Page semi-protected

Tom Cruise

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the American actor. For other people named Tom Cruise, see Tom Cruise (disambiguation).

Tom Cruise
Tom Cruise by Gage Skidmore.jpg
Cruise in 2013
Born
Thomas Cruise Mapother IV

(1962-07-03) July 3, 1962 (age 56)
Syracuse, New York, U.S.
ResidenceLos Angeles, California, U.S.
NationalityAmerican
OccupationActor, producer
Years active1981–present
Spouse(s)
Children3
RelativesWilliam Mapother (cousin)
Websitetomcruise.com
Signature
Tom Cruise signature.png

Thomas Cruise Mapother IV (born July 3, 1962) is an American actor and producer. He started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love (1981), before making his breakthrough in the comedy Risky Business (1983) and receiving widespread attention for starring in the action drama Top Gun (1986) as Lieutenant Pete "Maverick" Mitchell. After starring in The Color of Money (1986) and Cocktail (1988), Cruise starred opposite Dustin Hoffman in the Academy Award for Best Picture-winning drama Rain Man. For his role as anti-war activist Ron Kovic in the drama Born on the Fourth of July (1989), Cruise received the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Drama and his first Academy Award for Best Actor nomination.

In the 1990s, Cruise starred with Jack Nicholson in the legal drama A Few Good Men (1992) and starred in a number of box office hits including The Firm (1993) and Interview with the Vampire (1994), before starring as IMF agent Ethan Hunt in the action spy thriller Mission: Impossible (1996), the first of a commercially successful six-film series. In 1996, Cruise also starred as the title character in the romantic comedy-drama Jerry Maguire, earning him the Golden Globe Award for Best Actor – Motion Picture Musical or Comedy and his second Academy Award nomination. In 1999, Cruise starred in the erotic thriller Eyes Wide Shut opposite his then wife Nicole Kidman and also appeared in the ensemble drama Magnolia, for which he received the Golden Globe Award for Best Supporting Actor – Motion Picture and was also nominated for the Academy Award for Best Supporting Actor.

After receiving a Saturn Award for Best Actor for his performance in the psychological thriller Vanilla Sky (2001), Cruise collaborated with director Steven Spielberg on the science fiction thrillers Minority Report (2002) and War of the Worlds (2005). In 2008, he gave a supporting performance in the action comedy Tropic Thunder and starred in the historical thriller Valkyrie as Claus von Stauffenberg. In 2012, Cruise played the eponymous role in the thriller Jack Reacher. Cruise's films have grossed more than $3.7 billion at U.S. and Canadian box offices and more than $9.0 billion worldwide,[1] making him the eighth highest-grossing actor in North America and one of the top-grossing actors worldwide.[2]

Cruise has been married three times, to actresses Mimi Rogers, Nicole Kidman, Katie Holmes, and has three children, two of which were adopted during his marriage to Kidman and the other a biological daughter with Holmes. Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs, and credits it with helping him overcome dyslexia. In the 2000s, he sparked controversy with his Church-affiliated criticisms of psychiatry and anti-depressant drugs (particularly for 9/11 rescue workers), his efforts to promote Scientology as a religion in Europe, and a leaked video interview of him promoting Scientology.

Early life

Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York, the son of Mary Lee (née Pfeiffer), a special education teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III,[3] an electrical engineer, both originally from Louisville, Kentucky.[4][5] He has three sisters: Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass. They are of English, German, and Irish ancestry.[6][7] One of Cruise's paternal great-great-great-grandfathers, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in north County Dublin in 1799; he married Teresa Johnson in County Meath, in 1825. They left Ireland for the United States that same year and settled in New York.[6] They had a daughter, Mary Paulina Russell Cruise, whose son Thomas Cruise Mapother was Cruise's great-grandfather.[8][9][10][11] A cousin, William Mapother, is also an actor; he and Cruise have appeared in five films together.[12]

Cruise grew up in near poverty, and had a Catholic upbringing. The family was dominated by his abusive father, whom Cruise has described as "a merchant of chaos."[13] Cruise has said that he was beaten by his father, whom he has called a "bully and coward." He stated, "He was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a great lesson in my life—how he'd lull you in, make you feel safe and then, bang! For me, it was like, 'There's something wrong with this guy. Don't trust him. Be careful around him.'"[13]

Cruise spent part of his childhood in Canada. His family moved to Beacon Hill, Ottawa, in late 1971 so that Cruise's father could take a position as a defense consultant with the Canadian Armed Forces.[14] There, Cruise attended the newly opened Robert Hopkins Public School for much of grade four and grade five.[14][15] In grade four, Cruise first became involved in drama, under the tutelage of George Steinburg. Cruise and six other boys put on an improvised play to music called IT at the Carleton Elementary School drama festival.[14] Drama organizer Val Wright, who was in the audience that night, reflected, "The movement and improvisation were excellent. It was a classic ensemble piece."[14] Cruise also enjoyed sports at the school and played floor hockey, though he was known more for his aggression than his talent.[citation needed]

In sixth grade, Cruise went to Henry Munro Middle School in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada. However, in the spring of that year, Cruise's mother left his father, taking Cruise and his sisters back to the United States.[14] His father died of cancer in 1984.[16] Cruise briefly attended a Franciscan seminary in Cincinnati, Ohio, on a church scholarship and aspired to become a Catholic priest, before his interest in acting.[17]:24–26 In his senior year, he played football for the varsity team as a linebacker, but he was cut from the squad after getting caught drinking beer before a game.[17]:47 In total, Cruise attended 15 schools in 14 years, including stints in at least two suburban New Jersey towns, including Glen Ridge.[18]

