind the Jackson 5s ABC. The Love You Save features side vocals of Jermaine Jackson singing alongside Michael in the final Stop, the love you save may be your own, beside Marlon and Tito. The songs lyrics feature Michael and Jermaine warning a fast girl to slow down, because the love you save may be your own. The opening exclamation, Stop. and the foot stomps that complement the rhythm during the part of the song are allusions to the 1965 number-one Motown single by The Supremes. Taylor had shepherded them through their first couple of hits in L. A, the Love You Save was the second single from the second Jackson 5 album, ABC, and the Jackson 5s first two singles immediately succeeded The Beatles last two singles. When Alexander called you He said he rang your chimes, christopher discovered Youre way ahead of your times. Hanson performed the song on their 1995 demo album Boomerang with Taylor Hanson on lead vocals, the Life You Save May Be Your Own
21.
I'll Be There (The Jackson 5 song)
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Ill Be There is a soul song written by Berry Gordy, Hal Davis, Bob West, and Willie Hutch. The song was recorded by The Jackson 5 and released by Motown Records on August 28,1970 as the first single from their Third Album on the same date. Produced by the songwriters, Ill Be There was The Jackson 5s fourth number one hit in a row, Ill Be There is also notable as the most successful single released by Motown during its Detroit era. The Mariah Carey and Trey Lorenz cover was recorded during Careys appearance on MTV Unplugged in 1992, co-produced by Carey and Walter Afanasieff, Ill Be There became Careys sixth number one single in the U. S. and her biggest hit elsewhere at the time. After three upbeat bubblegum soul number one singles from the Jackson 5, Motown head Berry Gordy decided to take a risk and craft a ballad for the group. For this song, he brought in songwriters Hal Davis, Willie Hutch, and Bob West, as opposed to working with the rest of The Corporation, who had crafted the first three hits. He promises that hell always be there to comfort you, Jackson 5 lead singers Michael Jackson and his older brother Jermaine share the lead vocals on this song. Michaels ad-libbed just look over your shoulders, honey is an allusion to Reach Out Ill Be There and he was instructed by Gordy to say just look over your shoulder, but the slightly flubbed line was allowed to remain in the final mix. In his autobiography Moon Walk, Michael Jackson noted that Ill Be There was the song that solidified The Jackson 5s careers and showed audiences that the group had potential beyond bubblegum pop. Said Allmusic about the song, Rarely, if ever, had one so young sung with so much authority and grace, investing this achingly tender ballad with wisdom and understanding far beyond his years. The most successful single released by the Jackson 5, Ill Be There sold 4.2 million copies in the United States. I Heard It Through the Grapevine remained Motowns biggest-selling record with sales of over seven million copies. Ill Be There was also a one hit on the Billboard Black Singles Chart for six weeks. The singles B-side was One More Chance, a song from their second album, Ill Be There was the Jackson 5s final number one Hot 100 hit as a group. For the rest of their career as an act, Jackson 5 singles would climb no higher than number 2. Michael Jackson scored numerous number one hits as a solo artist, Ill Be There was one of the songs used in the showcase for Grease, Youre the One that I Want. Andy Williams released a version in 1971 on his album, Youve Got a Friend, kings Stand by Me, then back into Shout. The song was performed in the Jackson 5 medley during all of Michaels tours, The Bad, Dangerous, the song was performed by Michael Jackson in the 2009 film Michael Jacksons This Is It
22.
2300 Jackson Street
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2300 Jackson Street is the eighteenth and final studio album by American group The Jacksons, and their final album for record label Epic, released in the United States on May 28,1989. This is the groups first album without lead singer Michael Jackson and their final album debuted at #59 on the Billboard 200 and at #14 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, and would sell over half a million copies worldwide. For most of this album, The Jacksons consisted of Jermaine, Jackie, Randy, despite having left the group after the Victory Tour, Michael Jackson and Marlon Jackson made appearances on 2300 Jackson Street. Rebbie and Janet also sang on the track, middle sister La Toya was, at the time of this album, estranged from the family. The Jacksons co-produced four tracks with Attala Zane Giles, three songs were produced by Michael Omartian, while Maria was produced by Jermaine Jackson and it features the harmonica solo by Lee Oskar from War. The albums title and cover photograph represent the Jacksons boyhood home in Gary,2300 Jackson Street received some notice in R&B venues, but was largely ignored by pop audiences. Despite some promotion in the European market, the Jacksons did not tour to support the album, the group disbanded in early 1990, with Jermaine and Jackie returning to their solo careers. Randy formed his own group, Randy and The Gypsys, experiencing success with their self-titled album that year. Tracks 1,4 and 11 arranged and produced by Michael Omartian, track 1 recorded by David Ahlers, assisted by Pee Wee Jackson. Track 4 recorded by David Ahlers, Mike Couzzi and Mark Richman, assisted by Pee Wee Jackson, both tracks mixed by Keith Cohen. Track 2 arranged, produced and mixed by L. A. recorded by Jon Gass, assisted by Donnell Sullivan. Track 3 arranged and produced by Jermaine Jackson, mixed by Jermaine Jackson, Susan Rogers and Keith Cohen. Track 5 arranged by Teddy Riley and The Jacksons, produced by Teddy Riley, The Jacksons and Gene Griffin. Recorded by Dennis Mitchell, Jeff Lorenson, Larry Fergusson, David Ahlers and Marlon Jackson, mixed by Keith Cohen and Larry Fergusson. Tracks 6 and 8–10 arranged and produced by The Jacksons and Attala Zane Giles, recorded by Susan Rogers, David Ahlers, Robert Brown Official video
23.
