1.
Austin, Texas
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Austin is the capital of the U. S. state of Texas and the seat of Travis County. It is the 11th-most populous city in the U. S. and it is the fastest growing large city in the United States and the second most populous capital city after Phoenix, Arizona. As of the U. S. Census Bureaus July 1,2015 estimate and it is the cultural and economic center of the Austin–Round Rock metropolitan area, which had an estimated population of 2,056,405 as of July 1,2016. In the 1830s, pioneers began to settle the area in central Austin along the Colorado River, in 1839, the site was officially chosen to replace Houston as the new capital of the Republic of Texas and was incorporated under the name Waterloo. Shortly thereafter, the name was changed to Austin in honor of Stephen F. Austin, the Father of Texas and the republics first secretary of state. The city subsequently grew throughout the 19th century and became a center for government and education with the construction of the Texas State Capitol and the University of Texas at Austin. After a lull in growth from the Great Depression, Austin resumed its development into a city and, by the 1980s, it emerged as a center for technology. A number of Fortune 500 companies have headquarters or regional offices in Austin, including Amazon. com, cisco, eBay, Google, IBM, Intel, Oracle Corporation, Texas Instruments, 3M, and Whole Foods Market. Dells worldwide headquarters is located in nearby Round Rock, a suburb of Austin, residents of Austin are known as Austinites. They include a mix of government employees, college students, musicians, high-tech workers, blue-collar workers. The city also adopted Silicon Hills as a nickname in the 1990s due to an influx of technology. In the late 1800s, Austin was known as the City of the Violet Crown because of the glow of light across the hills just after sunset. Even today, many Austin businesses use the term Violet Crown in their name, Austin is known as a clean-air city for its stringent no-smoking ordinances that apply to all public places and buildings, including restaurants and bars. The FBI ranked Austin as the second-safest major city in the U. S. for the year 2012, U. S. News & World Report named Austin the best place to live in the U. S. in 2017. Austin, Travis County and Williamson County have been the site of habitation since at least 9200 BC. When settlers arrived from Europe, the Tonkawa tribe inhabited the area, the Comanches and Lipan Apaches were also known to travel through the area. Spanish colonists, including the Espinosa-Olivares-Aguirre expedition, traveled through the area for centuries, in 1730, three missions from East Texas were combined and reestablished as one mission on the south side of the Colorado River, in what is now Zilker Park, in Austin. The mission was in area for only about seven months
2.
Parsons School of Design
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Parsons School of Design is a private art and design college located in the Greenwich Village neighborhood of Lower Manhattan in New York City. It is one of the five colleges of The New School, Parsons was the first school in the United States to offer programs in fashion design, advertising, interior design, and graphic design. Parsons offers 13 undergraduate bachelors programs and 17 graduate masters programs and it is currently ranked as the #1 art and design school in the United States and #2 in the world, just behind the Royal College of Art in London. Parsons is a member of the National Association of Schools of Art and Design, First established as the Chase School, the institution was founded in 1896 by the American impressionist painter William Merritt Chase. Chase led a group of Progressives who seceded from the Art Students League of New York in search of a more free, more dramatic. The Chase School changed its name in 1898 to the New York School of Art, a few years later, he became president of the New York School of Art. Anticipating a new wave of the Industrial Revolution, Parsons predicted that art and his vision was borne out in a series of firsts for the School, establishing the first program in Fashion Design, Interior Design, Advertising, and Graphic Design in the United States. In 1909, the school was renamed the New York School of Fine, Parsons became sole director in 1911, a position which he maintained to his death in 1930. William M. Odom, who established the schools Paris Ateliers in 1921, as the modern curriculum developed, many successful designers remained closely tied to the School, and by the mid-1960s, Parsons had become the training ground for Seventh Avenue. In 1970, the School became a division of the New School for Social Research, the campus moved from Sutton Place to Greenwich Village in 1972. The merger with a vigorous, fully accredited university was a source of new funding and energy, in 2005, when the parent institution was renamed The New School, Parsons School of Design was renamed Parsons The New School for Design. As of 2015, the School has been renamed The New Schools Parsons School of Design, like most universities in New York City, Parsons campus is spread among scattered buildings, but the main building is located at 13th Street and 5th Avenue. Many other facilities are in buildings shared by other colleges in The New School, Parsons also has a campus abroad located in Paris’s First Arrondissement, known as Parsons Paris. 2 West 13th Street is most commonly known as the Sheila Johnson Design Center, the main Parsons campus is located at 2 West 13th Street in Greenwich Village in the borough of Manhattan. The renovation of the existing structures first and mezzanine levels was made possible in part by a $7 million gift from New School Trustee, the Urban Quad was designed by Lyn Rice Architects and encompasses a total area of 32,800 square feet. In addition to classrooms, the building includes the Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Gallery and Auditorium, the renovated ground floor also provides a new home for the Anna-Maria and Stephen Kellen Archives, a collection of drawings, photographs, letters, and objects documenting 20th-century design. The building hosts the Adam and Sophie Gimbel Design Library, a resource collection supporting art, architecture, the collection consists of approximately 45,000 book volumes,350 periodical titles,70,000 slides and 45,000 picture files. Special collections holdings number over 4,000, including many rare, in 2014 the fashion department moved from its Garment District location, the David M Schwartz Fashion Education Center, to the main campus in Greenwich Village
3.
Gucci
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Gucci is an Italian luxury brand of fashion and leather goods, part of the Gucci Group, which is owned by the French holding company Kering. Gucci was founded by Guccio Gucci in Florence in 1921, Gucci is also the biggest-selling Italian brand. Gucci operates about 278 directly operated stores worldwide as of September 2009, in the year 2013, the brand was valued at US$12.1 billion, with sales of US$4.7 billion. In the Forbes Worlds Most Valuable Brands list, Gucci is ranked the 38th most valuable brand, as of January 2015, the creative director is Alessandro Michele. With beginnings at the end of the 19th century, the Gucci company became one of the world’s most successful manufacturers of leather goods, clothing. As an immigrant hotel worker in Paris and later London, young Guccio Gucci was impressed with the luggage he saw urbane guests bring with them. Before leaving, he visited the manufacturer, H. J. Cave & Sons, upon returning to his birthplace of Florence, a city distinguished for high-quality materials and skilled artisans, he established a shop in 1920 that sold fine leather goods with classic styling. Although Gucci organized his workrooms for industrial methods of production, he maintained traditional aspects of fabrication, initially, Gucci employed skilled workers in basic Florentine leather crafts, attentive to finishing. With expansion, machine stitching was a method that supported construction. Together with three of his sons, Aldo Gucci, Vasco Gucci, and Rodolfo Gucci, Gucci expanded the company to include stores in Milan and Rome as well as additional shops in Florence. Guccis stores featured such finely crafted leather accessories as handbags, shoes, the company made handbags of cotton canvas rather than leather during World War II as a result of material shortages. The canvas, however, was distinguished by a signature double-G symbol combined with prominent red, after the war, the Gucci crest, which showed a shield and armored knight surrounded by a ribbon inscribed with the family name, became synonymous with the city of Florence. Aldo and Rodolfo Gucci further expanded the horizons in 1953 by establishing offices in New York City. Film stars and jet-set travelers to Italy during the 1950s and 1960s brought their glamour to Florence, movie stars posed in Guccis clothing, accessories, and footwear for lifestyle magazines around the world, contributing to the company’s growing reputation. Guccis distinctive lines made its products among the most frequently copied in the world in the early 2000s, pigskin, calf, and imported exotic animal skins were subjected to various methods of fabrication. Waterproof canvas and satin were used for evening bags, bamboo was first used to make handbag handles by a process of heating and molding in 1947, and purses made with a shoulder strap and snaffle-bit decoration were introduced in 1960. In 1964 Gucci’s lush butterfly pattern was custom-created for silk foulards, the original Gucci loafer was updated by a distinctive snaffle-bit ornament in 1966, while the Rolls-Royce luggage set was introduced in 1970. Watches, jewelry, ties, and eyewear were then added to the product lines
4.
Yves Saint Laurent (brand)
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Yves Saint Laurent YSL is a French luxury fashion house founded by Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé. Saint Laurent Paris revived its haute couture collection in 2015 under creative director Hedi Slimane, the new collection, Yves Saint Laurent Couture or Saint Laurent Paris 24, Rue de L’Université is the French houses first couture collection ever since the retirement of its legendary founder in 2002. Founded in 1961 it has considered one of the worlds most prominent fashion houses and known for its modern and iconic pieces. Today Saint Laurent Paris markets a range of womens and mens ready-to-wear products, leather goods, shoes. Yves Saint Laurent Beauté also has a presence in the luxury beauty market. Competitors to Yves Saint Laurent include, among many, the houses of Chanel, Burberry, Dior, Gucci, Louis Vuitton. The eponymous brand was founded by designer Yves Saint Laurent and his partner, Pierre Bergé in 1961, some of his most memorable collections include the Pop Art, Ballet Russes, Picasso, and Chinese ones. He also started mainstreaming the idea of wearing silhouettes from the 1920s, 1930s and 1940s and he was the first, in 1966, to popularize ready-to-wear in an attempt to democratize fashion, with Rive Gauche and a boutique of the same name. Ambassador to the couturier during the late 1970s and early 1980s was London socialite millionairess Diane Vandelli, making the brand more popular among the European jet-set. The brand continued to expand in the 1980s and early 1990s with fragrances for men and women, having launched its cosmetic line in 1978. However, by 1992 the companys profits were declining and the share price had fallen. In 1993, the Saint Laurent fashion house was sold to the pharmaceuticals company Sanofi, in the 1998–1999 seasons, Alber Elbaz, formerly of Lanvin, designed three ready-to-wear collections. Pierre Bergé appointed Hedi Slimane as collections and art director in 1997, Hedi Slimane decided to leave the house two years later, and became head of couture menswear at Dior Homme. In 1999, Gucci bought the YSL brand and asked Tom Ford to design the collection while Saint Laurent would design the haute couture collection. In 2002, dogged by years of health, drug abuse, depression, alcoholism. Reflecting on his career and impact on the industry, Saint Laurent was heavily quoted around the world for stating, Chanel freed women. Saint Laurent also stated, I created the contemporary womans wardrobe, the prêt-à-porter line was produced under the direction of Stefano Pilati after Tom Ford left in 2004. His style was decidedly more French than the overtly sexy image that Tom Ford propagated
5.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
6.