Career

Acting

Cruise first appeared in a bit part in the 1981 film Endless Love, followed by a major supporting role as a crazed military academy student in Taps later that year. In 1983, Cruise was part of the ensemble cast of The Outsiders. That same year he appeared in All the Right Moves and Risky Business, which has been described as "A Generation X classic, and a career-maker for Tom Cruise",[19] and which, along with 1986's Top Gun, cemented his status as a superstar.[20] Cruise also played the male lead in the Ridley Scott film Legend, released in 1985.[21]

Cruise at the 61st Academy Awards in 1989

Cruise followed up Top Gun with The Color of Money, which came out the same year, and which paired him with Paul Newman. 1988 saw him star in Cocktail, which earned him a nomination for the Razzie Award for Worst Actor. Later that year he starred with Dustin Hoffman in Rain Man, which won the Academy Award for Best Film and Cruise the Kansas City Film Critics Circle Award for Best Supporting Actor. Cruise portrayed real-life paralyzed Vietnam War veteran Ron Kovic in 1989's Born on the Fourth of July, which earned him a Golden Globe Award for Best Actor - Motion Picture Drama, the Chicago Film Critics Association Award for Best Actor, the People's Choice Award for Favorite Motion Picture Actor, a nomination for BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Leading Role, and Cruise's first Best Actor Academy Award nomination.

Cruise's next films were Days of Thunder (1990) and Far and Away (1992), both of which co-starred then-wife Nicole Kidman as his love interest. In 1994, Cruise starred along with Brad Pitt, Antonio Banderas and Christian Slater in Neil Jordan's Interview with the Vampire, a gothic drama/horror film that was based on Anne Rice's best-selling novel. The film was well received, although Rice was initially quite outspoken in her criticism of Cruise having been cast in the film, as Julian Sands was her first choice. Upon seeing the film however, she paid $7,740 for a two-page ad in Daily Variety praising his performance and apologizing for her previous doubts about him.[22]

In 1996, Cruise appeared as superspy Ethan Hunt in the reboot of Mission: Impossible, which he produced. It was a box office success, although it received criticism regarding the Jim Phelps character being a villain despite being a protagonist of the original television series.[23]

In 1996, he took on the title role in Jerry Maguire, for which he earned a Golden Globe and his second nomination for an Academy Award. In 1999, Cruise costarred with Kidman in the erotic Stanley Kubrick film Eyes Wide Shut, and took a rare supporting role, as a motivational speaker, Frank T.J. Mackey, in Magnolia, for which he received another Golden Globe and nomination for an Academy Award.

Cruise in March 2006

In 2000, Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the second installment of the Mission Impossible films, Mission: Impossible 2. The film was helmed by Hong Kong director John Woo and branded with his gun fu style, and continued the series' blockbuster success at the box office, taking in almost $547M in worldwide figures. Like its predecessor, it was the highest-grossing film of the year, and had a mixed critical reception. Cruise received an MTV Movie Award for Best Male Performance for this film.

His next five films were major critical and commercial successes.[24][25] The following year Cruise starred in the romantic thriller Vanilla Sky (2001) with Cameron Diaz and Penélope Cruz. In 2002, Cruise starred in the dystopian science fiction thriller Minority Report which was directed by Steven Spielberg and based on the science fiction short story by Philip K. Dick.

In 2003, he starred in Edward Zwick's historical drama The Last Samurai, for which he received a Golden Globe nomination for best actor. In 2005, Cruise worked again with Steven Spielberg in War of the Worlds, a loose adaptation of the H. G. Wells novel of the same name, which became the fourth highest-grossing film of the year with US$591.4 million worldwide. Also in 2005, he won the People's Choice Award for Favorite Male Movie Star, and the MTV Generation Award. Cruise was nominated for seven Saturn Awards between 2002 and 2009, winning once. Nine of the ten films he starred in during the decade made over $100 million at the box office.[24]

Cruise in Paris at the French premiere of Edge of Tomorrow, May 2014.

In 2006, he returned to his role as Ethan Hunt in the third installment of the Mission Impossible film series, Mission: Impossible III. The film was more positively received by critics than the previous films in the series, and grossed nearly $400 million at the box office.[26] In 2007, Cruise took a rare supporting role for the second time in Lions for Lambs, which was a commercial disappointment. This was followed by an unrecognizable appearance as "Les Grossman" in the 2008 comedy Tropic Thunder with Ben Stiller, Jack Black, and Robert Downey Jr. This performance earned Cruise a Golden Globe nomination. Cruise played the central role in the historical thriller Valkyrie released on December 25, 2008 to box office success.[27]

In March 2010, Cruise completed filming the action-comedy Knight and Day, in which he re-teamed with former costar Cameron Diaz; the film was released on June 23, 2010.[28] On February 9, 2010, Cruise confirmed that he would star in Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol, the fourth installment in the Mission: Impossible series. The film was released in December 2011[29] to high critical acclaim[30] and box office success.[31] Unadjusted for ticket price inflation, it is Cruise's biggest commercial success to date.[32]

On May 6, 2011, Cruise was awarded a humanitarian award from the Simon Wiesenthal Centre and Museum of Tolerance for his work as a dedicated philanthropist.[33] In mid-2011, Cruise started shooting the movie Rock of Ages, in which he played the character Stacee Jaxx. The film was released in June 2012.[34]