Madison Square Garden
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Madison Square Garden, often called MSG or simply The Garden, is a multi-purpose indoor arena in the New York City borough of Manhattan. Located in Midtown Manhattan between 7th and 8th Avenues from 31st to 33rd Streets, it is situated atop Pennsylvania Station. The Garden is used for basketball and ice hockey, as well as boxing, concerts, ice shows, circuses, professional wrestling and other forms of sports. It is close to other midtown Manhattan landmarks, including the Empire State Building, Koreatown and it is home to the New York Rangers of the National Hockey League, the New York Knicks of the National Basketball Association, and residency to singer-songwriter Billy Joel. The Garden opened on February 11,1968, and is the oldest major sporting facility in the New York metropolitan area and it is the oldest arena in the National Hockey League and the second-oldest arena in the National Basketball Association. MSG is the fourth-busiest music arena in the world in terms of sales, behind The O2 Arena. At a total construction cost of approximately $1.1 billion and it is part of the Pennsylvania Plaza office and retail complex. Several other operating entities related to the Garden share its name, Madison Square is formed by the intersection of 5th Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in Manhattan. It was named after James Madison, fourth President of the United States, two venues called Madison Square Garden were located just northeast of the square, the first from 1879 to 1890, and the second from 1890 to 1925. The first Garden, leased to P. T. Barnum, had no roof and was inconvenient to use during inclement weather, Madison Square Garden II was designed by noted architect Stanford White. The new building was built by a syndicate which included J. P. Morgan, Andrew Carnegie, P. T. Barnum, Darius Mills, James Stillman and W. W. Astor. It was 200 feet by 485 feet, and the main hall and it had a 1, 200-seat theatre, a concert hall with a capacity of 1,500, the largest restaurant in the city and a roof garden cabaret. A third Madison Square Garden opened in a new location, on 8th Avenue between 49th and 50th Streets, from 1925 to 1968, groundbreaking on the third Madison Square Garden took place on January 9,1925. Designed by the theater architect Thomas W. Lamb, it was built at the cost of $4.75 million in 249 days by boxing promoter Tex Rickard. The arena was 200 feet by 375 feet, with seating on three levels, and a capacity of 18,496 spectators for boxing. Demolition commenced in 1968 after the opening of the current Garden and it finished up in early 1969, and the site is now where One Worldwide Plaza is located. The new structure was one of the first of its kind to be built above the platforms of a railroad station. It was an engineering feat constructed by Robert E. McKee of El Paso, public outcry over the demolition of the Pennsylvania Station structure—an outstanding example of Beaux-Arts architecture—led to the creation of the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission
24.
Detroit
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Detroit is the most populous city in the U. S. state of Michigan, the fourth-largest city in the Midwest and the largest city on the United States–Canada border. It is the seat of Wayne County, the most populous county in the state, the municipality of Detroit had a 2015 estimated population of 677,116, making it the 21st-most populous city in the United States. Roughly one-half of Michigans population lives in Metro Detroit alone, the Detroit–Windsor area, a commercial link straddling the Canada–U. S. Border, has a population of about 5.7 million. Detroit is a port on the Detroit River, a strait that connects the Great Lakes system to the Saint Lawrence Seaway. The Detroit Metropolitan Airport is among the most important hubs in the United States, the City of Detroit anchors the second-largest economic region in the Midwest, behind Chicago, and the thirteenth-largest in the United States. Detroit and its neighboring Canadian city Windsor are connected through a tunnel and various bridges, Detroit was founded on July 24,1701 by the French explorer and adventurer Antoine de la Mothe Cadillac and a party of settlers. During the 19th century, it became an important industrial hub at the center of the Great Lakes region, with expansion of the American automobile industry in the early 20th century, the Detroit area emerged as a significant metropolitan region within the United States. The city became the fourth-largest in the country for a period, in the 1950s and 1960s, suburban expansion continued with construction of a regional freeway system. A great portion of Detroits public transport was abandoned in favour of becoming a city in the post-war period. Due to industrial restructuring and loss of jobs in the auto industry, between 2000 and 2010 the citys population fell by 25 percent, changing its ranking from the nations 10th-largest city to 18th. In 2010, the city had a population of 713,777 and this resulted from suburbanization, corruption, industrial restructuring and the decline of Detroits auto industry. In 2013, the state of Michigan declared an emergency for the city. Detroit has experienced urban decay as its population and jobs have shifted to its suburbs or elsewhere, conservation efforts managed to save many architectural pieces since the 2000s and allowed several large-scale revitalisations. More recently, the population of Downtown Detroit, Midtown Detroit, paleo-Indian people inhabited areas near Detroit as early as 11,000 years ago. In the 17th century, the region was inhabited by Huron, Odawa, Potawatomi, for the next hundred years, virtually no British, colonist, or French action was contemplated without consultation with, or consideration of the Iroquois likely response. When the French and Indian War evicted the Kingdom of France from Canada, the 1798 raids and resultant 1799 decisive Sullivan Expedition reopened the Ohio Country to westward emigration, which began almost immediately, and by 1800 white settlers were pouring westwards. By 1773, the population of Detroit was 1,400, by 1778, its population was up to 2,144 and it was the third-largest city in the Province of Quebec
25.
Angelo Earl
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Angelo Earl is an American guitarist, record producer, songwriter and owner of Soul Street Records. Recently, Earl appeared on episodes of The Jacksons, A Family Dynasty on A&E. Earls musical career has spanned over 20 years, Angelo Earl began his professional career in 1975 with guitar tracks recorded on Yaniques album Lovin You. Earl performed engineering on Jody Watleys album Affection alongside musical great Booker T. Jones, Angelo Earl also produced RCA recording artist Cherokees critically acclaimed debut album in 1997, I Love You. Earl has served as an engineer for both Ardent and Cotton Row studios. In 1990, he played on Cybil Sheppards solo album, Somewhere Down The Road produced by Sid Selvidge, Earl also played the part of a prisoner in the 1984 CBS Television show, The Mississippi. In 2005, Earl produced The Tim Terry Experience album The Tim Terry Experience and released it on his record label, Angelo Earl tracked the album at Ardent Studios in Memphis, TN and mixed it at Princes studio, Paisley Park. At its height, The Tim Terry Experience album reached the #3 position for soul music on the United Kingdom Soul charts in 2005. It also received 4 1⁄2 stars in Blues and Soul Magazine Review in the UK. Angelo Earl continues to operate Soulstreet Records, dre – Dr. Me Wet, Wet, Wet – Memphis Sessions Kevin Rowland – The Wanderer Soul Street Records
26.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster. It is headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, the BBC is the worlds oldest national broadcasting organisation and the largest broadcaster in the world by number of employees. It employs over 20,950 staff in total,16,672 of whom are in public sector broadcasting, the total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, and fixed contract staff are included. The BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own
27.
