1.
The Reverend
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The Reverend is an honorific style most often placed before the names of Christian clergy and ministers. There are sometimes differences in the way the style is used in different countries, the Reverend is correctly called a style but is often and in some dictionaries called a title, form of address or title of respect. The style is sometimes used by leaders in non-Christian religions such as Judaism and Buddhism. The term is an anglicisation of the Latin reverendus, the originally used in Latin documents in medieval Europe. It is the gerundive or future passive participle of the verb revereri, the Reverend is therefore equivalent to The Honourable or The Venerable. In traditional and formal English usage, both British and American, it is considered incorrect to drop the definite article, the. In practice, however, the is not used in both written and spoken English. When the style is used within a sentence, the is correctly in lower-case, the usual abbreviations for Reverend are Rev. Revd and Revd. The Reverend is traditionally used as a form with first names and surname. Use of the prefix with the surname alone is considered a solecism in traditional usage, in some countries, especially Britain, Anglican clergy are acceptably addressed by the title of their office, such as Vicar, Rector, or Archdeacon. This has traditionally been considered grammatically incorrect on the basis that it is equivalent to referring to a judge as being an honourable or a man as being a mister. It is likewise incorrect to form the plural Reverends, in some churches, especially Protestant churches in the United States, ordained ministers are often addressed as Pastor. Pastor, however, is considered correct in some churches when the minister in question is the head of a church or congregation. Male Christian priests are addressed as Father or, for example. However, in correspondence, such priests are not normally referred to as Father John, Father Smith, or Father John Smith. Father as a title is used for Roman Catholic, Orthodox and Old Catholic priests. In England, however, even Roman Catholic priests were often referred to as Mr until the 20th century except when members of a religious order, Mr is still not incorrect for priests of the Church of England. Some female Anglican or Old Catholic priests use the style The Reverend Mother and are addressed as Mother, the Reverend may be modified to reflect ecclesiastical standing and rank
2.
Queen's Privy Council for Canada
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Those in the council are accorded the use of an honorific style and post-nominal letters, as well as various signifiers of precedence. The quorum for Privy Council meetings is four, as its function is to provide the vehicle for advising the Crown, the members of the QPC are predominantly all living current and former ministers of the Crown. In addition, the justices of Canada and former governors general are appointed. To date, only Prime Minister Paul Martin advised that Parliamentary Secretaries be admitted to the QPC, I will in all things to be treated, debated and resolved in Privy Council, faithfully, honestly and truly declare my mind and my opinion. I shall keep secret all matters committed and revealed to me in this capacity, generally, in all things I shall do as a faithful and true servant ought to do for Her Majesty. Harper, on 15 October 2007, also advised Governor General Michaëlle Jean to appoint Jim Abbott, on occasion, a non-Canadian has been appointed to the QPC. For example, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill was inducted during a visit to Canada on 29 December 1941. Privy councillors are entitled to the style The Honourable or, for the minister, chief justice, or certain other eminent individuals, The Right Honourable. These appointments ended under Lester Pearson, though the style remained in use, limited to only prime ministers. Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King had the Privy Council convene in 1947 to consent to the marriage of Princess Elizabeth to Philip Mountbatten, as per the Royal Marriages Act 1772. The council has assembled in the presence of the sovereign on two occasions, First, at 10,00 am on Thanksgiving Monday of 1957, at the residence in Ottawa. Two years later, the QPC again met before the Queen in Halifax, Nova Scotia, the last formal meeting of the Privy Council was held in 1981 to give formal consent to the marriage of the Prince of Wales to Lady Diana Spencer. There, all gathered were informed of the Princes engagement, nodded their approval, Prince Charles was himself appointed to the council on 18 May 2014
3.