A Single Man
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A Single Man is a 2009 American drama film based on the novel of the same name by Christopher Isherwood. The film premiered on September 11,2009 at the 66th Venice International Film Festival, after it screened at the 34th Toronto International Film Festival, The Weinstein Company picked it up for distribution in the United States and Germany. An initial limited run in the United States commenced on December 11,2009, George dreams that he encounters the body of his longtime partner, Jim, at the scene of the car accident that took Jims life eight months earlier. After awakening, George delivers a voiceover discussing the pain and depression he has endured since Jims death, George receives a phone call from his dearest friend, Charley, who projects lightheartedness despite her being equally miserable. George goes about his day putting his affairs in order and focusing on the beauty of isolated events, throughout, there are flashbacks to George and Jims sixteen-year-long relationship. During the school day George comes into contact with a student, Kenny Potter, George also forms an unexpected connection with a Spanish male prostitute, Carlos. That evening George meets Charley for dinner, though they initially reminisce and amuse themselves by dancing, Charleys desire for a deeper relationship with George and her failure to understand his relationship with Jim angers George. George goes to a bar and discovers that Kenny has followed him and they get a round of drinks, go skinny dipping, and then return to Georges house and continue drinking. George passes out and wakes up alone in bed with Kenny asleep in another room, George gets up and while watching Kenny discovers that he had fallen asleep holding Georges gun, taken from the desktop, to keep George from committing suicide. George locks the gun away, burns his notes and in a closing voiceover explains how he has rediscovered the ability to feel. As he makes peace with his grief, George suffers a heart attack and he is a cousin of Jim who phones George to inform him of his partners death. Fashion designer Tom Ford, as a director, financed the film himself. The film places emphasis on the culture of the 1960s, the design is by the same team that designed AMC televisions Mad Men. Mad Men star Jon Hamm has a voice cameo as Georges lovers cousin. The actual house where the character George lives in the film was designed in 1948 by John Lautner, the film was shot in 21 days, according to The Making of A Single Man on the DVD. An early theatrical poster for A Single Man featured a shot of Colin Firth and Julianne Moore lying side by side, their arms. This led to speculation that the gay content and themes were being deleted or diminished in its marketing materials to improve its chances of success with a wider audience. A new poster with Moore relocated to the background was issued, speaking of the controversy, Moore said that director Tom Ford expressed concern that the original poster made the film appear to be a romantic comedy and that he ordered that the poster be changed
7.
Houston
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Houston is the most populous city in the state of Texas and the fourth-most populous city in the United States. With a census-estimated 2014 population of 2.239 million within an area of 667 square miles, it also is the largest city in the southern United States and the seat of Harris County. Located in Southeast Texas near the Gulf of Mexico, it is the city of Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land. Houston was founded on August 28,1836, near the banks of Buffalo Bayou and incorporated as a city on June 5,1837. The city was named after former General Sam Houston, who was president of the Republic of Texas and had commanded, the burgeoning port and railroad industry, combined with oil discovery in 1901, has induced continual surges in the citys population. Houstons economy has an industrial base in energy, manufacturing, aeronautics. Leading in health care sectors and building equipment, Houston has more Fortune 500 headquarters within its city limits than any city except for New York City. The Port of Houston ranks first in the United States in international waterborne tonnage handled, the city has a population from various ethnic and religious backgrounds and a large and growing international community. Houston is the most diverse city in Texas and has described as the most diverse in the United States. It is home to cultural institutions and exhibits, which attract more than 7 million visitors a year to the Museum District. Houston has a visual and performing arts scene in the Theater District. In August 1836, two real estate entrepreneurs from New York, Augustus Chapman Allen and John Kirby Allen, purchased 6,642 acres of land along Buffalo Bayou with the intent of founding a city. The Allen brothers decided to name the city after Sam Houston, the general at the Battle of San Jacinto. The great majority of slaves in Texas came with their owners from the slave states. Sizable numbers, however, came through the slave trade. New Orleans was the center of trade in the Deep South. Thousands of enslaved African Americans lived near the city before the Civil War, many of them near the city worked on sugar and cotton plantations, while most of those in the city limits had domestic and artisan jobs. Houston was granted incorporation on June 5,1837, with James S. Holman becoming its first mayor, in the same year, Houston became the county seat of Harrisburg County and the temporary capital of the Republic of Texas
8.
San Marcos, Texas
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San Marcos is a city in the U. S. state of Texas, within the Austin–Round Rock–San Marcos metropolitan area. The city is on the Interstate 35 corridor between Austin and San Antonio and is the seat of Hays County, the city limits extend into Caldwell and Guadalupe Counties, as well. Its population was 44,894 in 2010, in 2015 the U. S. Census Bureau estimated the population at 60,684 Founded on the banks of the San Marcos River, the area is thought to be among the oldest continuously inhabited sites in the Americas. San Marcos is home to Texas State University and the Meadows Center for Water, in 2010, San Marcos was listed in Business Weeks fourth annual survey of the Best Places to Raise your Kids. In 2013 and 2014, the United States Census Bureau named San Marcos the fastest-growing city in the United States, in December 2013, San Marcos was named #9 on Business Insiders list of the 10 Most Exciting Small Cities In America. San Marcos is in Central Texas and it is 30 miles southwest of Austin and 51 miles northeast of San Antonio. According to the United States Census Bureau, in 2010, the city had an area of 30.3 square miles, of which 30.2 square miles was land and 0.1 square miles. Interstate 35 is the highway through the city, with access from Exits 199 through 208. The city is situated on the Balcones Fault, the boundary between the Hill Country to the west and the Coastal Plains to the east. Along the fault, many springs emerge, such as San Marcos Springs, the eastern part of the city is blackland prairie. The western part consists of forested or grassy rolling hills, often marked with cacti, the San Marcos River and the Blanco River, part of the Guadalupe watershed, flow through the city, along with Cottonwood Creek, Purgatory Creek, Sink Creek, and Willow Springs Creek. The climate in this area is characterized by hot, humid summers and generally mild to cool winters, annual precipitation is about 34 inches, almost all is rain. According to the Köppen climate classification system, San Marcos has a subtropical climate. For primary and secondary education, San Marcos is served by the San Marcos Consolidated Independent School District, San Marcos High School is the districts sole high school. San Marcos Baptist Academy, a high school, is in the city. Texas State University is a four year university in town, the Forensic Anthropology Center at Texas State is one of the four extant body farms in the United States and the largest such forensics research facility in the world. Along with its access to air travel, the city has ready access to several freight routes and IH-35 and IH-10. The access points of the area provide a route to major cities in Texas such as Austin, San Antonio, Dallas
9.
Santa Fe, New Mexico
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Santa Fe is the capital of the state of New Mexico. It is the fourth-largest city in the state and is the seat of Santa Fe County and this area was occupied for at least several hundred years by indigenous peoples who built villages. The city of Santa Fe, founded by Spanish colonists in 1610, is known as the oldest state capital city in the United States, Santa Fe had a population of 69,204 in 2012. It is the city of a Metropolitan Statistical Area which encompasses all of Santa Fe County and is part of the larger Albuquerque–Santa Fe–Las Vegas combined statistical area. The citys full name when founded was La Villa Real de la Santa Fe de San Francisco de Asís, the area of Santa Fe was originally occupied by indigenous Tanoan peoples, who lived in numerous Pueblo villages along the Rio Grande. One of the earliest known settlements in what today is downtown Santa Fe came sometime after 900, the river had a year-round flow until the 1700s. By the 20th century the Santa Fe River was a seasonal waterway, as of 2007, the river was recognized as the most endangered river in the United States, according to the conservation group American Rivers. Don Juan de Oñate led the first European effort to colonize the region in 1598, under Juan de Oñate and his son, the capital of the province was the settlement of San Juan de los Caballeros north of Santa Fe near modern Ohkay Owingeh Pueblo. In 1610, he designated it as the capital of the province, Santa Fe remained Spains provincial seat until the outbreak of the Mexican War of Independence in 1810. It was considered important to fur traders based in present-day Saint Louis, when the area was still under Spanish rule, the Chouteau brothers of Saint Louis gained a monopoly on the fur trade, before the United States acquired Missouri under the Louisiana Purchase of 1803. The fur trade contributed to the wealth of St. Louis, the citys status as the capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México was formalized in the 1824 Constitution after Mexico achieved independence from Spain. When the Republic of Texas seceded from Mexico in 1836, it claimed Santa Fe as part of the portion of Texas along the Rio Grande. In 1841, a military and trading expedition set out from Austin. Known as the Texan Santa Fe Expedition, the force was prepared and was easily captured by the Mexican army. In 1846, the United States declared war on Mexico, brigadier General Stephen W. Kearny led the main body of his Army of the West of some 1,700 soldiers into Santa Fe to claim it and the whole New Mexico Territory for the United States. By 1848 the U. S. officially gained New Mexico through the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, colonel Alexander William Doniphan, under the command of Kearny, recovered ammunition from Santa Fe labeled Spain 1776. This showed that New Mexico had received munitions and other support under Mexican rule, some American visitors at first saw little promise in the remote town. One traveller in 1849 wrote, I can hardly imagine how Santa Fe is supported, the country around it is barren
10.
