1.
Order of the British Empire
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There is also the related British Empire Medal, whose recipients are affiliated with, but not members of, the order. Recommendations for appointments to the Order of the British Empire were at first made on the nomination of the United Kingdom, the self-governing Dominions of the Empire, nominations continue today from Commonwealth countries that participate in recommending British honours. Most members are citizens of the United Kingdom or the Commonwealth realms that use the Imperial system of honours and awards. Honorary knighthoods are appointed to citizens of nations where the Queen is not head of state, occasionally, honorary appointees are, incorrectly, referred to as Sir or Dame – Bill Gates or Bob Geldof, for example. In particular, King George V wished to create an Order to honour many thousands of those who had served in a variety of non-combatant roles during the First World War, when first established, the Order had only one division. However, in 1918, soon after its foundation, it was divided into Military. The Orders motto is For God and the Empire, at the foundation of the Order, the Medal of the Order of the British Empire was instituted, to serve as a lower award granting recipients affiliation but not membership. In 1922, this was renamed the British Empire Medal, in addition, the BEM is awarded by the Cook Islands and by some other Commonwealth nations. The British monarch is Sovereign of the Order, and appoints all members of the Order. The next most senior member is the Grand Master, of whom there have been three, Prince Edward, the Prince of Wales, Queen Mary, and the current Grand Master, the Duke of Edinburgh. The Order is limited to 300 Knights and Dames Grand Cross,845 Knights and Dames Commander, and 8,960 Commanders. There are no limits applied to the number of members of the fourth and fifth classes. Foreign recipients, as members, do not contribute to the numbers restricted to the Order as full members do. Though men can be knighted separately from an order of chivalry, women cannot, and so the rank of Knight/Dame Commander of the Order is the lowest rank of damehood, and second-lowest of knighthood. Because of this, Dame Commander is awarded in circumstances in which a man would be created a Knight Bachelor, for example, by convention, female judges of the High Court of Justice are created Dames Commander after appointment, while male judges become Knights Bachelor. The Order has six officials, the Prelate, the Dean, the Secretary, the Registrar, the King of Arms, the Bishop of London, a senior bishop in the Church of England, serves as the Orders Prelate. The Dean of St Pauls is ex officio the Dean of the Order, the Orders King of Arms is not a member of the College of Arms, as are many other heraldic officers. From time to time, individuals are appointed to a higher grade within the Order, thereby ceasing usage of the junior post-nominal letters
Order of the British Empire
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Most Excellent Order of the British Empire
Order of the British Empire
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MBE as awarded in 1918
Order of the British Empire
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Close up of an MBE from 1945 showing the "For God and the Empire"
Order of the British Empire
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Lieutenant General Sir
Robert Fulton, KBE
2.
Belle (2013 film)
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Belle is a 2013 British period drama film directed by Amma Asante, written by Misan Sagay and produced by Damian Jones. It stars Gugu Mbatha-Raw, Tom Wilkinson, Miranda Richardson, Penelope Wilton, Sam Reid, Matthew Goode, Emily Watson, Sarah Gadon, Tom Felton and James Norton. Very little is known about the life of Dido Belle, who was born in the West Indies and was the illegitimate daughter of Mansfields nephew. She is found living in poverty by her father and entrusted to the care of Mansfield, Lord Mansfield rules on this case in Englands Court of Kings Bench in 1786, in a decision seen to contribute to the Abolition of the Slave Trade Act of 1807. Dido Elizabeth Belle Lindsay was born in 1761, the daughter of Maria Belle, an enslaved African woman in the West Indies, and Captain Sir John Lindsay. Lord and Lady Mansfield raise Dido as a gentlewoman, together with their niece Lady Elizabeth Murray. Didos father dies and leaves her the generous sum of £2,000 a year, Lady Elizabeth, by contrast, will have no income from her father, whose son from his new wife has been named his sole heir. Lord Mansfield agrees to take a son, John Davinier. Dido helps her uncle with his correspondence and after John tells her about the Zong case, Lord Mansfield and John have a disagreement on the main issue of the case. John is told not to see Dido again, and his apprenticeship is at an end, at first James is interested in Elizabeth but stops courting her once he finds out she will have no inheritance. Oliver, who is without fortune, proposes to Dido and she accepts, James takes Dido apart, tells her she will disgrace his familys name, then insults and manhandles her. Dido would later tell Elizabeth of his character and says she will give part of her inheritance to her for a dowry so she can find a different match. Lord Mansfield finds out about Didos visits to John and confronts both of them, during the confrontation, John professes his love for Dido. Sometime later, Dido meets with Oliver and breaks off their engagement, Dido is relieved when the painting is unveiled, showing her as Elizabeths equal. She tells Lord Mansfield that the portrait commission proves that he can defy convention, the ships officers claimed they ordered this action because they were out of potable water. Lord Mansfield discovers, however, that the Zong passed by many ports without stopping for more water, Lord Mansfield sees John and Dido outside the Court after his ruling and says that Dido can only marry a gentleman. Therefore, he agrees to resume Johns apprenticeship in law, so that he can become a lawyer, Dido and John share a kiss, both in full acknowledgement of their romantic feelings. Gugu Mbatha-Raw as Dido Elizabeth Belle, the protagonist and she is a strong-willed and well-educated young woman, born from Captain Sir John Lindsays affair with a slave woman
Belle (2013 film)
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Theatrical release poster
Belle (2013 film)
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1779 painting of
Dido Elizabeth Belle (1761–1804) and her cousin
Lady Elizabeth Murray (1760–1825).
3.
Toronto International Film Festival
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The Toronto International Film Festival is one of the largest publicly attended film festivals in the world, attracting over 480,000 people annually. Year-round, TIFF Bell Lightbox offers screenings, lectures, discussions, festivals, workshops, industry support, TIFF Bell Lightbox is located on the north west corner of King Street and John Street in downtown Toronto. In 2015,397 films from 71 countries were screened at 28 screens in downtown Toronto venues, welcoming an estimated 480,000 attendees, TIFF starts the Thursday night after Labour Day and lasts for eleven days. Founded in 1976, TIFF is now one of the most prestigious events of its kind in the world, in 1998, Variety magazine acknowledged that TIFF is second only to Cannes in terms of high-profile pics, stars and market activity. In 2007, TIME noted that TIFF had grown from its place as the most influential film festival to the most influential film festival. This is partially the result of TIFFs ability and reputation for generating Oscar buzz, the Toronto International Festival’s Grolsch People’s Choice Award — which is based on popular vote by Festival filmgoers — has emerged as a beacon of awards-season success. Founded by Bill Marshall, Dusty Cohl and Henk Van der Kolk and that first year,35,000 filmgoers watched 127 films from 30 countries presented in ten programmes. Piers Handling has been the director and CEO since 1994. TIFF was once centred on the Yorkville neighbourhood, but the Toronto Entertainment District later gained a level of prominence. TIFF is known for the celebrity buzz it brings to the area with international media setting up near its restaurants and stores for photos and interviews with the stars. In 2010, TIFF opened its permanent headquarters, TIFF Bell Lightbox, TIFF has grown, steadily adding initiatives throughout the years. TIFF Cinematheque and the Film Reference Library opened in 1990, the TIFF Kids International Film Festival launched in 1998. Film Circuit began exhibiting independent and Canadian films in under-serviced cities across Canada in 1994, the festival was founded in 1976 at the Windsor Arms Hotel by Bill Marshall, Henk Van der Kolk and Dusty Cohl. Beginning as a collection of the films from film festivals around the world. Ironically, however, Hollywood studios withdrew their submissions from TIFF due to concerns that Toronto audiences would be too parochial for their products, in 1994, the decision was made to replace the name Festival of Festivals with Toronto International Film Festival. From 1994 to 2009, the organization running TIFF was named Toronto International Film Festival Group. In 2009, the umbrella organization TIFFG was renamed to TIFF, in 2001, Perspective Canada, the programme that had focused on Canadian films since 1984, was replaced by two programmes, Canada First. A forum for Canadian filmmakers presenting their first feature-length work, featuring eight to 15 films, and Short Cuts Canada, in 2004, TIFF was featured as the site of murder mystery in the film Jiminy Glick in Lalawood, a comedy film starring Martin Short
Toronto International Film Festival
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The festival is headquartered at TIFF Bell Lightbox, which opened in 2010.
Toronto International Film Festival
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Toronto International Film Festival (TIFF)
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF box office at the
Manulife Centre in 2006
Toronto International Film Festival
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TIFF Bell Lightbox
4.
Wharfedale
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Wharfedale is one of the Yorkshire Dales in England. It is the valley of the River Wharfe. Beyond Wetherby, the valley opens out and becomes part of the Vale of York, the section from the rivers source to around Addingham is known as Upper Wharfedale and lies in North Yorkshire and in the Yorkshire Dales National Park. The first 15 miles or so is known as Langstrothdale, including the settlements of Beckermonds, Yockenthwaite and Hubberholme, famous for its church, the resting place of the writer J. B. As it turns southwards, the Wharfe then runs through a green and lush valley, characterised by limestone outcrops, such as Kilnsey Crag, below Addingham, the dale broadens and turns to the east. This section is shared between North Yorkshire and West Yorkshire and includes the towns of Ilkley, Otley and Wetherby, the northern side of Lower Wharfedale, opposite Ilkley, Burley-in-Wharfedale and Otley, is in the Nidderdale Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. The Yorkshire Dales Rivers Trust has a remit to conserve the ecological condition of Wharfedale, Wensleydale, Swaledale and Nidderdale catchments from their headwaters to the Humber estuary
Wharfedale
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The broad sunlit uplands of Lower Wharfedale above
Otley
5.
West Riding of Yorkshire
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The West Riding of Yorkshire is one of the three historic subdivisions of Yorkshire, England. From 1889 to 1974 the administrative county, County of York, the lieutenancy at that time included the City of York and as such was named West Riding of the County of York and the County of the City of York. The West Riding encompasses 1,771,562 acres from Sheffield in the south to Sedbergh in the north and from Dunsop Bridge in the west to Adlingfleet in the east. Unlike most English counties that were divided into hundreds, Yorkshire, being so large, was divided first into thrithjungar, each riding was then divided into wapentakes, a division comparable to the hundreds of Southern England and the wards of Englands four northern-most historic counties. The wapentakes of the West Riding were Agbrigg and Morley, Barkston Ash, Ewcross, Claro, Osgoldcross, Skyrack, Staincliffe, Staincross, Strafforth, major centres elsewhere in the riding included Harrogate and Ripon. Outside the industrial region were Goole, Ilkley, Knaresborough and Selby, the West Riding also contained a large rural area to the north including part of the Yorkshire Dales National Park. Initially there were five in number, Bradford, Leeds, Huddersfield, Halifax, the City of York was included in the county for census and lieutenancy purposes. The number of county boroughs increased over the years, Rotherham gained this status in 1902, Barnsley and Dewsbury in 1913, Wakefield in 1915, the boundaries of existing county boroughs were also widened. Beginning in 1898, the West Riding County Council was based at the County Hall in Wakefield, the Local Government Act 1888 included the entirety of Todmorden with the West Riding administrative county, and also in its lieutenancy area. Other boundary changes in the county included the expansion of the county borough of Sheffield southward in areas historically in Derbyshire such as Dore, fingerposts erected in the West Riding until the mid-1960s had a distinctive style. At the top of the post was a roundel in the form of a circle with a horizontal line across the middle, displaying Yorks W. R. the name of the fingerposts location. Other counties, apart from Dorset, did not display a grid reference, from 1964, many fingerposts were replaced by ones in the modern style, but some of the old style still survive within the West Riding boundaries. By 19711,924,853 people lived in the administrative county, within the West Riding of Yorkshire there were ten wapentakes in total, four of which were split into two divisions, those were— Claro, Skyrack, Strafforth and Tickhill and Staincliffe. The wapentake of Agbrigg and Morley was created two divisions but was later split into two separate wapentakes
West Riding of Yorkshire
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A typical West Riding fingerpost with grid reference
West Riding of Yorkshire
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Flag of West Riding (2013)
West Riding of Yorkshire
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A variation of the West Riding's coat of arms seen in
Wetherby, now in West Yorkshire.
6.
University of Kent
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The University of Kent is a public research university based in Kent, United Kingdom. It was founded in 1965 and is recognised as a Beloffs plate glass university and it is a member of the Santander Network of European universities encouraging social and economic development, Association of Commonwealth Universities and Universities UK. As a result of its ties with and geographic proximity to the continent the university brands itself as The UKs European University. In 2014 the university was ranked 80th in the world by the Times Higher Education World University Rankings in Top 100 Universities Under 50 Years. Additionally, Times Higher Education also ranked the university 20th in the United Kingdom in 2015 though aggregating multiple ranking results into a table of ranking tables. It is among a group of institutions to consistently score 90% or above for overall satisfaction in the National Student Survey, in 2013, nearly 28,000 students applied to the university through UCAS and 5,190 accepted offers of places. The average UCAS score achieved by entrants in 2014/15 was 363, however, the plans came to nothing. A decade later both population growth and greater demand for university places led to new considerations, in 1959 the Education Committee of Kent County Council explored the creation of a new university, formally accepting the proposal unanimously on 24 February 1960. Two months later the Education Committee agreed to seek a site at or near Canterbury, given the associations of the city. By 1962 a site was found at Beverley Farm, straddling the boundary between the City of Canterbury and the administrative county of Kent. At the time it was the practice for universities to be named after the town or city whose boundaries they were in. The abbreviation UKC became a popular abbreviation for the university, the University of Kent at Canterbury was granted its Royal Charter on 4 January 1965 and the first students arrived in the October of that year. On 30 March 1966 Princess Marina, Duchess of Kent was formally installed as the first Chancellor, the University was envisaged as being a collegiate establishment, with most students living in one of the colleges on campus, and as specialising in inter-disciplinary studies in all fields. Over the years, changes in government policy and othe changing demands have largely destroyed this original concept, leading to the present state, however, the four original colleges – Darwin, Eliot, Keynes and Rutherford – remain, each with their own Master. Woolf college opened in 2008 and Turing college in 2014, the university grew at a rapid rate throughout the 1960s, with three colleges and many other buildings on campus being completed by the end of the decade. The 1970s saw further construction, but the university also encountered the biggest physical problem in its history, the university had been built above a tunnel on the disused Canterbury and Whitstable Railway. In July 1974 the tunnel collapsed, damaging part of the Cornwallis Building, Building elsewhere included the Park Wood accommodation village and the Darwin houses in 1989. In 1982 the university opened the University Centre at Tonbridge for its School of Continuing education and this led to the development of the University of Kent at Medway, opened from 2001
University of Kent
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The School of Arts Building at Kent's Canterbury campus; it is one of several buildings constructed by the university in recent years
University of Kent
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Coat of arms of the University of Kent
University of Kent
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The shops at the Canterbury campus, with the Kent Union offices housed in the offices above.
University of Kent
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View from Pier Road
7.
