1.
The Pentagon
–
The Pentagon is the headquarters of the United States Department of Defense, located in Arlington County, Virginia, across the Potomac River from Washington, D. C. As a symbol of the U. S. military, The Pentagon is often used metonymically to refer to the U. S. Department of Defense, the Pentagon was designed by American architect George Bergstrom, and built by general contractor John McShain of Philadelphia. Ground was broken for construction on September 11,1941, General Brehon Somervell provided the major motive power behind the project, Colonel Leslie Groves was responsible for overseeing the project for the U. S. Army. The Pentagon is one of the worlds largest office buildings, with about 6,500,000 sq ft, approximately 23,000 military and civilian employees and about 3,000 non-defense support personnel work in the Pentagon. It has five sides, five floors above ground, two basement levels, and five ring corridors per floor with a total of 17.5 mi of corridors. It was the first significant foreign attack on Washingtons governmental facilities since the city was burned by the British, when World War II broke out in Europe, the War Department rapidly expanded in anticipation that the United States would be drawn into the conflict. Secretary of War Henry L. Stimson found the situation unacceptable, with the Munitions Building overcrowded, Stimson told U. S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt in May 1941 that the War Department needed additional space. On July 17,1941, a hearing took place, organized by Virginia congressman Clifton Woodrum. Reybold agreed to back to the congressman within five days. The War Department called upon its construction chief, General Brehon Somervell, Government officials agreed that the War Department building, officially designated Federal Office Building No 1, should be constructed across the Potomac River, in Arlington County, Virginia. Requirements for the new building were that it be no more than four stories tall, the requirements meant that, instead of rising vertically, the building would be sprawling over a large area. Possible sites for the building included the Department of Agricultures Arlington Experimental Farm, adjacent to Arlington National Cemetery, the site originally chosen was Arlington Farms which had a roughly pentagonal shape, so the building was planned accordingly as an irregular pentagon. Concerned that the new building could obstruct the view of Washington, D. C. from Arlington Cemetery, the building retained its pentagonal layout because a major redesign at that stage would have been costly, and Roosevelt liked the design. Freed of the constraints of the asymmetric Arlington Farms site, it was modified into a pentagon which resembled the star forts of the gunpowder age. While the project went through the process in late July 1941, Somervell selected the contractors, including John McShain, Inc. and Doyle and Russell. In addition to the Hoover Airport site and other government-owned land, construction of the Pentagon required an additional 287 acres, which were acquired at a cost of $2.2 million. The Hells Bottom neighborhood, a slum with numerous pawnshops, factories, approximately 150 homes, Later 300 acres of land were transferred to Arlington National Cemetery and to Fort Myer, leaving 280 acres for the Pentagon. Contracts totaling $31,100,000 were finalized with McShain and the contractors on September 11
2.
Basketball
–
Basketball is a non-contact team sport played on a rectangular court by two teams of five players each. The objective is to shoot a ball through a hoop 18 inches in diameter and 10 feet high that is mounted to a backboard at each end of the court. The game was invented in 1891 by Dr. James Naismith, a team can score a field goal by shooting the ball through the basket being defended by the opposition team during regular play. A field goal scores three points for the team if the player shoots from behind the three-point line. A team can also score via free throws, which are worth one point, the team with the most points at the end of the game wins, but additional time is mandated when the score is tied at the end of regulation. The ball can be advanced on the court by passing it to a teammate and it is a violation to lift, or drag, ones pivot foot without dribbling the ball, to carry it, or to hold the ball with both hands then resume dribbling. The game has many techniques for displaying skill—ball-handling, shooting, passing, dribbling, dunking, shot-blocking. The point guard directs the on court action of the team, implementing the coachs game plan, Basketball is one of the worlds most popular and widely viewed sports. Outside North America, the top clubs from national leagues qualify to continental championships such as the Euroleague, the FIBA Basketball World Cup attracts the top national teams from around the world. Each continent hosts regional competitions for teams, like EuroBasket. The FIBA Womens Basketball World Cup features the top womens basketball teams from continental championships. The main North American league is the WNBA, whereas the EuroLeague Women has been dominated by teams from the Russian Womens Basketball Premier League, in early December 1891, Canadian Dr. He sought a vigorous indoor game to keep his students occupied, after rejecting other ideas as either too rough or poorly suited to walled-in gymnasiums, he wrote the basic rules and nailed a peach basket onto a 10-foot elevated track. Basketball was originally played with a soccer ball and these laces could cause bounce passes and dribbling to be unpredictable. Eventually a lace-free ball construction method was invented, and this change to the game was endorsed by Naismith, dribbling was not part of the original game except for the bounce pass to teammates. Passing the ball was the means of ball movement. Dribbling was eventually introduced but limited by the shape of early balls. Dribbling only became a part of the game around the 1950s
3.
Michigan State Spartans men's basketball
–
The Michigan State Spartans mens basketball team represents Michigan State University and competes in the Big Ten Conference of NCAA Division I College basketball. Their home games are played at the Breslin Student Events Center, Tom Izzo has been the head coach since 1995. The Spartans have won two NCAA championships and 13 Big Ten Conference Championships and their two National Championships came in the 1979 NCAA Tournament and the 2000 NCAA Tournament. The 1979 National Championship Game was the most watched basketball game in history. The 1979 National Championship team was coached by Jud Heathcote and included tournament MVP Magic Johnson, Greg Kelser, the Spartans defeated the previously unbeaten Indiana State Sycamores, led by future Hall of Famer Larry Bird. The 2000 National Championship team defeated the Florida Gators in the final, the team was coached by Tom Izzo and led by players Morris Peterson, Charlie Bell, Jason Richardson and tournament MVP Mateen Cleaves. Michigan State has the eighth most all-time Final Four appearances with nine, the program is also ninth all-time in NCAA tournament winning percentage. The first established coach for Michigan Agricultural College, Charles Bemies was also the first athletic director in history, while also coaching the football, baseball. His two-year stint as head coach ended in 1901. Michigan Agricultural College’s second basketball coach was George Denman. Denman is the basketball coach to go undefeated during his tenure. His team still holds the record for largest margin of victory with a 102–3 defeat of Alma College in 1902, mAC’s first full-time athletic director and one of the Spartans’ most successful coaches, Chester Brewer led the football, basketball, and baseball squads to winning records. He holds the highest winning percentage of any Spartan basketball coach with at least four seasons at.736 and his team also defeated Michigan in the schools’ first meeting in 1909. George Gauthier was the first alumnus to lead a Michigan State basketball squad and he compiled a career record of 41–38 over four seasons. Gauthier left after 29 games in 1919–20, posting a 15–14 record, lyman Frimodig coached the final seven games of the season, going 6–1. He would also serve as coach for the next two seasons. He is third in victories with 231. Van Alstyne coached MSU’s first All-American, Roger Grove, in 1930. ”His 47–45 loss to Kentucky in 1948 set the record for the largest crowd in Jenison Field House history, in one season under Alton Kircher, the Spartans finished 4–18. Following the conclusion of the 1950 season, the Spartans would join the Big Ten Conference, Pete Newell was hired from San Francisco following a successful four years with the Dons where he went 70–37 and won the 1949 NIT
4.