Order of Canada
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The Order of Canada is a Canadian national order, admission into which is the second highest honour for merit in the system of orders, decorations, and medals of Canada. It comes second only to membership in the Order of Merit, membership is accorded to those who exemplify the orders Latin motto, desiderantes meliorem patriam, meaning they desire a better country, a phrase taken from Hebrews 11,16. Appointees to the order are recommended by a board and formally inducted by the governor general or the sovereign. As of October 2016,6,699 people have been appointed to the Order of Canada, including scientists, musicians, politicians, artists, athletes, business people, and film stars, benefactors, and others. Some have resigned or have been removed from the order, while other appointments have been controversial, appointees are presented with insignia and receive the right to armorial bearings. Pearson, who was assisted with the establishment of the order by John Matheson. Laurent, Hugh MacLennan, David Bauer, Gabrielle Roy, Donald Creighton, Thérèse Casgrain, Wilder Penfield, Arthur Lismer, M. J. Coldwell, Edwin Baker, Alex Colville, and Maurice Richard. From the Order of Canada grew a Canadian honours system, thereby reducing the use of British honours, by the 1980s, Canadas provinces began to develop their own distinct honours and decorations. The Canadian monarch, seen as the fount of honour, is at the apex of the Order of Canada as its Sovereign, followed by the governor general, who serves as the fellowships Chancellor. Thereafter follow three grades, which are, in order of precedence, Companion, Officer, and Member, each incumbent governor general is also installed as the Principal Companion for the duration of his or her time in the viceregal post and continues as an extraordinary Companion thereafter. As of March 2016, there have twenty one honorary appointments. There were originally, in effect, only two ranks to the Order of Canada, Companion and the Medal of Service, there was, however, also a third award, the Medal of Courage, meant to recognize acts of gallantry. This latter decoration fell in rank between the two levels, but was anomalous within the Order of Canada, being a separate award of a different nature rather than a middle grade of the order. Lester Pearsons vision of a structure to the order was thus fulfilled. Companions of the Order of Canada have demonstrated the highest degree of merit to Canada and humanity, up to 15 Companions are appointed annually, with an imposed limit of 165 living Companions at any given time, not including those appointed as extraordinary Companions or in an honorary capacity. As of October 2015, there are 143 living Companions, none being honorary, since 1994, substantive members are the only regular citizens who are empowered to administer the Canadian Oath of Citizenship. As of October 2015, there were 1,123 living Officers, Members of the Order of Canada have made an exceptional contribution to Canada or Canadians at a local or regional level, group, field or activity. As many as 136 Members may be appointed annually, not including extraordinary Members and those inducted on an honorary basis, as of October 2015, there were 2,225 living Members, none being honorary
4.
New Democratic Party
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The New Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in Canada. Mulcair will remain as leader, until his replacement is chosen at an election to be held in 2017. The NDP was founded in 1961 out of the merger of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation with the Canadian Labour Congress, one provincial wing of the NDP forms government in Alberta. Unlike other political parties in Canada, the federal and provincial level NDPs are fully integrated, following the 1993 federal election the NDP was reduced to fourth place behind the Bloc Québécois, a position it would maintain for most of the next two decades. The NDP then lost 59 seats during the 2015 federal election and fell back to place in Parliament. The NDP evolved in 1961 from a merger of the Canadian Labour Congress, the CCF grew from populist, agrarian and socialist roots into a modern socialist party. Although the CCF was part of the Christian left and the Social Gospel movement and it has broadened to include concerns of the New Left, and advocates issues such as LGBT rights, international peace, and environmental stewardship. It formed the Official Opposition for the first time in the 41st Canadian Parliament, before 2011, the party had been a stable presence in the Canadian parliament, and was the third largest political party from 1961 to 1993, when the party lost official status. The NDPs peak period of influence in those periods was during the minority Liberal governments of Lester B. Pearson. After reattaining official party status in 1997, the NDP played a role in the Liberal. Provincial New Democratic parties, which are sections of the federal party, have governed in six of the ten provinces. The NDP has previously formed the government in the provinces of Manitoba, Ontario, Saskatchewan, British Columbia, Nova Scotia, while members of the party are active municipally, the party does not organize at that level. For example, though former Toronto mayor David Miller was an NDP member during his successful 2003 and 2006 mayoral campaigns, his campaigns were not affiliated with the NDP. In 1958 a joint CCF-CLC committee, the National Committee for the New Party, was formed to create a new political party. The NCNP spent the three years laying down the foundations of the New Party. In 1960, before the NDP was founded, one candidate, Walter Pitman, the influence of organized labour on the party is still reflected in the partys conventions as affiliated trade unions send delegates on a formula based on their number of members. At the 1971 leadership convention, an activist group called The Waffle tried to control of the party. The following year, most of The Waffle split from the NDP, the NDP itself supported the minority government formed by the Pierre Trudeau-led Liberals from 1972 to 1974, although the two parties never entered into a coalition
5.