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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The Royal Academy of Dramatic Art is a drama school in London, England. It is one of the oldest drama schools in the United Kingdom, RADA is an affiliate school of the Conservatoire for Dance and Drama. Its higher education awards are validated by Kings College London and its students graduate alongside members of the departments which form the Kings Faculty of Arts & Humanities and it is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London, close to the Senate House complex of the University of London. Undergraduate students are eligible for government student loan through the Conservatoire for Dance, RADA also has a significant scholarships and bursaries scheme, offering financial assistance to many students at the Academy. The current director of the academy is Edward Kemp, the president is Sir Kenneth Branagh, the chairman is Sir Stephen Waley-Cohen and its vice-chairman was Alan Rickman until his death in 2016. RADA was founded in 1904 by Sir Herbert Beerbohm Tree, an actor manager, in 1905, RADA moved to 52 Gower Street, and a managing council was set up to oversee the school. Its members included George Bernard Shaw, who donated his royalties from his play Pygmalion to RADA. In 1920, RADA was granted a Royal Charter, and in 1921, the Prince of Wales opened the theatre. The Gower Street buildings were torn down in 1927, and replaced with a new building, financed by George Bernard Shaw, in 1923, John Gielgud studied at RADA for a year. He later became President of the academy, and its first honorary fellow, a number of famous actors took on leading roles at RADA, such as Richard Attenborough, Oliver Neville, Nicholas Barter, and Alan Rickman. Other 1924 saw RADAs first government subsidy, a grant of £500, in 2001, RADA joined forces with the London Contemporary dance School to create the UKs first Conservatoire for Dance and Drama. The Rambert School of Ballet and Contemporary Dance joined this Conservatoire in 2005, in 2000 the Academy founded RADA Enterprises Ltd, which includes RADA in Business, providing training in communications and teambuilding that uses drama training techniques in a business context. The profits are fed back into the Academy to fund students training, RADA is based in the Bloomsbury area of Central London. The main RADA building is on Gower Street, with a second premises nearby in Chenies Street, the Goodge Street and Euston Square underground stations are both within walking distance. RADA has five theatres and a cinema, there is also a 150-seat cinema. In January 2012, RADA acquired the lease to the adjacent Drill Hall venue in Chenies Street, the Drill Hall is a Grade II listed building with a long performing arts history, and was where Nijinsky rehearsed with Diaghilev’s Ballet Russes in 1911. This venue has a 200-seat space, the Studio Theatre, and a 50-seat space, the RADA library contains around 30,000 items. The collection was started in 1904 with donations from actors and writers of the such as Sir Squire Bancroft, William Archer, Arthur Wing Pinero
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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The main entrance to RADA on Gower Street
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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George Bernard Shaw, who donated the royalties from his play
Pygmalion to RADA in 1912.
Royal Academy of Dramatic Art
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The RADA building at 18 Chenies Street
8.
Academy Awards
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The various category winners are awarded a copy of a golden statuette, officially called the Academy Award of Merit, which has become commonly known by its nickname Oscar. The awards, first presented in 1929 at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel, are overseen by AMPAS, the awards ceremony was first broadcast on radio in 1930 and televised for the first time in 1953. It is now live in more than 200 countries and can be streamed live online. The Academy Awards ceremony is the oldest worldwide entertainment awards ceremony and its equivalents – the Emmy Awards for television, the Tony Awards for theater, and the Grammy Awards for music and recording – are modeled after the Academy Awards. The 89th Academy Awards ceremony, honoring the best films of 2016, were held on February 26,2017, at the Dolby Theatre, in Los Angeles, the ceremony was hosted by Jimmy Kimmel and was broadcast on ABC. A total of 3,048 Oscars have been awarded from the inception of the award through the 88th, the first Academy Awards presentation was held on May 16,1929, at a private dinner function at the Hollywood Roosevelt Hotel with an audience of about 270 people. The post-awards party was held at the Mayfair Hotel, the cost of guest tickets for that nights ceremony was $5. Fifteen statuettes were awarded, honoring artists, directors and other participants in the industry of the time. The ceremony ran for 15 minutes, winners were announced to media three months earlier, however, that was changed for the second ceremony in 1930. Since then, for the rest of the first decade, the results were given to newspapers for publication at 11,00 pm on the night of the awards. The first Best Actor awarded was Emil Jannings, for his performances in The Last Command and he had to return to Europe before the ceremony, so the Academy agreed to give him the prize earlier, this made him the first Academy Award winner in history. With the fourth ceremony, however, the system changed, for the first six ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned two calendar years. At the 29th ceremony, held on March 27,1957, until then, foreign-language films had been honored with the Special Achievement Award. The 74th Academy Awards, held in 2002, presented the first Academy Award for Best Animated Feature, since 1973, all Academy Awards ceremonies always end with the Academy Award for Best Picture. The Academy also awards Nicholl Fellowships in Screenwriting, see also § Awards of Merit categories The best known award is the Academy Award of Merit, more popularly known as the Oscar statuette. The five spokes represent the branches of the Academy, Actors, Writers, Directors, Producers. The model for the statuette is said to be Mexican actor Emilio El Indio Fernández, sculptor George Stanley sculpted Cedric Gibbons design. The statuettes presented at the ceremonies were gold-plated solid bronze
Academy Awards
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Academy Awards
Academy Awards
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31st Academy Awards Presentations,
Pantages Theatre, Hollywood, 1959
Academy Awards
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81st Academy Awards Presentations,
Dolby Theatre, Hollywood, 2009
Academy Awards
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Pantages Theatre, 2008
9.
In the Bedroom
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The film stars Tom Wilkinson, Sissy Spacek, Nick Stahl, Marisa Tomei, and William Mapother. The title refers to the compartment of a lobster trap known as the bedroom. The film is set in the Mid-Coast town of Camden, Maine, Matt and Ruth Fowler enjoy a happy marriage and a good relationship with their son Frank, a recent college graduate who has come home for the summer. Frank has fallen in love with a woman with children. Natalies ex-husband, Richard Strout, tries to find a way into his ex-wife and childrens lives, Ruth is openly concerned about Franks relationship with Natalie, while Matt thinks it is only a fling. Midway through the film, Richard kills Frank during a confrontation at Natalies house following a domestic dispute, though equally devastated, Matt and Ruth grieve in different ways, with Matt putting on a brave face while Ruth becomes reclusive and quiet. Richard is set free on bail, paid by his well-to-do family, the tension between Matt & Ruth increases when they learn that the lack of an eyewitness to Franks shooting means Richard will instead be charged with accidental manslaughter. An argument erupts between the couple in each one confronts the other. With the air cleared, the couple is able to find common ground in their grief. Matt then abducts and kills Richard and he and a friend bury the body on the friends wooded property. Matt returns home to Ruth, who is awake and smoking in bed and she asks him, Did you do it. He climbs into bed and then away from her. Finally, Ruth gets up to make coffee, Matt rolls over onto his back and pulls a band-aid from a finger he injured hauling traps. Ruth calls from the kitchen, Matt, do you want coffee, the sites consensus states Expertly crafted and performed, In the Bedroom is a quietly wrenching portrayal of grief. He further mentioned that the effect of the film isnt over when you leave the theater and he also called In the Bedroom a masterpiece. Neil Norman of The Evening Standard stated that. Field has not only studied the masters of understatement, such as Ozu and Bergman. Fields achievement is such a perfectly consummated marriage of intent and execution that he need never make another movie, I would not be alone, I think, in hoping he will make many more. He further mentioned that like Kubrick, Field doesnt make any moral judgments about his characters and it can be read as a high-class revenge thriller, an ode to the futility of vengeance or almost anything in between
In the Bedroom
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Theatrical release poster
In the Bedroom
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Wilkinson and Spacek's performances were highly praised by film critics.
10.
Michael Clayton (film)
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Michael Clayton is a 2007 American legal thriller film written and directed by Tony Gilroy and starring George Clooney, Tom Wilkinson, Tilda Swinton and Sydney Pollack. Michael Clayton is a fixer for a prestigious New York City law firm, using his connections, although he is paid well enough, he is divorced, is addicted to gambling, and his personal life is in a shambles. After leaving a clandestine poker game and dealing with a wealthy clients hit and run case, Michael drives despondently and stops at a remote field. As he climbs the hill to look at them, his car explodes, the narrative moves back to four days earlier. Michael is $75,000 in debt from a restaurant investment he entered with his brother Timmy, which collapsed when Timmy used the restaurants funds to fuel his drug habits. Michael, having gone to a shark to raise the money, refuses to give up on his brother and is held responsible for the debt. Michael arrives in Milwaukee and bails Arthur out of jail, after finding out hes no longer taking his medication, Karen brings this to the attention of U-Norths CEO Don Jeffries, who puts her in contact with two hit men secretly on retainer. She contracts them to follow Arthur and bug his apartment and phone, when they report that Arthur is building a case to expose his own client, Karen approves of their taking drastic measures. The men murder Arthur in such a way as to make it look like a drug overdose or suicide. She tells him no one knew of her conversations with Arthur, not even her attorney. There is also a copy of Realm and Conquest, a novel which Michaels son Henry had recommended to Arthur. He finds a receipt from a copy store being used as a bookmark, Michael is caught in the apartment and arrested for trespassing, but Gene bails him out. Using the receipt, Michael discovers that Arthur had ordered 3000 copies of the confidential U-North document, Michael takes one copy with him, the two hit men inform Karen. Michael is about to show his boss Marty Bach what he has discovered, an additional confidentiality agreement allows Michael to realize that his boss already knows about U-Norths cover-up. One of the hit men rigs Michaels car with a bomb, while at a poker game, Michael receives a phone call summoning him to meet the hit-and-run client in a remote part of Westchester County, as seen at the start of the movie. He is being followed by the two men, who have trouble trailing him, but eventually get close enough to detonate the radio-controlled bomb. However, Michael had left the car to admire the horses in the field, after the hit men drive off, Michael approaches the fire, throws his personal effects into the burning car, and escapes into the woods. Later, at a U-North board meeting at a Manhattan hotel and she leaves the room to let the board of directors deliberate
Michael Clayton (film)
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Promotional film poster
11.
Golden Globe
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Golden Globe Awards are accolades bestowed by the 93 members of the Hollywood Foreign Press Association, recognizing excellence in film and television, both domestic and foreign. The annual ceremony at which the awards are presented is a part of the film industrys awards season. The 74th Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best in film, the 1st Golden Globe Awards, honoring the best achievements in 1943 filmmaking, was held in January 1944, at the 20th Century-Fox studios. Subsequent ceremonies were held at venues throughout the next decade, including the Beverly Hills Hotel. In 1950, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association made the decision to establish an honorary award to recognize outstanding contributions to the entertainment industry. Recognizing its subject as a figure within the entertainment industry. The official name of the award became the Cecil B. In 1963, the Miss Golden Globe concept was introduced, in its inaugural year, two Miss Golden Globes were named, one for film and one for television. The two Miss Golden Globes named that year were Eva Six and Donna Douglas, respectively, in 2009, the Golden Globe statuette was redesigned. It was unveiled at a conference at the Beverly Hilton prior to the show. The broadcast of the Golden Globe Awards, telecast to 167 countries worldwide, generally ranks as the third most-watched awards show each year, behind only the Oscars, gervais returned to host the 68th and 69th Golden Globe Awards the next two years. Tina Fey and Amy Poehler hosted the 70th, 71st and 72nd Golden Globe Awards in 2015, the Golden Globe Awards theme song, which debuted in 2012, was written by Japanese musician and songwriter Yoshiki Hayashi. On January 7,2008, it was announced due to the 2007–2008 Writers Guild of America strike. The ceremony was faced with a threat by striking writers to picket the event, the Hollywood Foreign Press Association was forced to adopt another approach for the broadcast. In acting categories, Meryl Streep holds the record for the most competitive Golden Globe wins with eight, however, including honorary awards, such as the Henrietta Award, World Film Favorite Actor/Actress Award, or Cecil B. DeMille Award, Barbra Streisand leads with nine, additionally, Streisand won for composing the song Evergreen, producing the Best Picture, and directing Yentl in 1984. Jack Nicholson, Angela Lansbury, Alan Alda and Shirley MacLaine have six awards each, behind them are Rosalind Russell and Jessica Lange with five wins. Meryl Streep also holds the record for most nominations with thirty, at the 46th Golden Globe Awards an anomaly occurred, a three way-tie for Best Actress in a Motion Picture – Drama
Golden Globe
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The Golden Globe statuette
12.
Benjamin Franklin
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Benjamin Franklin was one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Franklin was a polymath and a leading author, printer, political theorist, politician, freemason, postmaster, scientist, inventor, civic activist, statesman. As a scientist, he was a figure in the American Enlightenment. As an inventor, he is known for the rod, bifocals. He facilitated many civic organizations, including Philadelphias fire department and the University of Pennsylvania, Franklin earned the title of The First American for his early and indefatigable campaigning for colonial unity, initially as an author and spokesman in London for several colonies. As the first United States Ambassador to France, he exemplified the emerging American nation, in the words of historian Henry Steele Commager, In a Franklin could be merged the virtues of Puritanism without its defects, the illumination of the Enlightenment without its heat. To Walter Isaacson, this makes Franklin the most accomplished American of his age, Franklin became a successful newspaper editor and printer in Philadelphia, the leading city in the colonies, publishing the Pennsylvania Gazette at the age of 23. He became wealthy publishing this and Poor Richards Almanack, which he authored under the pseudonym Richard Saunders, after 1767, he was associated with the Pennsylvania Chronicle, a newspaper that was known for its revolutionary sentiments and criticisms of the British policies. He pioneered and was first president of The Academy and College of Philadelphia which opened in 1751 and he organized and was the first secretary of the American Philosophical Society and was elected president in 1769. Franklin became a hero in America as an agent for several colonies when he spearheaded an effort in London to have the Parliament of Great Britain repeal the unpopular Stamp Act. An accomplished diplomat, he was widely admired among the French as American minister to Paris and was a figure in the development of positive Franco-American relations. His efforts proved vital for the American Revolution in securing shipments of crucial munitions from France, during the Revolution, he became the first US Postmaster General. He was active in community affairs and colonial and state politics, from 1785 to 1788, he served as governor of Pennsylvania. He initially owned and dealt in slaves but, by the 1750s, he argued against slavery from an economic perspective, Franklins father, Josiah Franklin, was a tallow chandler, a soap-maker and a candle-maker. Josiah was born at Ecton, Northamptonshire, England on December 23,1657, the son of Thomas Franklin, a blacksmith-farmer, and Jane White. His mother, Abiah Folger, was born in Nantucket, Massachusetts, on August 15,1667, to Peter Folger, a miller and schoolteacher, and his wife, Mary Morrill, Josiah Franklin had seventeen children with his two wives. He married his first wife, Anne Child, in about 1677 in Ecton and emigrated with her to Boston in 1683, after her death, Josiah was married to Abiah Folger on July 9,1689 in the Old South Meeting House by Samuel Willard. Benjamin, their child, was Josiah Franklins fifteenth child and tenth
Benjamin Franklin
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Benjamin Franklin
Benjamin Franklin
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Franklin's birthplace on
Milk Street, Boston, Massachusetts
Benjamin Franklin
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Benjamin Franklin (center) at work on a
printing press. Reproduction of a Charles Mills painting by the
Detroit Publishing Company.
Benjamin Franklin
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Deborah Read Franklin (c. 1759). Common-law wife of Benjamin Franklin
13.