Big Ten Conference
–
The Big Ten Conference, formerly Western Conference and Big Nine Conference, is the oldest Division I collegiate athletic conference in the United States. The conference includes the public university in each of 11 states stretching from New Jersey to Nebraska. The Big Ten Conference was established in 1895 when Purdue University president James H, in 1905, the conference was officially incorporated as the Intercollegiate Conference Athletic Association. Big Ten member institutions are predominantly major flagship research universities with large financial endowments, large student enrollment is also a hallmark of Big Ten universities, as 12 of the 14 members feature enrollments of 30,000 or more students. Northwestern University, one of just two members with a total enrollment of fewer than 30,000 students, is the lone private university among Big Ten membership. Collectively, Big Ten universities educate more than 520,000 total students and have 5.7 million living alumni, Big Ten universities engage in $9.3 billion in funded research each year. Big Ten universities are members of the Big Ten Academic Alliance. In 2014–2015, members generated more than $10 billion in research expenditures, Johns Hopkins University was invited in 2012 to join the Big Ten as an associate member participating in mens lacrosse only. In 2015, it was accepted as an associate member in womens lacrosse. Notre Dame is scheduled to join the Big Ten in 2017 as a member in mens ice hockey. Notes Notes Notes The University of Chicago was a co-founder of the conference, lake Forest College attended the original 1895 meeting that led to the formation of the conference, but did not join it. Full members Full members Sport Affiliate Other Conference Other Conference The Big Ten Conference sponsors championship competition in 14 mens and 14 womens NCAA sanctioned sports, Notes, * Notre Dame will join the Big Ten in the 2017–18 school year as an affiliate member in mens ice hockey. It continues to field its other sports in the ACC except in football where it will continue to compete as an independent, ° Johns Hopkins joined the Big Ten in 2014 as an affiliate member in mens lacrosse, with womens lacrosse to follow in 2016. Ohio State and Penn State, like most NCAA fencing schools, have coed teams,2, Mens rowing, whether heavyweight or lightweight, is not governed by the NCAA, but instead by the Intercollegiate Rowing Association. Rutgers Mens Rowing was downgraded to Club status in 2008,3, Unlike rifle, pistol is not an NCAA-governed sport. 4, Rifle is technically a mens sport, but mens, womens, Ohio State fields a coed team. The eligibility of student-athletes was one of the topics of discussion. The Intercollegiate Conference of Faculty Representatives was founded at a meeting on February 8,1896
5.
Iron Mountain, Michigan
–
Iron Mountain is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan. The population was 7,624 at the 2010 census and it is the county seat of Dickinson County, in the states Upper Peninsula. Iron Mountain was named for the iron ore found in the vicinity. Iron Mountain is the city of the Iron Mountain, MI-WI Micropolitan Statistical Area. It shares Woodward Avenue with the town, Kingsford. In addition, Iron Mountain is known for its pasties, Bocce Ball Tournaments, World Cup Ski Jumps, Iron Mountain was also named a Michigan Main Street community by Michigan Governor Jennifer Granholm in 2006. It is one of thirteen such communities in the State of Michigan in 2008. It is also the hometown of Michigan State University mens basketball coach Tom Izzo and former NFL head coach Steve Mariucci. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 8.04 square miles. Indian Trails provides daily intercity bus service between St. Ignace and Ironwood, Michigan, US2 runs east to Escanaba and west to Ironwood. US141 merges with US2 just east of the city and heads northward toward Crystal Falls, southbound it continues on to Green Bay, m-95 connects with Kingsford just to the south and with M-69 east at Randville about 14 miles north. The Iron Mountain area is served by Ford Airport, commercial air travel is provided by SkyWest Airlines, providing jet service as Delta Connection. Located three miles west of the city, the airport handles approximately 7,600 operations per year, with roughly 27% commercial service, 57% air taxi and 16% general aviation. The airport has a 6,501 foot asphalt runway with approved ILS, GPS and NDB approaches, as of the census of 2010, there were 7,624 people,3,362 households, and 2,025 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,034.5 inhabitants per square mile, there were 3,784 housing units at an average density of 513.4 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 96. 3% White,0. 5% African American,0. 6% Native American,0. 7% Asian,0. 3% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 1. 6% of the population. 34. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 4% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.21 and the average family size was 2.83. The median age in the city was 42.4 years
6.
Northern Michigan Wildcats
–
The Northern Michigan Wildcats are the athletic teams that represent Northern Michigan University, located in Marquette, Michigan, in NCAA intercollegiate sporting competitions. All of the teams compete at the Division II level with the exception of the ice hockey program. NMU has been a member of the GLIAC since 1987, Northern Michigans rivals in sports action are the two other major schools in the upper peninsula, Michigan Technological University, and Lake Superior State University. The winner of the football game between NMU and Michigan Tech is awarded the Miners Cup. The United States Olympic Training Site on the campus of Northern Michigan University is one of 16 Olympic training sites in the country, the NMU-OTS provides secondary and post-secondary educational opportunities for athletes while offering world-class training. With more than 70 resident athletes and coaches, the NMU-OTS is the second-largest Olympic training center in the United States, in terms of residents, the USOEC has more residential athletes than the Lake Placid and Chula Vista sites combined. Over the years, it has grown into a major contributor to the U. S. Olympic movement, current resident training programs include Greco-Roman wrestling and weightlifting. Athletes must be approved by the NMU-OTS, their governing body. NMU-OTS athletes attend NMU while training in their respective sports, although athletes are responsible for tuition at the in-state rate, they may receive the B. J. Stupak Scholarship to help cover expenses. On-campus NMU-OTS athletes live in NMU’s Meyland Hall, eat in campus dining halls, and train at the university’s Superior Dome
7.
NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
The tournament was created in 1939 by the National Association of Basketball Coaches, and was the idea of Ohio State University coach Harold Olsen. Played mostly during March, it has one of the most famous annual sporting events in the United States. The tournament teams include champions from 32 Division I conferences, and 36 teams which are awarded at-large berths, the 68 teams are divided into four regions and organized into a single-elimination bracket, which pre-determines, when a team wins a game, which team it will face next. Each team is seeded, or ranked, within its region from 1 to 32, after an initial four games between eight lower-ranked teams, the tournament occurs during the course of three weekends, at pre-selected neutral sites across the United States. The Final Four is usually played during the first weekend of April and these four teams, one from each region, compete in a pre-selected location for the national championship. The tournament has been at least partially televised since 1969, currently, the games are broadcast by CBS, TBS, TNT, and truTV under the trade-name NCAA March Madness. Since 2011, all games are available for viewing nationwide and internationally, such as in the Philippines, as television coverage has grown, so too has the tournaments popularity. Currently, millions of Americans fill out a bracket, attempting to predict the outcome of all 67 games of the tournament. With 11 national titles, UCLA has the record for the most NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Championships, the University of Kentucky is second, with eight national titles. The University of North Carolina is in place, with six titles, while Duke University. The University of Connecticut is sixth with four national titles, the University of Kansas and University of Louisville are tied with three championships. During that time Villanova, Michigan, UNLV, Duke, Arkansas, Arizona, Connecticut, Maryland, Syracuse, the NCAA has changed the tournament format several times since its inception, most often representing an increase of the number of teams. This section describes the tournament as it has operated since 2011, for changes during the course of its history, and to see how the tournament operated during past years, go to Format history, below. A total of 68 teams qualify for the tournament played during March, thirty-two teams earn automatic bids as their respective conference champions. Of the 32 Division I all-sports conferences, all 32 currently hold championship tournaments to determine which team receives the automatic qualification. The Ivy League was the last Division I conference that did not conduct a tournament, through the 2015–16 season, if two or more Ivies shared a regular-season championship, a one-game playoff was used to decide the tournament participant. Since 2017, the league conducts their own postseason tournament, the committee also determines where all sixty-eight teams are seeded and placed in the bracket. The tournament is divided into four regions and each region has at least sixteen teams, the committee is charged with making each of the four regions as close as possible in overall quality of teams from wherever they come from
8.
National Invitation Tournament
–
The National Invitation Tournament is a mens college basketball tournament operated by the National Collegiate Athletic Association. Played at Madison Square Garden in New York City each March and April, over time it became eclipsed by the NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament – known today informally as March Madness and The Big Dance. The NIT has since been regarded more as a tournament for teams that did not receive a berth in the NCAA tournament. A second, much more recent NIT tournament is played in November, formerly the Preseason NIT, it was founded in 1985. Like the postseason NIT, its final rounds are played at Madison Square Garden, both tournaments were operated by the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association until 2005, when they were purchased by the NCAA, and the MIBA disbanded. Unless otherwise qualified, the terms NIT or National Invitation Tournament refer to the tournament in both common and official use. The first NIT was won by the Temple University Owls over the Colorado Buffaloes and this became the Metropolitan Intercollegiate Basketball Association in 1948. Originally the tournament invited a field of 6 teams, with all games played at Madison Square Garden in downtown Manhattan. The field was expanded to 8 teams in 1941,12 in 1949,14 in 1965,16 in 1968,24 in 1979,32 in 1980, in 2007, the tournament reverted to the current 32-team format. Some conferences, such as the Southeastern Conference, were racially segregated, from its onset and at least into the mid-1950s, the NIT was regarded as the most prestigious showcase for college basketball. The winner of the National Invitation Tournament was regarded as more of a national champion than the actual, titular, national champion, several teams played in both the NIT and NCAA tournaments in the same year, beginning with Colorado and Duquesne in 1940. Colorado won the NIT in 1940 but subsequently finished fourth in the NCAA West Region, in 1949, some Kentucky players were bribed by gamblers to lose their first round game in the NIT. This same Kentucky team went on to win the NCAA, the champions of both the NCAA and NIT tournaments played each other for a few years during World War II. From 1943 to 1945, the American Red Cross sponsored a charity game between each years tournament champions to raise money for the war effort. The series was described by Ray Meyer as not just benefit games, the NCAA champion prevailed in all three games. The Helms Athletic Foundation retroactively selected the NIT champion as its champion for 1938. In 1943 the NCAA tournament moved to share Madison Square Garden with the NIT in an effort to increase the credibility of the NCAA Tournament. In 1945, The New York Times indicated that many teams could get bids to enter either tournament, the team played in the NIT instead, which it won
9.