St. Michael's High School
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St. Michaels High School is a private Catholic junior/senior high school located in Santa Fe, New Mexico. It is privately run under the auspices of the international Institute of the Brothers of the Christian Schools, St. Michaels teaches grades 7 through 12 and has an enrollment of approximately 600 students. The school has a structure and is overseen by a Board of Trustees. The school operates on a trimester schedule, St. Michaels High School was founded in 1859 as El Colegio de San Miguel in an adobe hut next to the San Miguel Mission on Old Santa Fe Trail, just east of the current state capitol building. In 1968 it moved to its current location at 100 Siringo Road in Santa Fe, prior to the construction of the school at its Siringo Road location, the high school took on boarders from New Mexico and other states. Jean-Baptiste Lamy, the first bishop and archbishop of Santa Fe, New Mexico, Brothers Hilarien, Gondulph, Geramius and Galmier Joseph arrived on October 27,1859, after two and a half months of travel by ship, train and covered wagon. In 1870, the nearly closed due to financial hardship and falling morale of the Brothers. Brother Peter J. Schneider, known as Brother Botulph, arrived to open a novitiate to train local student Brothers, in 1874, the territorial legislature granted the school a charter as the College of the Christian Brothers of New Mexico. In 1876, St. Michaels conferred diplomas on its first graduates, after World War I, the college program was dropped due to financial concerns. Since 1967 there has been a gradual but steady increase in the number of lay teachers at St. Michaels, as the Brothers grow older and retire. In 1988, St. Michaels admitted its first lay person to the Board of Trustees and soon after hired its first lay, for many years, St. Michaels was primarily a boarding school. The two story building next to San Miguel Chapel was a dormitory for male high school students, when the school moved to its current location, it became solely a day school. And the old campus was sold to the State of New Mexico. In 1957, students at St. Michaels helped tear down old barracks at Los Alamos, a large number of students participated in this on weekends. Sitting in the Electric Chair was always popular, School dances were regularly held with the students of Loretto Academy. The BIG football rivalry was St. Michaels against Santa Fe High School, students regularly went ice skating at a resivor new Las Vegas, NM. These things were all experienced by Lynton Bill Sterwart, while a student at St. Michaels in 1957/1958, the schools campus covers 25 acres, and includes two gymnasiums, athletics fields, and other facilities. St. St. Michaels athletic nickname is the Horsemen, the school has won over 69 State Championships from NMAA sanctioned sports and events
11.
Santa Fe Preparatory School
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The school was founded in February 1961. The school opened its doors 1963 at a campus on Canyon Road, in the early 1970s, Santa Fe Prep moved to its current site, a 13-acre campus near the Sangre de Cristo Mountains, adjacent to the Santa Fe campus of St. Johns College. Santa Fe Preps current address is 1101 Camino de Cruz Blanca,87505, Santa Fe, in 2001 Prep built a new School Commons. In 2006 the school completed a LEED Gold-certified library building houses approximately 11,000 volumes. The campus is also the location of the Meem Art Building, anna Gunn Tom Ford Brad Sherwood Miguel Sandoval Raul Midón Peter Sarkisian
12.
Bard College at Simon's Rock
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Bard College at Simons Rock, more commonly known as Simons Rock, is a residential four-year liberal arts college located in Great Barrington, Massachusetts, USA. Bard College at Simons Rock is a unit of Bard College, the school is an early college, designed for students to enroll immediately after completing the tenth or eleventh grade, rather than after graduating from high school. Simons Rock is the only accredited four-year early college to date and it is one of a number of early college entrance programs that provide opportunities for students to enter college one or more years ahead of their traditional high school graduation date. A majority of students transfer to larger institutions after receiving an Associate of Arts degree after two years, although many stay for four to receive a Bachelor of Arts, the college has received numerous accolades for the quality of education provided to students. The Princeton Review gives Simons Rock an academic rating of 99 out of 100, U. S. News and World Report ranks Simons Rock eleventh among baccalaureate colleges in the Northern U. S. Washington Monthly ranked Simons Rock first among baccalaureate colleges in the nation in 2010. Simons Rock is located on a 275-acre campus in Great Barrington, students may also hold one of several concentrations available under Interdivisonal Studies. Over 40 concentrations are available, including art history, Asian studies, chemistry, mathematics, physics, the school offers study abroad and independent study opportunities, as well as a 3/2 dual-degree program with Columbia University for those who wish to pursue engineering. Similar programs are available with Dartmouth College and Washington University in St. Louis, students are encouraged to spend one or more terms at Lincoln College or St Catherines College in the University of Oxford, or at other institutions during their time as a Simons Rock enrollee. While many students receive degrees after two years and transfer to other institutions, around half stay and moderate into the Simons Rock B. A. program. Those who wish to remain eligible for a degree must complete senior theses, which become professionally printed, archived. Classes are discussion-oriented, with lecture based offerings largely limited to low-level science courses, the system is predicated on the idea that the students bring as much value to the class as the professors. In fact, orientation for incoming students is a mandatory week-long writing and thinking workshop, designed to readjust students to pedagogical and it is a school policy that teachers are referred to on a first-name basis. For example, students dont refer to the dean as Dr. Bernard Rodgers. Professors never receive tenure as a matter of policy, there are only about 400 students, resulting in a very low student-to-faculty ratio, around 8,1. Few classes have more than 15 students, none have more than 30, some classes have as few as three students, and independent study or tutorial courses in which one student works closely with a professor are common. The llama is the mascot of Bard College at Simons Rock and this is due to the proximity of the college soccer fields to Seekonk Veterinary Hospital, a veterinary clinic that, at one time, had a llama pasture. Interscholastic sports offered at the school soccer, basketball. All students at Simons Rock are required to fulfill athletic requirements through the Active Community Engagement Program
13.
New York City
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The City of New York, often called New York City or simply New York, is the most populous city in the United States. With an estimated 2015 population of 8,550,405 distributed over an area of about 302.6 square miles. Located at the tip of the state of New York. Home to the headquarters of the United Nations, New York is an important center for international diplomacy and has described as the cultural and financial capital of the world. Situated on one of the worlds largest natural harbors, New York City consists of five boroughs, the five boroughs – Brooklyn, Queens, Manhattan, The Bronx, and Staten Island – were consolidated into a single city in 1898. In 2013, the MSA produced a gross metropolitan product of nearly US$1.39 trillion, in 2012, the CSA generated a GMP of over US$1.55 trillion. NYCs MSA and CSA GDP are higher than all but 11 and 12 countries, New York City traces its origin to its 1624 founding in Lower Manhattan as a trading post by colonists of the Dutch Republic and was named New Amsterdam in 1626. The city and its surroundings came under English control in 1664 and were renamed New York after King Charles II of England granted the lands to his brother, New York served as the capital of the United States from 1785 until 1790. It has been the countrys largest city since 1790, the Statue of Liberty greeted millions of immigrants as they came to the Americas by ship in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is a symbol of the United States and its democracy. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. Several sources have ranked New York the most photographed city in the world, the names of many of the citys bridges, tapered skyscrapers, and parks are known around the world. Manhattans real estate market is among the most expensive in the world, Manhattans Chinatown incorporates the highest concentration of Chinese people in the Western Hemisphere, with multiple signature Chinatowns developing across the city. Providing continuous 24/7 service, the New York City Subway is one of the most extensive metro systems worldwide, with 472 stations in operation. Over 120 colleges and universities are located in New York City, including Columbia University, New York University, and Rockefeller University, during the Wisconsinan glaciation, the New York City region was situated at the edge of a large ice sheet over 1,000 feet in depth. The ice sheet scraped away large amounts of soil, leaving the bedrock that serves as the foundation for much of New York City today. Later on, movement of the ice sheet would contribute to the separation of what are now Long Island and Staten Island. The first documented visit by a European was in 1524 by Giovanni da Verrazzano, a Florentine explorer in the service of the French crown and he claimed the area for France and named it Nouvelle Angoulême. Heavy ice kept him from further exploration, and he returned to Spain in August and he proceeded to sail up what the Dutch would name the North River, named first by Hudson as the Mauritius after Maurice, Prince of Orange
14.
New York University
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New York University is a private nonprofit research university based in New York City. Founded in 1831, NYU is considered one of the worlds most influential research universities, University rankings compiled by Times Higher Education, U. S. News & World Report, and the Academic Ranking of World Universities all rank NYU amongst the top 32 universities in the world. NYU is a part of the creativity, energy and vibrancy that is Manhattan, located with its core in Greenwich Village. Among its faculty and alumni are 37 Nobel Laureates, over 30 Pulitzer Prize winners, over 30 Academy Award winners, alumni include heads of state, royalty, eminent mathematicians, inventors, media figures, Olympic medalists, CEOs of Fortune 500 companies, and astronauts. NYU alumni are among the wealthiest in the world, according to The Princeton Review, NYU is consistently considered by students and parents as a Top Dream College. Albert Gallatin, Secretary of Treasury under Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, declared his intention to establish in this immense, a system of rational and practical education fitting and graciously opened to all. A three-day-long literary and scientific convention held in City Hall in 1830 and these New Yorkers believed the city needed a university designed for young men who would be admitted based upon merit rather than birthright or social class. On April 18,1831, an institution was established, with the support of a group of prominent New York City residents from the merchants, bankers. Albert Gallatin was elected as the institutions first president, the university has been popularly known as New York University since its inception and was officially renamed New York University in 1896. In 1832, NYU held its first classes in rented rooms of four-story Clinton Hall, in 1835, the School of Law, NYUs first professional school, was established. American Chemical Society was founded in 1876 at NYU and it became one of the nations largest universities, with an enrollment of 9,300 in 1917. NYU had its Washington Square campus since its founding, the university purchased a campus at University Heights in the Bronx because of overcrowding on the old campus. NYU also had a desire to follow New York Citys development further uptown, NYUs move to the Bronx occurred in 1894, spearheaded by the efforts of Chancellor Henry Mitchell MacCracken. The University Heights campus was far more spacious than its predecessor was, as a result, most of the universitys operations along with the undergraduate College of Arts and Science and School of Engineering were housed there. NYUs administrative operations were moved to the new campus, but the schools of the university remained at Washington Square. In 1914, Washington Square College was founded as the undergraduate college of NYU. In 1935, NYU opened the Nassau College-Hofstra Memorial of New York University at Hempstead and this extension would later become a fully independent Hofstra University. In 1950, NYU was elected to the Association of American Universities, in the late 1960s and early 1970s, financial crisis gripped the New York City government and the troubles spread to the citys institutions, including NYU
15.