David Lewis (politician)
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David Lewis, CC QC was a Canadian labour lawyer and social democratic politician. He was national secretary of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation from 1936 to 1950, in 1962, he was elected as the Member of Parliament, in the Canadian House of Commons, for the York South electoral district. While an MP, he was elected the NDPs national leader, after his defeat in the 1974 federal election, he stepped down as leader and retired from politics. He spent his last years as a university professor at Carleton University, in retirement, he was named to the Order of Canada for his political service. After suffering from cancer for a time, he died in Ottawa in 1981. Lewis politics were influenced by the Jewish Labour Bund, which contributed to his support of parliamentary democracy. He was an avowed anti-communist, and while a Rhodes Scholar prevented communist domination of the Oxford University Labour Club, in Canada, he played a major role in removing communist influence from the labour movement. In the CCF, he took the role of disciplinarian and dealt with internal organizational problems and he helped draft the Winnipeg Declaration, which moderated the CCFs economic policies to include acceptance of capitalism, albeit subject to stringent government regulation. As the United Steelworkers of America s legal counsel in Canada, he helped take over the International Union of Mine, Mill. His involvement with the USW also led to a role in the creation of the Canadian Labour Congress in 1956. When David was elected the NDPs national leader in 1971, he, David Losz was born in Russia sometime after Svislochs first snowfall in October 1909 to Moishe Losz and his wife Rose. His official birth date of June 23 was the one he gave the officer when he arrived in Canada. Lewiss political activism began in the shtetl he lived in from 1909 until 1921, Svisloch was located in the Pale of Settlement, the western-most region of the Russian Empire, in what is now Belarus. After World War I it became a Polish border town, occasionally occupied by the Soviet Union during the Polish-Soviet War of the early 1920s, Jewish people were in the majority, numbering 3,500 out of Svislochs 4,500 residents. Unlike many of the shtetls in the Pale, it had an industrial economy based on tanning. Its semi-urban industrial population was receptive to democratic politics and the labour movement. Moishe Losz was Svislochs Bund Chairman, Lewis spent his formative years immersed in its culture and philosophy. The Bunds membership, although mostly ethnically Jewish, was secular humanist in practice, when the Russian Civil War and the Polish-Soviet War were at their fiercest, in the summer of 1920, Poland invaded, and the Red Russian Bolshevik army counter-attacked
6.
Premier of Saskatchewan
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The Premier of Saskatchewan is the first minister for the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. They are the head of government and de facto chief executive. The current Premier of Saskatchewan is Brad Wall, who was sworn in as premier on November 21,2007 after winning the provincial election, the first Premier of Saskatchewan was Thomas Walter Scott, who served from 1905–1916. Since Saskatchewan joined Confederation as a province in 1905,14 individuals have served as premier, although the Premier is the day-to-day leader of the provincial government, they receive the authority to govern from the Crown. Formally, in fact, the branch of government in Saskatchewan is said to be vested in the Lieutenant Governor acting by. The executive branch of the Saskatchewan government consists of the premier, the Lieutenant Governor, the Cabinet, the political party that wins the largest number of seats in a general election is usually invited by the Lieutenant Governor to form the government. The governing partys leader becomes the head of the government and is known as the Premier. The position of the Premier is not described in Canadian constitutional statutes, instead, the position’s power and authority largely depend on their relationship with other Members of the Legislative Assembly, political party, and the public. They serve as President of the Executive Council and head of the provincial Cabinet, the Executive Council is the formal name of the Cabinet when it is acting in its legal capacity, as well as the head of the provincial government. The Premier is a leader concerning the development and implementation of government policies, prime Minister of Canada Premier List of premiers of Saskatchewan Premier of Saskatchewan Official Site
7.