2000 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
The 2000 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 16,2000, and ended with the game on April 3 in Indianapolis. A total of 63 games were played, due to a string of upsets throughout the tournament, only one top-four seed advanced to the Final Four. That was Michigan State, who finished the season as the #1 team in the nation and was given the top seed in the Midwest Region, the highest seeded of the other three Final Four teams was Florida, who won the East Region as the fifth seed. Two eight-seeds made the Final Four, with Wisconsin and North Carolina rounding the bracket out, Wisconsin won the West Region while North Carolina won the South Region, with both regions seeing their top three seeds eliminated during the first weekend of play. Michigan State won their first national championship since 1979 by defeating Florida 89-76 in the final game, Mateen Cleaves of Michigan State was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player, while Morris Peterson was its leading scorer. Despite the string of upsets, no seed lower than 11 won a game in the tournament. The only 11 seed to win was Pepperdine, which defeated Indiana in the East Regions first round in what turned out to be Bob Knights last game coaching the Hoosiers before his firing that offseason. Also, two teams qualified as 10 seeds advanced to the Sweet Sixteen as Seton Hall in the East. Because of the upsets, the Elite Eight consisted of one top seed, one seed, one third seed, one fifth seed, one sixth seed, one seventh seed. However, the number one seed left in the tournament opened the second half with a 13-2 run. After the run, Michigan State coasted home against Wisconsins limited offense, however, the Florida Gators answered back with a 9-0 run to give them the lead for good. The Gators held the Tar Heels to just six points over a 9½ minute span to put them in great shape, foul trouble ultimately doomed the Tar Heels, and the Gators advanced to their first ever National Championship game. April 3,2000 Michigan State 89, Florida 76 Michigan State senior Mateen Cleaves limped his way to the Most Outstanding Player of the 2000 NCAA Tournament. Cleaves sprained his ankle with 16,18 to play in the 2nd half, Cleaves returned about four minutes later, and immediately helped lead the Spartans on a 16-6 run to put the game out of reach. The lone top-seed remaining would bring order to a tournament filled with upsets as they salted away the victory for the schools second National Championship, Michigan State coach Tom Izzo earned his first title, from his second straight final four appearance. Morris Peterson led the Spartans with 21 points, CBS Sports had exclusive TV coverage. They were carried on a basis until the Elite Eight
10.
1999 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
The 1999 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament involved 64 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 11,1999, and ended with the game on March 29 at Tropicana Field in St. Petersburg. A total of 63 games were played and this years Final Four was the first—and so far, only—to be held in a baseball-specific facility, as Tropicana Field is home to the Tampa Bay Rays. Duke nonetheless tied the record for most games won during a season, with 37. The 2007–08 Memphis team actually broke this record first, but the team was forced to forfeit their entire season due to eligibility issues surrounding the team. Funny that Dukes season was not vacated by the NCAA for having a player on their team during this year. That mystery will never be solved, all everyone needs to know is that Duke could write their players a check before every game on national television and they would still go unpunished. Richard Rip Hamilton of Connecticut was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player and this was a significant victory for the program, as it cemented Connecticuts reputation as a true basketball power after decades of barely missing the Final Four. Also, the Huskies were the last mens national champion to date that did not play football at the now known as the Football Bowl Subdivision at the time of their title. This tournament is also notable as the coming-out party for Gonzaga as a rising mid-major power. Gonzaga has made every NCAA tournament since then, and is now considered to be a high-major program despite its mid-major conference affiliation. Due to violations committed by Ohio State head coach Jim OBrien, the mark would once again be raised to 38 wins after Kentuckys dominant title run in 2012. This is bullshit however, because Duke competed with a player for the entire 1998-1999 season. The NCAA decided to give Duke and Coach K a rim job and let them off the hook, in fact, Connecticut had spent more weeks as the number 1 team in the country, according to the AP Top 25 Poll, than had Duke. The previous record was held by Villanova, who defeated Georgetown as 9-point underdogs in 1985, the 1999 Final Four would be the last time Tropicana Field would host NCAA tournament games. For Duke, they had 2 straight promising seasons end on the Tropicana Field floor, with a 86-84 loss to Kentucky in the 1998 South Regional final, and then the 1999 National Championship game
11.
2001 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
It began on March 13,2001, with the play-in game, and ended with the championship game on April 2 in Minneapolis, at the Metrodome. A total of 64 games were played and this tournament is the first to feature 65 teams, due to the Mountain West Conference receiving an automatic bid for the first time. This meant that 31 conferences would have automatic bids to the tournament, the NCAA decided to maintain 34 at-large bids, which necessitated a play-in game between the #64 and #65 ranked teams, with the winner playing against a #1 seed in the first round. This is also the first tournament to have been broadcast in high-definition and this was the last tournament where the first- and second-round sites were tied to specific regionals. The pod system was instituted for the 2002 tournament to keep as many teams as possible closer to their campus in the first two rounds, Duke defeated Arizona 82-72 in the national championship game to win their third national title and first since 1992. Shane Battier of Duke was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player, Maryland jumped out of the gate to an early 39-17 lead. It appeared the Terps would eliminate Duke, led by senior Shane Battier, however, Duke was able to cut the lead at halftime to 49-38. Duke would take its first lead when Jason Williams drained a three to give Duke the lead 73-72 with 6,48 to play, Duke closed the game with a 23–12 run to stun Gary Williams Maryland squad. The game was close at halftime with Arizona leading by just 2, however, Arizona outscored Michigan State 48–31 in the second half en route to the 19-point victory. April 2,2001 Duke 82, Arizona 72 The second-ranked team coming into the NCAA Tournament would leave giving coach Mike Krzyzewski his third National Championship at Duke. Arizona cut Dukes lead to 39-37 early in the second half, Dunleavy Jr. led the Duke Blue Devils with 21 points. The Arizona Wildcats would cut the gap to 3 four times, however, Shane Battier proved himself too much for the Wildcats to handle as he hit two critical shots to put the Blue Devils comfortably ahead. Jason Williams, despite a poor shooting night, iced the game with a three-pointer from the top of the key with under 2 minutes to play to give Duke a three-point lead, the final score was Duke 82 – Arizona 72. This tournament featured many upsets in the first two rounds, with two #13 seeds and two #12 seeds winning in the first, the best remembered and most unexpected occurred when Hampton beat number 2 seed Iowa State 58-57 in the first round. They were down by as much as 11 in the game, tarvis Williams made the winning shot with 6.9 seconds left. Hampton became only the fourth #15 seed to win a game since the tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985 and they went on to lose to Georgetown in the second round, failing to become the first seed that low to make the Round of 16. The Pirates were the last #15 seed to advance in the tournament until 2012, in which two #15 seeds beat their #2-seeded opponents
12.