Lulu (singer)
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Marie McDonald McLaughlin Lawrie was born in Lennoxtown, East Dunbartonshire, and grew up in Dennistoun, Glasgow, where she attended Thomson Street Primary School and Onslow Drive School. She lived in Gallowgate for a while before moving to Garfield Street, at 12 or 13, she and her manager approached a band called the Bellrocks seeking stage experience as a singer. She appeared with them every Saturday night, Alex Thomson, the bass player, has reported that even then her voice was remarkable. Lulu has two brothers and a sister and her father was a heavy drinker.7. Massey guided her career for more than 25 years, for most of time they were partners in business. After the success of Shout, Lulus next three singles failed to make an impact on the charts, in 1965 she released Leave A Little Love, which returned her to the UK top ten. Her next record, Try to Understand made the top 30, in 1966, Lulu toured Poland with the Hollies, the first British female singer to appear live behind the Iron Curtain. In the same year she recorded two German-language tracks, Wenn du da bist and So fing es an, for the Decca Germany label, All her Decca recordings were made available in 2009 on a 2-CD entitled Shout. issued on RPM Records. After two hit singles with the Luvvers, Lulu launched her solo career and she left Decca after failing to chart in 1966 and signed with Columbia to be produced by Mickie Most. In April 1967, she returned to the UK singles chart, reaching number 6 with The Boat That I Row, All seven singles she cut with Most made the UK Singles Chart. Nonetheless, when Mickie Most died in 2003, Lulu was full of praise for him, in 1967, she made her film debut in To Sir, with Love, a British vehicle for Sidney Poitier. Lulu both acted in the film and provided the song, with which she had a major hit in the United States. To Sir With Love became the best selling single of 1967 in the US, selling well in excess of a million copies, in the UK, To Sir With Love was released on the B-side of Lets Pretend, a No.11 hit. In the late-1960s Lulus pop career in the UK thrived and she had several series of her own. Her first BBC series aired in 1965 on BBC2, where she co-hosted Gadzooks and its The In-Crowd, with Alan David, completing the run as solo host under the rebranded Gadzooks. In 1966, she made appearances on BBC1s Stramash. The series often featured resident guests, including Adrienne Posta, Roger Kitter, Paul Greenwood and Pans People along with dance troupes choreographed by Nigel Lythgoe, the 1972 series was billed as Its Lulu. Not to mention Dudley Moore with Dudley Moore and his appearing in each of the 13 shows
28.
CeCe Sammy
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Entertainment in the US, American Idol and Americas Got Talent. In 2016, she was the chairperson of the British jury for Eurovision Song Contest 2016, the following year Sammy acted as the judge for the Eurovision, You Decide 2017. CeCe Sammy is also a vocal judge for UK singing competitions Open Mic UK. CeCe Sammy is a graduate from the London College of Music and she has coached chart acts from the United Kingdom, including Charlotte Church, S Club 7 and S Club Juniors, Will Young and Leona Lewis. Prior to her coaching career CeCe was a singer touring with the likes of Diana Ross. She was also a member of the United Colours of Sound with vocal coach partner John Modi and celebrity vocal coaches David and Carrie Grant. She appeared on the television series Pop Idol as a coach and was a judge on the BBCs celebrity duet show Just the Two of Us in 2006 and 2007 along with Stewart Copeland. CeCe appeared on the BBC TV documentary Be My Baby - The Girl Group Story which aired in August 2006, the show covered the history of girl groups, focusing specifically on The Supremes, The Three Degrees, Sister Sledge, Bananarama, The Bangles and the Spice Girls. In 2007 she was a judge on BBC Radio 3s Choir of the Year competition, CeCe was one of Bruno Toniolis panelists on BBC Ones DanceX. CeCe made a guest appearance on ITVs Dancing on Ice in early 2009 and she has also appeared as a guest on television and in documentaries, including The Wright Stuff, GMTV, BBC Breakfast, Let Me Entertain You, The Xtra Factor. In 2010, CeCe founded an artist development and music management company with legendary artist manager Frank DiLeo, CCA Entertainment operates between London and Los Angeles. Since 2010, she has been a celebrity correspondent for OK. Magazine UK commenting on celebrity events and giving vocal tips, in 2014 and 2015, CeCe appeared as head vocal coach and judge on the second and third seasons of Endemols Your Face Sounds Familiar Georgia. She once again reprised the role as judge for a select number of episodes during the fourth season which started in May,2015. In 2015, CeCe worked as a coach on new ITV series Get Your Act Together. She has been a regular talent consultant for American Idol and Americas Got Talent, CeCe Sammy was the official vocal coach for 2015 Dubai Music Week. Official website CeCe Sammy at the Internet Movie Database
29.