The New School
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The New School is a private research university in Lower Manhattan, New York City, located mostly in Greenwich Village. From its founding in 1919 by progressive New York educators, and for most of its history, between 1997 and 2005 it was known as New School University. The university and each of its colleges were renamed in 2005, in 1934, the University in Exile was chartered by New York State and its name was changed to the Graduate Faculty of Political and Social Science. In 2005, it adopted what had initially been the name of the whole institution, Parsons School of Design is the New Schools art school. Founders included economist and literary scholar Alvin Johnson, historian Charles A. Beard, economists Thorstein Veblen and James Harvey Robinson, several founders were former professors at Columbia University. In October 1917, after Columbia University imposed a loyalty oath to the United States upon the faculty and student body. Charles A. Beard, Professor of Political Science, resigned his professorship at Columbia in protest and his colleague James Harvey Robinson resigned in 1919 to join the faculty at the New School. The New School plan was to offer the rigorousness of postgraduate education without degree matriculation or degree prerequisites and it was theoretically open to anyone, as the adult division today called Schools of Public Engagement remains. The first classes at the New School took the form of lectures followed by discussions, for groups, or as smaller conferences. Davenport, Elsie Clews Parsons, and Roscoe Pound, John Cage later pioneered the subject of Experimental Composition at the school. The New School uses To the Living Spirit as its motto, in 1937, Thomas Mann remarked that a plaque bearing the inscription be the Living Spirit had been torn down by the Nazis from a building at the University of Heidelberg. He suggested that the University in Exile adopt that inscription as its motto, to indicate that the spirit, mortally threatened in Europe. The University in Exile was initially founded by the director of the New School, Alvin Johnson, through the financial contributions of Hiram Halle. The University in Exile and its subsequent incarnations have been the heart of the New School. In 1934, the University in Exile was chartered by New York State, in 2005 the Graduate Faculty was again renamed, this time taking the original name of the university, The New School for Social Research. The New School played a role with the founding of the École Libre des Hautes Études after the Nazi invasion of France. The École Libre gradually evolved into one of the institutions of research in Paris. Between 1940 and 1949, the New School was host to the Dramatic Workshop, important acting teachers during this period were Stella Adler and Elia Kazan
16.
Studio 54
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Studio 54 is a former nightclub and currently a Broadway theatre, located at 254 West 54th Street, between Eighth Avenue and Broadway in Manhattan. The building, originally built as the Gallo Opera House, opened in 1927, after which it changed several times, eventually becoming CBS radio. Later, the building, renamed after its location, housed a world-famous nightclub, in 1984, Fleischman sold the club, which continued to operate until 1991. Since November 1998, it has served as a venue for productions of the Roundabout Theatre Company, a separate restaurant and nightclub, Feinsteins/54 Below, operates in the basement of the building. Designed by famed architect Eugene De Rosa, the venue opened in 1927 as the Gallo Opera House, named for its owner and it later reopened under new ownership as The New Yorker, but continued failing to attract sufficient crowds. The New Yorker Theatre saw its final production, Medicine Show, end in May 1940, in 1943, CBS purchased the theatre, renaming it Studio 52. CBS named its studios in order of purchase, the number 52 was unrelated to the street on which it was located, during these years, CBS used the theater for radio broadcasts. From the 1940s to the mid 1970s, CBS used the location as a radio and TV stage that housed such shows as Whats My Line. The $64,000 Question, Video Village, Password, To Tell the Truth, Beat the Clock, The Jack Benny Show, Ive Got a Secret, Ted Mack and the Original Amateur Hour, the soap opera Love of Life was produced there until 1975. In 1976, CBS moved most of its broadcast operations to the Ed Sullivan Theater and the CBS Broadcast Center, the Ed Sullivan Theater once had access to Studio 52 through an access door, which was concrete-blocked during the theaters 1993 renovation for Late Show with David Letterman. When CBS began marketing the building in 1976, various parties in the art, male model Uva Harden tried to get gallery owner Frank Lloyd to finance the club, until Lloyd lost a $9 million lawsuit to the estate of the artist Mark Rothko, the Rothko Case. In 1977, the theater was transformed into a nightclub called Studio 54 by Steve Rubell and Ian Schrager and they operated the company as Broadway Catering Corp. It took only six weeks to transform the theater into a nightclub, Rubell and Schrager hired Scott Bromley as architect, Ron Doud as interior designer and Brian Thompson as lighting designer. Where formerly all clubs had very dark, at Studio 54 the crowd could be lit brightly. Within a month of opening, the New York State Liquor Authority raided Studio 54 for selling liquor without a license, the owners of the nightclub said the incident was a misunderstanding. The next night the club reopened, serving fruit juice and soda instead of liquor, prior to the raid, the nightclub had been using daily caterers permits, which enabled the nightclub to serve alcohol but were intended for weddings or political events. The State had denied the permit for the night and raided the nightclub. The nightclub had been using these permits while waiting for its license to be processed
17.
Disco
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Disco is a genre of dance music containing elements of funk, soul, pop, and salsa. It achieved popularity during the mid-1970s to the early 1980s, Disco can be seen as a reaction against both the domination of rock music and the stigmatization of dance music by the counterculture during this period. It was popular with men and women, from many different backgrounds. The disco sound often has several components, a beat, an eighth note or 16th note hi-hat pattern with an open hi-hat on the off-beat. In most disco tracks, string sections, horns, electric piano, Orchestral instruments such as the flute are often used for solo melodies, and lead guitar is less frequently used in disco than in rock. Many disco songs use electronic synthesizers, particularly in the late 1970s, well-known 1970s disco performers included Donna Summer, the Bee Gees, Boney M. KC and the Sunshine Band, The Trammps, Sylvester, Village People, Gloria Gaynor and Chic. While performers and singers garnered much attention, record producers working behind the scenes played an important role in developing the disco sound. Many non-disco artists recorded songs at the height of discos popularity. Disco was the last mass popular movement that was driven by the baby boom generation. Disco was a phenomenon, but its popularity drastically declined in the United States in 1980. Disco Demolition Night, an anti-disco protest held in Chicago on 12 July 1979, is thought of as a factor in discos fast. By the late 1970s most major U. S. cities had thriving disco club scenes, Studio 54, a venue popular amongst celebrities, is a well-known example of a disco club. Popular dances included the Hustle, a suggestive dance. Discotheque-goers often wore expensive, extravagant and sexy fashions, Disco clubs were also associated with promiscuity. Disco was a key influence on the 1980s electronic dance style called house. The term is derived from discothèque, by the early 1940s, the terms disc jockey and DJ were in use to describe radio presenters. During WWII, because of restrictions set in place by the Nazi occupiers, eventually more than one of these jazz venues had the proper name discothèque. By 1959, the term was used in Paris to describe any of these type of nightclubs and that year a young reporter named Klaus Quirini started to select and introduce records at the Scotch-Club in Aachen, West Germany
18.
Armani
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The brand utilizes the association of the Armani name with high-fashion, benefiting from its prestige in the fashion industry. By the end of 2005, estimated sales of the company were around $1.69 billion, Armani is the fastest growing fashion brand. The company already operates a range of cafés worldwide, in addition to a bar, Giorgio Armani is a high-end label specializing in mens and womens ready-to-wear, accessories, glasses, cosmetics, and perfumes. It is available only in Giorgio Armani boutiques, specialty clothiers, the logo is a curved G completing a curved A, forming a circle. According to WSJ and other reporters, in addition to couture line Armani Privé, Giorgio Armani. In addition, selling at lower prices are Armani Collezioni, Armani Exchange, Emporio Armani is the second brand of Armani family, features ready-to-wear and runway collections. Emporio Armani focuses on trends and modern traits, Emporio Armani usually only sold in freestanding Emporio Armani boutiques and its official website. Dj Ruru starred in four Emporio Armani underwear campaigns from Spring/Summer 2008 to Fall/Winter 2009-2010, beckham appeared with his wife, former Spice Girl and fashion designer Victoria, in the campaigns twice in 2009. All campaigns were photographed by Mert Alas and Marcus Piggott, in January 2010, football star Cristiano Ronaldo and Hollywood movie star Megan Fox became the male and female face and body of Emporio Armani. In 2011 Megan Fox was replaced with Rihanna and Ronaldo was replaced by tennis athlete Rafael Nadal, Emporio Armani has teamed up with Reebok to create fashion shoes under the label EA7. Armani Collezioni is the line of Giorgio Armani that retails at a lower price and is less exclusive than Giorgio Armani, Emporio Armani. The logo is usually displayed black written on a white label, Armani being larger and Collezioni underneath it. It provides made-to-measure tailored suits and shirts where every element can be chosen, last year, a sporty line of this label has appeared named Armani Collezioni Active in the same way as the EA7 line from Emporio Armani line. Armani Jeans is a collection of denim-related clothing, created in 1981. Armani Jeans is mainly sold in department stores, although there are many freestanding Armani Jeans stores in the world, some Armani Jeans items are sold in Emporio Armani Stores. This line does not feature Giorgio Armanis signature simplicity, the colors used are more diverse than those found in his higher end lines. Brazilian Midfielder Kaka was signed to endorse the jeans, A|X Armani Exchange was launched in 1991 in the U. S. It retails fashion and lifestyle products and is known for its occasionally provocative ad campaigns, inspired by street-chic culture and dance music, it is targeted as the more accessible Armani brand
19.