George VI
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George VI was King of the United Kingdom and the Dominions of the British Commonwealth from 11 December 1936 until his death. He was the last Emperor of India and the first Head of the Commonwealth, known as Albert until his accession, George VI was born in the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria, and was named after his great-grandfather Albert, Prince Consort. As the second son of King George V, he was not expected to inherit the throne and spent his life in the shadow of his elder brother. He attended naval college as a teenager, and served in the Royal Navy, in 1920, he was made Duke of York. He married Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon in 1923 and they had two daughters, Elizabeth and Margaret, in the mid-1920s, he had speech therapy for a stammer, which he never fully overcame. Georges elder brother ascended the throne as Edward VIII upon the death of their father in 1936, however, later that year Edward revealed his desire to marry divorced American socialite Wallis Simpson. British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin advised Edward that for political and religious reasons he could not marry a divorced woman, Edward abdicated in order to marry, and George ascended the throne as the third monarch of the House of Windsor. During Georges reign, the break-up of the British Empire and its transition into the Commonwealth of Nations accelerated, the parliament of the Irish Free State removed direct mention of the monarch from the countrys constitution on the day of his accession. The following year, a new Irish constitution changed the name of the state to Ireland, from 1939, the Empire and Commonwealth – except Ireland – was at war with Nazi Germany. War with Italy and Japan followed in 1940 and 1941, respectively, though Britain and its allies were ultimately victorious in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union rose as pre-eminent world powers and the British Empire declined. After the independence of India and Pakistan in 1947, George remained king of countries, but relinquished the title of Emperor of India in June 1948. Ireland formally declared itself a republic and left the Commonwealth in 1949, George adopted the new title of Head of the Commonwealth. He was beset by problems in the later years of his reign. He was succeeded by his eldest daughter, Elizabeth II, George was born at York Cottage, on the Sandringham Estate in Norfolk, during the reign of his great-grandmother Queen Victoria. His father was Prince George, Duke of York, the second and eldest-surviving son of the Prince and his mother was the Duchess of York, the eldest child and only daughter of the Duke and Duchess of Teck. His birthday was the 34th anniversary of the death of his great-grandfather, Albert, uncertain of how the Prince Consorts widow, Queen Victoria, would take the news of the birth, the Prince of Wales wrote to the Duke of York that the Queen had been rather distressed. Two days later, he again, I really think it would gratify her if you yourself proposed the name Albert to her. Consequently, he was baptised Albert Frederick Arthur George at St. Mary Magdalenes Church near Sandringham three months later, within the family, he was known informally as Bertie
8.