Stewart Copeland
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Stewart Armstrong Copeland is an American musician and composer, best known as the former drummer for the English rock band the Police, and for his film and video game soundtracks. Copeland has also various pieces of music for ballet, opera and orchestra. According to MusicRadar, Copeland’s distinctive drum sound and uniqueness of style has made him one of the most popular drummers to ever get behind a drumset. He was inducted into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame as a member of the Police in 2003, the Modern Drummer Hall of Fame in 2005, in 2016, Copeland was ranked 10th on Rolling Stones 100 Greatest Drummers of All Time. Stewart Armstrong Copeland was born in Alexandria, Virginia on July 16,1952, the family moved to Cairo, Egypt, a few months after his birth, and Copeland spent his formative years in the Middle East. In 1957, his family moved to Beirut, Lebanon, and he started taking drum lessons at age 12 and was playing drums for school dances within a year. Later he moved to England and attended Millfield from 1967 to 1969, Copeland went to college in California, attending United States International University and University of California, Berkeley. Returning to England, he worked as manager for the progressive rock band Curved Airs 1974 reunion tour. In 1977, Copeland founded the Police with lead singer-bass guitarist Sting and guitarist Henry Padovani, the Polices early track list was mostly made of Copelands compositions, including the bands first single Fall Out and the B side Nothing Achieving. Though Copelands songwriting contribution was reduced to a couple of songs per album as Sting started writing more material, amongst Copelands most notable songs are On Any Other Day, Does Everyone Stare, Contact, Bombs Away, Darkness and Miss Gradenko. Copeland also co-authored a number of songs with Sting, including Peanuts, Landlord, Its Alright for You, recorded at Nigel Grays Surrey Sound Studio, Copeland played all the instruments and sang the lead vocals himself. Kents Dont Care, which peaked at #48 UK in August 1978, in 1982 Copeland was involved in the production of a WOMAD benefit album called Music and Rhythm. Copelands score for Rumble Fish secured him a Golden Globe nomination in 1983, the film, directed and produced by Francis Ford Coppola from the S. E. The Police stopped touring in 1984, and during this hiatus he released a solo album. The album was the soundtrack to the movie of the same name. He also starred in the film, which is A musical odyssey through the heart of Africa in search of the roots of rock & roll, the band attempted a reunion in 1986, but the project fell apart. After the Police disbanded, Copeland established a career composing soundtracks for movies, television, operas, Copeland also occasionally played drums for other artists. Peter Gabriel employed Copeland for his mastery of the hi-hat to perform on his song Red Rain from his 1986 album So and he has also performed with Mike Rutherford and Tom Waits
30.
Trevor Nelson
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Trevor Ricardo Nelson, MBE is a British DJ and presenter. His first job was in a shop, but his love of music meant a part-time role as a DJ. Nelson found daytime work at a record importer in 1985, as a pioneer in the urban scene, Nelson started his broadcasting career at then pirate station Kiss in 1985. In 1990 it gained a licence to become Kiss 100 London, it was here that Nelson became director of the station. Behind the decks Nelson cut his teeth as a DJ with Soul II Soul, with a stint behind the scenes in A&R at Cooltempo, EMI, Nelson was instrumental in the careers of D’Angelo, Mica Paris and Lynden David Hall. Nelson currently broadcasts two radio networks. He has held this slot since 2011 after leaving the 1Xtra breakfast show which he presented with Gemma Cairney, in 2010 he was awarded with the special gold lifetime achievement award for his services to broadcasting, at the Sony Radio Academy Awards. Nelson continues to DJ around the UK and Europe and is now in his tenth summer residency in Global Room nightclub in Pacha and he has released seven compilation albums, INCredible Sound of Trevor Nelson, The Soul Nation and Lick compilations. His most recent compilation album is The Trevor Nelson Collection, picking up where his Lick compilations left off, he shares his favourite R&B, Soul and Rap classics from over the decades. On 21 March,2017 was a presenter for the Sara Cox Red Nose Day dancathon from 2am-5am, Nelson first appeared on television in 1998 on MTV UK and presenting The Lick on MTV Base off the back of his first RNB show on Radio 1. Nelson also appeared as a judge on the 2006 show Just the Two of Us |Just the Two of Us, from 12 September 2009 Nelson co-presented NFL UK, a weekly American Football highlights magazine show on Channel 5 with Natalie Pinkham. Trevor holds the distinction of being the very first black person to appear on Channel 5, appearing at 10, Nelson regularly appears as a pundit on programmes where celebrities recall their detailed memories of popular culture. He also provided commentary on the 2012 Summer Olympics Opening Ceremony and 2012 Summer Olympics Closing Ceremony that was criticised in the media. A divorced father of two children and cat owner, Nelson lives in London, and is a fan of Chelsea Football Club and he also has a home in St Lucia. He was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire in 2002 for his contribution to the Millennium Volunteers programme, sounds Like London,100 Years of Black Music in the Capital,2013. Official website Trevor Nelson at BBC Programmes Trevor Nelsons Rhythm Nation at BBC Programmes
31.
The Jacksons: A Family Dynasty
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The Jacksons, A Family Dynasty is an American reality television series starring members of the musical Jackson family which aired on A&E. Following Michaels death in June 2009, more footage of the family was shot, the show debuted on December 13,2009, with the episode The Jackson Family. After one season and six episodes, the series ended on January 27,2010, with the episode Now, in February 2010, it was reported that the four brothers are reportedly in negotiations to film episodes for a second season to the reality series. The original intention behind the creation of the series—initially titled The Jackson Family—was that it would be a one-off hour-long special aired by the cable network A&E. The show was to center around The Jacksons and their planning of a new album, the initial filming of the brothers began in January 2009, but did not involve lead singer Michael Jackson. Robert Sharenow, a worker for A&E, stated in July 2009 that the original show was commissioned as a special. The new footage was to showcase the Jackson family coping with the loss of Michael, executive producer Jodi Gomes of Point 7 Entertainment noted that those involved with the series wanted a television show that was very genuine. She added that the Jackson siblings were not shy about talking about their brother, Gomes concluded that they had done a great job opening up about losing a brother. Debate arose in the media as to whether Michael Jacksons three children were to appear in the series, Jacksons mother Katherine, the legal guardian of the three, denounced the rumours that her grandchildren would be starring in the show. Filming is taking place right now, as production moves forward, it is entirely possible that the brothers paths will intersect with other members of the Jackson family, who may or may not be included in the finished series. However, we cannot at this point definitively know who else may make an appearance in the series, criticism of the series began before it had even premiered. De Moraes claimed that individuals were the type to have celebrity news website TMZ. com as their homepage. During her report of the preview of the show, De Moraes followed up on Jermaine Jacksons ponderings on how to pull off a successful reunion with his brothers. Frazier Moore condemned The Jacksons, A Family Dynasty as being stagey, self-conscious and, most of all and he stated that some people may enjoy the program and highlighted a moment in which Jermaine Jackson cries as being a high point for him. Moore added that the scene featuring Jermaine and his three brothers seemed to have been carefully arranged so that they would get maximum visual effect. He felt that such actions on the part of the siblings made other moments in the more interesting. Tucker concluded that with the absence of Michael and younger brother Randy, writing for The New York Times, Mike Hale conveyed his thoughts on the first episode. He suggested that it would be easy to view the series as an exploitation of Michael Jackson by his family, in order for them to gain money from the late entertainers legacy
32.