2005 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
The 2005 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament involved 65 schools playing in single-elimination play to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. It began on March 15,2005, and ended with the game on April 4 at the Edward Jones Dome in St. Louis. North Carolina emerged as the champions for a fourth time. North Carolinas Sean May was named the tournaments Most Outstanding Player, coach Roy Williams won his first national championship. For the first time since 1999, when Weber State defeated North Carolina, a #13 seed, Vermont, advanced by defeating Syracuse in the first round and a #12 seed, Wisconsin-Milwaukee, advanced to the Sweet Sixteen in the Chicago region. A total of 65 teams entered the tournament, thirty of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy League, which does not conduct a tournament, went to its regular season champion. The remaining 34 teams were granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Two teams played a game, popularly called the play-in game. This game has played at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton. All 64 teams were seeded 1 to 16 within their regionals, the Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 65. The 2005 regionals, along with their top seeds, are listed below, Chicago Regional Albuquerque Regional Syracuse Regional Austin Regional Each regional winner advanced to the Final Four, held April 2–4 in St. Louis. The 2005 play-in game was played on Tuesday, March 15, at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio, Louis, Missouri, hosted by the Missouri Valley Conference. The semi-final games were held on April 2 and the final on April 4,2005, Nevada 61, Texas 57 Down 57–53 with 2,24 to play, the Wolf Pack of Nevada came from behind to win despite a sub-par game from star Nick Fazekas. March 17, Wolstein Center, Cleveland Milwaukee 83, Alabama 73 The Horizon League champion Panthers pulled the upset behind 21 points apiece from Ed McCants and Joah Tucker. March 17, Taco Bell Arena, Boise UAB82, LSU68 UAB led throughout with Marvett McDonald scoring 21 points, Arizona 66, Utah State 53 Arizona started slow, but secured the win led by Channing Frye and Salim Stoudamire each scoring 17 points. March 18, Ford Center, Oklahoma City Southern Illinois 65, Oklahoma State 63, SE Louisiana 50 Oklahoma State jumped out to a 9-point halftime lead and built on it from there behind Ivan McFarlins 18 points. March 17, Taco Bell Arena, Boise Washington 88, Montana 77 Top-seeded Washington easily advanced, Pacific 79, Pittsburgh 71 Pacific nearly squandered a 15-point lead, letting Pittsburgh get within 5, but hung on to advance behind 17 from Christian Maraker and 15 from Mike Webb
13.
2009 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
The University of Detroit Mercy hosted the Final Four, which was the 71st edition. Prior to the start of the tournament, the top ranked team was Louisville in both the AP Top 25 and the ESPN/USA Today Coaches Polls, followed by North Carolina, Memphis, only the Tar Heels of North Carolina were the regional winners and played in the Final Four. The Tar Heels completed one of the most dominant runs in the history by winning each of their games by at least twelve points. For the first time since seeding began, all seeds made it into the Sweet 16. Sixty-five teams were selected for the tournament, thirty of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy League, which does not conduct a tournament, went to Cornell. The remaining 34 teams were granted at-large bids by the NCAA Selection Committee, two teams play an opening-round game, popularly called the play-in game. The winner of that game advances to the draw of the tournament as a 16 seed. The 2009 game was played on Tuesday, March 17, at the University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio, All 64 teams were seeded 1 to 16 within their regions, the winner of the play-in game automatically received a 16 seed. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 65, SEC commissioner Mike Slive served his last year as chairman of the committee. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis The four regionals are officially named after their areas, between 2004 and 2006, the regionals were named for their host cities. Results to date * – Denotes overtime period All times in U. S. EDT, winner advanced to 16th seed in Midwest Regional vs. Louisville. Goran Suton of Michigan State was the Midwest regional most outstanding player and he was joined by Spartan teammates Kalin Lucas and Travis Walton, Louisvilles Earl Clark and Kansass Cole Aldrich on the NCAA Tournament All-Midwest Regional team. To play the top-seeded Louisville Cardinals in the first round, Morehead State defeated Alabama State 58–43 and this marked the first time either team had played in the tournament in five years, the Eagles had not played since 1984. Morehead State fell to Louisville 74–54, the 100th time a 1 seed beat a 16 seed in the tournament since seeding began, however, the Eagles managed to keep the game close until halftime, when Louisville led by only 2 points. In the second half, the Cardinals began to apply their signature fullcourt pressure, forcing turnovers, leon Buchanans 17 points for the Eagles were not enough to upset Louisville, whose top scorers, Samardo Samuels and Terrence Williams, scored a combined 28 points. Morehead State has not beaten Louisville in 52 years, in two overtimes, the Siena Saints beat the Ohio State Buckeyes 74–72. Ohio State had the advantage of playing an hour from their campus, and received 25 points, nine rebounds, the Saints made 6 out of 23 3-pointers and had 22 turnovers
14.
2010 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
It began on March 16,2010, and concluded with the championship game on April 5 at Lucas Oil Stadium in Indianapolis, to become champion. It was the first Final Four at Lucas Oil Stadium, the RCA Dome, when Duke and Butler played each other in the tournament final, it was the first title game between private universities in 25 years, and the fifth such matchup in history. Duke defeated Butler 61-59 in the game as Gordon Haywards last second desperation shot clanged off the rim. It was Dukes first national championship since 2001 and fourth overall, entering the tournament, the top four seeds were Kansas, Duke, Kentucky, and Syracuse. Kansas entered the tournament as the number one seed but were defeated on opening weekend by Northern Iowa. Northern Iowa was one of four teams seeded lower than #8 to advance to the Sweet Sixteen, joining East Region #11 seed Washington and #12 seed Cornell and South Region #10 seed Saint Marys. For the first time since 2006, a #14 seed advanced out of the first round as Ohio defeated Georgetown in the sub-regionals at Dunkin Donuts Center. The #13 seed in the West Region, Murray State, defeated Vanderbilt marking the second appearance for the Commodores where they lost as a #4 seed. Murray State very nearly upset Butler in their game, losing by two. One of the more exciting games of the tournament was played at the West Regional in Salt Lake City, Jordan Crawford hit a three-pointer with seconds remaining in the first overtime period to force a second. A total of 65 teams were selected for the tournament, thirty one of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. The automatic bid of the Ivy League, which does not conduct a tournament, went to Cornell. The remaining 34 teams were granted at-large bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. Two teams play a game, popularly called the play-in game. The 2010 game was played on March 16 at University of Dayton Arena in Dayton, Ohio, the University of Dayton hosted the game. All 64 teams are seeded 1 to 16 within their regions, the Selection Committee seeds the entire field from 1 to 65. UCLA athletic director Dan Guerrero took over as chair of the Division I Mens Basketball Committee, Conference USA champion Houston made its first NCAA Tournament appearance in 18 years. This is a list of qualifying teams for the 2010 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament, a total of 65 teams entered the tournament
15.
2015 NCAA Division I Men's Basketball Tournament
–
The 2015 NCAA Division I Mens Basketball Tournament involved 68 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of mens NCAA Division I college basketball. The 77th edition of the tournament began on March 17,2015, Duke defeated Wisconsin in the championship game, 68–63. Tyus Jones of Duke was the tournaments Most Outstanding Player, after 22 years without an unbeaten team in the tournament, following UNLV in 1991, this is the second consecutive tournament with an unbeaten team. The Wildcats, by beating Cincinnati in the round, set an NCAA mens record with 36 straight wins to start a season. They would win two more before Wisconsin upset them in the Final Four, defending national champion Connecticut did not qualify. Kansas extended its streak of consecutive tournament appearances to 26 in a row and they have made each NCAA Tournament dating back to 1990. Kansas would qualify again in 2015–16 to tie the record for consecutive NCAA Tournament appearances held by North Carolina, harvard and Yale played a one-game playoff at the Palestra. Dayton played a First Four game at their arena, which is usually not allowed during the mens tournament. The NCAA selection committee indicated that putting Dayton in its home arena falls within the context of the committees procedures, for the first time since 1995, two 14 seeds recorded wins in the Second Round. On March 19, Georgia State defeated Baylor and UAB defeated Iowa State, of the sixteen games played on March 19, five were decided by one point, a single-day record. For the first time since 2007 and the time since the field expanded to 64 teams in 1985. This was also the first time since 2007 that there were four 4 vs.5 matchups in the Third Round, on March 20, all but one chalk team won their game, compared to the four upsets the previous day. Michigan State reached its seventh Final Four in the last 18 seasons—the best mark in the nation during that time span, for the first time since 2009, multiple 1 seeds reached the Final Four. For the first time since 2008, two 1 seeds reached the Championship, between Kansas and Memphis, Wisconsin was in its first final since 1941, and lost, and Duke in its first final since 2010, and won. The Wisconsin loss extended the Big Ten Conferences losing streak in National Championship games to six, as of 2015, Michigan State is the last Big Ten team to win a National Championship, having done so in 2000. Out of 333 eligible Division I teams,68 participate in the tournament, eighteen Division I teams were ineligible due to failing to meet APR requirements, self-imposed postseason bans, or reclassification from a lower division. Of the 32 automatic bids,31 were given to programs that won their conference tournaments, the Ivy League does not hold a tournament, and awards its bid to the team with the best regular-season record. However, whenever two or more teams are tied for the title, league rules call for a one-game playoff between the top two teams, which occurred in this year
16.