Cruise starred as Jack Reacher in the film adaptation of British author Lee Child's 2005 novel One Shot. The film was released on December 21, 2012.[35] It met with positive reviews from critics and was a box office success grossing $216,568,266 worldwide.[36][37] In 2013, he starred in the science fiction film Oblivion based on director Joseph Kosinski's graphic novel of the same name. The film met with mixed reviews and grossed $285,600,588 worldwide. It also starred Morgan Freeman and Olga Kurylenko.[38][39]

As of mid-2015 Cruise's films have grossed about $8.2 billion worldwide.[40]

Cruise returned as Ethan Hunt in the fifth installment of the Mission: Impossible series, Mission: Impossible – Rogue Nation, which he also produced.[41] Returning cast members included Simon Pegg as Benji and Jeremy Renner as William Brandt, with Christopher McQuarrie as director.

Cruise starred in the 2017 reboot of Boris Karloff's 1932 horror movie The Mummy.[42] The new film, also titled The Mummy, was produced by Alex Kurtzman, Chris Morgan, and Sean Daniel, written by Jon Spaihts and directed by Kurtzman. In 2018, Cruise again reprised Ethan Hunt, in the sixth film in his franchise, Mission: Impossible – Fallout.

Producing

Cruise partnered with his former talent agent Paula Wagner to form Cruise/Wagner Productions in 1993,[43] and the company has since co-produced several of Cruise's films, the first being Mission: Impossible in 1996 which was also Cruise's first project as a producer.

Cruise is noted as having negotiated some of the most lucrative film deals in Hollywood, and was described in 2005 by Hollywood economist Edward Jay Epstein as "one of the most powerful – and richest – forces in Hollywood." Epstein argues that Cruise is one of the few producers (the others being George Lucas, Steven Spielberg and Jerry Bruckheimer) who are regarded as able to guarantee the success of a billion-dollar film franchise. Epstein also contends that the public obsession with Cruise's tabloid controversies obscures full appreciation of Cruise's exceptional commercial prowess.[44]

Cruise/Wagner Productions, Cruise's film production company, is said to be developing a screenplay based on Erik Larson's New York Times bestseller, The Devil in the White City about a real life serial killer, H. H. Holmes, at Chicago's World's Columbian Exposition. Kathryn Bigelow is attached to the project to produce and helm. Meanwhile, Leonardo DiCaprio's production company, Appian Way, is also developing a film about Holmes and the World's Fair, in which DiCaprio will star.[45]

Cruise has produced for multiple films in which he has been. He produced Mission: Impossible, Without Limits, Mission: Impossible 2, The Others, Vanilla Sky and many others.[46]

Break with Paramount

On August 22, 2006, Paramount Pictures announced it was ending its 14-year relationship with Cruise. In the Wall Street Journal, chairman of Viacom (Paramount's parent company) Sumner Redstone cited the economic damage to Cruise's value as an actor and producer from his controversial public behavior and views.[47][48] Cruise/Wagner Productions responded that Paramount's announcement was a face-saving move after the production company had successfully sought alternative financing from private equity firms.[49]

Industry analysts such as Edward Jay Epstein commented that the real reason for the split was most likely Paramount's discontent over Cruise/Wagner's exceptionally large share of DVD sales from the Mission: Impossible franchise.[50][51]

Management of United Artists

In November 2006, Cruise and Paula Wagner announced that they had taken over the film studio United Artists.[43] Cruise acts as a producer and star in films for United Artists, while Wagner serves as UA's chief executive.

Production began in 2007 of Valkyrie, a thriller based on the July 20, 1944 assassination attempt against Adolf Hitler. The film was acquired in March 2007 by United Artists. On March 21, 2007 Cruise signed on to play Claus von Stauffenberg, the protagonist. This project marked the second production to be greenlighted since Cruise and Wagner took control of United Artists. The first was its inaugural film, Lions for Lambs, directed by Robert Redford and starring Redford, Meryl Streep and Cruise. Lambs was released on November 9, 2007,[52] opening to unimpressive box office revenue and critical reception.

In August 2008, Wagner stepped down from her position at United Artists; she retains her stake in UA, which combined with Cruise's share amounts to 30 percent of the studio.[53]

Personal Life

Cruise has been divorced three times and has three children (two adopted and one biological).

In the early to mid-1980s, Cruise had relationships with older women, including Rebecca De Mornay,[54] three years his senior; Patti Scialfa,[55] nine years his senior; and Cher,[56] 16 years his senior.[57]

Marriage to Mimi Rogers

Cruise married actress Mimi Rogers on May 9, 1987.[58] They divorced on February 4, 1990. Rogers introduced Cruise to the Church of Scientology.[59]

Marriage to Nicole Kidman

Cruise met his second wife, actress Nicole Kidman, on the set of their film Days of Thunder (1990). The couple married on December 24, 1990. Cruise and Kidman adopted two children, Isabella Jane (born 1992) and Connor Antony (born 1995). In February 2001, Cruise filed for divorce from Kidman while she was unknowingly pregnant. The pregnancy ended in a miscarriage. In 2007, Kidman clarified rumors of a miscarriage early in her marriage to Cruise, saying in an interview, "It was wrongly reported," and explaining that she had actually had an ectopic pregnancy.[60] Before Kidman's next marriage to Keith Urban, she spoke of how much she still loved Cruise, saying in 2006: "He was huge; still is. To me, he was just Tom, but to everybody else, he is huge. But he was lovely to me. And I loved him. I still love him."[61]