John Adams (miniseries)
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John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U. S. President John Adamss political life and his role in the founding of the United States. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper, kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book John Adams by David McCullough. The biopic of John Adams and the story of the first fifty years of the United States was broadcast in seven parts by HBO between March 16 and April 20,2008, John Adams received widespread critical acclaim, and many prestigious awards. The show won four Golden Globe awards and thirteen Emmy awards, Episode 1 opens in Boston 1770 on the cold winter night of the Boston Massacre. It portrays John Adams arriving at the following the gunshots from British soldiers firing upon a mob of Boston citizens. Adams, a lawyer in his mid-30s known for his dedication to the law. Their commander, Captain Thomas Preston asks him to them in court. Reluctant at first, he agrees despite knowing this will antagonize his neighbors, Adams is depicted to have taken the case because he believed everyone deserves a fair trial and he wanted to uphold the standard of justice. Adams cousin Samuel Adams is one of the main colonists opposed to the actions of the British government and he is one of the executive members of the Sons of Liberty, an anti-British group of agitators. Adams is depicted as a man doing his best to defend his clients. The show also illustrates Adams appreciation and respect for his wife, in one scene, Adams is shown having his wife proofread his summation as he takes her suggestions. After many sessions of court, the jury verdicts of not guilty of murder for each defendant. The episode also illustrates the growing tensions over the Coercive Acts, at the Continental Congresses Adams is depicted as the lead advocate for independence. He is in the vanguard in establishing that there is no option than to break off. He is also instrumental in the selection of then-Colonel George Washington as the new head of the Continental Army, later, Benjamin Franklin quietly chastens Adams, saying it is perfectly acceptable to insult a man in private. He may even thank you for it afterwards, but when you do it in public, they tend to think you are serious. This points out Adams primary flaw, his bluntness and lack of gentility toward his opponents, one that would make him many enemies. It would also, eventually, contribute to historians disregard for his many achievements, the episode also shows how Abigail copes with issues at home as her husband was away much of the time participating in the Continental Congress
John Adams (miniseries)
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Television promotional poster
14.
Farmer
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A farmer is a person engaged in agriculture, raising living organisms for food or raw materials. The term usually applies to people who do some combination of raising crops, orchards, vineyards, poultry. However, in the not so distant past a farmer was a person who promotes or improves the growth of by labor and attention, farming has been dated back as far as the Neolithic era. By the Bronze Age, the Sumerians had an agriculture specialized labour force by 5000–4000 BCE and they relied on three-person teams when harvesting in the spring. The Ancient Egypt farmers farmed and relied and irrigated their water from the Nile, animal husbandry, the practice of rearing animals specifically for farming purposes, has existed for thousands of years. Dogs were domesticated in East Asia about 15,000 years ago, goats and sheep were domesticated around 8000 BCE in Asia. Swine or pigs were domesticated by 7000 BCE in the Middle East, the earliest evidence of horse domestication dates to around 4000 BCE. In the U. S. of the 1930s, one farmer fed only himself, the same farmer now feeds well over a hundred people. More distinct terms are used to denote farmers who raise specific domesticated animals. For example, those who raise grazing livestock, such as cattle, sheep, goats, sheep, goat, and cattle farmers might also be referred to respectively as shepherds, goatherds, and cowherds. The term dairy farmer is applied to those primarily in milk production, whether from cattle, goats, sheep. A poultry farmer is one who concentrates on raising chickens, turkeys, ducks, or geese, for meat, egg, or feather production, or commonly. A person who raises a variety of vegetables for market may be called a truck farmer or market gardener, dirt farmer is an American colloquial term for a practical farmer, or one who farms his own land. In developed nations, a farmer is usually defined as someone with an ownership interest in crops or livestock, and those who provide only labor are most often called farmhands. Alternatively, growers who manage farmland for a landowner, sharing the harvest are known as sharecroppers or sharefarmers. Historically, one subsisting in this way may have known as a peasant. In developed nations, however, a person using such techniques on small patches of land might be called a gardener, Farmers are often members of local, regional, or national farmers unions or agricultural producers organizations and can exert significant political influence. The Grange movement in the United States was effective in advancing farmers agendas, especially against railroad, the FNSEA is very politically active in France, especially pertaining to genetically modified food
Farmer
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A farmer in Nicaragua
Farmer
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A
combine harvester on an English farm
Farmer
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An American
dairy farmer
Farmer
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A
Nepali farmer
15.
United Kingdom
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The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom or Britain, is a sovereign country in western Europe. Lying off the north-western coast of the European mainland, the United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, Northern Ireland is the only part of the United Kingdom that shares a land border with another sovereign state—the Republic of Ireland. The Irish Sea lies between Great Britain and Ireland, with an area of 242,500 square kilometres, the United Kingdom is the 78th-largest sovereign state in the world and the 11th-largest in Europe. It is also the 21st-most populous country, with an estimated 65.1 million inhabitants, together, this makes it the fourth-most densely populated country in the European Union. The United Kingdom is a monarchy with a parliamentary system of governance. The monarch is Queen Elizabeth II, who has reigned since 6 February 1952, other major urban areas in the United Kingdom include the regions of Birmingham, Leeds, Glasgow, Liverpool and Manchester. The United Kingdom consists of four countries—England, Scotland, Wales, the last three have devolved administrations, each with varying powers, based in their capitals, Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast, respectively. The relationships among the countries of the UK have changed over time, Wales was annexed by the Kingdom of England under the Laws in Wales Acts 1535 and 1542. A treaty between England and Scotland resulted in 1707 in a unified Kingdom of Great Britain, which merged in 1801 with the Kingdom of Ireland to form the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland. Five-sixths of Ireland seceded from the UK in 1922, leaving the present formulation of the United Kingdom of Great Britain, there are fourteen British Overseas Territories. These are the remnants of the British Empire which, at its height in the 1920s, British influence can be observed in the language, culture and legal systems of many of its former colonies. The United Kingdom is a country and has the worlds fifth-largest economy by nominal GDP. The UK is considered to have an economy and is categorised as very high in the Human Development Index. It was the worlds first industrialised country and the worlds foremost power during the 19th, the UK remains a great power with considerable economic, cultural, military, scientific and political influence internationally. It is a nuclear weapons state and its military expenditure ranks fourth or fifth in the world. The UK has been a permanent member of the United Nations Security Council since its first session in 1946 and it has been a leading member state of the EU and its predecessor, the European Economic Community, since 1973. However, on 23 June 2016, a referendum on the UKs membership of the EU resulted in a decision to leave. The Acts of Union 1800 united the Kingdom of Great Britain, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland have devolved self-government
United Kingdom
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Stonehenge, in
Wiltshire, was erected around 2500 BC.
United Kingdom
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Flag
United Kingdom
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The
Bayeux Tapestry depicts the
Battle of Hastings, 1066, and the events leading to it.
United Kingdom
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The
Treaty of Union led to a single united kingdom encompassing all Great Britain.
16.
Pub
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A pub, or public house, is an establishment licensed to sell alcoholic drinks, which traditionally include beer, ale and cider. It is a relaxed, social drinking establishment and a prominent part of British, Irish, New Zealand, Canadian, in many places, especially in villages, a pub is the focal point of the community. In his 17th century diary Samuel Pepys described the pub as the heart of England, Pubs can be traced back to Roman taverns, through the Anglo-Saxon alehouse to the development of the tied house system in the 19th century. In 1393, King Richard II of England introduced legislation that pubs had to display a sign outdoors to make them easily visible for passing ale tasters who would assess the quality of ale sold, most pubs focus on offering beers, ales and similar drinks. As well, pubs often sell wines, spirits, and soft drinks, meals, the owner, tenant or manager is known as the pub landlord or publican. The pub quiz was established in the UK in the 1970s and these alehouses quickly evolved into meeting houses for the folk to socially congregate, gossip and arrange mutual help within their communities. Herein lies the origin of the public house, or Pub as it is colloquially called in England. They rapidly spread across the Kingdom, becoming so commonplace that in 965 King Edgar decreed that there should be no more than one alehouse per village. A traveller in the early Middle Ages could obtain overnight accommodation in monasteries, the Hostellers of London were granted guild status in 1446 and in 1514 the guild became the Worshipful Company of Innholders. A survey in 1577 of drinking establishment in England and Wales for taxation purposes recorded 14,202 alehouses,1,631 inns, Inns are buildings where travellers can seek lodging and, usually, food and drink. They are typically located in the country or along a highway, in Europe, they possibly first sprang up when the Romans built a system of roads two millennia ago. Some inns in Europe are several centuries old, in addition to providing for the needs of travellers, inns traditionally acted as community gathering places. In Europe, it is the provision of accommodation, if anything, the latter tend to provide alcohol, but less commonly accommodation. Famous London inns include The George, Southwark and The Tabard, there is however no longer a formal distinction between an inn and other kinds of establishment. In North America, the aspect of the word inn lives on in hotel brand names like Holiday Inn. The Inns of Court and Inns of Chancery in London started as ordinary inns where barristers met to do business, traditional English ale was made solely from fermented malt. The practice of adding hops to produce beer was introduced from the Netherlands in the early 15th century, alehouses would each brew their own distinctive ale, but independent breweries began to appear in the late 17th century. By the end of the century almost all beer was brewed by commercial breweries, the 18th century saw a huge growth in the number of drinking establishments, primarily due to the introduction of gin
Pub
–
A
thatched country pub, The Williams Arms, near
Braunton,
North Devon, England
Pub
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A city pub,
The World's End,
Camden Town, London
Pub
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The Ale-House Door (painting of c. 1790 by
Henry Singleton)
Pub
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Ye Olde Fighting Cocks in
St Albans, Hertfordshire, which holds the
Guinness World Record for the oldest pub in England
17.
Cornwall
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Cornwall is a ceremonial county and unitary authority area of England within the United Kingdom. It is bordered to the north and west by the Celtic Sea, to the south by the English Channel, Cornwall has a population of 551,700 and covers an area of 3,563 km2. Cornwall forms the westernmost part of the south-west peninsula of the island of Great Britain, and this area was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods. It continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age peoples, there is little evidence that Roman rule was effective west of Exeter and few Roman remains have been found. In the mid-19th century, however, the tin and copper mines entered a period of decline, subsequently, china clay extraction became more important and metal mining had virtually ended by the 1990s. Traditionally, fishing and agriculture were the important sectors of the economy. Railways led to a growth of tourism in the 20th century, however, the area is noted for its wild moorland landscapes, its long and varied coastline, its attractive villages, its many place-names derived from the Cornish language, and its very mild climate. Extensive stretches of Cornwalls coastline, and Bodmin Moor, are protected as an Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, Cornwall is the homeland of the Cornish people and is recognised as one of the Celtic nations, retaining a distinct cultural identity that reflects its history. Some people question the present constitutional status of Cornwall, and a nationalist movement seeks greater autonomy within the United Kingdom in the form of a devolved legislative Cornish Assembly. On 24 April 2014 it was announced that Cornish people will be granted minority status under the European Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. The modern English name Cornwall derives from the concatenation of two ancient demonyms from different linguistic traditions, Corn- records the native Brythonic tribe, the Cornovii. The Celtic word kernou is cognate with the English word horn. -wall derives from the Old English exonym walh, the Ravenna Cosmography first mentions a city named Purocoronavis in the locality. This is thought to be a rendering of Duro-cornov-ium, meaning fort of the Cornovii. The exact location of Durocornovium is disputed, with Tintagel and Carn Brea suggested as possible sites, in later times, Cornwall was known to the Anglo-Saxons as West Wales to distinguish it from North Wales. The name appears in the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle in 891 as On Corn walum, in the Domesday Book it was referred to as Cornualia and in c.1198 as Cornwal. Other names for the county include a latinisation of the name as Cornubia, the present human history of Cornwall begins with the reoccupation of Britain after the last Ice Age. The area now known as Cornwall was first inhabited in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods and it continued to be occupied by Neolithic and then Bronze Age people. The Common Brittonic spoken at the time developed into several distinct tongues
Cornwall
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"Cornweallas" shown on an early 19th-century map of "Saxon England" (and Wales) based on the
Anglo-Saxon Chronicle.
Cornwall
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Flag
Cornwall
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Mên-an-Tol.
Cornwall
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St German's Priory Church (Norman)
18.
BBC
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The British Broadcasting Corporation is a British public service broadcaster headquartered at Broadcasting House in London, England. The total number of staff is 35,402 when part-time, flexible, the BBC is established under a Royal Charter and operates under its Agreement with the Secretary of State for Culture, Media and Sport. The fee is set by the British Government, agreed by Parliament, and used to fund the BBCs radio, TV, britains first live public broadcast from the Marconi factory in Chelmsford took place in June 1920. It was sponsored by the Daily Mails Lord Northcliffe and featured the famous Australian Soprano Dame Nellie Melba, the Melba broadcast caught the peoples imagination and marked a turning point in the British publics attitude to radio. However, this public enthusiasm was not shared in official circles where such broadcasts were held to interfere with important military and civil communications. By late 1920, pressure from these quarters and uneasiness among the staff of the licensing authority, the General Post Office, was sufficient to lead to a ban on further Chelmsford broadcasts. But by 1922, the GPO had received nearly 100 broadcast licence requests, John Reith, a Scottish Calvinist, was appointed its General Manager in December 1922 a few weeks after the company made its first official broadcast. The company was to be financed by a royalty on the sale of BBC wireless receiving sets from approved manufacturers, to this day, the BBC aims to follow the Reithian directive to inform, educate and entertain. The financial arrangements soon proved inadequate, set sales were disappointing as amateurs made their own receivers and listeners bought rival unlicensed sets. By mid-1923, discussions between the GPO and the BBC had become deadlocked and the Postmaster-General commissioned a review of broadcasting by the Sykes Committee and this was to be followed by a simple 10 shillings licence fee with no royalty once the wireless manufactures protection expired. The BBCs broadcasting monopoly was made explicit for the duration of its current broadcast licence, the BBC was also banned from presenting news bulletins before 19.00, and required to source all news from external wire services. Mid-1925 found the future of broadcasting under further consideration, this time by the Crawford committee, by now the BBC under Reiths leadership had forged a consensus favouring a continuation of the unified broadcasting service, but more money was still required to finance rapid expansion. Wireless manufacturers were anxious to exit the loss making consortium with Reith keen that the BBC be seen as a service rather than a commercial enterprise. The recommendations of the Crawford Committee were published in March the following year and were still under consideration by the GPO when the 1926 general strike broke out in May. The strike temporarily interrupted newspaper production and with restrictions on news bulletins waived the BBC suddenly became the source of news for the duration of the crisis. The crisis placed the BBC in a delicate position, the Government was divided on how to handle the BBC but ended up trusting Reith, whose opposition to the strike mirrored the PMs own. Thus the BBC was granted sufficient leeway to pursue the Governments objectives largely in a manner of its own choosing, supporters of the strike nicknamed the BBC the BFC for British Falsehood Company. Reith personally announced the end of the strike which he marked by reciting from Blakes Jerusalem signifying that England had been saved, Reith argued that trust gained by authentic impartial news could then be used
BBC
–
BBC Television Centre at
White City, West London, which opened in 1960 and closed in 2013
BBC
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BBC Pacific Quay in
Glasgow, which was opened in 2007
BBC
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BBC New Broadcasting House, London which came into use during 2012–13.
BBC
–
The headquarters of the BBC at
Broadcasting House in
Portland Place, London, England. This section of the building is called 'Old Broadcasting House'.
19.