Big Daddy Kane
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Antonio Hardy, better known by his stage name Big Daddy Kane, is a Grammy Award-winning American rapper and actor who started his career in 1986 as a member of the rap collective the Juice Crew. He is widely considered to be one of the most influential, the name Big Daddy Kane came from a variation on Caine, David Carradines character from TV show Kung Fu and a character called Big Daddy Vincent Price played in the film Beach Party. In 1984, Kane became friends with Biz Markie, and he would some of Bizs best-known lyrics. Both eventually became important members of the Queens-based Juice Crew, a collective headed by renowned producer Marley Marl, Kane signed with Tyrone Williams’s and Len Fichtelberg’s Cold Chillin Records label in 1987 and debuted the same year with the 12 single Raw, which was an underground hit. Kane is known for his ability to syncopate over faster hip hop beats and his sense of style is renowned and set a number of late-1980s and early-1990s hip hop trends. The backronym King Asiatic Nobodys Equal is often applied to his moniker and he released his debut album on Cold Chillin Records in the early summer of 1988 called Long Live the Kane, which featured the hit Aint No Half Steppin. He also had a verse on the Marley Marl-produced track The Symphony released in late 1988, which included Juice Crew members Craig G, Masta Ace. Big Daddy Kane appeared on Patti Labelles 1991 effort, Burnin and he provided the rap chorus to the single Feels Like Another One. He also appeared on the video release Live in New York and he contributed the song Nuff Respect to the soundtrack of the film Juice, which starred Omar Epps and Tupac Shakur, further demonstrating his fast lyrical delivery. In 1991, Kane won the Grammy Award for Best Rap Performance by a Duo or Group for his performance on the Quincy Jones collaborative track Back on the Block off Back on the Block. Widely regarded as one of the greatest rappers during the age of hip hop, Kanes experimentation with R&B beats. Later albums, such as Looks Like a Job For…, were acclaimed, as an actor, he debuted in Mario Van Peebles 1993 western, Posse, and appeared in Robert Townsends 1993 film The Meteor Man. Big Daddy Kane also posed for Playgirl and Madonnas Sex book during the 1990s, in 1996, he collaborated with 2Pac on his song Where Ever U R. During the early 1990s, Jay-Z toured with Kane, and Kane helped him early on in his career - Ice-T says, Kane brought Jay-Z over to my house. Kane himself says that Jay-Z wasn’t technically his hypeman in the sense of the term—he wasn’t a hypeman. When I would leave the stage to go change outfits, I would bring out Jay-Z and Positive K, Jay-Z was also featured on Big Daddy Kane’s track ‘Show & Prove’ from Daddy’s Home, as well as in the video. In 1995, Kane recorded with MC Hammer and Tupac Shakur on the rap song Too Late Playa and he was also mentioned to signing with Death Row East in 1996. In 1997, Kane team up with Frankie Cutlass on his third single title The Cypher Part 3, in 1998, he released his final solo album Veteranz Day
33.
TJ Jackson
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For the Boston City Council member, see Tito Jackson Tito Joe TJ Jackson is an American singer and member of 3T. He is youngest son of Tito Jackson, 3T released their debut album Brotherhood in 1995. The album sold three million copies worldwide. The group achieved a hit with their debut single Anything. 3T released several hit singles in Europe, including 24/7, Why, I Need You, Tease Me, in 1996, they were ranked second behind the Spice Girls, as the biggest-selling group in Europe. 3T have also written and produced songs for soundtracks to such as The Jacksons, An American Dream, Free Willy, Free Willy 2, The Adventure Home, Men in Black. Taryll and TJ have written/produced tracks for their aunt Janet Jackson as well as for Lindsay Lohan, over 20 songs were recorded for the album and only 12 would have been on it. 3T completed the album in-between Brotherhood and Identity, the album however was never released by Sony, due to strained relationships between Michael Jackson and Sony. This album is considered by fans to be The Lost Album. After signing with the French label TF1/NRJ in 2003, 3T continued to perform in France, the group signed with the Dutch label Digidance in 2004 for Dutch releases, appearances and performances. The album titled Identity was released on March 23,2004, two singles were released, Stuck On You was released in 2003 in France and Belgium and in 2004 in the Netherlands, and Sex Appeal in 2004. Neither single was released outside of Europe, in 2008, 3T made Identity available on both iTunes and amazon. com worldwide. The brothers appeared on the show This Is David Gest in 2007, the show began on April 22,2007. During the summer of 2008, the Jackson family stayed at a holiday let for six weeks in Appledore, Devon, the project was filmed for a Channel 4 documentary called The Jacksons are Coming, which was aired in 2008. Taj and TJ appear with their father, but Taryll did not join them on the trip, all three of them appeared on the A&E TV show entitled The Jacksons, A Family Dynasty. They appear with their father Tito, who is trying to convince them to relaunch their career, on February 1,2010, all 3 brothers then appeared in the remake of We Are The World, this time in aid of the Haiti Appeal. However, they did not sing main parts of the song, currently, Taj is working on the Code Z zombie series and a science fiction project called Clone 3. TJ was selected to play the role of Prince Jean-Luc in the new version of Larry Harts musical Sisterella that was scheduled to premiere in the fall of 2011
34.