Chanel
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Chanel S. A. is a French, privately held company owned by Alain and Gérard Wertheimer, grandsons of Pierre Wertheimer, who was an early business partner of the couturière Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel. Chanel S. A. is a fashion house that specializes in haute couture and ready-to-wear clothes, luxury goods. In her youth, Gabrielle Chanel gained the nickname Coco from her time as a chanteuse, the House of Chanel is known for the little black dress, the perfume No.5 de Chanel, and the Chanel Suit. Chanel’s use of jersey fabric produced garments that were comfortable and affordable, Chanel used colors traditionally associated with masculinity in Europe, such as grey and navy blue, to denote feminine boldness of character. An example of haute couture techniques is the woolen Chanel suit — a knee-length skirt. The complementary accessories were two-tone pump shoes and jewellry, usually a necklace of pearls, Coco Chanel thus could sell to them the hats she designed and made, she thus earned a living, independent of her financial sponsor, the socialite Balsan. Despite that social circumstance, Boy Capel perceived the businesswoman innate to Coco Chanel, because that locale already housed a dress shop, the business-lease limited Chanel to selling only millinery products, not couture. The First World War affected European fashion through scarcity of materials, in 1915 and in 1917, Harper’s Bazaar magazine reported that the garments of the House of Chanel were on the list of every buyer for the clothing factories of Europe. After the First World War, the House of Chanel, following the trends of the 1920s, produced beaded dresses. Originally, a bottle of No.5 de Chanel was a gift to clients of Chanel, the popularity of the perfume prompted the House of Chanel to offer it for retail sale in 1922. In 1923, to explain the success of her clothes, Coco Chanel told Harper’s Bazaar magazine that design simplicity is the keynote of all true elegance, business partners — late 1920s The success of the No. To that end, the businessman Théophile Bader introduced the venture capitalist Pierre Wertheimer to Coco Chanel, moreover, by 1937, the House of Chanel had expanded the range of its clothes to more women, and presented prêt-à-porter clothes designed and cut for the petite woman. Among fashion designers only the clothes created by Elsa Schiaparelli could compete with the clothes of Chanel. A. at 31 rue Cambon, meanwhile, because of the Nazi occupation’s official anti-Semitism, Pierre Wertheimer and family, had fled France to the U. S. in mid-1940. Later, in 1941, Coco Chanel attempted to assume control of Parfums Chanel. Occupied France abounded with rumours that Coco Chanel was a Nazi collaborator, her identity was secret agent 7124 of the Abwehr. At War’s end, upon the Allied liberation of France, Chanel was arrested for having collaborated with the Nazis, in Switzerland, the news revived Coco Chanel’s resentment at having been exploited by her business partner, for only ten per cent of the money. So she established a rival Swiss parfumerie to create, produce, in exchange Gabrielle Chanel closed her Swiss parfumerie enterprise, and sold to Parfums Chanel the full rights to the name Coco Chanel. As a post–War fashion that used some 20 yards of fabric, having decided to do business with Coco Chanel, Wertheimer’s negotiations to fund the resurgence of the House of Chanel, granted him commercial rights to all Chanel-brand products
20.
Perry Ellis (brand)
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Perry Ellis is a clothing brand owned by Perry Ellis International and founded by designer Perry Ellis. In June 2003, Perry Ellis merged with Salant Corporation, manufacturer of the brands clothes, the combined company offers about 25 brands. Perry Ellis, with his parent company The Vera Companies, founded his own house, Perry Ellis International. He opened his showroom on New Yorks Seventh Avenue, as chairman and head designer he started the Perry Ellis Menswear Collection. Perry Ellis won eight Coty Awards between 1979 and 1984 and a Council of Fashion Designers of America Award in 1983 and he served as President of the CFDA in 1984 Ellis colleague, Richard Haines, attributed to him classic with a twist. Perry Ellis said he was inspired to design clothes that are obtainable, more relaxed. After Ellis death in May 1986, McDonald announced that under the terms of Ellis will he had control of the company in trust for Ellis heirs. Perry wanted us to continue, of course, he said of the fashion houses future, McDonald led the company through setbacks and challenges. In 1986, Manhattan Industries, the parent of The Vera Companies, was sold to Salant, from then, Perry Ellis was acquired by Supreme Inc. a Miami-based textile concern, in 1999. The companys shares rose from $1.625 to $16 in January following the acquisition, Supreme was then renamed Perry Ellis International. In 2003, in turn, Perry Ellis International acquired Salant, the corporation has since then acquired various other textile companies, such as Original Penguin and golf brand Ping Collection, among many others. Salant acquired closely held Axis Clothing Corp. in 2002, a year before being acquired in 2003 by Perry Ellis, the Axis LA brand clothing company was based in Culver City. Axis sells mens sweaters, pants, jeans and shirts in U. S. department stores, in Ellis time, he earned eight Coty American Fashion Critics Awards from the cosmetics and perfume company Coty, Inc. He was presented with the Council of Fashion Designers of America Fashion Award in 1981, in 1986, the annual Perry Ellis Award—now known as the Swarovski Emerging Talent Award—was created to honor emerging fashion designers. The first designer to receive it in 1986 was David Cameron, recent winners include Zac Posen in 2004, Derek Lam in 2005, and Trovata in 2006. In 1986, during the CFDA awards at New Yorks Lincoln Center a Special Tribute was awarded to Perry Ellis, Perry Ellis is honored with a commemorative white bronze plaque embedded into the sidewalk on New Yorks Seventh Fashion Avenue in 2002. The Perry Ellis brand has made an impression on the red carpet, Perry Ellis has paired with Vanity Fair to host parties for nominated television series. Perry Ellis and Vanity Fair have held toasts and pre-Emmy parties for nominees including Heroes in 2007,30 Rock in 2008, in 2011, Parks and Recreation was toasted by Perry Ellis and Vanity Fair at the Eveleigh in West Hollywood
21.
Marc Jacobs
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Marc Jacobs is an American fashion designer. He is the designer for his own fashion label, Marc Jacobs, as well as Marc by Marc Jacobs. He was the director of the French design house Louis Vuitton from 1997 to 2014. Jacobs was on Time magazines 2010 Time 100 list of the 100 most influential people in the world, Marc Jacobs was born to a non-observant Jewish family in New York City. When he was seven, his father, an agent at the William Morris Agency and his mother, who remarried three times, was “mentally ill” and “didn’t really take care of her kids”, according to Jacobs. As a teenager, he went to live with his grandmother on the Upper West Side. He attended the High School of Art and Design and studied at the Parsons School of Design in New York, while at Parsons in 1984, Jacobs won the Perry Ellis Gold Thimble Award, Chester Weinberg Gold Thimble Award, and Design Student of the Year Award. He also won an award in 1991 from the Council of Fashion Designers of America, at age 15, Jacobs worked as a stockboy at Charivari, a now-defunct avant-garde clothing boutique in New York City. While still at Parsons, Jacobs designed and sold his first line of hand-knit sweaters and he also designed his first collection for Reuben Thomas, Inc. under the Sketchbook label. With Robert Duffy, Jacobss creative collaborator, and business partner since the mid-1980s, in 1986, backed by Onward Kashiyama USA, Inc. Jacobs designed his first collection bearing the Marc Jacobs label. In 1987, Jacobs was the youngest designer to have ever awarded the fashion industrys highest tribute. In 1988, Jacobs and Duffy joined the womens unit of Perry Ellis as creative director/vice president and president, respectively, following the death of its namesake. In addition, Jacobs oversaw the design of the various womens licensees, in 1992, the Council of Fashion Designers of America awarded Jacobs with The Womens Designer of the Year Award. In the same year, he designed a collection for Perry Ellis. In the fall of 1993, Jacobs Duffy Designs Inc. launched their own licensing and design company, Marc Jacobs International Company, in 1994, Jacobs produced his first full collection of menswear. In 1997, Jacobs was appointed Louis Vuittons creative director, where he created the companys first ready-to-wear clothing line, in 2005, Look was the Marc by Marc Jacobs ready-to-wear license holder in Japan with retail value of €50 million. In 2006, Jacobs started a new line of fragrances in affordable huge ten-ounce bottles which are distributed by Coty. First only being sold in boutiques, they have become more and more popular during the recent years
22.
The New York Times
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The New York Times is an American daily newspaper, founded and continuously published in New York City since September 18,1851, by The New York Times Company. The New York Times has won 119 Pulitzer Prizes, more than any other newspaper, the papers print version in 2013 had the second-largest circulation, behind The Wall Street Journal, and the largest circulation among the metropolitan newspapers in the US. The New York Times is ranked 18th in the world by circulation, following industry trends, its weekday circulation had fallen in 2009 to fewer than one million. Nicknamed The Gray Lady, The New York Times has long been regarded within the industry as a newspaper of record. The New York Times international version, formerly the International Herald Tribune, is now called the New York Times International Edition, the papers motto, All the News Thats Fit to Print, appears in the upper left-hand corner of the front page. On Sunday, The New York Times is supplemented by the Sunday Review, The New York Times Book Review, The New York Times Magazine and T, some other early investors of the company were Edwin B. Morgan and Edward B. We do not believe that everything in Society is either right or exactly wrong, —what is good we desire to preserve and improve, —what is evil, to exterminate. In 1852, the started a western division, The Times of California that arrived whenever a mail boat got to California. However, when local California newspapers came into prominence, the effort failed, the newspaper shortened its name to The New-York Times in 1857. It dropped the hyphen in the city name in the 1890s, One of the earliest public controversies it was involved with was the Mortara Affair, the subject of twenty editorials it published alone. At Newspaper Row, across from City Hall, Henry Raymond, owner and editor of The New York Times, averted the rioters with Gatling guns, in 1869, Raymond died, and George Jones took over as publisher. Tweed offered The New York Times five million dollars to not publish the story, in the 1880s, The New York Times transitioned gradually from editorially supporting Republican Party candidates to becoming more politically independent and analytical. In 1884, the paper supported Democrat Grover Cleveland in his first presidential campaign, while this move cost The New York Times readership among its more progressive and Republican readers, the paper eventually regained most of its lost ground within a few years. However, the newspaper was financially crippled by the Panic of 1893, the paper slowly acquired a reputation for even-handedness and accurate modern reporting, especially by the 1890s under the guidance of Ochs. Under Ochs guidance, continuing and expanding upon the Henry Raymond tradition, The New York Times achieved international scope, circulation, in 1910, the first air delivery of The New York Times to Philadelphia began. The New York Times first trans-Atlantic delivery by air to London occurred in 1919 by dirigible, airplane Edition was sent by plane to Chicago so it could be in the hands of Republican convention delegates by evening. In the 1940s, the extended its breadth and reach. The crossword began appearing regularly in 1942, and the section in 1946
23.
Dress of the Year
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The Dress of the Year is an annual fashion award run by the Fashion Museum, Bath from 1963. Each year since 1963, the Museum has asked a fashion journalist to select a dress or outfit that best represents the most important new ideas in contemporary fashion, the outfit is then donated to the Fashion Museum along with an Adel Rootstein mannequin to represent that years total look
24.