Sense and Sensibility (film)
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Sense and Sensibility is a 1995 British-American period drama film directed by Ang Lee and based on Jane Austens 1811 novel of the same name. Actress Emma Thompson wrote the script and stars as Elinor Dashwood, the story follows the Dashwood sisters, members of a wealthy English family of landed gentry, as they must deal with circumstances of sudden destitution. They are forced to seek security through marriage. Actors Hugh Grant and Alan Rickman play their respective suitors, the film was released on 13 December 1995 in the United States and on 23 February 1996 in the United Kingdom. Producer Lindsay Doran, an admirer of Austens novel, hired Thompson to write the screenplay. The actress spent five years drafting numerous revisions, continually working on the script between other films as well as production of the film itself. Studios were nervous that Thompson – a first-time screenwriter – was the credited writer, though initially intending to have another actress portray Elinor, Thompson was persuaded to take the role. Thompsons screenplay exaggerated the Dashwood familys wealth to make their later scenes of poverty more apparent to modern audiences and it also altered the traits of the male leads to make them more appealing to contemporary viewers. Elinor and Mariannes different characteristics were emphasised through imagery and invented scenes, Ang Lee was selected as director, both due to his work in the 1993 film The Wedding Banquet and because Doran believed he would help the film appeal to a wider audience. Lee was given a budget of $16 million and it earned seven Academy Awards nominations, including for Best Picture and Best Actress. Thompson received the Best Adapted Screenplay, becoming the person to have won Academy Awards for both acting and screenwriting. Sense and Sensibility contributed to a resurgence in popularity for Austens works and it persists in being recognised as one of the best Austen adaptations of all time. On his deathbed, Mr. Dashwood tells his son from his first marriage, John, to care of his second wife. Fanny invites her brother Edward Ferrars to stay with them, Elinor and Edward soon form a close friendship, but Fanny haughtily tells Mrs. Dashwood that Edward would be disinherited if he married someone of no importance with no money. Mrs. Dashwood understands her meaning completely, sir John Middleton, a cousin of the widowed Mrs. Dashwood, offers her a small cottage house on his estate, Barton Park in Devonshire. She and her daughters move in, and are frequent guests at Barton Park, the Dashwoods meet the older Colonel Brandon, who falls in love with Marianne at first sight. However, Marianne considers him an old bachelor, incapable of feeling love or inspiring it in another, one afternoon, Marianne takes a walk with Margaret and slips and falls in the rain. She is carried home by the dashing John Willoughby, with whom Marianne falls in love and they spend a great deal of time together, but on the morning she expects him to propose marriage to her, he instead leaves hurriedly for London
Sense and Sensibility (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
Sense and Sensibility (film)
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Emma Thompson worked on the Sense and Sensibility screenplay for five years.
Sense and Sensibility (film)
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Hugh Grant, who had worked with Thompson in several films, was her first choice to play Edward Ferrars.
Sense and Sensibility (film)
–
Sense and Sensibility was
Ang Lee 's first feature film outside of Asia.
20.
The Ghost and the Darkness
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The Ghost and the Darkness is a 1996 American historical adventure film directed by Stephen Hopkins and starring Val Kilmer and Michael Douglas. The screenplay was written by William Goldman, the story is a fictionalized account of the Tsavo Man-Eaters, two lions that attacked and killed workers at Tsavo, Kenya, during the building of the Uganda-Mombasa Railway in East Africa in 1898. The film received a critical response upon release, and later won an Academy Award for Sound Editing. In 1898, Sir Robert Beaumont, the financier of a railroad project in Tsavo. He seeks out the expertise of Lt. Colonel John Henry Patterson, Patterson travels from England to Tsavo, telling his wife, Helena, he will complete the project and be back in London for the birth of their son. He meets British supervisor Angus Starling, African foreman Samuel, Hawthorne tells Patterson of a recent lion attack that has affected the project. That night, Patterson kills a lion with one shot, earning the respect of the workmen. However, not long afterwards, Mahina, the foreman, is dragged from his tent in the middle of the night. His half-eaten body is found the next morning, Patterson then attempts a second night-time lion hunt, but the following morning, another worker is found dead at the opposite end of the camp from Pattersons position. Pattersons only comfort now is the letters he receives from his wife, soon, while the workers are gathering wood and building fire pits around the tents, a lion attacks the camp in the middle of the day, killing an other worker. Despite the latters efforts to kill them, both lions escape, Samuel states that there has never been a pair of man-eaters, they have always been solitary hunters. The men, led by Abdullah, begin to turn on Patterson, work on the bridge comes to a halt. Patterson requests soldiers from England to protect the workers, but is denied, Remington arrives with skilled Maasai warriors to help kill the lions. They dub the lions the Ghost and the Darkness because of their notorious methods of attack, the initial attempt fails when Pattersons borrowed gun misfires. The warriors decide to leave, but Remington stays behind and he constructs a new hospital for sick and injured workers and tempts the lions to the abandoned building with animal parts and blood. When the lions fall for the trap, Remington and Patterson shoot at them, they flee and attack the new hospital, killing many patients, Abdullah and the construction men leave, and only Patterson, Remington, and Samuel remain behind to face the marauders. Patterson and Remington locate the lair, discovering the bones of dozens of the lions victims. That night, Remington kills one of the pair by using Patterson, the men celebrate, though later Patterson dreams about his wife and infant son visiting him in Tsavo, only for them to be killed by the remaining lion before he can get to them
The Ghost and the Darkness
–
Theatrical release poster
The Ghost and the Darkness
–
The
Tsavo Man-Eaters on display in the
Field Museum of Natural History in
Chicago, Illinois.
21.
The Full Monty
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The Full Monty is a 1997 British comedy-drama film directed by Peter Cattaneo, starring Robert Carlyle, Mark Addy, William Snape, Steve Huison, Tom Wilkinson, Paul Barber and Hugo Speer. The screenplay was written by Simon Beaufoy, Gaz declares that their show will be better than the Chippendales dancers because they will go the full monty—strip all the way—hence the films title. Despite being a comedy, the film touches on serious subjects such as unemployment, fathers rights, depression, impotence, homosexuality, body image, working class culture. The Full Monty was a critical success upon release and an unexpected international commercial success. It was the film in the UK until it was outsold by Titanic. It was nominated for Academy Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Original Screenplay and Best Original Music Score, the film was later adapted into a musical in 2000, and a play in 2013. The once-successful steel mills of Sheffield, South Yorkshire, have shut down, former steel workers Gary Gaz Schofield and Dave Horsefall have resorted to stealing scrap metal from the abandoned mills to sell. Gaz is facing trouble from his wife, Mandy and her boyfriend Barry over child support payments that he has failed to make since losing his job. Gazs son, Nathan, loves his father but wishes they could do more normal stuff in their time together, one day, Gaz spots a crowd of women lined up outside a local club to see a Chippendales striptease act. He gets the idea to form his own strip tease group using local men in hopes of making money to pay off his child support obligations. The first to join the group is Lomper, a security guard at the mill where Dave. Depressed, Lomper attempts suicide, but is rescued by Dave who convinces him to join the group, next, they recruit Gerald Cooper, their former foreman at the mill, who is hiding the fact that he is unemployed from his wife. Gaz and Dave see Gerald and his wife, Linda, at a dance class and recruit him to teach them some actual dance moves. The four men hold an audition to recruit more members and settle on Horse, an older man who is nevertheless a good dancer, and Guy. The six men begin to practice their act, Gaz then learns that he has to pay £100 in order to secure the club for the night. He cannot afford this, but Nathan gets the money out of his savings, when they are greeted by two local women while they put up posters for the show, Gaz boasts theyre better than the real Chippendales because they go the full monty. Dave drops out due to body image issues and gets a job as a security guard at Asda. The others do a public rehearsal at the mill in front of female relatives of Horse, but are caught mid-show by a passing policeman
The Full Monty
–
US release poster
22.
Oscar and Lucinda
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Oscar and Lucinda is a novel by Australian author Peter Carey which won the 1988 Booker Prize and the 1989 Miles Franklin Award. It was shortlisted for The Best of the Booker and it tells the story of Oscar Hopkins, the Cornish son of a Plymouth Brethren minister who becomes an Anglican priest, and Lucinda Leplastrier, a young Australian heiress who buys a glass factory. They meet on the ship over to Australia, and discover that they are both gamblers, one obsessive, the other compulsive. Lucinda bets Oscar that he cannot transport a glass church from Sydney to a settlement at Bellingen. This bet changes both their lives forever, the novel partly takes its inspiration from Father and Son, the autobiography of the English poet Edmund Gosse, which describes his relationship with his father, Philip Henry Gosse. A film version released in 1997 was directed by Gillian Armstrong and starred Ralph Fiennes, Cate Blanchett, Peter Carey discusses Oscar and Lucinda on the BBC World Book Club Oscar and Lucinda at the National Film and Sound Archive Oscar and Lucinda at IMDB
Oscar and Lucinda
–
1st edition (Australia)
23.
Wilde (film)
–
Wilde is a 1997 British biographical film directed by Brian Gilbert with Stephen Fry in the title role. The screenplay by Julian Mitchell is based on the Pulitzer Prize-winning 1987 biography of Oscar Wilde by Richard Ellmann, the film opens with Oscar Wildes 1882 visit to Leadville, Colorado during his lecture tour of the United States. Despite his flamboyant personality and urbane wit, he proves to be a success with the silver miners as he regales them with tales of Renaissance silversmith Benvenuto Cellini. Wilde returns to London and weds Constance Lloyd, and they have two sons in quick succession, while their second child is still an infant, the couple hosts a young Canadian named Robbie Ross, who seduces Wilde and helps him come to terms with his homosexuality. Hedonistic Douglas is not content to remain monogamous and frequently engages in sexual activity with rent boys while his older lover plays the role of voyeur. Douglas father, the Marquess of Queensberry, objects to his sons relationship with Wilde, when Wilde sues the Marquess for criminal libel against him, his homosexuality is publicly exposed, he is eventually tried for gross indecency and sentenced to two years hard labour. In prison, he is visited by his wife, who tells him she is not divorcing him but is taking their sons to Germany, Wilde is released from prison and goes straight into exile to continental Europe. In spite of the advice or objections of others, he meets with Douglas. Throughout the film, portions of the well-loved Wilde story The Selfish Giant are woven in, first by Wilde telling the story to his children, then as narrator, finishing the story as the film ends. In the DVD commentary, Fry, who is gay, admitted he was nervous about the scenes with his heterosexual co-stars. He says Jude Law, Michael Sheen and Ioan Gruffudd were quick to put him at ease, the film premiered at the 1997 Venice Film Festival and was the opening night selection at the 1998 San Francisco International Film Festival. Orlando Bloom made his first on screen appearance in film with a brief role as a rent boy. Though the film suffers a case of quip-lash thanks to its tireless Wildean witticisms, frys warmly sympathetic performance finds the gentleness beneath the wit. That he is also an actor is important, because the film requires him to show many conflicting aspects of Wildes life. Brings a depth and gentleness to the role, in the Los Angeles Times, Kevin Thomas stated the film has found a perfect Oscar in the formidably talented Stephen Fry. Coupled with Julian Mitchells superb script, and director Brian Gilberts total commitment to it and to his sterling cast, this deeply moving Wilde is likely to remain the definitive screen treatment of Oscar Wilde for years to come. Gilbert clearly gave Fry and Law the confidence to play roles that would require a baring of souls, and they are triumphant. Unfortunately, the film is marred by Debbie Wisemans trite, overly emotional score and it is especially undermining in its morose tone in the films final sequences, when the pace naturally slows down as Wildes life enters its final phase
Wilde (film)
–
Theatrical release poster
24.
Shakespeare in Love
–
For the theatre adaptation, see Shakespeare in Love. Shakespeare in Love is a 1998 British-American romantic comedy-drama film directed by John Madden, written by Marc Norman, the film depicts an imaginary love affair involving Viola de Lesseps and playwright William Shakespeare while he was writing Romeo and Juliet. Several characters are based on figures, and many of the characters, lines. Shakespeare in Love won seven Academy Awards, including Best Picture, Best Actress, in 1593 London, William Shakespeare is a sometime player in the Lord Chamberlains Men and poor playwright for Philip Henslowe, owner of The Rose Theatre. Shakespeare is working on a new comedy, Romeo and Ethel, suffering from writers block, he has barely begun the play, but starts auditioning players. Viola de Lesseps, the daughter of a merchant, who has seen Shakespeares plays at court, disguises herself as Thomas Kent to audition. Shakespeare pursues Kent to Violas house and leaves a note with the nurse and he sneaks into the house with the minstrels playing that night at the ball, where her parents are arranging her betrothal to Lord Wessex, an impoverished aristocrat. While dancing with Viola, Shakespeare is struck speechless, and after being ejected by Wessex. Wessex also asks Wills name, to which he replies that he is Christopher Marlowe, when he discovers her true identity, they begin a secret affair. Inspired by her, Shakespeare writes quickly, with help from his friend and rival playwright Christopher Kit Marlowe, completely transforming the play into what will become Romeo, then, Viola is summoned to court to receive approval for her proposed marriage to Lord Wessex. Shakespeare accompanies her, disguised as her female cousin, there, he persuades Wessex to wager £50 that a play can capture the true nature of love, the exact amount Shakespeare requires to buy a share in the Chamberlains Men. Queen Elizabeth I declares that she will judge the matter when the occasion arises. When Richard Burbage, owner of the Curtain, finds out that Shakespeare has cheated him out of money and the play, he goes to the Rose Theatre with his Curtain Theatre Company. The Rose Theatre company drives Burbage and his out and then celebrate at the local pub. Viola is appalled when she learns Shakespeare is married, albeit separated from his wife, will discovers that Marlowe is dead, and thinks he is to blame. Lord Wessex suspects an affair between Shakespeare and his bride-to-be, because Wessex thinks that Will is Kit Marlowe, he approves of Kits death, and tells Viola the news. It is later learned that Marlowe had been killed in an accident, Viola finds out that Will is still alive, and declares her love for him. When Edmund Tilney, the Master of the Revels, is informed there is a player at The Rose
Shakespeare in Love
–
Theatrical release poster
25.
The Patriot (2000 film)
–
The Patriot is a 2000 epic historical fiction war film directed by Roland Emmerich, written by Robert Rodat, and starring Mel Gibson, Chris Cooper, Heath Ledger, and Jason Isaacs. It was produced by the Mutual Film Company and Centropolis Entertainment and was distributed by Columbia Pictures, the film mainly takes place in rural York County, South Carolina, and depicts the story of an American swept into the American Revolutionary War when his family is threatened. Benjamin Martin is a figure the scriptwriter claims is based on four factual figures from the American Revolutionary War, Andrew Pickens, Francis Marion, Daniel Morgan. While, as critic Roger Ebert states, None of it has much to do with the reality of the Revolutionary War. Fearing war against Great Britain, Benjamin abstains, the vote is nonetheless passed and, against his fathers wishes, two years later Charleston falls to the British and a wounded Gabriel returns home carrying dispatches. When Benjamins second son Thomas tries to free Gabriel, he is shot and killed by Tavington, who orders the Martins house burned. After the British leave, Benjamin gives his next two eldest sons rifles, and they ambush the British unit escorting a tied Gabriel, Benjamin skillfully, yet brutally, kills many soldiers with his tomahawk. A British survivor tells Tavington of the attack, earning Benjamin the moniker of the Ghost, Benjamin and Gabriel resolve to fight the British, leaving the younger children in the care of Benjamins sister-in-law, Charlotte. On their way to the Continental Armys camp, they witness the southern Continental Army under General Horatio Gates engaging the British Army, Benjamin recognizes the foolishness of the action, sure enough, the Continentals are decisively routed. Benjamin meets his former commanding officer, Colonel Harry Burwell, who makes him colonel of the colonial militia due to his combat experience. Benjamin is tasked with keeping Lord Cornwalliss regiments pinned south through guerrilla warfare, French Major Jean Villeneuve helps train the militia and promises more French aid. Gabriel asks why Villeneuve and others mention Benjamins role in something called Fort Wilderness, Benjamins militia harass British supply lines, even capturing some of Cornwallis personal effects and his two Great Danes, and burn half the bridges and ferries leading to Charleston. Lord Cornwallis blames Tavington for creating this reaction with his brutal tactics, with the reluctant aid of the Loyalist Captain Wilkins, Tavington learns the identities of some militia members and proceeds to attack their families and burn their homes. Benjamins family flees Charlottes plantation as it is burned to live in a Gullah settlement with black slaves. There, Gabriel marries his betrothed Anne, Tavingtons brigade rides into the town that supplies the militia. He assembles all the townspeople, including Anne, into the church promising freedom in exchange for the whereabouts of the rebels, however, after the location is given the doors are barricaded, trapping the people as Tavington orders the church burned. After discovering the tragedy, Gabriel races to attack Tavingtons encampment, in the ensuing fight, Tavington mortally wounds Gabriel before fleeing. Benjamin arrives soon after, only to have another of his sons die in his arms, Benjamin mourns and wavers in his commitment to continue fighting, but is resolved when reminded of his sons dedication to the cause by finding an American flag he repaired personally
The Patriot (2000 film)
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Theatrical release poster
26.