Dating Penelope Cruz and Nazanin Boniadi

Cruise was next romantically linked with Penélope Cruz, his co-star in Vanilla Sky (2001). Their relationship ended in 2004.[62] An article in the October 2012 issue of Vanity Fair states that several sources have said that after the breakup with Cruz, the Church of Scientology launched a secret project to find Cruise a new girlfriend. According to those sources, a series of "auditions" of Scientologist actresses resulted in a short-lived relationship with British-Iranian actress Nazanin Boniadi, who subsequently left Scientology.[63]

The Church of Scientology and Cruise's lawyers issued strongly worded denials and threatened to sue, accusing Vanity Fair of "shoddy journalism" and "religious bigotry."[64] Journalist Roger Friedman later reported that he received an email from director and ex-Scientologist Paul Haggis confirming the story.[65][66]

Marriage to Katie Holmes

With Katie Holmes in May 2009

In April 2005, Cruise began dating actress Katie Holmes. On April 27 that year, Cruise and Holmes – dubbed "TomKat" by the media – made their first public appearance together in Rome.[67] A month later, Cruise publicly declared his love for Holmes on The Oprah Winfrey Show, famously jumping up and down on Winfrey's couch during the show.[68] On October 6, 2005, Cruise and Holmes announced they were expecting a child.[69] In April 2006 their daughter Suri was born.

On November 18, 2006, Holmes and Cruise were married at the 15th-century Odescalchi Castle in Bracciano, Italy, in a Scientology ceremony attended by many Hollywood stars.[70][71] The actors' publicist said the couple had "officialized" their marriage in Los Angeles the day before the Italian ceremony.[72] There has been widespread speculation that their marriage was arranged by the Church of Scientology.[73][74] David Miscavige, the head of the Church of Scientology, served as Cruise's best man.[75]

On June 29, 2012, Holmes filed for divorce from Cruise after five and a half years of marriage.[76][77] On July 9, 2012, the couple signed a divorce settlement worked out by their lawyers.[78] Because New York law requires that all divorce documents remain sealed, the exact terms of the settlement are not publicly available.[79]

Scientology

Tom Cruise and Mimi Rogers at the 1989 Oscars

Cruise is an outspoken advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs. He became involved with Scientology in 1990 through his first wife, Mimi Rogers.[80] Cruise struggled with dyslexia at an early age[81] and has said that Scientology, specifically the L. Ron Hubbard Study Tech, helped him overcome dyslexia.[82]

Cruise's advocacy of Scientology

In addition to promoting various programs that introduce people to Scientology, Cruise has campaigned for Scientology to be recognized as a religion in Europe. In 2005, the Paris city council revealed that Cruise had lobbied officials Nicolas Sarkozy and Jean-Claude Gaudin, described him as a spokesman and militant for Scientology, and barred any further dealings with him.[83][84]

Cruise co-founded and raised donations for Downtown Medical to offer New York City 9/11 rescue workers detoxification therapy based on the works of L. Ron Hubbard. This drew criticism from the medical profession[85] and from firefighters.[86]

For such activities, Scientology leader David Miscavige created the Scientology Freedom Medal of Valor and awarded it to Cruise in late 2004.[87]

Criticism of psychiatry

In January 2004, Cruise made the controversial statement "I think psychiatry should be outlawed."[88] Further controversy erupted in 2005 after he openly criticized actress Brooke Shields for using the drug Paxil (paroxetine), an anti-depressant to which Shields attributes her recovery from postpartum depression after the birth of her first daughter in 2003. Cruise asserted that there is no such thing as a chemical imbalance and that psychiatry is a form of pseudoscience. Shields responded that Cruise "should stick to saving the world from aliens and let women who are experiencing postpartum depression decide what treatment options are best for them".[89] This led to a heated argument between Matt Lauer and Cruise on NBC's Today on June 24, 2005.[90]

Medical authorities view Cruise's comments as furthering the social stigma of mental illness.[91][92] Shields herself called Cruise's comments "a disservice to mothers everywhere."[93] In late August 2006, Cruise apologized in person to Shields for his comments.[94]

Scientology is well known for its opposition to mainstream psychiatry and the psychoactive drugs which are routinely prescribed for treatment.[87] It was reported that Cruise's anti-psychiatry actions led to a rift with director Steven Spielberg.[95] Spielberg had reportedly mentioned in Cruise's presence the name of a doctor friend who prescribed psychiatric medication. Shortly thereafter, the doctor's office was picketed by Scientologists, reportedly angering Spielberg.[96]

YouTube video removal

Main article: Project Chanology § Tom Cruise video

On January 15, 2008, a video produced by the Church of Scientology featuring an interview with Cruise was posted on YouTube, showing Cruise discussing what being a Scientologist means to him.[97][98] The Church of Scientology said the video had been "pirated and edited," and was taken from a three-hour video produced for members of Scientology.[98][99] YouTube removed the Cruise video from their site under threat of litigation.[100]

After YouTube investigated this claim, they found that the video did not breach copyright law, as it is covered by the fair use clause. It was subsequently reinstated on the site, and as of November 2017, the video has achieved over 12 million views. YouTube has declined to remove it again, due to the popularity of the video, and subsequent changes to copyright policy of the Web site.[101]