Halston
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Roy Halston Frowick, known simply as Halston, was an American fashion designer who rose to international fame in the 1970s. His minimalist, clean designs, often made of cashmere or ultrasuede, were popular fashion wear in mid-1970s discotheques, an American designer, Halston was well known for creating a style for “American Women”. From his point of view, the “American Woman” was about having an urban lifestyle. He created a new phenomenon in the 1970s, Halston believed that women can wear the same clothing for the entire day on any occasion. Roy Halston Frowick was born on April 23,1932 in Des Moines, Iowa, Halston developed an interest in sewing from his mother, and he began creating hats and altering clothes for his mother and sister as a boy. He graduated from Benjamin Bosse High School in Evansville, Indiana, in 1950, in 1952, Halston moved to Chicago, where he enrolled in a night course at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago and he worked as a window dresser. In 1953, he opened his own hat business and his first customer was radio actress and comedian Fran Allison. Halstons hats were bought by Kim Novak, Gloria Swanson, Deborah Kerr. Halstons first big break came when the Chicago Daily News ran a story on his fashionable hats. In 1957, he opened his first shop, the Boulevard Salon, on North Michigan Avenue and it was at this point that he began to use his middle name as his professional moniker. During his childhood he had referred to as Halston to distinguish between himself and his uncle Roy. Halston moved to New York City in late 1957, first working for milliner Lilly Daché, when hats fell out of fashion, Halston moved on to designing clothing, made possible by Estelle Marsh, a millionaire from Amarillo, Texas. Mrs. Marsh was his financial backer during this critical time of development. He opened his first boutique on Madison Avenue in 1968, the collection that year included a dark jade velvet wedding gown for advertising executive Mary Wells Lawrence. Lawrence was married to the CEO of Braniff International Airways, Harding Lawrence and she would be instrumental in bringing Halston to Braniff in 1976 to design Braniffs hostess, pilot, ticket agent, and ground personnel uniforms. Halston launched his first ready-to-wear line, Halston Limited, in 1969, Halstons design was usually simple and minimalist but sophisticated, glamorous but also comfortable at the same time. Halston like to use soft, luxurious fabric like silk and chiffon and he later told Vogue that he got rid of. all of the extra details that didnt work—bows that didnt tie, buttons that didnt button, zippers that didnt zip, wrap dresses that didnt wrap. Ive always hated things that dont work, another design characteristics was the use of bias
25.
Low-rise (fashion)
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Low-rise is a style of clothing designed to sit low on, or below, the hips. The style can also be called lowcut, hipster, or hip-hugger. the term can be applied to all garments that cover the wearers crotch area, including trousers, jeans, shorts, skirts, panties, briefs, bikinis, pantyhose, and tights. The rise of a garment is measured by the distance between the crotch and the waistline or top of the garment and is usually around 12 inches on regular pants. The average rise of a garment is roughly 8 inches with some as little as 3 to 4 inches. A normal low-rise sits at least 2 to 3 inches below the navel, a super or an ultra low-rise sits at 4 to 5 inches below the navel. The low-rise fashion expanded in the early 1990s after the March 1993 issue of the British magazine The Face which featured Kate Moss in low-rise jeans. Clothing manufacturer Levi Strauss & Co. introduced low-rise jeans in December 2000, backs were also cut low, but not so low that they exposed backside cleavage. It later adopted the style in mens wear, gradually the wide acceptance of low-rise pants by men led to low-rise swimwear and briefs. The trend became so popular that in 2002, a Barbie doll wearing low-rise jeans named My Scene Barbie was introduced in stores, the term is applied to saris and Ghagra cholis in India. Due to migration to different countries, many Indian women began to wear the normal sari below the waistline exposing the navel which is known as Low-rise sari. These type of saris are worn such that the petticoat is tied at some inches below the navel, similarly, the lehengas of ghagra cholis are also worn in low-rise. Designer Manish Malhotras Fashion Week collections regularly highlight low waisted ghaghras accompanied by short cholis and this were made popular by the female celebrities of Bollywood industry and other popular regional film industries like Tamil cinema and Telugu cinema. These are mainly worn by the rich, educated women who consider navel exposure as a fashion. However, sometimes, the navel is covered with the pallu in a low-rise non-transparent sari, vitruvio Pollione Scientific High School, Avezzano, central Italy, asked students to stop wearing low-slung trousers that expose navels, underwear etc. Deputy Principal Nazzareno Desiderio elaborated in an interview, Its a piece of advice. Inspired by the decision in Avezzano, the principal of Romes Visconti High School Antonino Grasso had suggested that students show less skin and proposed a debate on the matter. In an interview he commented, Today, boys are less tickled by such visions, because no more big effect in seeing a girls legs or shoulders, lower back. In some corporations in India, saris are required to be worn in an elegant manner avoiding navel exposure, anita Gupta, Senior Vice-President at JWT Chennai commented, Formal wear for women definitely covers saris without plunging necklines or glimpses of the belly button
26.
Satin
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Satin is a weave that typically has a glossy surface and a dull back. The satin weave is characterized by four or more fill or weft yarns floating over a warp yarn or vice versa, four warp yarns floating over a single weft yarn. Floats are missed interfacings, where the yarn lies on top of the weft in a warp-faced satin. These floats explain the even sheen, as unlike in other weaves, the light reflecting is not scattered as much by the fibres, satin is usually a warp-faced weaving technique in which warp yarns are floated over weft yarns, although there are also weft-faced satins. If the yarns used are short-staple yarns such as cotton, the fabric formed is considered a sateen, a satin fabric tends to have a high luster due to the high number of floats on the fabric. Because of this it is used in making bed sheets, many variations can be made of the basic satin weave including a granite weave and a check weave. Satin weaves, twill weaves, and plain weaves are the three types of weaving by which the majority of woven products are formed. Satin is commonly used in apparel, satin baseball jackets, athletic shorts, womens lingerie, nightgowns, blouses, and evening gowns and it is also used in the production of pointe shoes for use in ballet. Other uses include interior furnishing fabrics, upholstery, and bed sheets, originally, during the Middle Ages, satin was made of silk, consequently it was very expensive, used only by the upper classes. Satin became famous in Europe during the twelfth century, the name derives its origin from the Chinese port city of Quanzhou, whose name in Arabic was Zayton. During the latter part of the Middle Ages, it was a shipping port of silk. In a satin weave, the fill yarn passes over multiple warp yarns before interlacing under one warp yarn, common satin weaves are, 4-harness satin weave, also called crowfoot satin, in which the fill yarn passes over three warp yarns and under one warp yarn. It is more pliable than a plain weave, 5-harness satin weave, the fill yarn passes over four warp yarns and then under one yarn. 8-harness satin weave, in which the fill yarn passes over 7 warp yarns and then 1 warp yarn, is the most pliable satin weave, antique satin is a type of satin-back shantung, woven with slubbed or unevenly spun weft yarns. Baronet or baronette has a back and a rayon or silk front. Charmeuse is a lightweight, draping satin-weave fabric with a dull reverse, double face satin is woven with a glossy surface on both sides. It is possible for both sides to have a different pattern, albeit using the same colors, duchess satin is a particularly luxurious, heavy, stiff satin. Farmers satin or Venetian cloth is made from mercerised cotton, gattar is satin made with a silk warp and a cotton weft
27.
Wardrobe stylist
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A wardrobe stylist can also be referred to as a fashion stylist, fashion editor, or celebrity stylist. According to one view, Stylists are the people who push each celebrity to make the best dressed list, the job description varies greatly depending on the assignment. Stylists may also provide such as personal shopping, restructuring a clients entire wardrobe, reorganizing a clients closet. A wardrobe stylist is distinct from a designer, the person who clothes fictional characters in film. A wardrobe stylist is distinct from a consultant or a color consultant. A person can be a color consultant without knowing the basic principles of line or style, an image consultant is an expert in both color and line and may work with business professionals or individuals, as opposed to celebrities in particular. A color consultants aim is to identify the most flattering colors for individual, while the goal of an image consultant is to tell a story about the client through clothes, shapes. Wardrobe stylists can be paid a wage or by the day Editorial assignments tend to pay less money, while advertising campaigns, commercials. Stylists may also be paid a fee for the length of a project. Some stylists can be put on a retainer, in which they are paid a set fee for a period of time and are on call for the entire time period. Wardrobe stylists are sometimes represented by agencies that specialize in representing wardrobe stylists, hair stylists, when a wardrobe stylist is represented by an agency, the agency usually books all of their work or assignments for a fee, usually ranging between 10% and 20% of the stylists fee. The agency ensures that the needs are met, typically guaranteeing that transportation and travel. Agencies usually expedite the payment and make sure that the wardrobe stylist is paid in full within 30 to 60 days of completion of the assignment. Most stylists acquire these skills and knowledge by assisting other glamorous, established stylists. Stylist assistants are hired at a rate between $150 to $350 a day. Assistants responsibilities can vary depending on the stylist and the assignment. London College of Fashion 3 Colours Rule Personal Stylist Website Megan LaRussa
28.