Henry Iba Award
–
The Henry Iba Award was established in 1959 to recognize the best college basketball coach of the year by the United States Basketball Writers Association. Five nominees are presented and the individual with the most votes receives the award, the award is named for Henry Iba, who coached at Oklahoma State from 1934 to 1970. Iba won the NCAA College Championship in 1945 and 1946 and coached the U. S. Olympic Teams to two medals in 1964 and 1968. The award is presented at the Oscar Robertson Trophy Breakfast on the Friday before the Final Four, legendary UCLA Bruins coach John Wooden has the most all–time selections with seven. Of the seven other coaches with multiple Henry Iba Awards, none have received it more than twice, not including Woodens seven awards, the school with the second–most winners is Ohio State, which has had two coaches win a total of three awards
17.
John R. Wooden Award
–
The John R. Wooden Award is an award given annually to the most outstanding mens and womens college basketball players. The program consists of the mens and womens Player of the Year awards, the awards, given by the Los Angeles Athletic Club, are named in honor of John Wooden, the 1932 national collegiate basketball player of the year from Purdue. Wooden later taught and coached basketball at Indiana State and UCLA. Coach Wooden, whose teams at UCLA won ten NCAA championships, was the first man to be inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame as a player and his 1948 Indiana State team was the NAIB National Finalist. The award, which was given only to male athletes, was first given in 1977. Starting in 2004, the award was extended to womens basketball, additionally, the Legends of Coaching Award was presented first in 1999. The 2015 presentation was broadcast on ESPN2 and the show was presented by Wendys at Los Angeles Club Nokia on Friday, each year, the Awards National Advisory Board, a 26-member panel, selects approximately 20 candidates for Player of the Year and All-American Team honors. The candidates must be students and have a cumulative grade point average of 2.00 or higher throughout their college career. Players who are nominated must have made outstanding contributions to team play, the selection ballot is announced prior to the NCAA basketball tournament. The voters consist of 1,000 sportswriters and sportscasters representing the 50 states, the top ten vote-getters are selected to the All-American Team, and the results are announced following the Elite Eight round of the NCAA Tournament. The person who receives the most votes is named the Player of the Year, the Player of the Year is awarded a trophy consisting of five bronze figures. The players school receives a trophy, as well as a scholarship grant. The other top four members of the All-American Team receive an All-American Team trophy, a jacket, each coach of the top five All-American Team members also receives a jacket. The All-American Team members ranked six through ten receive an All-American Team trophy and a jacket, the criteria for the womens Player of the Year award and All-American Team honors are similar to those for the men. For the womens award, the National Advisory Board consists of 12 members, the voters are 250 sportswriters and sportscasters. In contrast to the mens All-American Team, only five members are selected for the womens team, the Player of the Year receives a trophy, and her school receives a duplicate trophy and a scholarship grant. The concept for the trophy originated with Wooden Award Chairman, Richard Duke Llewellyn, work began on the trophy in 1975, and sculptor Don Winton, who had sculpted many top sports awards, was given the task of designing the model of the trophy. The figures are bronze plated and attached to a base plate
18.
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame
–
The Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame is an American history museum and hall of fame, located at 1000 Hall of Fame Avenue in Springfield, Massachusetts. It serves as the sports most complete library, in addition to promoting and preserving the history of basketball, dedicated to Canadian physician and inventor of the sport James Naismith, it was opened and inducted its first class in 1959. As of the induction of the Class of 2016 on September 9,2016, the Naismith Hall of Fame was established in 1959 by Lee Williams, a former athletic director at Colby College. In the 1960s, the Basketball Hall of Fame struggled to raise money for the construction of its first facility. The Basketball Hall of Fames Board named four inductees in its first year, in addition to honoring those who contributed to basketball, the Hall of Fame sought to make contributions of its own. In 1979, the Hall of Fame sponsored the Tip-Off Classic and this Tip-Off Classic has been the start to the college basketball season ever since, and although it does not always take place in Springfield, Massachusetts, generally it returns every few years. In the 17 years that the original Basketball Hall of Fame operated at Springfield College, the popularity of the Basketball Hall of Fame necessitated that a new facility be constructed, and in 1985, an $11 million facility was built beside the scenic Connecticut River in Springfield. As the new hall opened, it also recognized women for the first time, with such as Senda Berenson Abbott. In 2002, the Basketball Hall of Fame moved again—albeit merely 100 yards south along Springfields riverfront—into a $47 million facility designed by renowned architects Gwathmey Siegel & Associates, the buildings architecture features a metallic silver, basketball-shaped sphere flanked by two similarly symmetrical rhombuses. The dome is illuminated at night and features 80,000 square foot, including numerous restaurants, the second Basketball Hall of Fame was not torn down but rather converted into an LA Fitness health clubs. The current Basketball Hall of Fame features Center Court, a basketball court on which visitors can play. Inside the building there are a gallery, many interactive exhibits, several theaters. A large theater for ceremonies seats up to 300, the honorees inducted in 2002 included the Harlem Globetrotters and Magic Johnson, a five-time NBA champion, three-time NBA finals MVP and Olympic gold medalist. As of 2011, the current Basketball Hall of Fame has greatly exceeded attendance expectations, despite the new facilitys success, a logistical problem remains for the Basketball Hall of Fame and the City of Springfield. Urban planners at universities such as UMass Amherst have called for the I-91 to be moved, in 2010, the Urban Land Institute announced a plan to make the walk between Springfields Metro Center and the Hall of Fame easier. Since 2011, the induction process employs a total of seven committees to both screen and elect candidates, since 2011, the Veterans and International Committees also vote to directly induct one candidate for each induction class. Contributor Direct Election Committee Note that other committees may choose to elect contributors, for example, the 2014 class included two contributors. However, each screening committee is limited as to the number of candidates it can put forth to the Honors Committee—10 from the North American Committee, any individual receiving at least 18 affirmative votes from the Honors Committee is approved for induction into the Hall of Fame
19.
College basketball
–
The history of basketball is traced back to a YMCA International Training School, known today as Springfield College, located in Springfield, Massachusetts. The date of the first formal basketball game played at the Springfield YMCA Training School under Naismiths rules is generally given as December 21,1891, Basketball began to spread to college campuses by 1893. Governing bodies in Canada include U Sports and the Canadian Collegiate Athletic Association, each of these various organizations are subdivided into from one to three divisions based on the number and level of scholarships that may be provided to the athletes. The first basketball games in the United States were played at YMCAs in 1891 and 1892, by 1893, the game was being played on college campuses. The original rules for basketball were very different from todays modern rules of the sport, in the beginning James Naismith established 13 original rules, The ball may be thrown in any direction with one or both hands. The ball may be batted in any direction with one or both hands, but never with the fist, a player cannot run with the ball. The player must throw it from the spot on which he catches it, the ball must be held by the hands. The arms or body must not be used for holding it, no shouldering, holding, pushing, striking, or tripping in any way of an opponent is allowed. A foul will be called when a player is seen striking at the ball with the fist, or when violations of rules 3 and 4, if either side makes three consecutive fouls it shall count as a goal for the opponents. A goal shall be made when the ball is thrown or batted from the grounds into the basket and stays there, if the ball rests on the edges, and the opponent moves the basket, it shall count as a goal. When the ball out of bounds, it shall be thrown into the field. In case of dispute the umpire shall throw it straight into the field, the thrower-in is allowed five seconds. If he holds it longer, it shall go to the opponent, if any side persists in delaying the game, the umpire shall call a foul on them. The umpire shall be the judge of the men and shall note the fouls and he shall have power to disqualify men according to rule 5. The referee shall be judge of the ball and shall decide when the ball is in play, in bounds, to side it belongs. He shall decide when a goal has been made and keep account of the goals, the time shall be two fifteen-minute halves, with five minutes rest between. The side making the most goals in that time shall be declared the winner, the following is a list of some of the major NCAA Basketball rule changes with the year they went into effect. The first known college to field a team against an outside opponent was Vanderbilt University
20.