Scientology's purported influence on Cruise's relationships

See also: § Relationships

In 2013, Cruise stated that ex-wife Katie Holmes divorced him in part to protect the couple's daughter Suri from Scientology. He also said that Suri is no longer a practicing member of the church.[102]

In March 2004, his publicist of 14 years, Pat Kingsley, resigned. Cruise's next publicist was Lee Anne DeVette, Cruise's sister, who was herself a Scientologist. She served in that role until November 2005.[103] DeVette was replaced with Paul Bloch from the publicity firm Rogers and Cowan.[104] Such restructuring was seen as a move to curtail publicity of his views on Scientology, as well as the controversy surrounding his relationship with Katie Holmes.[105][106]

The 2015 documentary Going Clear: Scientology and the Prison of Belief cast a spotlight on Cruise's role in Scientology. The film alleges that Cruise used Sea Org workers as a source of free labor.[107] In the film, Cruise's former auditor Marty Rathbun claims that wife Nicole Kidman was wiretapped on Tom Cruise's suggestion (which Cruise's lawyer denies).[108][109]

Legacy

Cruise and Katie Holmes interacting with fans in March 2006

In 2006, Premiere ranked Cruise as Hollywood's most powerful actor,[110] as Cruise came in at number 13 on the magazine's 2006 Power List, being the highest ranked actor.[111] The same year, Forbes magazine ranked him as the world's most powerful celebrity.[112] The founder of CinemaScore in 2016 cited Cruise and Leonardo DiCaprio as the "two stars, it doesn't matter how bad the film is, they can pull [the box office] up".[113]

In August 2006, Paramount cited Cruise's "recent conduct" as the reason they did not renew their production contract with him.[114] In addition, Marketing Evaluations reported that Cruise's Q score (a measure of the popularity of celebrities), had fallen 40 percent.[115][116]

October 10, 2006, was declared "Tom Cruise Day" in Japan; the Japan Memorial Day Association said that he was awarded with a special day because he has made more trips to Japan than any other Hollywood star.[117]

"Tom Cruise Picture"

While reviewing Days of Thunder, film critic Roger Ebert noted the similarities between several of Cruise's 1980s films and nicknamed the formula the Tom Cruise Picture. Some of Cruise's later films like A Few Good Men and The Last Samurai can also be considered to be part of this formula.

Widescreenings noted that for Tom Cruise's character Daniel Kaffee in A Few Good Men, "[screenwriter] Aaron Sorkin interestingly takes the opposite approach of Top Gun, where Cruise also starred as the protagonist. In Top Gun, Cruise plays Mitchell who is a 'hot shot' military underachiever who makes mistakes because he is trying to outperform his late father. Where Maverick Mitchell needs to rein in the discipline, Daniel Kaffee needs to let it go, finally see what he can do." Sorkin and director Rob Reiner are praised in gradually unveiling Kaffee's potential in the film.[118]

Litigation

During Cruise's marriage to Nicole Kidman, the couple endured a great deal of public speculation about their sex life and rumors that Cruise was gay. In 1998, he successfully sued the Daily Express, a British tabloid which alleged that his marriage to Kidman was a sham designed to cover up his homosexuality.[119]

In May 2001, he filed a lawsuit against gay porn actor Chad Slater. Slater had allegedly told the celebrity magazine Actustar that he had been involved in an affair with Cruise. This claim was strongly denied by Cruise,[120] and in August 2001, Slater was ordered to pay $10 million to Cruise in damages after Slater declared he could not afford to defend himself against the suit and would therefore default.[121]

Cruise also sued Bold Magazine publisher Michael Davis, who alleged but never confirmed that he had video that would prove Cruise was gay. The suit was dropped in exchange for a public statement by Davis that the video was not of Cruise, and that Cruise was heterosexual.[122]

In 2006, Cruise sued cybersquatter Jeff Burgar to obtain control of the TomCruise.com domain name. When owned by Burgar, the domain redirected to information about Cruise on Celebrity1000.com. The decision to turn TomCruise.com over to Cruise was handed down by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) on July 5, 2006.[123]

In 2009, Michael Davis Sapir filed a suit charging that his phone had been wiretapped at Cruise's behest. That suit was dropped due to statute of limitations.[124][125]

In October 2012, Cruise filed a lawsuit against In Touch and Life & Style for defamation after the magazines claimed Cruise had "abandoned" his six-year-old daughter.[126] During deposition, Cruise acknowledged that 110 days had passed without him seeing her. The suit was ultimately dropped.[127]