Jackie Chan
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Chan Kong-sang, SBS, MBE, PMW, known professionally as Jackie Chan, is a Hong Kong martial artist, actor, film director, producer, stuntman, and singer. In his movies, he is known for his fighting style, comic timing, use of improvised weapons, and innovative stunts. He has trained in Kung Fu and Hapkido and he has been acting since the 1960s and has appeared in over 150 films. Chan has received stars on the Hong Kong Avenue of Stars, and he has been referenced in various pop songs, cartoons, and video games. He is a trained vocalist and is also a Cantopop and Mandopop star, having released a number of albums. He is also a notable philanthropist, in 2015, Forbes magazine estimated his net worth to be $350 million. Chan was born on 7 April 1954, in British Hong Kong, as Chan Kong-sang, to Charles and Lee-Lee Chan and his mother or parents nicknamed him Pao-pao Chinese, 炮炮 because the energetic child was always rolling around. His parents worked for the French ambassador in Hong Kong, Chan attended the Nah-Hwa Primary School on Hong Kong Island, where he failed his first year, after which his parents withdrew him from the school. In 1960, his father emigrated to Canberra, Australia, to work as the cook for the American embassy, and Chan was sent to the China Drama Academy. Chan trained rigorously for the decade, excelling in martial arts. He eventually became part of the Seven Little Fortunes, a group made up of the schools best students. Chan became close friends with group members Sammo Hung and Yuen Biao. After entering the industry, Chan along with Sammo Hung got the opportunity to train in hapkido under the grand master Jin Pal Kim. Jackie Chan also trained in other styles of arts such as Karate, Judo, Taekwondo. He began his career by appearing in roles at the age of five as a child actor. At age eight, he appeared with some of his fellow Little Fortunes in the film Big, Chan appeared with Li again the following year, in The Love Eterne and had a small role in King Hus 1966 film Come Drink with Me. In 1971, after an appearance as an extra in another kung fu film, A Touch of Zen, at seventeen, he worked as a stuntman in the Bruce Lee films Fist of Fury and Enter the Dragon under the stage name Chan Yuen Lung. He received his first starring role later that year in Little Tiger of Canton that had a release in Hong Kong in 1973
Jackie Chan
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Chan at the Cannes Film Festival in 2008
Jackie Chan
–
Jackie Chan began his film career as a
stuntman in the
Bruce Lee films
Fist of Fury (1972) and
Enter the Dragon (1973, pictured).
Jackie Chan
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Jet Li and Jackie Chan
Jackie Chan
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Jackie Chan on the set of Chinese Zodiac (May 2, 2012)
27.
Rush Hour (1998 film)
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Rush Hour is a 1998 American buddy action comedy film directed by Brett Ratner and starring Jackie Chan and Chris Tucker as mismatched cops who must rescue the Chinese consuls kidnapped daughter. Released on September 18,1998, the film grossed over $200 million worldwide, the films success led to two sequels, Rush Hour 2 and Rush Hour 3. On the last day of British rule in Hong Kong late 1997, Detective Inspector Lee of the Hong Kong Police Force leads a raid at a shipping bar wharf and he finds only Sang, Juntaos right-hand man, who manages to escape. Shortly after Han arrives in the United States to take up his new diplomatic post in Los Angeles, his daughter, the FBI informs Consul Han about the incident. Han calls in Lee to assist in the case, the FBI is afraid that the injury or death of Lee would result in negative attention internationally, decide to pawn him off on the LAPD just to keep him out of their way. Lee finally escapes and makes his way to the Chinese Consulate, where an anxious Han, while being reprimanded by Agent-in-charge Warren Russ, Carter accidentally involves himself in a phone conversation with Sang, where he arranges a ransom drop of $50 million in a couple of hours. The FBI traces the call to a warehouse and sends in a team of only to have them killed by a bomb. Spotting Sang nearby, Lee and Carter give chase, but Sang escapes, Carters colleague, LAPD bomb expert Tania Johnson, helps them trace the detonator to Clive, a man previously arrested by Carter. Clive is guilt-tripped by Lee into revealing his business relationship with Juntao whom he met a restaurant in Chinatown, Carter goes to the restaurant alone where he sees a surveillance video of Juntao carrying Soo-Yung into a van. Lee arrives and rescues Carter, but the two are taken off the case after the FBI blames them for ruining the ransom drop with Lee being sent back to Hong Kong. Despite this setback, Carter appeals to Johnson for assistance and sneaks onboard Lees plane, persuading Lee to help finish the case, Griffin later involves himself in the case, revealing more about the HKPFs past with Juntaos syndicate. At the opening of a Chinese art exhibition at the Los Angeles Convention Center, which Han and Griffin are overseeing, Carter, Lee and Johnson enter disguised as guests, where Carter distracts the guests into leaving for safety. This angers the FBI, but also blows Griffins cover, as Lee catches him walking over to a bar and he and Johnson both conclude that Griffin is Juntao because Carter recognizes him from a surveillance tape in Chinatown. Griffin threatens to detonate a bomb vest attached to Soo Yung, however, Carter manages to sneak out, locate her in the van, drives it into the building and brings her within range of Griffin, knowing that setting it off would kill him as well. Johnson manages to get the vest off Soo Yung while Griffin heads toward the roof with the bag of money, Lee takes the vest and pursues Griffin while Carter shoots Sang dead in a gunfight. Lee and Griffin find themselves dangling from the rafters under the roof, Griffin, holding onto the vest, falls to his death when the vest breaks, but before Lee falls, Carter is able to place a large flag underneath and catch him safely. Han and Soo Yung are reunited, and Han sends Carter, before Carter leaves, Agents Russ and Whitney offer him a position in the FBI, which he rudely refuses. Carter gets on the airplane with Lee, who starts singing Edwin Starrs War,1 at the North American box office with a weekend gross of $33 million in September 1998
Rush Hour (1998 film)
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Theatrical release poster
28.
Todd Field
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William Todd Field is an American actor and three-time Academy Award nominated filmmaker. Field was born in Pomona, California, where his family ran a poultry farm, when Field turned two, his family moved to Portland, Oregon, where his father went to work as a salesman, and his mother became a school librarian. At an early age, he interested in performing sleight-of-hand. As a child in Portland, Field was a batboy for the Portland Mavericks, kurt Russell, Bings son and later an acclaimed Hollywood actor in his own right, also played for the Portland Mavericks during this time. Field and Maverick Pitching Coach Rob Nelson created the first batch of Big League Chew in the Field family kitchen, in 1980 Nelson and former New York Yankees all-star Jim Bouton sold the idea to the Wrigley Company. Since that time over 600 million pouches have been sold worldwide, a budding jazz musician, at the age of sixteen Field became a member of the Big Band at Mount Hood Community College in Gresham, Oregon. Headed by Larry McVey, the band had become a proving-ground and regular stop for Stan Kenton and it was here Field played trombone along with his friend, trumpeter and future Grammy Award Winner, Chris Botti. During this same time he worked as a non-union projectionist at a second-run movie theater. Modica at his renowned Carnegie Hall Studio, soon after, Field began performing with the Ark Theatre Company as both an actor and musician. He received his Master of Fine Arts from the AFI Conservatory and he went on to work with some of Americas greatest film makers including Stanley Kubrick, Victor Nuñez, and Carl Franklin. It was Franklin and Nunez who encouraged Field to enroll as a Directing Fellow at the AFI, since that time he has received the Franklin J. To date, unadjusted box office receipts for the films in which Field has participated exceed a billion dollars worldwide, Field became one of Hollywoods hottest new writer/directors with the release of In the Bedroom, a film based on the short story Killings by author Andre Dubus. In the Bedroom was nominated for five Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Actor, Best Actress, Supporting Actress, and Best Screenplay. The film was shot in Rockland, Maine, a New England town in which Field resides—the house where he, his wife, Rathbun and Sissy Spacek did a portion of the set designing and Field handled the camera himself on many of the shots. The result, critics said, was stunning, David Ansen of Newsweek wrote, with one film he’s guaranteed his future as a director. He has the magnificent obsession of the natural-born filmmaker, anthony Quinn of The Independent also praised the director, Field has pulled off something here I thought no American filmmaker would ever manage again, he makes violence feel genuinely shocking. For his work on In the Bedroom, Field was named Director of the Year by the National Board of Review, and his script was awarded Best Original Screenplay. The film went on to win Best Picture of the Year by the Los Angeles Film Critics Association, the American Film Institute honored Field with the Franklin Schaffner Alumni Medal
Todd Field
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Field at
Deauville American Film Festival press conference September 5, 2006.
Todd Field
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Tom Wilkinson and
Sissy Spacek in Field's In the Bedroom (2001).
Todd Field
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Tom Perrotta and Field working on the script for Little Children, 2005
29.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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The Academy Award for Best Actor is an award presented annually by the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences. It is given in honor of an actor who has delivered a performance in a leading role while working within the film industry. The 1st Academy Awards ceremony was held in 1929 with Emil Jannings receiving the award for his roles in The Last Command and The Way of All Flesh. Currently, nominees are determined by single transferable vote within the branch of AMPAS. In the first three years of the awards, actors were nominated as the best in their categories, at that time, all of their work during the qualifying period was listed after the award. The following year, this unwieldy and confusing system was replaced by the current system in which an actor is nominated for a performance in a single film. Starting with the 9th ceremony held in 1937, the category was officially limited to five nominations per year, since its inception, the award has been given to 79 actors. Daniel Day-Lewis has received the most awards in this category with three Oscars, spencer Tracy and Laurence Olivier were nominated on nine occasions, more than any other actor. As of the 2017 ceremony, Casey Affleck is the most recent winner in category for his role as Lee Chandler in Manchester by the Sea. In the following table, the years are listed as per Academy convention, and generally correspond to the year of release in Los Angeles County. For the first five ceremonies, the eligibility period spanned twelve months from August 1 to July 31, for the 6th ceremony held in 1934, the eligibility period lasted from August 1,1932 to December 31,1933
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Emil Jannings (center) was the first winner in this category for his roles in 1928's
The Last Command and 1927's
The Way of All Flesh.
Academy Award for Best Actor
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Warner Baxter won in 1928 for his performance in
In Old Arizona.
Academy Award for Best Actor
–
George Arliss won in 1929 for his performance in
Disraeli.
Academy Award for Best Actor
–
Lionel Barrymore won in 1930 for his performance in
A Free Soul.
30.
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
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Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind is a 2004 American romantic science fiction comedy-drama film written by Charlie Kaufman and directed by Michel Gondry. It follows a couple who have erased each other from their memories. Pierre Bismuth created the story with Kaufman and Gondry, the ensemble cast includes Jim Carrey, Kate Winslet, Kirsten Dunst, Mark Ruffalo, Elijah Wood and Tom Wilkinson. The title of the film is a quotation from Eloisa to Abelard by Alexander Pope, the film uses elements of the psychological thriller and a nonlinear narrative to explore the nature of memory and romantic love. It opened in North America to wide acclaim on March 19,2004 and it won the Academy Award for Best Original Screenplay, and Winslet received a nomination for Academy Award for Best Actress. The film developed a following in the years after its release. Shy, soft-spoken Joel Barish and the unrestrained free-spirit Clementine Kruczynski begin a relationship on a Long Island Rail Road train from Montauk and they are almost immediately drawn to each other despite their different personalities, though both had felt the need to travel to Montauk that day. Although they do not realize it at the time, Joel and Clementine are, in fact, former lovers, after a fight, Clementine had hired the New York City firm Lacuna, Inc. to erase all of her memories of their relationship. Upon discovering this from his friends Rob and Carrie, Joel was devastated and decided to undergo the procedure himself, much of the film subsequently takes place in Joels mind, during this memory erasure procedure. As his memories are erased, he tries to evade the erasing effects of the procedure by hiding Clementine in remote parts of his subconscious, Joel finds himself revisiting them in reverse. Upon seeing happier times of love with Clementine from earlier in their relationship, he struggles to preserve at least some memory of her, despite his efforts to either hide the memories or wake up and stop the process, the memories are slowly erased. He comes to the last remaining memory of Clementine, the day he had first met her at a house in Montauk. As this memory disintegrates around them, she tells him, Meet me in Montauk, separate, but related, story arcs, which revolve around the employees of Lacuna, are revealed during Joels memory erasure. Patrick, one of the Lacuna technicians performing the erasure, uses Joels memories, mary, the Lacuna receptionist, is dating the other memory-erasing technician, Stan. On learning this, she asks Stan whether he knew about this, mary then quits her job and steals the companys records, and mails the two former clients their records from Lacuna. The film returns to the present, after Joel and Clementine have met aboard the train, Joel beckons Clementine to start over, Clementine initially resists, pointing out it could go the same way. Joel accepts this, and they decide to attempt a relationship anyway, on Metacritic, the film has a score of 89 out of 100, based on 41 reviews, indicating universal acclaim. Roger Ebert of Chicago Sun-Times gave the film a four stars, referring to Kaufman as the most gifted screenwriter of the 2000s
Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind
–
Theatrical release poster
31.
Normal (2003 film)
–
Normal is a 2003 drama film produced by HBO Films, which became an official selection at the 2003 Sundance Film Festival. Jane Anderson, the writer and director, adapted her own play. The film is about the transition of Ruth Applewood, a transgender woman who had been living as a man for 25 years of marriage. A Midwestern factory worker, Applewood stuns her wife of 25 years by saying she wishes to undergo sex reassignment surgery, the film was praised by most critics, and was nominated for numerous awards. While Ruth tries to keep the family together, Irmas initial reaction is to separate from her, patty Ann, their daughter, is more accepting, but Wayne, their son, struggles with the transition. Ruth faces ostracism at church and at work and she finds understanding from her boss but not from her minister. In the end, Irma discovers that love transcends gender and the family survives, jessica Lange and Tom Wilkinson both received acting nominations for the Golden Globes, Primetime Emmys and Satellite Awards. Transparent Transgender in film and television Official website Normal at the Internet Movie Database
Normal (2003 film)
–
Normal
32.