Carine Roitfeld
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Carine Roitfeld is the former editor-in-chief of Vogue Paris, a position she held from 2001 to 31 January 2011. A former fashion model and writer, she announced her resignation on 17 December 2010 and was succeeded by Emmanuelle Alt, in 2012, she became founder and editor-in-chief of CR Fashion Book. Her father, Jacques Roitfeld, a Russian émigré, was a producer before he moved to Paris. Im not saying we were in diamonds, but very, very comfortable, Roitfeld was born in Paris, France. Roitfeld and partner Christian Restoin have been together since the late 1970s, Restoin was the creator of the Equipment clothing line, which he closed in 2001 after Roitfeld accepted the Vogue editorship. The couple have two children, Julia Restoin Roitfeld who was born on 12 November 1980 and Vladimir Restoin Roitfeld born in December 1984. Julia graduated from Parsons School of Design in New York City in May 2006, Vladimir graduated from the University of Southern California School of Cinematic Arts in 2007. At 18, Roitfeld began modeling, having been scouted on a street in Paris by a British photographers assistant, I wasnt a star, she says. I was just booked for junior magazines and she became a writer and then a stylist for French Elle. While she was working as a freelance stylist, her daughter, Julia, was in a fashion shoot for Italian Vogue Bambini in 1990. In a 2005 interview with 032c magazine, Roitfeld commented, I was not the best stylist when I worked for fifteen years for French Elle, the right person for me at the right time. Roitfeld and Testino soon after working as a team, doing advertising work as well as shoots for American. Roitfeld went on to work as a consultant for and muse to Tom Ford at Gucci and Yves Saint-Laurent for six years and also contributed to the images of Missoni, Versace and she was approached by Condé Nasts International Chairman Jonathan Newhouse to edit Vogue Paris in 2001. In April 2006, there were rumors that Roitfeld was being approached by the Hearst Corporation to take over Glenda Baileys editor-in-chief position at U. S. Harpers Bazaar, in January 2010, she was named in Tatler magazines top-10 best-dressed list. She was listed as one of the fifty best-dressed over 50s by TheGuardian in March 2013, on 17 December 2010 Roitfeld resigned after ten years at Vogue Paris to concentrate on personal projects. She left the magazine at the end of January 2011 and she was succeeded at Vogue Paris on 1 February 2011 by Emmanuelle Alt, who had served as fashion director under Roitfeld. She joined Harpers Bazaar as global fashion director in 2012, the 2013 documentary Mademoiselle C documents Roitfelds launch of her magazine CR. Paris Vogue official website Healy, Murray, Were French and we smoke, we show flesh, we have a lot of freedom
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Yves Saint Laurent (designer)
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Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent, known as Yves Saint Laurent, was a French fashion designer, regarded as one of the greatest names in fashion history. He was able to adapt his style to accommodate the changes in fashion during that period and he approached fashion in a different perspective by wanting women to look comfortable yet elegant at the same time. He is also credited with having introduced the suit for women and was known for his use of non-European cultural references. Yves Henri Donat Mathieu-Saint-Laurent was born on 1 August 1936, in Oran, French Algeria, to Charles and he grew up in a villa by the Mediterranean with his two younger sisters, Michèle and Brigitte. Yves liked to create intricate paper dolls, and by his teen years he was designing dresses for his mother. At the age of 17, Saint Laurent moved to Paris and enrolled at the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, Michel De Brunhoff, the editor of French Vogue, introduced Saint Laurent to designer Christian Dior, a giant in the fashion world. Dior fascinated me, Saint Laurent later recalled, I couldnt speak in front of him. He taught me the basis of my art, whatever was to happen next, I never forgot the years I spent at by his side. Under Diors tutelage, Saint Laurents style continued to mature and gain more notice. In 1953, Saint Laurent submitted three sketches to a contest for young fashion designers organised by the International Wool Secretariat, subsequently, he was invited to attend the awards ceremony held in Paris in December of that same year. During his stay in Paris, Saint Laurent met Michel de Brunhoff, De Brunhoff, known by some as a considerate person who encouraged new talent, was impressed by the sketches Saint Laurent brought with him and suggested he become a fashion designer. Saint Laurent would eventually consider a course of study at the Chambre Syndicale de la Haute Couture, Saint Laurent followed his advice and, leaving Oran for Paris after graduation, began his studies there and eventually graduated as a star pupil. Later that same year, he entered the International Wool Secretariat competition again and won, beating out his friend Fernando Sánchez and young German student Karl Lagerfeld. Shortly after his win, he brought a number of sketches to de Brunhoff who recognized close similarities to sketches he had shown that morning by Christian Dior. Knowing that Dior had created the sketches that morning and that the man could not have seen them, de Brunhoff sent him to Dior. Although Dior recognised his talent immediately, Saint Laurent spent his first year at the House of Dior on mundane tasks, such as decorating the studio and designing accessories. Eventually, however, he was allowed to submit sketches for the collection, with every passing season. In August 1957, Dior met with Saint Laurents mother to tell her that he had chosen Saint Laurent to succeed him as designer and his mother later said that she had been confused by the remark, as Dior was only 52 years old at the time
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Opium (perfume)
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Opium is an Oriental-spicy perfume created for fashion brand Yves Saint Laurent by perfumer Jean Amic and Jean-Louis Sieuzac of Roure, first marketed in 1977. Its top notes are a mixture of fruit and spices, with orange, plum, clove, coriander and pepper. Its floral middle notes consist predominantly jasmine, rose and Lily of the Valley, in addition to carnation, cinnamon, peach and orris root. It is underlined by the woody base note containing sandalwood, cedarwood, myrrh, opopanax, labdanum, benzoin and castoreum, in addition to amber, incense, musk, patchouli, tolu. Opium caused a stir with its name and brought accusations that brand designer Yves Saint Laurent was condoning drug use. In the United States, a group of Chinese Americans demanded a change of the name and they formed a committee called the American Coalition Against Opium and Drug Abuse, which expressed outrage at the choice of a name representing a menace that destroyed many lives in China. But such controversies rather helped the perfume to be well-publicized, which became a best-selling scent. For its launch party in 1977, a tall ship Peking was rented from the South Street Seaport Museum in New Yorks East Harbor, and writer Truman Capote sat at the helm of the ship at the party. The ship was draped with banners of gold, red, and purple, a poster advertising campaign for the perfume caused another controversy in October and November 2000. This ad compaign, photographed by Steven Meisel, was seen in print ads. It won an award in Spain but generated an uproar in other places, American journalist Susan Faludi argued that certain perfume ad campaigns pushed idealization of weak yielding women to the extreme, citing the Opium advertisement as a primary example. YSL launched the male complement Opium pour Homme in 1995, created by Jacques Cavallier of Firmenich and its main note is set by vanilla, with black currant, galangal, star anise, ginger and pepper, fusing with basic notes of cedar and Tolu balsam. Its flask was designed by Jérôme Failliant-Dumas, in 1992 and 1999, U. S. film director David Lynch created commercials for Opium. Another flanker, Belle dOpium was released in 2011, advertisements for the perfume again generated controversy
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Martial arts
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Although the term martial art has become associated with the fighting arts of eastern Asia, it originally referred to the combat systems of Europe as early as the 1550s. The term is derived from Latin, and means arts of Mars, Martial arts may be categorized along a variety of criteria, including, Traditional or historical arts vs. contemporary styles of folk wrestling and modern hybrid martial arts. Such traditions include eskrima, silat, kalaripayat, kobudo, and historical European martial arts, Many Chinese martial arts also feature weapons as part of their curriculum. Similarly, modern Western martial arts and sports include fencing, stick-fighting systems like canne de combat or singlestick. Combat-oriented Health-oriented Many martial arts, especially those from Asia, also teach side disciplines which pertain to medicinal practices and this is particularly prevalent in traditional Asian martial arts which may teach bone-setting, herbalism, and other aspects of traditional medicine. Spirituality-oriented Martial arts can also be linked with religion and spirituality, numerous systems are reputed to have been founded, disseminated, or practiced by monks or nuns. Throughout Asia, meditation may be incorporated as part of training, in those countries influenced by Hindu-Buddhist philosophy, the art itself may be used as an aid to attaining enlightenment. Japanese styles, when concerning non-physical qualities of the combat, are strongly influenced by Mahayana Buddhist philosophy. Concepts like empty mind and beginners mind are recurrent, aikido, for instance, can have a strong philosophical belief of the flow of energy and peace fostering, as idealised by its founder Morihei Ueshiba. Traditional Korean martial arts place emphasis on the development of the spiritual and philosophical development. A common theme in most Korean styles, such as taekkyeon and taekwondo, is the value of peace in a practitioner. The Koreans believe that the use of force is only justified through defense. Many such martial arts incorporate music, especially strong percussive rhythms, the oldest works of art depicting scenes of battle are cave paintings from Spain dated between 10,000 and 6,000 BCE that show organized groups fighting with bows and arrows. Chinese martial arts originated during the Xia Dynasty more than 4000 years ago and it is said the Yellow Emperor Huangdi introduced the earliest fighting systems to China. The Yellow Emperor is described as a general who, before becoming Chinas leader, wrote lengthy treatises on medicine, astrology. One of his opponents was Chi You who was credited as the creator of jiao di. The foundation of modern Asian martial arts is likely a blend of early Chinese, during the Warring States period of Chinese history extensive development in martial philosophy and strategy emerged, as described by Sun Tzu in The Art of War. Legendary accounts link the origin of Shaolinquan to the spread of Buddhism from India during the early 5th century AD, with the figure of Bodhidharma, to China
32.