Andy Katz
–
Andy Katz is a senior college basketball journalist for ESPN. com. He has been working for ESPN since January 5,2000 and he is a regular sports analyst on College GameNight on ESPN. Katz earned a B. A. at the University of Wisconsin–Madison, before Katz joined ESPN he was a sports reporter for The Fresno Bee. He also had worked at the Albuquerque Journal and Milwaukee Journal Sentinel Katz is responsible for reporting the latest sports news. He is also involved in speaking, engaging with fans, and appearing at meet, Andy Katz ESPN Bio Andy Katz on Twitter The IU Circus, Comic Relief Supplied by Greenspan and Katz. Blue Trolley Press & Surge Bucket Media
21.
ESPN
–
ESPN is a U. S. -based global cable and satellite sports television channel owned by ESPN Inc. a joint venture between The Walt Disney Company and the Hearst Corporation. ESPN broadcasts primarily from studio facilities located in Bristol, Connecticut, the network also operates offices in Miami, New York City, Seattle, Charlotte, and Los Angeles. John Skipper currently serves as president of ESPN, a position he has held since January 1,2012, as of February 2015, ESPN is available to approximately 94,396,000 paid television households in the United States. In 2011, ESPNs history and rise was chronicled by These Guys Have All the Fun, Bill Rasmussen conceived the concept of ESPN in late May 1978, after he was fired from his job with the World Hockey Associations New England Whalers. One of the first steps in Bill and his son Scotts process was finding land to build the channels broadcasting facilities, the Rasmussens first rented office space in Plainville, Connecticut. However, the plan to base ESPN there was put on hold because a local ordinance prohibiting buildings from bearing rooftop satellite dishes and this helped the credibility of the fledgling company, however there were still many doubters to the viability of their sports channel concept. ESPN launched on September 7,1979, beginning with the first telecast of what would become the flagship program. Taped in front of a live audience inside the Bristol studios. ESPNs next big break came when the acquired the rights to broadcast coverage of the early rounds of the NCAA Mens Division I Basketball Tournament. It first aired the NCAA tournament in March 1980, creating the modern day television event known as March Madness. The channels tournament coverage also launched the career of Dick Vitale. In April of that year, ESPN created another made-for-TV spectacle, the next major stepping stone for ESPN came over the course of a couple of months in 1984. During this time period, the American Broadcasting Company purchased 100% of ESPN from the Rasmussens, for years, the NFL, NBA and Major League Baseball refused to consider cable as a means of broadcasting some of their games. However, with the backing of ABC, ESPNs ability to compete for major sports contracts greatly increased, later in 1984, the U. S. ESPNs Sunday Night Football games would become the highest-rated NFL telecasts for the next 17 years. In 1992, ESPN launched ESPN Radio, a sports talk radio network providing analysis. It became the fastest growing cable channel in the U. S. during the 1990s, ownership of ABC, and in effect control of ESPN, was acquired first by Capital Cities Communications in 1985, and then by The Walt Disney Company in 1996. In 2012, ESPN generated more revenue for Disney than any of its other properties combined, alongside its live sports broadcasts, ESPN also airs a variety of sports highlight, talk, and documentary-styled shows. 30 for 30 started airing in 2009 and continues airing to this day, each episode is through the eyes of a well known filmmaker and has featured some of the biggest directors in Hollywood
22.
Bob Knight
–
Robert Montgomery Bob Knight is a retired American basketball coach. Knight is best known as the coach of the Indiana Hoosiers from 1971 to 2000. He also coached at Texas Tech and at Army, while at Indiana, Knight led his teams to three NCAA championships, one National Invitation Tournament championship, and 11 Big Ten Conference championships. He received National Coach of the Year honors four times and Big Ten Coach of the Year honors eight times. In 1984, he coached the USA mens Olympic team to a gold medal, Knight was one of college basketballs most successful and innovative coaches, having perfected and popularized the motion offense. He has also praised for running clean programs and graduating most of his players. Knight remains the object of near fanatical devotion from his former players, in 2008, Knight joined ESPN as a mens college basketball studio analyst during Championship Week and for coverage of the NCAA Tournament. He continued covering college basketball for ESPN through the 2014-15 season, Knight was born in Massillon, Ohio, and grew up in Orrville, Ohio. Knight began his career as a player at Orrville High School and he continued under Basketball Hall of Fame coach Fred Taylor at Ohio State in 1958. The Buckeyes lost to the Cincinnati Bearcats in each of the next two NCAA Championship games, of which Knight was also a part. Due in part to the power of those Ohio State teams, playing time was usually scarce for Knight. In the 1961 NCAA Championship game, Knight came off the bench with 1,41 on the clock and Cincinnati leading Ohio State, 61-59. In the words of then-Ohio State assistant coach Frank Truitt, Knight got the ball in the front court. Then crossed over like he worked on it all his life and drove right in and laid it up. That tied the game for us, and Knight ran clear across the floor like a 100-yard dash sprinter and ran right at me and said, See there, coach, to which Truitt replied, Sit down, you hot dog. Youre lucky youre even on the floor, Knight graduated with a degree in history and government in 1962. After graduation in 1962, Knight coached junior varsity basketball at Cuyahoga Falls High School in Ohio for one year, in six seasons at West Point, Knight won 102 games, with his first as a head coach coming against Worcester Polytechnic Institute. One of his players was Mike Krzyzewski, who served as his assistant before becoming a Hall of Fame head coach at Duke
23.
Upper Peninsula of Michigan
–
The Upper Peninsula is the northern of the two major peninsulas that make up the U. S. state of Michigan. It may also be referred to as the UP or Upper Michigan, the peninsula is bounded on the north by Lake Superior, on the east by the St. Marys River, on the southeast by Lake Michigan and Lake Huron, and on the southwest by Wisconsin. The Upper Peninsula contains 29% of the area of Michigan. Residents are frequently called Yoopers and have a regional identity. Large numbers of French Canadian, Finnish, Swedish, Cornish, the peninsula includes the only counties in the United States where a plurality of residents claim Finnish ancestry. Ordered by size, the peninsulas largest cities are Marquette, Sault Ste, Marie, Escanaba, Menominee, Houghton, and Iron Mountain. The land and climate are not very suitable for agriculture because of the harsh winters. The economy has been based on logging, mining, and tourism, most mines have closed since the golden age from 1890 to 1920. The land is forested and logging remains a major industry. The first known inhabitants of the Upper Peninsula were tribes speaking Algonquian languages and they arrived roughly around A. D.800 and subsisted chiefly from fishing. Early tribes included the Menominee, Nocquet, and the Mishinimaki, Étienne Brûlé of France was probably the first European to visit the peninsula, crossing the St. Marys River around 1620 in search of a route to the Far East. French colonists laid claim to the land in the 17th century, establishing missions, following the end of the French and Indian War in 1763, the territory was ceded to Great Britain. Sault Ste Marie, Michigan is the oldest European settlement in Michigan, American Indian tribes formerly allied with the French were dissatisfied with the British occupation, which brought new territorial policies. Whereas the French cultivated alliances among the Indians, the British postwar approach was to treat the tribes as conquered peoples, in 1763, tribes united in Pontiacs Rebellion to try to drive the British from the area. In 1764, they began negotiations with the British which resulted in temporary peace, although the Upper Peninsula nominally became United States territory with the 1783 Treaty of Paris, the British did not give up control until 1797 under terms of the Jay Treaty. As an American territory, the Upper Peninsula was still dominated by the fur trade, john Jacob Astor founded the American Fur Company on Mackinac Island in 1808, however, the industry began to decline in the 1830s as beaver and other game were overhunted. When the Michigan Territory was first established in 1805, it included only the Lower Peninsula, in 1819, the territory was expanded to include the remainder of the Upper Peninsula, all of Wisconsin, and part of Minnesota. When Michigan was preparing for statehood in the 1830s, the boundaries proposed corresponded to the territorial boundaries
24.