The Exorcism of Emily Rose
–
The Exorcism of Emily Rose is a 2005 American legal drama horror film directed by Scott Derrickson and starring Laura Linney and Tom Wilkinson. Emily Rose, a 19-year old American teenager, dies of self-inflicted wounds, Father and Richard Moore, the Catholic priest who attempted the exorcism is arrested and sent to court. While the archdiocese want Moore to plead guilty to minimise the crime’s public attention, erin Bruner, an ambitious lawyer hoping to use the trial to become a senior partner in her law firm, takes on the case. Moore agrees to let her defend him if he can tell the truth behind Emily’s story, during the trial, Emily’s past is told through flashbacks and the evidence provided by witnesses. The trial’s prosecutor is Ethan Thomas, with Judge Brewster presiding, the prosecution claims Emily suffered from epilepsy and psychosis to explain her behaviour. Emily got a scholarship to study for a degree, but shortly displayed sights of demonic possession after she began attending classes, experiencing visions. Diagnosed with epilepsy, Emily receives anti-seizure medication but the treatment fails to cure her, Emily’s friend Jason took her home, where she continued displaying traits of possession until Moore was summoned to attempt an exorcism. Bruner begins experiencing supernatural phenomena at home, waking up at 3 oclock every night, Moore warns her she may be a target for the demons, revealing he too has experienced similar phenomena. With the prosecution building a case, Bruner steps up her own by trying to legitimise Emily’s possession. She summons anthropologist, Sandira Adani, to testify about the beliefs about spiritual possession from various cultures, graham Cartwright, a medical doctor who attended the exorcism, gives Bruner a cassette tape on which the exorcist was recorded. Moore is called to the stand where he plays the tape, Moore, Emily’s father, Jason, and Dr. Cartwright participate in the exorcism, but Emily escapes her restrains, leaps out of a window, and flees to the family barn. The others give chase, Moore continuing the exorcism and demanding to know the demon’s name and it responds by revealing there are six demons – those who possessed Cain, Nero, and Judas Iscariot, a member of Legion, Belial, and Lucifer himself. The exorcism abruptly ends with Emily fainting, and runaway horses injuring those present, Thomas reasons that Emily’s behaviour can be explained by learning ancient languages at school and her epilepsy. Moore then reads a letter left by Emily the day before she died, a flashback reveals Emily went outside and sees the Virgin Mary. Offered a choice between ascending to Heaven or remaining to become a martyr but prove the existence of God and demons, Moore explains she then received stigmata on her arms, but Thomas claims she gained the markings from grabbing a barbed wire fence. The jury ultimately reach a verdict of guilty, but ask Brewster to give a sentence of time served, Bruner is offered the position she wanted, but declines and resigns. Bruner and Father Moore visit Emily’s gravestone, where Moore believes that, in time, the character of Emily Rose was inspired by the story of Anneliese Michel. The film is based on Felicitas Goodmans book The Exorcism of Anneliese Michel, german director Hans-Christian Schmid launched his own treatment of Michels story, Requiem, around the same time in late 2006
The Exorcism of Emily Rose
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Theatrical release poster
33.
Batman Begins
–
Comic book storylines such as The Man Who Falls, Batman, Year One, and Batman, The Long Halloween served as inspiration. The goal was to get the audience to care for both Batman and Bruce Wayne, the film, which was primarily shot in Iceland and Chicago, relied on traditional stunts and miniatures, while computer-generated imagery was used minimally. Batman Begins opened on June 15,2005, in the United States and it grossed over $48 million in its opening weekend in North America, eventually grossing over $374 million worldwide. The film received reviews and is considered by many to be one of the best superhero films of the 2000s. The film was nominated for an Academy Award for Best Cinematography and it is followed by The Dark Knight and The Dark Knight Rises in a continual story-arc, which has later been referred to as The Dark Knight Trilogy. The film is presented in a narrative, jumping between the present and past. This is a summary of the plot. As a child, Bruce Wayne falls down into a dry well and is attacked by a swarm of bats, while watching an opera with his parents, Thomas and Martha, Bruce becomes frightened by performers masquerading as bats and asks to leave. Outside, mugger Joe Chill murders Bruces parents in front of him, orphaned, Bruce is raised by the family butler, Alfred Pennyworth. Fourteen years later, Chill is freed in exchange for testifying against Gotham City mafia boss Carmine Falcone, Bruce intends to murder Chill, but one of Falcones assassins does so first. Bruces childhood friend, assistant district attorney Rachel Dawes, berates him for attempting to undermine the justice system, Bruce confronts Falcone, who tells him that real power comes from being feared. Bruce decides to travel the world and learn how to confront injustice, while serving a prison sentence for theft in Bhutan, he meets Henri Ducard, who trains him as a member of the League of Shadows, led by Ras al Ghul. After completing his training and purging his fears, Bruce learns that the League intends to destroy Gotham, believing it to be corrupt, Bruce rejects the Leagues cause and burns down their temple during his escape. Ras is killed by falling debris, while Bruce saves the unconscious Ducard, Bruce returns to Gotham intent on fighting crime. Inspired by his fear, he takes up the vigilante identity of the Batman. He takes an interest in his familys company, Wayne Enterprises, company archivist Lucius Fox allows Bruce access to prototype defense technologies including a protective bodysuit and a heavily armored car called the Tumbler. Bruce poses as a shallow playboy to allay suspicion, Batman intercepts a drug shipment, provides Rachel with evidence against Falcone, and enlists Sergeant James Gordon, one of the few honest cops left in Gotham, to arrest him. Crane puts on a mask and sprays Falcone with a fear-inducing hallucinogen that drives him insane
Batman Begins
–
Theatrical release poster
Batman Begins
–
The Batsuit, worn by Christian Bale.
34.
Separate Lies
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The film stars Tom Wilkinson, Emily Watson and Rupert Everett. Separate Lies marked the debut of Julian Fellowes, who had worked mostly as an actor. No life is perfect – even if it seems to be, says James Manning, when it comes to matters of right and wrong, he likes to think of himself as inflexible. Anne, his younger wife, is accommodating and dutiful and likes the life they lead, the house in London. The couple seems to have it all, yet events soon will prove them wrong, in the village, a neighbour has reappeared, William Bule, son of a leading local family. He has recently returned from America, a bad marriage and two children, whose ages he cannot bother to remember, Bill is indolent and insinuating and at the village cricket match he catches Annes eye. Because of him, she suggests to her reluctant husband that they should have neighbours over for drinks, however, that evening, James has to work late in the city. Before the party is set to begin, a speeding car sideswipes a man bicycling along a village lane, the man is hurled to the ground and dies a few days later. He was the husband of Maggie, the Mannings’ housekeeper, Anne takes a special interest in Maggies well-being, but James cant understand her sudden teary investment in their housekeeper’s personal life. James, whose priorities have become skewed toward work rather than toward his wife, back home, when James tells Anne about his conversation with Bill, she has also some striking confessions to make. Anne reveals one hurtful secret while making a salad, she was actually driving Bill’s car when drunk, while artfully arranging ingredients on a platter, she informs her already distraught husband that she has also been having an affair with Bill. Telling her story, she asserts that Bill doesnt really mean anything to her, because he doesnt make demands or judge her, as James does in little, precisely because hes a lout, Bill makes her feel oddly liberated, if not loved. As a Buckinghamshire police inspector questions the Mannings and Bill about the accident, James really loves Anne, and the couple takes a trip to Wales in an effort to leave the accident, their guilt, and their marital troubles behind. However, Maggie, whose husband was killed, witnessed the accident and she saw the car and identifies it as belonging to Bill Bule. Yet her testimony may be biased, since Maggie knows William Bule well, having worked for his family until she was accused of stealing and it was Anne who gave her a new start in the village
Separate Lies
–
Theatrical release poster
35.
Recount (film)
–
Recount is a 2008 television film about the 2000 United States presidential election. The political drama was written by Danny Strong, directed by Jay Roach and it premiered on HBO on May 25,2008. The DVD was released on August 19,2008, Recount chronicles the 2000 U. S. presidential election Bush v. Gore case between Governor of Texas George W. Bush and U. S. It begins with the election on November 7 and ends with the Supreme Court ruling, Supreme Court, and finally the adversarial postures of the Supreme Courts of Florida and the United States, as well as the dissenting opinions among the higher courts justices. Pollack died of cancer on May 26,2008, one day after Recount premiered on HBO, on September 24,2007, it was announced that Kevin Spacey would star as Ron Klain. The film was filmed mostly in Tallahassee, Florida, many scenes were shot in city hall, the federal courthouse, and in front of the Florida Capitol building. Other scenes were shot on location on November 3 and 4,2007, inside the courtroom of the Florida Supreme Court building. Some scenes were filmed in Jacksonville, Florida and this was the first time a Chief Justice of Florida, in this case R. Fred Lewis at the request of Craig Waters, granted permission for the filming of a major motion picture on the Courts property. Mark Moorman of Het Parool, gave the film a rating of four stars on a scale of five, calling Recount an amazing, some critics have made charges of bias against the film. Entertainment Weekly wrote, Recount may not be downright blue, despite its equal time approach, Recount is an underdog story, and thus a Democrat story. Film critic Roger Ebert disputed claims of bias in his review of the film, stating, You might assume the movie is pro-Gore and anti-Bush, Roach cited All the Presidents Men as an example. Florida Supreme Court spokesman Craig Waters agreed that the script departed from the statements he made on live television from the courthouse steps in the fall of 2000. But the words spoken by the actor who played me, Waters said, are accurate paraphrasis of the things I actually said or of the released by the court at the time. Warren Christopher, who was sent by Gore to supervise the recount, has objected to his portrayal in the film. According to the San Jose Mercury News, Christopher. has not seen the film, but he read transcripts of scenes featuring his character, both Baker and I knew this would be a fight to the end that only one side could win. Baker agreed that the film exaggerated his rivals stance, Hes not that much of a wuss, democratic strategist Michael Whouley has objected to the amount of swearing he does in the film, and was also uncomfortable with a scene involving a broken chair. Official website Recount at the Internet Movie Database Recount at AllMovie
Recount (film)
–
Official poster
Recount (film)
–
Florida Supreme Court
Recount (film)
–
Craig Waters talks with reporters before oral arguments, December 7, 2000
Recount (film)
–
Photo of actor Alex Staggs taken during filming on location for HBO Movie "Recount", November 3, 2007, portraying Craig Waters
36.
James Baker
–
James Addison Jim Baker III is an American attorney and statesman. As Secretary of State, he helped oversee U. S. foreign policy during the end of the Cold War and dissolution of the Soviet Union and he is the namesake of the James A. Baker III Institute for Public Policy at Rice University. James Addison Baker was born in Houston at 1216 Bissonnet, the son of James A. Baker, Jr. and his father was a partner of Houston law firm Baker Botts. Baker has a sister, Bonner Baker Moffitt and his grandfather was attorney and banker James A. Baker, Sr. and his great-grandfather was jurist and politician James Addison Baker the elder. Baker attended The Hill School, a school in Pottstown. He graduated from Princeton University in 1952 with an A. B. in history cum laude and he was a member of Phi Delta Theta. Baker served in the United States Marine Corps, attaining the rank of First Lieutenant, afterwards, he earned a J. D. from The University of Texas at Austin and began to practice law in Texas. From 1957 to 1969, and then from 1973 to 1975 he practiced law at the law firm of Andrews & Kurth. Bakers first wife, the former Mary Stuart McHenry, was active in the Republican Party, originally, Baker had been a Democrat but too busy trying to succeed in a competitive law firm to worry about politics, and considered himself apolitical. His wifes influence led Baker to politics and the Republican Party and he was a regular tennis partner of George H. W. Bush at the Houston Country Club in the late 1950s. When Bush Sr. decided to vacate his Congressional seat and run for the U. S. Senate in 1969, however, Baker changed his mind about running for Congress when his wife was diagnosed with breast cancer, she died in February 1970. Baker became chairman of Bushs Senate campaign in Harris County, Texas, though Bush lost to Lloyd Bentsen in the election, Baker continued in politics, becoming the Finance Chairman of the Republican Party in 1971. The following year, he was selected as Gulf Coast Regional Chairman for the Richard Nixon presidential campaign, in 1973 and 1974, in the wake of the Nixon Administrations implosion, Baker returned to full-time law practice at Andrews & Kurth. Bakers time away from politics was very brief, however and he served as Undersecretary of Commerce for President Gerald Ford and ran Fords unsuccessful 1976 election campaign. In 1978, with George H. W. Bush as his manager, Baker ran unsuccessfully for Attorney General of Texas. He served in capacity until 1985. Baker is considered to have had a degree of influence over the first Reagan Administration. They claimed that Baker, a former Democrat and a Bush political intimate, was undermining conservative initiatives in the administration, Reagan rebuked Phillips and Wright for having waged a campaign of sabotage against Baker
James Baker
–
James Baker
James Baker
–
"
The Troika " (from left to right) Chief of Staff James Baker, Counselor to the President
Ed Meese,
Deputy Chief of Staff Michael Deaver at the White House, December 2, 1981.
James Baker
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Baker arriving in Kuwait, 1991
James Baker
–
Secretary of State
37.
George W. Bush
–
George Walker Bush is an American politician who served as the 43rd President of the United States from 2001 to 2009. He was also the 46th Governor of Texas from 1995 to 2000 and he is the eldest son of Barbara and George H. W. Bush. After graduating from Yale University in 1968 and Harvard Business School in 1975, Bush married Laura Welch in 1977 and ran unsuccessfully for the House of Representatives shortly thereafter. He later co-owned the Texas Rangers baseball team before defeating Ann Richards in the 1994 Texas gubernatorial election and he is the second president to assume the nations highest office after his father, following the lead of John Quincy Adams. He is also a brother of Jeb Bush, a former Governor of Florida who was a candidate for the Republican presidential nomination in the 2016 presidential election, the September 11 terrorist attacks occurred eight months into Bushs first term as president. Bush responded with what became known as the Bush Doctrine, launching a War on Terror, a military campaign that included the war in Afghanistan in 2001. He also promoted policies on the economy, health care, education, Social Security reform and his tenure included national debates on immigration, Social Security, electronic surveillance, and torture. In the 2004 Presidential race, Bush defeated Democratic Senator John Kerry in another close election. After his re-election, Bush received increasingly heated criticism from across the spectrum for his handling of the Iraq War, Hurricane Katrina. Amid this criticism, the Democratic Party regained control of Congress in the 2006 elections, Bush left office in 2009, returning to Texas where he purchased a home in Crawford. He wrote a memoir, Decision Points and his presidential library was opened in 2013. His presidency has been ranked among the worst in historians polls published in the late 2000s and 2010s. George Walker Bush was born on July 6,1946, at Grace-New Haven Hospital in New Haven, Connecticut, as the first child of George Herbert Walker Bush and his wife, the former Barbara Pierce. He was raised in Midland and Houston, Texas, with four siblings, Jeb, Neil, Marvin, another younger sister, Robin, died from leukemia at the age of three in 1953. His grandfather, Prescott Bush, was a U. S and his father, George H. W. Bush, was Ronald Reagans Vice President from 1981 to 1989 and the 41st U. S. President from 1989 to 1993. Bush has English and some German ancestry, along with more distant Dutch, Welsh, Irish, French, Bush attended public schools in Midland, Texas, until the family moved to Houston after he had completed seventh grade. He then spent two years at The Kinkaid School, a school in Houston. Bush attended high school at Phillips Academy, a school in Andover, Massachusetts
George W. Bush
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George W. Bush
George W. Bush
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Lt. George W. Bush while in the
Texas Air National Guard
George W. Bush
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George W. Bush with his father outside the White House, April 29, 1992
George W. Bush
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Governor Bush (right) with father, former president
George H. W. Bush and wife, Laura, in 1997
38.