Billboard 200
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The Billboard 200 is a record chart ranking the 200 most popular music albums and EPs in the United States, published weekly by Billboard magazine. It is frequently used to convey the popularity of an artist or groups of artists, often, a recording act will be remembered by its number ones, those of their albums that outperformed all others during at least one week. The chart is based mostly on sales of albums in the United States, the weekly sales period was originally Monday to Sunday when Nielsen started tracking sales in 1991, but since July 2015, tracking week begins on Friday and ends on Thursday. A new chart is published the following Tuesday with an issue post-dated to the Saturday of the following week, the charts streaming schedule is also tracked from Friday to Thursday. Example, Friday January 1 – sales tracking week begins Thursday January 7 – sales tracking week ends Tuesday January 12 – new chart published, New product is released to the American market on Fridays. Digital downloads of albums are included in Billboard 200 tabulation. Albums that are not licensed for sale in the United States are not eligible to chart. As of the issue dated April 15,2017, the album on the Billboard 200 is More Life by Drake. Billboard began an album chart in 1945, initially only five positions long, the album chart was not published on a weekly basis, sometimes three to seven weeks passing before it was updated. A biweekly, 15-position Best-Selling Popular Albums chart appeared in 1955, the position count varied anywhere from 10 to 30 albums. The first number-one album on the new weekly list was Belafonte by Harry Belafonte, the chart was renamed to Best-Selling Pop Albums later in 1956, and then to Best-Selling Pop LPs in 1957. Beginning on May 25,1959, Billboard split the ranking into two charts Best-Selling Stereophonic LPs for stereo albums and Best-Selling Monophonic LPs for mono albums and these were renamed to Stereo Action Charts and Mono Action Charts in 1960. In January 1961, they became Action Albums—Stereophonic and Action Albums—Monophonic, three months later, they became Top LPs—Stereo and Top LPs—Monaural. On August 17,1963 the stereo and mono charts were combined into a 150-position chart called Top LPs, on April 1,1967, the chart was expanded to 175 positions, then finally to 200 positions on May 13,1967. In 1960, Billboard began concurrently publishing album charts which ranked sales of older or mid-priced titles and these Essential Inventory charts were divided by stereo and mono albums, and featured titles that had already appeared on the main stereo and mono album charts. In January 1961, the Action Charts became Action Albums—Monophonic, Albums appeared on either chart for up to nine weeks, then were moved to an Essential Inventory list of approximately 200 titles, with no numerical ranking. This list continued to be published until the consolidated Top LPs chart debuted in 1963, in 1982, Billboard began publishing a Midline Albums chart which ranked older or mid-priced titles. The chart held 50 positions and was published on a bi-weekly basis, on May 25,1991, Billboard premiered the Top Pop Catalog Albums chart
35.
La Toya: Growing Up in the Jackson Family
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La Toya, Growing up in the Jackson Family is an autobiography written by American singer La Toya Jackson, and co-authored by celebrity biography author Patricia Romanowski. The book was released on February 7,1991, around the same time as Jacksons seventh studio album No Relations. The Jackson family denied all of her allegations, Jackson reunited with her family in the late 1990s after leaving Gordon. On her interview with Larry King in 2003 she said that she accepted her fathers apologies for the way he treated her and her siblings as children. The autobiography was re-issued under various titles throughout the 1990s, the original hardcover edition spent several weeks atop the New York Times Bestseller List. In the weeks leading up to the release of the book, Gordon ordered that the transcript be kept in a high-security vault out of fear that the Jackson family would attempt to sabotage the project
36.
New American Library
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The New American Library is an American publisher based in New York, founded in 1948. Its initial focus was affordable paperback reprints of classics and scholarly works, as well as popular and pulp fiction but now publishes trade and it is currently an imprint of Penguin Random House, it was announced in 2015 that the imprint would publish only nonfiction titles. New American Library began life as Penguin U. S. A. enoch served as president of New American Library from 1947-1965. He later served as head of Book Publishing at Times Mirror, nALs productions were not limited to softbound reprints. Original works of mystery, romance, and adventure proved to be profitable, in 1963 the company began publishing hard-copy original publications, such as the immensely popular James Bond 007 series written by Ian Fleming. These paperbound books included subjects in the humanities, the arts, and it also published at least two notable magazines in book form, New World Writing in the 1950s and early 1960s, and New American Review in the latter 1960s and early 1970s. NAL enjoyed great success, by 1965, its Mentor and Signet books annually sold over 50 million volumes, NAL became involved with the censorship trials when certain books were deemed inflammatory and subsequently banned. Victor Weybright was asked to testify before a 1952 House Committee that examined pornography, rather than accept government restrictions, Weybright endorsed a self-regulated censorship policy on the part of publishing companies. New York University Library received the NAL archive as a gift from the NAL in the spring of 1965, NAL witnessed several changes in ownership beginning in the 1960s. In 1960 Times Mirror of Los Angeles bought NAL, however, NAL continued to operate autonomously within the Mirror Company, in 1983 Odyssey Partners and Ira J. Hechler bought NAL from the Times Mirror Company for over $50 million. At the time of the sale New American Library had over 1 billion paperback books in print, in 1985 New American Library acquired E. P. Dutton, an independent hardcover and trade publisher, during this period there was pressure for paperback publishers to add hardcover divisions. NAL had started publishing hardcovers in 1980 with mixed success and determined that Dutton would give them an edge in that space, in 1987, the NAL was reintegrated back into the Penguin Publishing Company. Penguin had been purchased by Pearson PLC in 1970, in 2013, Pearson PLC merged Penguin with Bertelsmann owned Random House to form Penguin Random House. New American Library is currently part of the Penguin Publishing Group, in June 2015 it was announced by Penguin that starting in fall of 2016, Berkley would publish fiction titles while New American library would publish only non-fiction titles. According to Berkley/NAL Publishing Group president Leslie Gelbman this will delineate the two publishing lines and sharpen their publishing identities, imprints past and present have included, Meridian Mentor, non-fiction Mentor-Omega, featuring Catholic philosophers Mentor Executive Library, for businesspeople. Plume Signet Classics, paperback reprints of classics from Giovanni Boccaccio to Sinclair Lewis, accompanied by introductions and in newer editions, Signet Fiction Signet Science Signet Key, for young readers ages 10 to 14. At the time they broke away from Penguin Books, Signet and Mentor correlated to Penguins original imprints of Penguin, arthur Koestler Flannery OConnor George Orwell James Joyce Mickey Spillane William Faulkner New American Library, Signet, Onyx, Accent About NAL at Penguin Group
37.