Selected filmography

Main article: Tom Cruise filmography

Awards and nominations

Main article: List of awards and nominations received by Tom Cruise

See also

References

  1. ^ "Tom Cruise Movie Box Office Results". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  2. ^ "Box Office Mojo - People Index". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  3. ^ "About Tom". Time. June 24, 2002. Retrieved February 3, 2013.
  4. ^ "Tom Cruise Biography". FilmReference.com. Retrieved October 17, 2007.
  5. ^ "If truth be told, Tom Cruise Mapother IV has always been something of a ladies' man" (PDF). Gloucesterhistory.com. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  6. ^ a b "Tom Cruise's Irish Ancestry". Eneclann.ie. March 28, 2013. Retrieved April 4, 2013.
  7. ^ "Ancestry of Tom Cruise". Wargs.com. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  8. ^ "The life and times of Mary Pauline Russell Cruise". Eneclann.ie.
  9. ^ Cruise, Tom (January 11, 2004). "Tom Cruise". Inside the Actors Studio. Interviewed by Interviewed by James Lipton.
  10. ^ "Ancestry of Tom Cruise". Genealogy.com. August 8, 2002. Archived from the original on May 9, 2006. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  11. ^ "North East Wales: Cruise's Welsh roots uncovered". BBC. January 18, 2004. Archived from the original on February 10, 2007. Retrieved March 31, 2010.
  12. ^ "Stars you didn't know were related". EW.com.
  13. ^ a b "I Can Create Who I Am". Parade. April 9, 2006. Archived from the original on April 12, 2011. Retrieved February 18, 2011.
  14. ^ a b c d e Morton, Andrew (January 15, 2008). Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography (PDF). Ch. 1. Macmillan. ISBN 9781429933902. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  15. ^ "Robert Hopkins School Profile" (PDF). ocdsb.ca. Ottawa-Carleton District School Board. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 17, 2013. Retrieved September 25, 2012.
  16. ^ Fisher, Luchina (July 10, 2012). "Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes: Very Different Upbringings". ABCNews.go.com. ABC. Retrieved October 13, 2016.
  17. ^ a b Morton, Andrew (January 15, 2008). Tom Cruise: An Unauthorized Biography. Macmillan. ISBN 9781429933902.
  18. ^ "New Jersey Entertainers". FamousNewJerseyans.com. Retrieved October 7, 2014.
  19. ^ "Risky Business". Rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  20. ^ "Obituary: Tony Scott". BBC News. August 20, 2012. Retrieved October 9, 2015.
  21. ^ "Ridley Scott's beautiful dark twisted fantasy: the making of Legend". The Daily Telegraph. London. October 9, 2015.
  22. ^ Go Figure, Entertainment Weekly, December 30, 1994.
  23. ^ "Mission: Impossible Reviews & Ratings – IMDb". IMDb. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  24. ^ a b "Tom Cruise". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  25. ^ "Tom Cruise Movies, News, and Pictures on Rotten Tomatoes". Rottentomatoes.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  26. ^ "Mission: Impossible III (2006)". Boxofficemojo.com. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  27. ^ "Valkyrie (2008)". Box Office Mojo. April 16, 2009. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  28. ^ "Knight and Day". Knightanddaymovie.com. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  29. ^ "Cruise to star in 'Mission: Impossible 4' – Entertainment – Access Hollywood". MSNBC. February 9, 2010. Retrieved July 31, 2010.
  30. ^ "Mission: Impossible Ghost Protocol (2011)". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved June 20, 2012.
  31. ^ "Mission: Impossible – Ghost Protocol (2011)". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved April 13, 2012.
  32. ^ Subers, Ray (February 7, 2012). "Around-the-World Roundup: 'M:I-4' Passes $600 Million Worldwide". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved February 13, 2012.
  33. ^ "Tom Cruise's Remarks on Receiving the Simon Wiesenthal Center's Humanitarian Award". Simon Wiesenthal Center. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  34. ^ Everett, Christina (May 15, 2012). "Tom Cruise flaunts his abs, fake tattoos in 'Rock of Ages'-inspired photo shoot for W magazine". Daily News. New York.
  35. ^ Schwarzbaum, Lisa (January 3, 2013). "Jack Reacher (2012)". Entertainment Weekly. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  36. ^ "Jack Reacher – Rotten Tomatoes". Rotten Tomatoes. Retrieved July 12, 2013.
  37. ^ "Jack Reacher". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  38. ^ "Oblivion". Metacritic. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  39. ^ "Oblivion". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved July 13, 2013.
  40. ^ "Tom Cruise Movie Box Office Results". Box Office Mojo. Retrieved August 9, 2015.
  41. ^ "Tom Cruise Signs to Star in Mission: Impossible 5". ComingSoon.net. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  42. ^ Mendelson, Scott (January 21, 2016). "Tom Cruise will officially star in the Mummy". Forbes. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  43. ^ a b "MGM Partners With Tom Cruise and Paula Wagner to Form New United Artists". Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer Studios. PR Newswire. November 2, 2006. Archived from the original on September 29, 2008.
  44. ^ Epstein, Edward Jay. "Tom Cruise Inc". Slate.com. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  45. ^ "The Devil In The White City movie, trailer, review, pics, pictures, poster, news, DVD". Thezreview.co.uk. Archived from the original on July 5, 2008. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  46. ^ "Tom Cruise Production Credits". IMDb.com. Retrieved January 22, 2016.