Elizabeth II
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Elizabeth II has been Queen of the United Kingdom, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand since 6 February 1952. Elizabeth was born in London as the eldest child of the Duke and Duchess of York, later King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and her father acceded to the throne on the abdication of his brother Edward VIII in 1936, from which time she was the heir presumptive. She began to undertake duties during the Second World War. Elizabeths many historic visits and meetings include a visit to the Republic of Ireland. She has seen major changes, such as devolution in the United Kingdom, Canadian patriation. She has reigned through various wars and conflicts involving many of her realms and she is the worlds oldest reigning monarch as well as Britains longest-lived. In October 2016, she became the longest currently reigning monarch, in 2017 she became the first British monarch to commemorate a Sapphire Jubilee. Elizabeth has occasionally faced republican sentiments and press criticism of the family, however, support for the monarchy remains high. Elizabeth was born at 02,40 on 21 April 1926, during the reign of her paternal grandfather and her father, Prince Albert, Duke of York, was the second son of the King. Her mother, Elizabeth, Duchess of York, was the youngest daughter of Scottish aristocrat Claude Bowes-Lyon, 14th Earl of Strathmore and she was delivered by Caesarean section at her maternal grandfathers London house,17 Bruton Street, Mayfair. Elizabeths only sibling, Princess Margaret, was born in 1930, the two princesses were educated at home under the supervision of their mother and their governess, Marion Crawford, who was casually known as Crawfie. Lessons concentrated on history, language, literature and music, Crawford published a biography of Elizabeth and Margarets childhood years entitled The Little Princesses in 1950, much to the dismay of the royal family. The book describes Elizabeths love of horses and dogs, her orderliness, others echoed such observations, Winston Churchill described Elizabeth when she was two as a character. She has an air of authority and reflectiveness astonishing in an infant and her cousin Margaret Rhodes described her as a jolly little girl, but fundamentally sensible and well-behaved. During her grandfathers reign, Elizabeth was third in the line of succession to the throne, behind her uncle Edward, Prince of Wales, and her father, the Duke of York. Although her birth generated public interest, she was not expected to become queen, many people believed that he would marry and have children of his own. When her grandfather died in 1936 and her uncle succeeded as Edward VIII, she became second-in-line to the throne, later that year, Edward abdicated, after his proposed marriage to divorced socialite Wallis Simpson provoked a constitutional crisis. Consequently, Elizabeths father became king, and she became heir presumptive, if her parents had had a later son, she would have lost her position as first-in-line, as her brother would have been heir apparent and above her in the line of succession
9.
Archibald Peter McNab
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Archibald Peter Archie McNab was the sixth Lieutenant-Governor of Saskatchewan from 1936 until 1945. He was the last lieutenant-governor of the province to live in Government House and he was born in Glengarry County, Ontario, the son of Malcolm McNab and Margaret McCrimmon, and moved to Winnipeg in 1882 with his twin brother before establishing a homestead in Virden, Manitoba. Years of drought forced him to give up farming and in 1887 he became a buyer for Ogilvie Flour Mills. In 1892, McNab married Edith Wilson Todd, in 1902, the company transferred him to Rosthern, Saskatchewan where he invested in two grain elevators. After selling them, he moved to Saskatoon with his wife and children and he also helped found the Saskatchewan Central Railway Company and the Saskatchewan Power Company. He entered politics and was elected to the Saskatchewan legislature in the 1908 general election as a Liberal MLA representing Saskatoon City, in government, he was appointed commissioner of municipal affairs and became Minister of Public Works in 1912. One of his accomplishments was helping acquire the University of Saskatchewan for Saskatoon, in 1922, he was also named Minister of Telephones. McNab retired from the legislature when he was appointed to the government board in 1926 but was forced to resign in 1930 due to allegations of impropriety. In 1936, he was appointed lieutenant-governor, as provincial viceroy he hosted King George VI and Queen Elizabeth at Government House during their 1939 royal visit to Canada. He was moved to the Hotel Saskatchewan, where his successors as Lieutenant-Governor also had their offices, in ill health, he resigned as lieutenant-governor on February 26,1945. He died of two months later. His uncle Archibald McNab was a member of the Canadian House of Commons
10.
Thomas Miller (Saskatchewan)
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Thomas Miller was the shortest serving and seventh Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan and was in office in 1945 for less than four months. Miller was born in Grand Valley, Ontario, while he was a boy, his family moved to Regina, Saskatchewan. From 1892 to 1894, Miller apprenticed with the Regina Standard newspaper, when the proprietors purchased the Moose Jaw Times they put Miller in charge of the printing press. In 1896, he became president and managing editor of the newspaper, Miller presided over victory celebrations in the province following the end of World War II. He died of an attack on June 20,1945
11.