United States presidential election, 2000
–
The United States presidential election of 2000 was the 54th quadrennial presidential election. It was held on Tuesday, November 7,2000, Bush was seen as the early favorite for the Republican nomination and, despite a contentious primary battle with Senator John McCain and other candidates, secured the nomination by Super Tuesday. Bush chose former Secretary of Defense Dick Cheney as his running mate, both major party candidates focused primarily on domestic issues, such as the budget, tax relief, and reforms for federal social insurance programs, although foreign policy was not ignored. Clinton and Gore often did not campaign together, a deliberate decision resulting from the Lewinsky sex scandal two years prior. This was the closest presidential election in the history, with a. 009% margin,537 votes. The narrow margin there triggered a mandatory machine recount the next day, after which Gore requested recounts in four counties, including populous South Florida, litigation ensued in numerous counties in both state and federal courts, ultimately reaching the Florida Supreme Court and the United States Supreme Court. Nationwide, this was the presidential election in which the winner received fewer votes than his opponent. After the election, recounts conducted by news media organizations continued a primary focus on ballots that machines read as not showing a vote. Based on the review of these ballots, their results indicated that Bush would have won if certain recounting methods had been used, but that Gore might have won under other standards and scenarios. The Green Party gained widespread attention during the 2000 presidential election when the ticket composed of Ralph Nader. Nader was vilified by some Democrats, who accused him of spoiling the election for Al Gore, Naders impact on the 2000 election has remained controversial. Until 2016, this was the last time a Republican candidate won a vote in the region of New England. As of 2017, this was the last election where a Republican candidate won New Hampshire, traditionally, the primary elections are indirect elections where voters cast ballots for a slate of party delegates pledged to a particular candidate. The partys delegates then officially nominate a candidate to run on the partys behalf, President Bill Clinton, a Democrat and former Governor of Arkansas, was ineligible to seek reelection to a third term due to restrictions of the Twenty-second Amendment. In accordance with Section I of the Twentieth Amendment, his term expired at 12,00 noon EST on January 20,2001, Democratic candidates Al Gore, Vice President of the United States Bill Bradley, former U. S. Senator from New Jersey Al Gore from Tennessee was a consistent front-runner for the nomination, of these, only Wellstone formed an exploratory committee. Running an insurgency campaign, Bradley positioned himself as the alternative to Gore, the closest Bradley came to a victory was his 50–46 loss to Gore in the New Hampshire primary. On March 14, Al Gore clinched the Democratic nomination, none of Bradleys delegates were allowed to vote for him, so Gore won the nomination unanimously at the Democratic National Convention
United States presidential election, 2000
–
537/538 electoral votes of the
Electoral College 270 electoral votes needed to win
United States presidential election, 2000
United States presidential election, 2000
United States presidential election, 2000
–
Former
Senator Bill Bradley from
New Jersey (Withdrew on March 9, 2000)
39.
John Adams (TV miniseries)
–
John Adams is a 2008 American television miniseries chronicling most of U. S. President John Adamss political life and his role in the founding of the United States. The miniseries was directed by Tom Hooper, kirk Ellis wrote the screenplay based on the book John Adams by David McCullough. The biopic of John Adams and the story of the first fifty years of the United States was broadcast in seven parts by HBO between March 16 and April 20,2008, John Adams received widespread critical acclaim, and many prestigious awards. The show won four Golden Globe awards and thirteen Emmy awards, Episode 1 opens in Boston 1770 on the cold winter night of the Boston Massacre. It portrays John Adams arriving at the following the gunshots from British soldiers firing upon a mob of Boston citizens. Adams, a lawyer in his mid-30s known for his dedication to the law. Their commander, Captain Thomas Preston asks him to them in court. Reluctant at first, he agrees despite knowing this will antagonize his neighbors, Adams is depicted to have taken the case because he believed everyone deserves a fair trial and he wanted to uphold the standard of justice. Adams cousin Samuel Adams is one of the main colonists opposed to the actions of the British government and he is one of the executive members of the Sons of Liberty, an anti-British group of agitators. Adams is depicted as a man doing his best to defend his clients. The show also illustrates Adams appreciation and respect for his wife, in one scene, Adams is shown having his wife proofread his summation as he takes her suggestions. After many sessions of court, the jury verdicts of not guilty of murder for each defendant. The episode also illustrates the growing tensions over the Coercive Acts, at the Continental Congresses Adams is depicted as the lead advocate for independence. He is in the vanguard in establishing that there is no option than to break off. He is also instrumental in the selection of then-Colonel George Washington as the new head of the Continental Army, later, Benjamin Franklin quietly chastens Adams, saying it is perfectly acceptable to insult a man in private. He may even thank you for it afterwards, but when you do it in public, they tend to think you are serious. This points out Adams primary flaw, his bluntness and lack of gentility toward his opponents, one that would make him many enemies. It would also, eventually, contribute to historians disregard for his many achievements, the episode also shows how Abigail copes with issues at home as her husband was away much of the time participating in the Continental Congress
John Adams (TV miniseries)
–
Television promotional poster
40.
Friedrich Fromm
–
Friedrich Fromm was a German army officer. A recipient of the Knights Cross of the Iron Cross, he was executed for failing to act against the 20 July plot to assassinate Hitler and he served as a lieutenant during World War I. Fromm played at the beginning of the Nazi era an important role in the structure of the regime, From 1933, he was responsible for the human. Also from 1939 Chief of Army armour and commander of the Replacement Army, the Office of the Chief of Army Armament and the Reserve Army under Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm was created, subordinate to the commander in chief, army. Fromm had enough power at his disposal to control the German state because his position controlled army procurement and production and commanded all army troops inside Germany. In World War II, Fromm was Commander in Chief of the Reserve Army, in charge of training and personnel replacement for the German Army, when the attempt to proceed with the mutiny on 15 July failed, Fromm refused to have any further part in it. When the mutiny failed, Fromm was found by men of the Ersatzheer, against Hitlers orders to take the conspirators alive, he only arrested the one who was, at that time, a civilian while court-martialing and shooting the active soldiers immediately. As for General Beck, Fromm allowed him upon request to commit suicide and ordered him shot after his attempt failed, in any case, the executions did not save him. After executing the top plotters, Fromm returned to his office for the night after a reported upcoming air-raid, there in his office he was met by various Nazi officers, Joseph Goebbels among them. Fromm tried to credit for ending the coup. On the morning of 22 July 1944, Fromm was arrested by Nazi officials, Fromm was discharged from the German Army on 14 September 1944. The civilian Fromm was sentenced to death and considered unworthy for military duty by the Volksgerichtshof on 7 March 1945, since the court failed to prove a direct association with the 20 July plotters, he had been charged and convicted for cowardice before the enemy. On 12 March 1945, Fromm was executed at the Brandenburg-Görden Prison by firing squad as part of the post-conspiracy purge and his last words before the firing squad were reported to be I die, because it was ordered. I had always wanted only the best for Germany
Friedrich Fromm
–
Generaloberst Friedrich Fromm
41.
Tom Cruise
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Thomas Cruise Mapother IV, known professionally as Tom Cruise, is an American actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards and he started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love. After portraying supporting roles in Taps and The Outsiders, his first leading role was in the romantic comedy Risky Business, Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete Maverick Mitchell in the action drama Top Gun. One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood, Cruise starred in more successful films in the 1980s, including the dramas The Color of Money, Cocktail, Rain Man. In 2012, Cruise was Hollywoods highest-paid actor,16 of his films grossed over $100 million domestically,22 have grossed in excess of $200 million worldwide. In 2002, Cruise won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for Vanilla Sky, in 2003, he won an AFI Movie of the Year Award for The Last Samurai and an Empire Award for Best Actor for Minority Report. Cruise is an advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs. Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York, the son of Mary Lee, a special teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III. He has three sisters, Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass and they are of English, German, and Irish ancestry. One of Cruises paternal great-great-great-grandfathers, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in north County Dublin in 1799, he married Teresa Johnson in County Meath and they left Ireland for the United States that same year and settled in New York. They had a daughter, Mary Paulina Russell Cruise, whose son Thomas Cruise Mapother was Cruises great-grandfather, a cousin, William Mapother, is also an actor, he and Cruise have appeared in five films together. Cruise grew up in poverty, and had a Catholic upbringing. The family was dominated by his father, whom Cruise has described as a merchant of chaos. Cruise has said that he was beaten by his father, whom he has called a bully and he stated, He was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a lesson in my life—how hed lull you in, make you feel safe and then. For me, it was like, Theres something wrong with this guy, Cruise spent part of his childhood in Canada. His family moved to Beacon Hill, Ottawa, in late 1971 so that Cruises father could take a position as a consultant with the Canadian Armed Forces. There, Cruise attended the newly opened Robert Hopkins Public School for much of grade four, in grade four, Cruise first became involved in drama, under the tutelage of George Steinburg
Tom Cruise
–
Cruise at the Edge of Tomorrow premiere in May 2014
Tom Cruise
–
Cruise at the
61st Academy Awards in 1989
Tom Cruise
–
With
Katie Holmes in May 2009
42.
World War II
–
World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
World War II
–
Clockwise from top left: Chinese forces in the
Battle of Wanjialing, Australian
25-pounder guns during the
First Battle of El Alamein, German
Stuka dive bombers on the
Eastern Front in December 1943, a U.S. naval force in the
Lingayen Gulf,
Wilhelm Keitel signing the
German Instrument of Surrender, Soviet troops in the
Battle of Stalingrad
World War II
–
The
League of Nations assembly, held in
Geneva,
Switzerland, 1930
World War II
–
Adolf Hitler at a German
National Socialist political rally in
Weimar, October 1930
World War II
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Italian soldiers recruited in 1935, on their way to fight the
Second Italo-Abyssinian War
43.
Valkyrie (film)
–
Valkyrie is a 2008 American-German historical thriller film set in Nazi Germany during World War II. The film depicts the 20 July plot in 1944 by German army officers to assassinate Adolf Hitler, Valkyrie was directed by Bryan Singer for the American studio United Artists, and the film stars Tom Cruise as Colonel Claus von Stauffenberg, one of the key plotters. The cast included Kenneth Branagh, Bill Nighy, Eddie Izzard, Terence Stamp, Cruises casting caused controversy among German politicians and members of the von Stauffenberg family due to the actors practice of Scientology, which is viewed with suspicion in Germany. Because of this, the filmmakers initially had difficulty setting up filming locations in Germany, German newspapers and filmmakers supported the film and its attempt to spread global awareness of von Stauffenbergs plot. The film changed release dates several times, from as early as June 27,2008, the changing calendar and poor response to United Artists initial marketing campaign drew criticism about the studios viability. After a positive test screening, Valkyries release in North America was ultimately changed to December 25,2008, United Artists renewed its marketing campaign to reduce its focus on Cruise and to highlight Singers credentials. The film received mixed reviews in the United States and in Germany, meanwhile, Major General Henning von Tresckow attempts to assassinate Adolf Hitler by smuggling a bomb aboard the Führers personal airplane. The bomb, however, is a dud and fails to detonate, after learning that the Gestapo has arrested Major General Hans Oster, he orders General Olbricht to find a replacement. After recruiting Stauffenberg into the German Resistance, Olbricht presents Stauffenberg at a meeting of the committee which has coordinated previous attempts on Hitlers life. The members include General Ludwig Beck, Dr. Carl Goerdeler, Stauffenberg is stunned to learn that no plans exist on the subject of what is to be done after Hitlers assassination. During a bombing raid on Berlin, he gets the idea of using Operation Valkyrie, the plotters carefully redraft the plans orders so that they can dismantle the Nazi régime after assassinating Hitler. With the rewritten Operation Valkyrie orders needing to be signed by Hitler, at Goerdelers insistence, Stauffenberg is ordered to assassinate both Hitler and SS head Himmler at the Führers command bunker, the Wolfs Lair. At a final briefing, Colonel Mertz von Quirnheim instructs the members in the use of pencil detonators. Stauffenberg also persuades General Fellgiebel, who controls all communications at Wolfs Lair, meanwhile, the Reserve Army is mobilized by Olbricht, unbeknownst to Fromm, to stand by. With no action taken, Stauffenberg safely extracts himself and the bomb from the bunker, when Goerdeler demands that Stauffenberg be relieved, Beck informs him that the SS has issued a warrant for his arrest, and that he must leave the country immediately. On July 20,1944, Stauffenberg and his adjutant Lieutenant Haeften return to Wolfs Lair, while his adjutant waits with the car, Stauffenberg places the briefcase with the bomb armed at the meeting as close to Hitler as possible. Stauffenberg then leaves the barrack, returning to the car, however, one of the officers at the meeting moves the bomb behind a table leg, which will inadvertently protect Hitler from most of the blast. When the bomb explodes, Stauffenberg is certain that Hitler is dead, before shutting down communications, Fellgiebel calls Mertz about the explosion but cannot clearly convey whether or not Hitler is dead
Valkyrie (film)
–
Theatrical poster
Valkyrie (film)
–
German World War II Colonel Von Stauffenberg (left) and actor Tom Cruise (right). Cruise was attracted to the role based on the resemblance of his profile to the colonel's.
Valkyrie (film)
–
Bendlerblock, where the conspirators were executed in real life, was originally denied as a filming location for Valkyrie
Valkyrie (film)
–
A masked protester with a sign saying "Tom Cruise Cult Hero" at the London premiere is confronted by an unidentified woman who attempts to forcibly wrestle the sign from her grasp.
44.
Burke and Hare (2010 film)
–
Burke & Hare is a 2010 British black comedy film, loosely based on the Burke and Hare murders. Directed by John Landis, the film stars Simon Pegg and Andy Serkis as William Burke and it was Landiss first feature film release in 12 years, the last being 1998s Susans Plan. The film was released in the United Kingdom on 29 October 2010, narration by Angus the Hangman explains how the corpses of the hanged are transported to Dr Robert Knox for dissection. Knoxs rival, Dr Alexander Monro, wants the steady supply of cadavers but is forced to rely on severed limbs for dissection, monros assistant Charles Darwin arrives with a forged letter directing that all corpses thenceforth must be sent to Monro. Angus tells Knoxs assistant, Patterson, the news, Patterson delivers the message to Knox. William Burke and William Hare, immigrants from Ulster, attempt to sell cheese mould as a patent medicine, when their fraud is discovered, they flee to an inn owned by Hares wife, Lucky. She tells them one of the lodgers has died. Burke and Hare decide to sell the corpse to Knox and they are forced to break the corpses spine to fit it into a barrel in order to smuggle it through the city. They stop at a pub along the way, where a former prostitute, Ginny Hawkins. Burke asks her why she did this, and she says that it is her ambition to become an actress and they share a drink, Hare reminds Burke that they must continue to Knoxs house. Burke and Hare present the now-mangled corpse to Knox, after some negotiation, Knox agrees to pay them a good sum of money for each corpse they bring him for dissection. Burke plans to use his money to finance Ginnys theatrical ambitions, returning to the inn, they find Lucky drunk and barely conscious. Lucky says she is drinking because Joseph, another lodger at the inn, is near death, not willing to wait for the outcome, Burke and Hare suffocate Joseph and take the body to Knox. Afterward, Burke tells Ginny about the money and she allows him to take her home. Hare meets Fergus, the henchman of villain Danny McTavish, at a bar, Fergus says that McTavish uses him to cheat at games of chance, but keeps all the winnings for himself. Hare details the arrangement with Knox, Fergus relays the information to McTavish. Burke is kidnapped from Ginnys side and bundled into a carriage by McTavish and Fergus. McTavish threatens to kill unless they give him half the money from Knox
Burke and Hare (2010 film)
–
UK release poster
45.