  47. ^ "CNN: Paramount Pictures cuts ties with Tom Cruise". CNN. August 23, 2006. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  48. ^ "Sumner Redstone Rebuke of Tom Cruise: Now What?". National Ledger. Archived from the original on September 30, 2007. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  49. ^ Lieberman, David (August 24, 2006). "Cruise seeks financial backing from hedge funds". USA Today. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  50. ^ "Paramount vs Cruise: all down to the killer cut". Financial Times. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  51. ^ Sperling, Nicole (August 24, 2006). "Biz eyeing economics of Cruise-Par breakup: DVD slowdown forcing restraint". The Hollywood Reporter. Archived from the original on January 13, 2009. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  52. ^ "Tom Cruise Takes on Adolf Hitler". Newsmax.com. March 21, 2007. Archived from the original on July 12, 2012. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  53. ^ Paula Wagner plans to step down at United Artists, an August 2008 article from the Los Angeles Times
  54. ^ "Cruise Control". Vh1. May 27, 2005. Archived from the original on June 29, 2011. Retrieved June 5, 2011.
  55. ^ "Romancing the Boss". People.com.
  56. ^ "Cher reveals affair with Tom Cruise". NewsComAu. Archived from the original on June 17, 2010. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  57. ^ Jason Larocque (2013). You Haven't Seen The Last of Me. Lulu.com. ISBN 130088858X.
  58. ^ "Now Married to Mimi Rogers, Tom's Cruising Days Are Over". People.com. Archived from the original on September 19, 2015.
  59. ^ Masters, Kim (September–October 2005). "The Passion of Tom Cruise". Radar. as excerpted by Radar at RadarOnline.com
  60. ^ Gordon, Meryl (November 11, 2007). "Nicole Kidman Tells It Like It Is". Marie Claire. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  61. ^ "Nicole Kidman says she still loves Tom Cruise". Today.msnbc.msn.com. May 9, 2006. Retrieved July 23, 2012.
  62. ^ "Cruise and Cruz end relationship". BBC News. March 26, 2004. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  63. ^ "Tom Cruise's Scientology Marriages: The Secret Wife-Auditioning Process Before Katie Holmes, Revealed". Vanity Fair. September 1, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  64. ^ Adams, Guy (September 11, 2012). "Scientology threatens Vanity Fair over Tom Cruise 'auditions' claims". The Independent. London. Retrieved September 12, 2012. Citing a mixture of "shoddy journalism" and "religious bigotry," the Church of Scientology is threatening to sue Vanity Fair over a recent article claiming that it helped "audition" young actresses to find a suitable girlfriend for Tom Cruise.
  65. ^ Friedman, Roger (September 2, 2012). "Exclusive: Oscar Winner Paul Haggis on Tom Cruise Scientology Girlfriend: 'I'm appalled that any church would treat its parishioners this way'". Showbiz411.com. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  66. ^ "Tom Cruise lawyer on Vanity Fair expose: 'Tired old lies'". CBS News. September 5, 2012. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  67. ^ Soriano, César G. (May 5, 2005). "Tom, Katie flying high on romance". USA Today.
  68. ^ Lynch, Jason (June 6, 2005). "Tom & Katie: Truly, Madly, Deeply". People.
  69. ^ Smith, Ryan E. (October 6, 2005). "Baby frenzy begins: Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise are expecting their first child together". The Blade
  70. ^ Soriano, César G (November 20, 2006). "Mr. and Mrs. TomKat: Inside their fairy-tale wedding". USA Today. Retrieved February 12, 2008.
  71. ^ "Cruise, Holmes exchange vows in castle". Toledo Blade. November 19, 2006. Archived from the original on February 3, 2008. Retrieved September 5, 2012.
  72. ^ Sanminiatelli, Maria (November 19, 2006). "Now they are one: The TomKat is officially united at long last." Orlando Sentinel.
  73. ^ "Holmes, Sweet Holmes". W. August 2005. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  74. ^ "An Inquiry Into the Very Public Private Marriage of Katie Holmes and Tom Cruise". Vulture. New York Media LLC. July 22, 2012. Retrieved July 30, 2012.
  75. ^ "Cruise and Holmes go on honeymoon". BBC News. November 19, 2006. Retrieved February 10, 2007.
  76. ^ "Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes to divorce". CNN Entertainment. June 29, 2012. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  77. ^ Heyman, J.D. (June 29, 2012). "Tom Cruise and Katie Holmes Are Divorcing". People. Retrieved June 29, 2012.
  78. ^ Duke, Alan (July 10, 2012). "Tom Cruise, Katie Holmes settle divorce". CNN. Retrieved July 9, 2012.
  79. ^ Sternberg, Louis. "Did Katie Holmes File for Divorce from Tom Cruise in New York to Protect Her Privacy?". Retrieved July 14, 2012.
  80. ^ "Cruise lobbies over Scientology". BBC News. January 30, 2002. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  81. ^ "Tom Cruise: My Struggle to Read". People.com. Retrieved April 2, 2015.
  82. ^ "Cruise credits Scientology for his success". msnbc.com. May 24, 2005. Retrieved May 11, 2008.
  83. ^ "Paris snubs Scientology 'militant' Cruise". Irish Examiner. July 13, 2005. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  84. ^ "Tom Cruise ne sera pas citoyen d'honneur de Paris" Archived April 25, 2012, at the Wayback Machine. (in French). July 12, 2005.
  85. ^ O'Donnell, Michelle (October 4, 2003). "Scientologist's Treatments Lure Firefighters". The New York Times.
  86. ^ Friedman, Roger (December 22, 2006). "Tom Cruise Can't Put Out These Fires". Fox News. Archived from the original on January 9, 2007. Retrieved December 30, 2006.