International Standard Book Number
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The International Standard Book Number is a unique numeric commercial book identifier. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an e-book, a paperback and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, the method of assigning an ISBN is nation-based and varies from country to country, often depending on how large the publishing industry is within a country. The initial ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 based upon the 9-digit Standard Book Numbering created in 1966, the 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108. Occasionally, a book may appear without a printed ISBN if it is printed privately or the author does not follow the usual ISBN procedure, however, this can be rectified later. Another identifier, the International Standard Serial Number, identifies periodical publications such as magazines, the ISBN configuration of recognition was generated in 1967 in the United Kingdom by David Whitaker and in 1968 in the US by Emery Koltay. The 10-digit ISBN format was developed by the International Organization for Standardization and was published in 1970 as international standard ISO2108, the United Kingdom continued to use the 9-digit SBN code until 1974. The ISO on-line facility only refers back to 1978, an SBN may be converted to an ISBN by prefixing the digit 0. For example, the edition of Mr. J. G. Reeder Returns, published by Hodder in 1965, has SBN340013818 -340 indicating the publisher,01381 their serial number. This can be converted to ISBN 0-340-01381-8, the check digit does not need to be re-calculated, since 1 January 2007, ISBNs have contained 13 digits, a format that is compatible with Bookland European Article Number EAN-13s. An ISBN is assigned to each edition and variation of a book, for example, an ebook, a paperback, and a hardcover edition of the same book would each have a different ISBN. The ISBN is 13 digits long if assigned on or after 1 January 2007, a 13-digit ISBN can be separated into its parts, and when this is done it is customary to separate the parts with hyphens or spaces. Separating the parts of a 10-digit ISBN is also done with either hyphens or spaces, figuring out how to correctly separate a given ISBN number is complicated, because most of the parts do not use a fixed number of digits. ISBN issuance is country-specific, in that ISBNs are issued by the ISBN registration agency that is responsible for country or territory regardless of the publication language. Some ISBN registration agencies are based in national libraries or within ministries of culture, in other cases, the ISBN registration service is provided by organisations such as bibliographic data providers that are not government funded. In Canada, ISBNs are issued at no cost with the purpose of encouraging Canadian culture. In the United Kingdom, United States, and some countries, where the service is provided by non-government-funded organisations. Australia, ISBNs are issued by the library services agency Thorpe-Bowker
38.
New York Daily News
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The New York Daily News, officially titled Daily News, is an American newspaper based in New York City. It is the fourth-most widely circulated newspaper in the United States. It was founded in 1919, and was the first U. S. daily printed in tabloid format and it is owned by Mortimer Zuckerman, and is headquartered at 4 New York Plaza in Lower Manhattan. The Daily News was founded by Joseph Medill Patterson in 1919, Patterson and his cousin, Robert R. McCormick were co-publishers of the Chicago Tribune and grandsons of Tribune founder Joseph Medill. On his way back, Patterson met with Alfred Harmsworth, who was the Viscount Northcliffe and publisher of the Daily Mirror, impressed with the advantages of a tabloid, Patterson launched the Daily News on June 26,1919. The Daily News was not a success, and by August 1919. Still, New Yorks many subway commuters found the tabloid format easier to handle, by the time of the papers first anniversary in June 1920, circulation was over 100,000 and by 1925, over a million. Circulation reached its peak in 1947, at 2.4 million daily and 4.7 million on Sunday. The Daily News carried the slogan New Yorks Picture Newspaper from 1920 to 1991, for its emphasis on photographs, and a camera has been part of the newspapers logo from day one. The papers later slogan, developed from a 1985 ad campaign, is New Yorks Hometown Newspaper, while another has been The Eyes, the Ears, the Honest Voice of New York. News-gathering operations were, for a time, organized using two-way radios, prominent sports cartoonists have included Bill Gallo, Bruce Stark and Ed Murawinski. Editorial cartoonists have included C. D. Batchelor, editions were published as extras in 1991 during the brief tenure of Robert Maxwell as publisher. In 1982, and again in the early 1990s during a newspaper strike, in the 1982 instance, the parent Tribune offered the tabloid up for sale. In 1991, millionaire Robert Maxwell offered financial assistance to The News to help it stay in business, when Maxwell died shortly thereafter, The News seceded from his publishing empire, which eventually splintered under questions about whether Maxwell had the financial backing to sustain it. After Maxwells death in 1991, the paper was held together in bankruptcy by existing management, led by editor James Willse, mort Zuckerman bought the paper in 1993. From its founding until 1991, the Daily News was owned by the Tribune Company, in 1948 The News established WPIX, whose call letters were based on The News nickname of New Yorks Picture Newspaper, and later bought what became WPIX-FM, which is now known as WFAN-FM. The News also maintains local bureaux in the Bronx, Brooklyn, and Queens, at City Hall, within One Police Plaza, in January 2012, former News of the World and New York Post editor Colin Myler was appointed editor-in-chief of the Daily News. Myler was replaced by his deputy Jim Rich in September 2015, ather than portraying New York through the partisan divide between liberals and conservatives, The News has played up the more mythic rift between the city’s fiends and heroes
39.
AllMusic
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AllMusic is an online music guide service website. It was launched in 1991 by All Media Guide which later became All Media Network, AllMusic was launched in 1991 by Michael Erlewine of All Media Guide. The aim was to discographic information on every artist whos made a record since Enrico Caruso gave the industry its first big boost and its first reference book was published the following year. When first released onto the Internet, AMG predated the World Wide Web and was first available as a Gopher site, the AMG consumer web properties AllMusic. com, AllMovie. com and AllGame. com were sold by Rovi in July 2013 to All Media Network, LLC. All Media Network, LLC. was formed by the founders of SideReel. com. The following are contributors to AllMusic, as of this date, All Media Network also produced the AllMusic guide series that includes the AllMusic Guide to Rock, the All Music Guide to Jazz and the All Music Guide to the Blues. Vladimir Bogdanov is the president of the series, in August 2007, PC Magazine included AllMusic in its Top 100 Classic Websites list. All Media Network AllGame AllMovie SideReel All Music Guide to the Blues All Music Guide to Jazz Stephen Thomas Erlewine Official website
40.