John Landis
–
John David Landis is an American film director, screenwriter, actor, and producer. He is known for his films, his horror films. He directed National Lampoons Animal House, An American Werewolf in London, Trading Places, Michael Jacksons music video Thriller, The Blues Brothers, and Beverly Hills Cop III. Landis was born into a Jewish family in Chicago, Illinois, the son of Shirley Levine and Marshall Landis, Landis and his parents relocated to Los Angeles when he was four months old. Though spending his childhood in California, Landis still refers to Chicago as his hometown, and is a big fan of the Chicago White Sox baseball team. When Landis was a boy, he watched The 7th Voyage of Sinbad which inspired him to become a director, I had complete suspension of disbelief—really, I was eight years old. I was on that beach running from that dragon, fighting that Cyclops and it just really dazzled me, and I bought it completely. And so, I actually sat through it twice and when I got home, I asked my mom, Landis began his film career working as a mailboy at 20th Century Fox. He worked as a go-fer and then as an assistant director during filming MGMs Kellys Heroes in Yugoslavia in 1969, he replaced the original assistant director. During that time Landis became acquainted with actors Don Rickles and Donald Sutherland, following Kellys Heroes, Landis worked on several films that were shot in Europe, including Once Upon a Time in the West, El Condor and A Town Called Bastard. Landis also worked as a stunt double, Landis made his feature debut in 1971 as a director in the US with Schlock. The film, which he wrote and appeared in, is a tribute to monster movies. The gorilla suit for the film was made by Rick Baker—the beginning of a collaboration between Landis and Baker. Schlock was a failure, and Landis was not offered another directing job for some time, in 1977, Landis directed Kentucky Fried Movie. The film was inspired by the sketch comedy of shows like Monty Python, Free the Army, The National Lampoon Radio Hour. In 1978 Landis directed his first film for Universal Studios, National Lampoons Animal House, in 1980 he co-wrote and directed The Blues Brothers, a comedy starring John Belushi and Dan Aykroyd. It featured musical numbers by R&B and soul legends James Brown, Cab Calloway, Aretha Franklin, Ray Charles and it was, at the time, one of the most expensive films ever made, costing almost $30 million. It is speculated that Spielberg and Landis engaged in a rivalry, the rivalry might have been a friendly one, as Spielberg makes a cameo appearance in Blues Brothers and Landis had made a cameo in 1941 as a messenger
John Landis
–
John Landis at The Blues Brothers 25th Anniversary
46.
CIA
–
As one of the principal members of the U. S. Intelligence Community, the CIA reports to the Director of National Intelligence and is focused on providing intelligence for the President. Though it is not the only U. S. government agency specializing in HUMINT and it exerts foreign political influence through its tactical divisions, such as the Special Activities Division. Despite transferring some of its powers to the DNI, the CIA has grown in size as a result of the September 11 attacks. In 2013, The Washington Post reported that in fiscal year 2010, the CIA has increasingly expanded its roles, including covert paramilitary operations. One of its largest divisions, the Information Operations Center, has shifted focus from counter-terrorism to offensive cyber-operations, when the CIA was created, its purpose was to create a clearinghouse for foreign policy intelligence and analysis. Today its primary purpose is to collect, analyze, evaluate, and disseminate foreign intelligence, warning/informing American leaders of important overseas events, with Pakistan described as an intractable target. Counterintelligence, with China, Russia, Iran, Cuba, the Executive Office also supports the U. S. military by providing it with information it gathers, receiving information from military intelligence organizations, and cooperates on field activities. The Executive Director is in charge of the day to day operation of the CIA, each branch of the military service has its own Director. The Directorate has four regional groups, six groups for transnational issues. There is a dedicated to Iraq, regional analytical offices covering the Near East and South Asia, Russia and Europe, and the Asian Pacific, Latin American. The Directorate of Operations is responsible for collecting intelligence. The name reflects its role as the coordinator of intelligence activities between other elements of the wider U. S. intelligence community with their own HUMINT operations. This Directorate was created in an attempt to end years of rivalry over influence, philosophy, in spite of this, the Department of Defense recently organized its own global clandestine intelligence service, the Defense Clandestine Service, under the Defense Intelligence Agency. This Directorate is known to be organized by regions and issues. The Directorate of Science & Technology was established to research, create, many of its innovations were transferred to other intelligence organizations, or, as they became more overt, to the military services. For example, the development of the U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft was done in cooperation with the United States Air Force, the U-2s original mission was clandestine imagery intelligence over denied areas such as the Soviet Union. It was subsequently provided with signals intelligence and measurement and signature intelligence capabilities, subsequently, NPIC was transferred to the National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency
CIA
–
John Brennan, the current
director of the Central Intelligence Agency
CIA
–
Seal of the Central Intelligence Agency
CIA
–
Aerial view of the Central Intelligence Agency headquarters,
Langley, Virginia
CIA
–
The 111 stars on the
CIA Memorial Wall in the original CIA headquarters, each representing a CIA officer killed in action.
47.
Roman Polanski
–
Rajmund Roman Thierry Polański is a French-Polish film director, producer, writer, and actor. Born in Paris, his Polish-Jewish parents moved the back to Poland in 1937. Poland was invaded by Nazi Germany a few later, in 1939. Polanskis first feature-length film, Knife in the Water, made in Poland, was nominated for a United States Academy Award for Best Foreign Language Film. He has since received five more Oscar nominations, along with two BAFTAs, four Césars, a Golden Globe Award and the Palme dOr of the Cannes Film Festival in France, in the United Kingdom he directed three films, beginning with Repulsion. In 1968 he moved to the United States and cemented his status by directing the horror film Rosemarys Baby. A turning point in his life took place in 1969, when his pregnant wife, Sharon Tate, following her death, Polanski returned to Europe and eventually continued directing. He made Macbeth in England and back in Hollywood, Chinatown, in 1977, Polanski was arrested and charged with the rape of a 13-year-old model during a photo session. He subsequently pled guilty to the charge of statutory rape and he was released from prison after serving 42 days, and as part of an apparent plea bargain, was to be put on probation. When he learned that the judge changed his mind and planned to reject the plea bargain, in Europe, Polanski continued to make films, including Tess, starring aspiring actress, Nastassja Kinski. It won Frances César Awards for Best Picture and Best Director and he later produced and directed The Pianist, starring Adrien Brody, in a World War II true story drama about a Jewish-Polish musician. The film won three Academy Awards including Best Director, along with numerous international awards and he also directed Oliver Twist, a story which parallels his own life as a young boy attempting to triumph over adversity. Polanski was born in Paris, the son of Bula and Ryszard Polański, a painter and manufacturer of sculptures and his mother had a daughter, Annette, by her previous husband. Annette managed to survive Auschwitz, where her mother died, Polańskis father was Jewish and originally from Poland, Polańskis mother, born in Russia, had been raised Roman Catholic and was of half-Jewish ancestry. Polański, influenced by his education in the Peoples Republic of Poland, said Im an atheist in an interview about his film, Rosemarys Baby. The Polański family moved back to the Polish city of Kraków in 1936, Kraków was soon occupied by the German forces, and Nazi racial purity laws made the Polańskis targets of persecution, forcing them into the Kraków Ghetto, along with thousands of the citys Jews. Around the age of six, he attended school for only a few weeks, until all the Jewish children were abruptly expelled. That initiative was followed by requiring all Jewish children over the age of twelve to wear white armbands with a blue Star of David imprinted for visual identification
Roman Polanski
–
Polanski at the
2013 Cannes Film Festival
Roman Polanski
–
Jews during the Warsaw uprising
Roman Polanski
–
Polanski's star on the
Łódź walk of fame
Roman Polanski
–
Polanski with wife
Emmanuelle Seigner at the
1992 Cannes Film Festival.
48.
The Ghost Writer (film)
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The Ghost Writer is a 2010 Franco-German-British political thriller film directed by Roman Polanski. The film is an adaptation of a Robert Harris novel, The Ghost, with the written by Polanski. It stars Ewan McGregor, Pierce Brosnan, Kim Cattrall and Olivia Williams, the film won numerous cinematic awards including Best Director for Polanski at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival and also at the 23rd European Film Awards in 2010. A British ghostwriter is hired by the publishing firm Rhinehart, Inc. to complete the autobiography of former Prime Minister Adam Lang and his predecessor and Langs aide, Mike McAra, has recently died in an apparent drowning accident. The writer travels to Old Haven on Marthas Vineyard, Massachusetts, Amelia forbids the writer from taking McAras manuscript outside, emphasizing that it is a security risk. Lang faces prosecution by the International Criminal Court unless he stays in the U. S, while Lang is in Washington, the writer finds items in McAras room suggesting he might have stumbled across a dark secret. Among them is an envelope containing photographs and a number the writer discovers is Rycarts. During a bike ride, the writer encounters an old man who tells him the current couldnt have taken McAras body from the ferry where he disappeared to the beach where it was discovered. He also reveals a neighbour saw flashlights on the beach the night McAra died, later, Ruth admits to the writer Lang had never been very political, and until recently always took her advice. When he tells her the old story, she suddenly rushes out into the rainy night to clear her head. Upon returning, she reveals Lang and McAra had argued the night before the death. The next morning, the writer takes the BMW X5 McAra used on his last journey, unable to cancel the pre-programmed directions on the cars sat-nav, he decides to follow them. He arrives in Belmont at the home of Professor Paul Emmett, when the writer tells Emmett the sat-nav proves McAra visited him the night he died, Emmett denies meeting McAra and becomes evasive. The writer leaves, and successfully eludes a car that is pursuing him and he boards the ferry back to Marthas Vineyard, but when he sees the pursuit car drive aboard, he flees the boat at the last moment and checks into a small motel by the ferry dock. With no one else to turn to, the writer redials Rycarts number, while waiting, the writer does research on Emmett and links his think tank to a military contractor. He also finds leads connecting Emmett to the CIA, Rycart further claims that McAra found new evidence, which he wrote about in the beginning of the manuscript. The men cannot, however, find anything in the early pages, the writer discusses Emmetts relationship with Lang, while Rycart recounts how Langs decisions as Prime Minister uniformly benefited U. S. interests. When the writer is summoned to accompany Lang on his flight by private jet, he confronts Lang
The Ghost Writer (film)
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US film poster
49.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Joseph Patrick Joe Kennedy Sr. was an American businessman, investor, and politician known for his high-profile positions in United States politics. Kennedy was married to Rose Kennedy, three of their nine children attained distinguished political positions, President John F. Kennedy, Attorney General and Senator Robert F. Kennedy, and longtime Senator Edward M. Ted Kennedy. He was a member of the Democratic Party and of the Irish Catholic community. He was appointed by President Franklin D. Roosevelt to be the first chairman of the U. S. Securities and Exchange Commission, and later directed the Maritime Commission. Kennedy served as the United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom from 1938 until late 1940, in the 1920s Kennedy made huge profits from reorganizing and refinancing several Hollywood studios, ultimately merging several acquisitions into Radio-Keith-Orpheum studios. His company, Somerset Importers, became the exclusive American agent for Gordons Gin, in addition, Kennedy purchased spirits-importation rights from Schenley Industries, a firm in Canada. He owned the largest office building in the country, Chicagos Merchandise Mart, giving his family an important base in that city, Kennedy allowed surgeons to perform a lobotomy on his daughter Rosemary Kennedy in 1941. Various reasons for the operation have been given, but it left her permanently incapacitated, Kennedy resigned under pressure shortly afterwards. In later years, Kennedy worked behind the scenes to continue building the financial and political fortunes of the Kennedy family, after a disabling stroke in 1961, Kennedy developed aphasia and lost all power of speech, but remained mentally intact. He was confined to a wheelchair until his death in 1969, Joseph Patrick Kennedy was born in Boston, Massachusetts. He was the son of businessman and politician Patrick Joseph P. J. Kennedy. He had a younger brother Francis, and two sisters, Mary and Margaret. All four of Joes grandparents had immigrated to Massachusetts in the 1840s to escape the Irish famine and he was born into a highly sectarian society, where Irish Catholics were excluded by upper-class Boston Brahmins. Boston Irish thus became active in the Democratic Party, which included P. J. P. J. Kennedy followed in the footsteps of older cousins by attending Harvard College. He focused on becoming a leader, working energetically to gain admittance to the prestigious Hasty Pudding Club. While at Harvard he joined the Delta Upsilon International fraternity and played on the baseball team, in 1937, he received an honorary degree in Doctor of Laws from Oglethorpe University. On October 7,1914, Kennedy married Rose Elizabeth Fitzgerald, honey Fitz Fitzgerald and Mary Josephine Josie Hannon. The marriage joined two of the citys most prominent political families, as Kennedys business success expanded, he and his family kept homes in the Boston area, suburban New York City, Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, and Palm Beach, Florida
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Joseph P. Kennedy, Sr.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Kennedy yearbook photo from Boston Latin School
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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Rose (shown with Joe Jr.) married Joe Sr. after college.
Joseph P. Kennedy Sr.
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The family at their home in
Hyannis Port, Massachusetts, 1931. Rosemary Kennedy is seated on the far right.
50.
The Kennedys (miniseries)
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The Kennedys is a Canadian-American television miniseries chronicling the lives of the Kennedy family, including key triumphs and tragedies it has experienced. It stars Greg Kinnear, Barry Pepper, Katie Holmes, and Tom Wilkinson among others, the series premiered in the United States in April 2011 on ReelzChannel and on History Television in Canada. Greg Kinnear as John F. Jack Kennedy Barry Pepper as Robert F, on February 16,2010 the website stopkennedysmears. com was registered by filmmaker Robert Greenwald as part of the critical response to The Kennedys. Ted Sorensen, former writer for John F. Kennedy. At the time of all of this criticism, the miniseries had not even been cast. In an interview published in The Los Angeles Times on June 17,2010, Joel Surnow addressed the complaints, saying and it was way too early for them to comment on it. However, as the British newspaper The Daily Telegraph put it, With Greg Kinnear as Mr Kennedy, Katie Holmes as his First Lady, now, it is widely considered a disaster on the eve of its airing on the ReelzChannel beginning on Sunday. The History Channel decided to drop the series from its schedule in January, there then followed a humiliating and very public quest to find another channel that would air it. Casting the main roles was announced on April 29,2010 by director Cassar via his Twitter account, the miniseries was filmed in Toronto, Canada between June and September 2010, and was produced by Canadian independent studio Muse Entertainment Enterprises and Joel Surnows production company. The Kennedys is the first original scripted series made for History Television, the budget for The Kennedys was $25 million though reports later described it as a $30 million production. The miniseries was written by Stephen Kronish, who previously worked with Surnow. Historians associated with the production were Steven M. Gillon, author of the book The Kennedy Assassination –24 Hours After, and Robert Dallek. On December 16,2010, Shaw Media announced that there would be a screening of the miniseries to be held on March 3,2011 in Toronto. The miniseries had been scheduled on History in two-hour segments at 9,00 pm beginning on March 6,2011 and continuing for three subsequent Sundays. John Doyle, television critic for The Globe and Mail reported on January 26,2011 that The Kennedys will be shown on History Television starting on March 9,2011. On February 1,2011 Shaw Media announced its schedule for the miniseries. On January 7,2011, the cable channel History announced that it would not show The Kennedys in the United States, furthermore, our Errors and Omissions Insurers attorneys reviewed all the scripts and edited episodes – and they have cleared all of the episodes for broadcast. Joel Surnow, the executive producer, attributed the cancellation to pressure exerted by the Kennedys on the board of Historys owners, A&E Television Networks
The Kennedys (miniseries)
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Life
The Kennedys (miniseries)
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Title card from The Kennedys
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