  87. ^ a b Maureen Orth (October 2012). "What Katie Didn't Know". Vanity Fair.
  88. ^ Desai, Nimesh (October–December 2005). "Antipsychiatry: Meeting the challenge". Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 47 (4): 185–187. doi:10.4103/0019-5545.43048. PMC 2921130. PMID 20711302.
  89. ^ "Brooke Shields Lashes Out at Tom Cruise". People. New York City: Meredith Corporation. June 2, 2005. Retrieved July 8, 2018.
  90. ^ "In tense moment, Cruise calls Lauer 'glib'". msnbc.com. June 28, 2005.
  91. ^ Pemberton, Max (April 17, 2006). "Alien soul theory is no cure for depression". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
  92. ^ "Psychotropic drugs: unhelpful and helpful comments". The Lancet. London, England: Elsevier. 366 (9480): 96. July 9, 2005. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)66841-9. PMID 16010708.
  93. ^ Shields, Brooke (July 1, 2005). "War of Words". The New York Times. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
  94. ^ "Shields: Cruise apology was 'heartfelt'". USA Today. Associated Press. September 2, 2006. Retrieved June 20, 2011.
  95. ^ "Spielberg in Cruise Meltdown". myway.com. Archived from the original on September 30, 2005.
  96. ^ Auletta, Ken (July 24, 2006). "Hollywood Ending". The New Yorker.
  97. ^ Warne, Dan (January 24, 2008). "'Anonymous' threatens to 'dismantle' Church of Scientology via internet". APC Magazine. National Nine News.
  98. ^ a b "Hacker Group Declares War On Scientology: Group Upset Over Church's Handling Of Tom Cruise Video". Los Angeles: KNBC. January 24, 2008. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
  99. ^ "Report: Church of Scientology Slams German Tabloid for Publishing Comments Comparing Tom Cruise to Nazi Minister". Fox News. January 23, 2008. Archived from the original on June 5, 2009. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
  100. ^ Vamosi, Robert (January 24, 2008). "Anonymous hackers take on the Church of Scientology". CNET News. CNET Networks, Inc. Retrieved January 25, 2008.
  101. ^ Tom Cruise Scientology Video – (Original UNCUT). YouTube (January 17, 2008). Retrieved on May 12, 2014.
  102. ^ Marcus, Stephanie (November 8, 2013). "Tom Cruise Admits Katie Holmes Divorced Him To Protect Suri From Scientology". The Huffington Post.
  103. ^ Gardner, Chris (November 6, 2005). "Cruise will go with pro". Variety. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  104. ^ "Cruise Control Shifts Gears". Yahoo! Entertainment. November 8, 2005. Archived from the original on May 21, 2006.
  105. ^ Helmore, Edward (June 4, 2005). "What's eating Tom Cruise?". The Observer. London. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  106. ^ Oringer, Heidi (May 31, 2005). "Is Tom's Love Life Cruisin' for a Bruisin'?". ABC News. Retrieved October 31, 2008.
  107. ^ "Tom Cruise's secret Scientology girlfriend Nazanin Boniadi". Business Insider. April 1, 2015.
  108. ^ "Scientology leaders 'ordered Nicole Kidman wiretap' during Tom Cruise marriage". The Daily Telegraph. London. January 26, 2015.
  109. ^ "Controversial Scientology Documentary Alleges Tom Cruise Wiretapped Nicole Kidman's Phone, Church Slams Claims". E! Online.
  110. ^ "The Power List 2006". Premiere. June 2006. Archived from the original on January 20, 2007. Retrieved July 29, 2008.
  111. ^ "The Power List 2006". Premiere. Archived from the original on January 20, 2007. Retrieved July 3, 2012.
  112. ^ "Tom Cruise ranked 1 among The Top 100 Celebrities In 2006". Forbes. May 1, 2007. Archived from the original on June 17, 2006. Retrieved May 1, 2007.
  113. ^ Lawrence, Christopher (August 30, 2016). "Las Vegan's polling company keeps tabs on Hollywood". Las Vegas Review-Journal.
  114. ^ "Paramount Drops Cruise". San Diego Union-Tribune. August 23, 2006. Archived from the original on February 3, 2009. Retrieved January 20, 2009.
  115. ^ "Q Scores: Tom Cruise's popularity has dropped". China Daily. August 29, 2006. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  116. ^ "WSJ: What Tom Cruise's "Q scores" reveal". May 1, 2006. Archived from the original on June 29, 2013. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  117. ^ "Tom Cruise Day". Hollywood.com. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  118. ^ Dlouhy, Inspired by R. Swanson and CrystalX by Vit. "Review and analysis: A Few Good Men". Widescreenings.com. Retrieved October 7, 2017.
  119. ^ "Cruise and Kidman win libel case". BBC News. October 29, 1998. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  120. ^ Davis, Simon (May 4, 2001). "Cruise sues porn star over gay love claims". The Daily Telegraph. London. Retrieved May 6, 2013.
  121. ^ "Cruise wins 'gay' claims legal battle". BBC News. January 16, 2003. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  122. ^ "Cruise gay claims dropped". BBC News. December 1, 2001. Retrieved April 15, 2012.
  123. ^ Arbitration and Mediation Center (July 5, 2006). "WIPO Domain Name Decision: D2006-0560". Arbiter.wipo.int. Retrieved August 8, 2009.
  124. ^ "Tom Cruise Accused of Wiretap Conspiracy With Convicted Criminal Anthony Pellicano During Nicole Kidman Divorce". Celebuzz.
  125. ^ "Tom Cruise, Bert Fields Win Dismissal of Pellicano Wiretapping Suit". TheWrap.
  126. ^ "Tom Cruise Files $50 Mil Lawsuit Over Mag Claiming He Abandoned Suri". TMZ. October 24, 2012. Retrieved October 24, 2012.
  127. ^ "Tom Cruise settles $50M lawsuit over reports he 'abandoned' Suri". New York Daily News.

External links

Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Tom_Cruise&oldid=871594278"