Steve Mariucci
–
Mariucci was born and raised in Iron Mountain, Michigan, in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where he met best friend and current Michigan State University basketball head coach Tom Izzo. Both attended Iron Mountain High where they were teammates on the football, basketball, at Northern Michigan University in Marquette, where they were roommates, Mariucci was a three-time All-America quarterback. In 1975, he quarterbacked NMU to the NCAA Division II National Football Championship and he then went on to play two weeks with the Hamilton Tiger-Cats in the Canadian Football League. He began his career at his alma mater, and moved to Cal State Fullerton. Mariuccis first pro position was as a coach for the United States Football Leagues Orlando Renegades in 1985. Later that fall, he had a stint with the Los Angeles Rams as quality control coach. He joined the USC staff in 1986 and he coached wide receiver Ken Henry to a season where he had 807 yards with 7 TD. WR Randy Tanner also had 408 yards with 3 TD and he then moved to the coaching staff at the University of California, Berkeley in 1987. In 1987, WR Brian Bedford had 515 yards with 4 TD, WR Mike Ford had 479 yards with 3 TD. In 1989, WR Brian Treggs had 746 yards with 4 TD, in 1990 and 1991, he served as the Golden Bears offensive coordinator. Quarterback Mike Pawlawski threw for 2,069 yards with 17 TDs, in 1991, QB Mike Pawlawski threw for 2,517 yards with 21 TD and RB Russell White ran for 1,177 yards with 14 TD. WR Sean Dawkins had 723 yards with 11 TD, in 1992, he was appointed as quarterback coach for the Green Bay Packers. After four years as coach for the Packers, Mariucci returned to Cal as head coach in 1996 where the team finished 6–6. Following his season with the Golden Bears, Mariucci was considered a candidate for several National Football League coaching positions. Mariuccis 1997 team went 13–3 during the season, earning home-field advantage in the National Football Conference. The defeat was the 49ers fourth NFC title loss of the 1990s, following losses to the New York Giants in 1990 and the Dallas Cowboys in 1992 and 1993. In 1998, the 49ers posted a 12–4 record and returned to the playoffs as a wild card team, two losing seasons followed, but in 2001, the 49ers returned to the playoffs after a 12–4 season, once again to be eliminated by the Packers. Mariuccis final season in San Francisco was 2002, the 49ers won the NFC West with a 10–6 record and beat the New York Giants in a controversial wild-card game, posting the third-biggest comeback playoff victory in NFL history
25.
Northern Michigan University
–
Northern Michigan University is a four-year college public university established in 1899 and located in Marquette, in the Upper Peninsula of the U. S. state of Michigan. With enrollment of about 9,000 undergraduate and graduate students, when it opened in 1899, NMU enrolled thirty-two students who were taught by six faculty members in rented rooms in Marquette city hall. Throughout the schools first half-century, education and teacher training was schools primary focus, during this time, the school built the native sandstone buildings Kaye and Peter White Halls, as well as a manual training school next to the campus buildings, J. D. Pierce School. During this time, enrollment grew, due in part to the 1957 opening of the Mackinac Bridge that links the Upper and Lower Peninsulas. Accredited undergraduate and graduate programs are offered by the College of Arts and Sciences, the College of Business. Graduate education began in 1928 when courses at the degree level were offered in cooperation with the University of Michigan. NMU has four divisions, College of Arts and Sciences Walker L. Cisler College of Business. 112 of these rooms seat at least 30 students, there are 63 general use classrooms which can be scheduled for multiple disciplines. All but 4 general-purpose rooms are smart classrooms fitted with technology for projecting images, there are 14 tiered classrooms,10 of which are considered lecture halls with a seat-count of at least 90. The largest lecture hall, Jamrich 102, seats 501, there are 58 labs covering the gamut of arts and sciences. There are 28 departmental classrooms,16 of which are smart, there are 3 distance learning facilities, the largest of which is Mead Auditorium which seats 100. The DeVos Art Museum displays 10–12 exhibitions per year of international, national, regional. At over 4,000 square feet it is the largest art gallery on campus, the 60, 000-square-foot facility contains an Olympic-size ice sheet and seats over 4,000 for hockey events. The Berry Events Center was built on the site of the former Memorial Stadium, Cohodas Hall The tallest building on campus, Cohodas Hall houses administrative offices and the College of Business. Completed in 1975, the stands on the site of Northerns original campus. It is named after U. P. banker and philanthropist Sam M. Cohodas, Forest Roberts Theatre The 500-seat Forest Roberts Theatre is named after a former head of the Speech department. The theatre has a lighting system and modern sound system. Performances of up to five major productions per year are held in this facility
26.
Marquette, Michigan
–
Marquette is a city in the U. S. state of Michigan and the county seat of Marquette County. The population was 21,355 at the 2010 census, making it the most populated city of the Upper Peninsula, Marquette is a major port on Lake Superior, known primarily for shipping iron ore, and is the home of Northern Michigan University. In 2012, Marquette was listed among the 10 best places to retire in the U. S. by CBS MoneyWatch, the land around Marquette was known to French missionaries of the early 17th century and the trappers of the early 19th century. Development of the area did not begin, however, until 1844, in 1845, Jackson Mining Company, the first organized mining company in the region, was formed. The village of Marquette began on September 14,1849, with the formation of a second iron concern, the village was at first called New Worcester, with Harlow as the first postmaster. On August 21,1850, the name was changed to honor Jacques Marquette, a second post office, named Carp River, was opened on October 13,1851 by Peter White, who had gone there with Graveraet at age 18. Harlow closed his post office in August 1852, the Marquette Iron Company failed, while its successor, the Cleveland Iron Mining Company, flourished and had the village platted in 1854. The plat was recorded by Peter White, whites office was renamed as Marquette in April 1856, and the village was incorporated in 1859. It was incorporated as a city in 1871, during the 1850s, Marquette was linked by rail to numerous mines and became the leading shipping center of the Upper Peninsula. The first ore pocket dock, designed by a town leader. By 1862, the city had a population of over 1,600, in the late 19th century, during the height of iron mining, Marquette became nationally known as a summer haven. Visitors brought in by Great Lakes passenger steamships filled the citys hotels, the base closed in September 1995, and is now the countys Sawyer International Airport. Marquette continues to be a port for hematite ores and, today, enriched iron ore pellets, from nearby mines. About 7.9 million gross tons of pelletized iron ore passed through Marquettes Presque Isle Harbor in 2005, the Roman Catholic Bishop Frederic Baraga is buried at St. Peters Cathedral, which is the center for the Diocese of Marquette. In addition to the Marquette #1 Post Office there is the Northern Michigan University Bookstore Contract Station #384. The first day of issue of a card showing Bishop Frederic Baraga took place in Marquette on June 29,1984. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 19.45 square miles. The city includes several islands in Lake Superior
27.
NCAA Division II
–
Division II is an intermediate-level division of competition in the National Collegiate Athletic Association. It offers an alternative to both the larger and better-funded Division I and to the scholarship-free environment offered in Division III, before 1973, the NCAAs smaller schools were grouped together in the College Division. In 1973, the College Division split in two when the NCAA began using numeric designations for its competitions, nationally, ESPN televises the championship game in football, CBS televises the mens basketball championship, and ESPN2 televises the womens basketball championship. CBS Sports Network broadcasts six football games on Thursdays during the regular season, the official slogan of NCAA Division II, implemented in 2015, is Make It Yours. There are currently 300 full and 20 provisional members of Division II with seven institutions moving to full membership in September 2015, Division II schools tend to be smaller public universities and many private institutions. A large minority of Division II institutions have fewer than 2,499 students, only six institutions have more than 15,000 students. Division II has a membership, with two active member institutions in Alaska and four in Hawaii. Additionally, it is the division that has member institutions in Puerto Rico. Simon Fraser University became the first institution outside the US to enter the NCAA membership process and this occurred after the Division II Membership Committee accepted the institutions application during a July 7–9 meeting in Indianapolis, Indiana. Simon Fraser, located in the Vancouver suburb of Burnaby, British Columbia, prospective members also must complete at least one year of provisional status before being accepted as full-time Division II members. In the fall of 2012, the NCAA Presidents Council officially approved Simon Fraser University as the organizations first international member. Division II institutions have to sponsor at least five sports for men and five for women, for sports other than football and basketball there are no scheduling requirements. There are not attendance requirements for football, nor arena size requirements for basketball, there are maximum financial aid awards for each sport, as well as a separate limit on financial aid awards in mens sports, that a Division II school must not exceed. Division II teams usually feature a number of local or in-state student-athletes, many Division II student-athletes pay for school through a combination of scholarship money, grants, student loans and employment earnings. Division II athletics programs are financed in the institutions budget like other departments on campus. Traditional rivalries with regional institutions dominate schedules of many Division II athletics programs, Athletic scholarships are offered in most sponsored sports at most institutions, but with more stringent limits as to the numbers offered in any one sport than at the Division I level. For example, Division II schools may give financial aid in football equivalent to 36 full scholarships, two exceptions to this rule currently exist. First, football players transferring from a Division I FBS school to a Division I FCS school do not have to sit out a year
28.