Michelle Obama
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Michelle LaVaughn Robinson Obama is an American lawyer and writer who was First Lady of the United States from 2009 to 2017. She is married to the 44th President of the United States, Barack Obama and she subsequently worked as the Associate Dean of Student Services at the University of Chicago and the Vice President for Community and External Affairs of the University of Chicago Medical Center. Barack and Michelle married in 1992 and have two daughters, Obama campaigned for her husbands presidential bid throughout 2007 and 2008, delivering a keynote address at the 2008 Democratic National Convention. As First Lady, Obama became an icon, a role model for women, and an advocate for poverty awareness, nutrition, physical activity. Her mother was a homemaker until Michelle entered high school. The Robinson and Shields families trace their roots to pre-Civil War African Americans in the American South, on her fathers side, she is descended from the Gullah people of South Carolinas Low Country region. Her paternal great-great grandfather, Jim Robinson, was a slave on Friendfield Plantation in South Carolina and her grandfather Fraser Robinson, Jr. built his own house in South Carolina. He and his wife LaVaughn returned to the Low Country after retirement, among her maternal ancestors was her great-great-great-grandmother, Melvinia Shields, a slave on Henry Walls Shields 200-acre farm in Clayton County, Georgia. Melvinias first son, Dolphus T. Shields, was biracial, based on DNA and other evidence, in 2012 researchers said his father was likely 20-year-old Charles Marion Shields, son of her master. Melvinia did not talk to relatives about Dolphus father, Dolphus Shields moved to Birmingham, Alabama after the Civil War, and some of his children migrated to Cleveland, Ohio and Chicago. Her distant ancestry includes Irish and other European roots, in addition, a paternal first cousin once-removed is the African-American Jewish Rabbi Capers Funnye, son of her grandfathers sister. Robinson grew up in a bungalow on Euclid Avenue in Chicagos South Shore community area. Her parents rented an apartment on the second floor from her great-aunt. She was raised in what she describes as a home, with the mother at home. Her elementary school was down the street and they enjoyed playing games such as Monopoly, reading, and frequently saw extended family on both sides. She played piano, learning from her great-aunt who was a piano teacher, the Robinsons attended services at nearby South Shore United Methodist Church. They used to vacation in a cabin in White Cloud. She and her 21-month older brother, Craig, skipped the second grade and her father suffered from multiple sclerosis which had a profound emotional effect on her as she was growing up
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Buckingham Palace
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Buckingham Palace is the London residence and administrative headquarters of the reigning monarch of the United Kingdom. Located in the City of Westminster, the palace is often at the centre of state occasions and it has been a focal point for the British people at times of national rejoicing and mourning. It was acquired by King George III in 1761 as a residence for Queen Charlotte. During the 19th century it was enlarged, principally by architects John Nash and Edward Blore, Buckingham Palace became the London residence of the British monarch on the accession of Queen Victoria in 1837. The palace chapel was destroyed by a German bomb during World War II, the original early 19th-century interior designs, many of which survive, include widespread use of brightly coloured scagliola and blue and pink lapis, on the advice of Sir Charles Long. King Edward VII oversaw a partial redecoration in a Belle Époque cream, many smaller reception rooms are furnished in the Chinese regency style with furniture and fittings brought from the Royal Pavilion at Brighton and from Carlton House. The palace has 775 rooms, and the garden is the largest private garden in London, the state rooms, used for official and state entertaining, are open to the public each year for most of August and September and on some days in winter and spring. In the Middle Ages, the site of the palace formed part of the Manor of Ebury. The marshy ground was watered by the river Tyburn, which flows below the courtyard. Where the river was fordable, the village of Eye Cross grew, ownership of the site changed hands many times, owners included Edward the Confessor and his queen consort Edith of Wessex in late Saxon times, and, after the Norman Conquest, William the Conqueror. William gave the site to Geoffrey de Mandeville, who bequeathed it to the monks of Westminster Abbey, in 1531, King Henry VIII acquired the Hospital of St James from Eton College, and in 1536 he took the Manor of Ebury from Westminster Abbey. These transfers brought the site of Buckingham Palace back into royal hands for the first time since William the Conqueror had given it away almost 500 years earlier, various owners leased it from royal landlords and the freehold was the subject of frenzied speculation during the 17th century. By then, the old village of Eye Cross had long fallen into decay. Needing money, James I sold off part of the Crown freehold, clement Walker in Anarchia Anglicana refers to new-erected sodoms and spintries at the Mulberry Garden at S. Jamess, this suggests it may have been a place of debauchery. Eventually, in the late 17th century, the freehold was inherited from the property tycoon Sir Hugh Audley by the great heiress Mary Davies, possibly the first house erected within the site was that of a Sir William Blake, around 1624. The next owner was Lord Goring, who from 1633 extended Blakes house and he did not, however, obtain the freehold interest in the mulberry garden. Unbeknown to Goring, in 1640 the document failed to pass the Great Seal before King Charles I fled London and it was this critical omission that helped the British royal family regain the freehold under King George III. The improvident Goring defaulted on his rents, Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington obtained the mansion and was occupying it, now known as Goring House, Arlington House rose on the site—the location of the southern wing of todays palace—the next year
34.
Jennifer Lopez
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Jennifer Lynn Lopez, also known as JLo, is an American singer, actress, dancer, fashion designer, author, and producer. Lopez gained her first high-profile job as a Fly Girl dancer on In Living Color in 1991 and she received her first leading role in the Selena biopic of the same name in 1997, a portrayal that earned her a Golden Globe nomination. For her role in Out of Sight the following year, Lopez became the first Latina actress to earn over US$1 million for a film. She ventured into the industry in 1999 with her debut studio album On the 6. With the simultaneous release of her studio album J. Lo and her film The Wedding Planner in 2001, Lopez became the first woman to have a number one album. Her 2002 remix album, J to tha L–O, the Remixes, became the first in history to debut at number one on the U. S. Billboard 200. Following her second divorce, Lopez had a relationship with Ben Affleck. Then, while also overshadowing the release of Gigli, a critical and commercial failure and she subsequently married longtime friend Marc Anthony, and rebounded with the box office successes Shall We Dance. and Monster-in-Law. Her fifth studio album, Como Ama una Mujer, received the highest first-week sales for a debut Spanish album in the United States, in 2016, she began starring as Harlee Santos in the crime drama series Shades of Blue. Time listed her as one of the 25 most influential Hispanic Americans, for her contributions to the arts, Lopez has received a landmark star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame and the Billboard Icon Award, among other honors. Beyond entertainment, she enjoys a successful business career consisting of various clothing lines, accessories, fragrances, a company. Jennifer Lynn Lopez was born on July 24,1969, in the Castle Hill neighborhood of The Bronx, New York, to Puerto Rican parents Guadalupe Rodríguez and she has an older sister, Leslie, and a younger sister, Lynda, a journalist. David worked the night shift at the Guardian Insurance Company before becoming a technician at the firm. When Lopez was born, the family was living in a small apartment, a few years later, her parents had saved up enough money to be able to purchase a two-story house, which was considered a big deal for the relatively poor family. At the age of five, Lopez began taking singing and dancing lessons and she toured New York with her school when she was seven years old. Her parents stressed the importance of work ethic and being able to speak English and they encouraged their three daughters to put on performances at home—singing and dancing in front of each other and their friends so that they would stay out of trouble. Lopez spent her academic career in Catholic schools, finishing at Preston High School. In school, Lopez did gymnastics, ran track on a national level and she excelled athletically rather than academically, competing in national track championships
35.
Gwyneth Paltrow
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Gwyneth Kate Paltrow is an American actress, singer, comedienne and food writer. She gained early notice for her work in such as the thriller Seven. Paltrow has portrayed supporting, as well as roles, in films such as The Talented Mr. Ripley, The Royal Tenenbaums, Shallow Hal. Since 2008, Paltrow has portrayed Pepper Potts, the lead of the Iron Man franchise in the Marvel Cinematic Universe, in Iron Man, Iron Man 2, The Avengers. She reprised the role several times throughout the series run. Paltrow has been the face of Estée Lauders Pleasures perfume since 2005 and she is also the face of American fashion brand Coach, owner of a lifestyle company, and author of two cookbooks. Paltrow was born in Los Angeles, the daughter of actress Blythe Danner, Paltrows father is Jewish, while her mother is from a Christian background. She was raised celebrating both Jewish and Christian holidays and her brother had a traditional Bar Mitzvah when he turned 13. Her fathers Ashkenazi Jewish family immigrated from Belarus and Poland, while her mother has Pennsylvania Dutch, Paltrows younger brother is director and screenwriter Jake Paltrow. Her half-cousin is actress Katherine Moennig and she is a second cousin of former U. S. Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords. Her uncle is opera singer and actor Harry Danner, Paltrow was raised in Santa Monica, where she attended Crossroads School before enrolling in the Spence School, a private girls school in New York City. Later, she studied anthropology at the University of California, Santa Barbara. She is a daughter of Talavera de la Reina, where at 15 she spent a year as an exchange student. Her film debut followed with Shout, starring John Travolta, Paltrows next roles were in the made-for-television movies Cruel Doubt and Deadly Relations. Her first plum feature film role was in the noir drama Flesh, in 1995, she played Brad Pitts wife in the hit thriller Se7en. Her performance earned her a Satellite Award nomination, also in 1995, she appeared in Moonlight and Valentino and Jefferson in Paris. In 1996, Paltrow played the character in Emma to critical acclaim, particularly in the United Kingdom. She also appeared in two thrillers, Hush, opposite Jessica Lange, and A Perfect Murder, inspired by Alfred Hitchcocks 1954 film, Dial M for Murder
36.
Anne Hathaway
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Anne Jacqueline Hathaway is an American actress and singer. Hathaway went on to become a widely praised role model for children for her roles in Nicholas Nickleby, Ella Enchanted, The Princess Diaries 2, Royal Engagement, and Hoodwinked. In 2011, Hathaway voiced Jewel in the animated film Rio and hosted the 83rd Academy Awards with James Franco, in 2012, she portrayed Catwoman in Christopher Nolans The Dark Knight Rises, for which she won the Saturn Award for Best Supporting Actress. The same year, she starred as Fantine in Tom Hoopers Les Misérables, which earned her acclaim and she won the Academy, Golden Globe, BAFTA. Hathaway has since gone on to appear in Rio 2, Interstellar, The Intern, People magazine named Hathaway one of its breakthrough stars of 2001, and she appeared on its list of the worlds 50 Most Beautiful People in 2006. Following a four-year relationship with real estate developer Raffaello Follieri, Hathaway married Adam Shulman in 2012, with whom she has one son, Hathaway was born in Brooklyn, New York. Her father, Gerald Thomas Hathaway, is a lawyer, and her mother, Kathleen played Fantine in the first U. S. tour of Les Misérables. When Hathaway was six years old, her moved to Millburn, New Jersey. Hathaway is the middle of three children with her brother, Michael and younger brother, Thomas. Kathleen is of Irish descent, and Gerald is of Irish, French, English, at the age of fifteen, her relationship with the Catholic Church changed, after learning that Michael was gay. She said, I realized my older brother was gay, and I couldnt support a religion that didnt support my brother, now I call myself a non-denominational Christian, because I havent found the religion for me. In 2009, she stated that her religious beliefs are a work in progress, Hathaway attended Brooklyn Heights Montessori School and Wyoming Elementary School in Millburn. Later, she appeared in plays, including Jane Eyre and Gigi at New Jerseys Paper Mill Playhouse, Hathaway studied at the American Academy of Dramatic Arts, and was the first teenager admitted into The Barrow Group Theater Companys acting program. Between 1998 and 1999, she sang soprano with the All-Eastern U. S, high School Honors Chorus at Carnegie Hall and in plays at Seton Hall Preparatory School in West Orange, New Jersey. She is a stage actress and stated that she prefers performing from stage to film roles. Her acting style has been compared to those of Judy Garland and she cites Garland as one of her favorite actresses and Meryl Streep as her idol. At the age of sixteen, three days after her performance at Carnegie Hall, Hathaway was cast in the short-lived Fox television series Get Real. She made her film debut The Princess Diaries, which is based on Meg Cabots 2000 novel of the same name, Hathaway auditioned for the role of a princess-to-be during a flight layover on the way to New Zealand and was cast on the strength of this one audition