Jackie Jackson
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Sigmund Esco Jackson, better known by his stage name Jackie Jackson, is an American singer and musician. Jackson is best known for being a member of The Jackson 5, Jackson is the second child of the Jackson family and the oldest Jackson brother. Sigmund Esco Jackson was born on his mother Katherines 21st birthday in 1951, nicknamed Jackie by his grandfather, taken from Jackson Boy, he came from an African-American working-class family. He and his brothers and sisters grew up in a house in Gary, Indiana. In 1964, Jackies father, Joseph, formed the Jackson Brothers singing group, the group included younger brothers Marlon and Michael playing assorted percussive instruments. Prior to the signing with Motown, Jackson wanted to pursue a career in professional baseball, in fact. However, he decided to stay in music, Jackson performed under a high tenor singing voice. He added brief lead parts in some of the Jackson 5s hit singles, including I Want You Back, in 1973, Jackson released a solo album that failed to chart. After the Jackson 5 became The Jacksons after leaving Motown for CBS Records in 1976, Jacksons role as a vocalist and songwriter increased. He added a lead vocal alongside brother Michael on their top ten Epic single, Enjoy Yourself, Jacksons voice changed to a lower tenor vocal style during the Epic years. One of Jacksons most successful compositions was co-writing with Michael, Can You Feel It, Jackson began performing more lead vocals as Michael pursued a successful solo career. On their 1984 album, Victory, Jackson performed lead on the song Wait, while writing the single, notably before the start of the Victory Tour in 1984, Jackson suffered a leg injury that was officially described as a knee injury incurred during rehearsals. Jackson recovered well enough to perform on the last leg of shows in December 1984 in Los Angeles, in early 1985, Marlon Jackson joined Michael in leaving the group as well. Jackie, Tito and Randy became session musicians, vocalists and producers during this time, in 1987, Jackie, Randy, Tito and Jermaine reformed as The Jacksons and recorded Time Out for the Burglar, the theme song for the film, Burglar. The single was a minor R&B hit in the US, but had success in Belgium where it peaked in the Top 40 at #17 for two consecutive weeks. The Jacksons also contributed backing vocals to the Tito-produced title track of Tramaine Hawkins 1987 album Freedom, in late 1988, the Jacksons set out to record their final Epic album,2300 Jackson Street, which included Jackie and Jermaine splitting leads on most of the songs. 2300 Jackson Street failed to chart successfully despite the Randy and Jermaine-led Nothin, Randy did not participate in much of the albums promotion as he was working on his solo project leaving Jackie, Tito and Jermaine to promote the album mostly overseas. Afterwards, the group was dropped from the label and each went into solo projects
41.
Jermaine Jackson
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Jermaine La Jaune Jackson is an American singer, bass guitarist, composer, and occasional film director. Jackson is mostly known for having in the past been a member of The Jackson 5, Jackson also produced and recorded duets with American singer Whitney Houston in her early years as a recording artist and was a producer for Bobby DeBarges band Switch. Jackson is the child of the Jackson family. Jackson was born December 11,1954 in Gary, Indiana and he is the fourth child born to Joseph and Katherine Jackson. His siblings are Rebbie, Jackie, Tito, La Toya, Marlon, Michael, Randy and his father Joseph had musical aspirations, playing guitar with his brother’s band, The Falcons, and Katherine was a passionate pianist and singer. But their large family and lack of money ended their dreams with Katherine becoming a housewife, and Joseph, while his father worked long hours as a crane operator, Jermaine and his brothers, Tito and Jackie, secretly practiced their own songs using their fathers guitar. Jermaine became the lead singer of the Jackson Brothers—an earlier incarnation of The Jackson Five—until 1966. Jermaine would continue to provide some leads over the years, Jermaine graduated from Birmingham High School in Van Nuys, Los Angeles, California in 1973. Jermaine and his brothers first signed as The Jackson Five with Gordon Keith of Steeltown Records in November 1967, after the group recorded three more songs with the Steeltown label they were signed with Berry Gordy of Motown Records in 1968 and 1969. As the co-lead singer of The Jackson 5 after his brother Michael, Jermaine sang notable parts of I Want You Back, Ill Be There, The Love You Save, Dancing Machine, Jermaine performed as part of the group for six years. However, Jeremaine decided to stay with Motown Records, citing loyalty to the company as the reason, others argue that Jermaines marriage to Motown founder Berry Gordys daughter Hazel, whom he married in 1973, was the reason. Jermaine split from the Jackson 5 to start a career at Motown. Unbeknownst to the group, Gordy had trademarked the name The Jackson Five, once signed with Epic, the group became known as The Jacksons. Several years later, in 1983, Gordy asked the group to perform at the Motown 25, Yesterday, Today, after the success of the broadcast, Jermaine rejoined the band to record the album Victory which featured all six brothers on The Jacksons album cover. Jermaine also participated in the bands Victory Tour and he stayed with the group for their final album,2300 Jackson Street, in 1989. In 2001, he reunited with his brothers to perform for the 30th Anniversary Special, like Michael, Jermaine began a solo career while still a member of The Jackson 5, and had a hit with the 1972 Shep and the Limelites cover Daddys Home. It sold over one million copies by March 1973, and was awarded a gold disc, when The Jackson 5 left Motown, Jermaine left the group and stayed at Motown. Jermaine was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Male R&B Vocal Performance for his 1980 album Lets Get Serious, a duet with his brother Michael, Tell Me Im Not Dreamin, hit No.1 on the dance chart in 1984
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