University of Tulsa
–
The University of Tulsa is a private university located in Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States. The university is affiliated with the Presbyterian Church. The university is renowned for its programs in law, English, computer science, natural sciences, psychology and its faculty includes prominent scholars, scientists, and writers, including Russian dissident poet Yevgeny Yevtushenko, political scientist Robert Donaldson and others. The campuss design is predominantly Collegiate Gothic, the university manages the Gilcrease Museum, which includes one of the largest collections of American Western art in the world, and in 2016, The Bob Dylan Archive was placed at the university. TUs athletic teams are known as the Tulsa Golden Hurricane. The Presbyterian School for Girls was founded in Muskogee, Indian Territory, in 1894, the young school expanded to become Henry Kendall College, named in honor of Reverend Henry Kendall, secretary of the Presbyterian Board of Home Missions. The first president was William A. Caldwell, who served a brief, Kendall College, while still in Muskogee, granted the first post-secondary degree in Oklahoma in June 1898. Under King, the college was moved from its location in downtown Muskogee to a larger campus on lands donated by Creek Nation Chief Pleasant Porter. The opening of the new campus coincided with the start of the tenure of the third president, over the next ten years, Evans oversaw the struggling schools growth. At the request of the administration, the Synod of Indian Territory assumed control as trustees, when the administration was approached by the comparatively smaller town of Tulsa and offered a chance to move, the decision was made to relocate. The Tulsa Commercial Club decided to bid for the college, Club members who packaged a bid in 1907 to move the college to Tulsa included, B. Betters, H. O. McClure, L. N. Butts, W. L. North, James H. Hall, stebbins, Rev. Charles W. Kerr, C. H. Nicholson. The offer included $100,000,20 acres of real estate, the school opened to thirty-five students in September 1907, two months before Oklahoma became a state. These first students attended classes at the First Presbyterian Church until permanent buildings could be erected on the new campus and this became the start of higher education in Tulsa. Kendall Hall, the first building of the new school, was completed in 1908 and was followed by two other buildings. All three buildings have since demolished, with Kendall the last to be razed in 1972. The bell that hung in the Kendall Building tower was saved and displayed in Bayless Plaza. In 1918, the Methodist Church proposed building a college in Tulsa, the proposed college was to be named McFarlin College
29.
Siena College
–
Siena College is an independent Roman Catholic liberal arts college in Loudonville, Albany County, New York, United States. Siena is a four-year, coeducational, independent college in the Franciscan tradition, founded by the Order of Friars Minor and it has 3,000 full-time students and offers undergraduate degrees in business, liberal arts, and sciences. The college was named after Saint Bernardino of Siena, a 15th-century Italian Franciscan friar, St. Bernardine of Siena Friary is located on campus. The current president of the college is Br. F. Edward Coughlin, O. F. M, as the 1930s were winding to a close, Fr. Thomas Plassmann, OFM, President of St. Bonaventure College in Western New York, the campus includes, Siena Hall The main college building, housing classrooms and administrator and faculty offices. The cupola at the top is used as the symbol of the college, appearing on the logo and most printed. J. Roger Bacon Hall Houses the School of Science offices and classrooms as well as the Computer Science, Psychology, Mathematics, morrell Science Center Attached to Roger Bacon Hall and built in 2001, it houses the chemistry, biochemistry and biology departments. Kiernan Hall Classrooms and faculty offices, notable for the design, the first floor consist of two sections separated by an outdoor walkway, with the second floor bridging the two sections. Foy Hall Home to the arts department, campus theatre. Marcelle Athletic Complex Athletic offices and facilities, when the first townhouses were proposed the Newtonville Homeowners Association unsuccessfully sued to block construction. Subsequent construction has not been controversial thanks to the board including the Newtonville Homeowners Association in the decision making process. A Friary provides housing for the Franciscan friars that are involved with the campus, students are involved in a number of wide, specific, academic related, recreational, leadership building, and diverse organizations and clubs or campus. There are currently 85 organizations on campus, each with their own campus, local, each organization has Executive Board positions which allows students to lead, develop, and set a plan of direction for their impact. The Siena College Student Senate serves as a liaison between faculty, administration, and students and it works to present and to interpret students’ attitudes, opinions, and rights to the teaching faculty and administration. The Senate is charged with the oversight of clubs and the distribution of the student activities fees, while Senate does not directly control college academic or social policies, it continues to work with a group of cooperative administrators to shape them in ways that will benefit the community. Both the Senate and the keep what is best for the students as their top priority. The Student Senate has an Executive Board including President, Vice President, Secretary, the rest of the Senate is Representatives, Hall and Town House Representatives, and Commuter Representatives. Student Senate is the body for all clubs and organizations on campus
30.
John Calipari
–
John Vincent Calipari is an American college basketball coach. Since 2009, he has been the coach at the University of Kentucky. Calipari was previously the coach at the University of Memphis. He was also the coach of the National Basketball Associations New Jersey Nets. Calipari has been to four Final Fours with Kentucky, Calipari is the only head coach to have Final Four appearances vacated at more than one school. As a college coach, Calipari has 21 20-win seasons, eight 30-win seasons and he has been named Naismith College Coach of the Year three times and led Kentucky to its eighth NCAA Championship in 2012. Calipari was born in Moon Township, Pennsylvania, a suburb of Pittsburgh, Calipari lettered two years at UNC Wilmington before transferring to Clarion University of Pennsylvania, from which he graduated with a bachelors degree in marketing. He played point guard at Clarion during the 1981 and 1982 seasons, leading the team in assists, from 1982 to 1985, Calipari was an assistant at the University of Kansas under Ted Owens and Larry Brown. Calipari had several jobs as the lowest coach in the order when Ted Owens hired him as a volunteer assistant for the Jayhawks 1982–83 season. I was blessed to have the chance, can you imagine being 22,23 and your first opportunity to be around the game is at a program like Kansas. From 1985 to 1988, he was an assistant coach at the University of Pittsburgh under Paul Evans, from 1988 to 1996, he was head coach at the University of Massachusetts. From 1996 to 1999, he was coach and Executive VP of basketball operations for the NBAs New Jersey Nets. During the 1999–2000 season, he was an assistant coach for the Philadelphia 76ers under coach Larry Brown and he was inducted into the National Italian American Sports Hall of Fame in 2004. Calipari is famous for popularizing the dribble drive motion offense, developed by Vance Walberg, in his 22 official seasons as a collegiate head coach, Caliparis record is 593–174. His record in the month of March is 107–37 and his NCAA adjusted official record in the NCAA tournament is 38–12, and in the NIT is 15–6. As a college coach, Calipari has 21 20-win seasons and 9 30-win seasons and he has also coached 6 teams to the NIT, winning the NIT Championship at Memphis in 2002. He is one of four coaches in NCAA Division I history to direct three different schools to a #1 seed in the NCAA Tournament. From 1988 to 1996 at UMass, Calipari led the Minutemen program to five consecutive Atlantic 10 titles and NCAA Tournament appearances and he finished with a 193–71 record overall, with a 91–41 record in Atlantic 10 conference games
(2).jpg)