Reginald John Marsden Parker
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Reginald John Marsden Parker was the eighth Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan from 1945 until his death in 1948. Parker was born in Cornwall, England, United Kingdom, the son of John William Parker and he worked as a farmhand before establishing a homestead in Togo in what is now Saskatchewan. He got involved with politics and was elected councilor in the rural municipality of Cote in 1904. He served as reeve from 1906 to 1932, in 1904, Parker married Cecilie Margaret Mapleton. In the 1929 Saskatchewan provincial election, Parker was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan as the Liberal MLA for Pelly and he was re-elected in the 1934 provincial election in which the Liberals took power. Parker was appointed to the cabinet of James Garfield Gardiner as Minister of Municipal Affairs. He served in the portfolio for ten years until the Saskatchewan CCF took power in the 1944 provincial election, Parker was appointed lieutenant governor of the province by federal Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King and was sworn in on June 25,1945. He served until his death almost three years later, Parker, Reginald John Marsden, Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
12.
John Michael Uhrich
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John Michael Uhrich, M. D. was the ninth Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan from 1948 until 1951. Uhrich was born in Formosa, Ontario and received his schooling in Walkerton and was briefly a schoolteacher before earning his degree at Northwestern University in Chicago. During his summer breaks from university he would teach school in Saskatchewan, after graduation, he decided to settle in the province and established his medical practice at Hague, Saskatchewan in 1909. He entered politics and was elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in the 1921 provincial election as the Liberal MLA for Rosthern. Uhrich was appointed to the cabinet in 1922 by Premier Charles Dunning. Under Uhrich the province expanded its role in the system, which had been largely locally run to that point. He also began public inspection of water and milk supplies and immunization programs against diphtheria, in 1929, the government assumed the cost of treating tuberculosis. After being re-elected in the 1925 provincial election the Liberal government was defeated in 1929 and Uhrich, the Liberals returned to power in 1934 and Uhrich again became Minister of Public Health. In 1938, he was given the portfolio of Public Works. He retired from politics in 1944 and was appointed lieutenant governor in 1948 and he died, in office, in 1951. Uhrich, John Michael, Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
13.
William John Patterson
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William John Patterson was a Liberal politician and Premier of Saskatchewan, Canada. He was first elected to the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in the 1921 election and he succeeded James G. Gardiner to become the provinces first Saskatchewan-born premier in 1935. Pattersons leadership was considered to be uninspired and he was unable to resist the Co-operative Commonwealth Federations rise to power in the 1944 election under Tommy Douglas. Pattersons Liberals were reduced to five seats in the Legislature and he resigned as Liberal leader in 1946. Patterson served as the tenth Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan from 1951 to 1958, paterson was born on May 13,1886, in Grenfell in what was then the District of Assiniboia of the North-West Territories. His father, John Patterson, had moved to Grenfell in 1882 to work as a section foreman during the construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway. His mother, Catherine Fraser, was an immigrant from Scotland, Patterson left school at 15 and found work first at a bank and then in the Saskatchewan Department of Telephones. Following the outbreak of World War I, Patterson in 1916 enlisted in the Canadian Army and he was wounded in September 1918. Upon his return to Saskatchewan after the war, he studied law in Grenfell under lawyer G. C. Neff and then moved to Windthorst, Saskatchewan to set up a financial and insurance agency. Patterson ran in the Saskatchewan general election of 1921, as the Saskatchewan Liberal Partys candidate for the constituency of Pipestone, Patterson won the district and took his seat in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan. Patterson held several positions in governments headed by Premier James Garfield Gardiner. He was reelected in the 1925 election and the 1929 election, but in the latter case, in the 1934 election, the Liberals returned to power, and Patterson returned to cabinet. In 1935, Premier Gardiner left provincial politics to become Canadian Minister of Agriculture under Prime Minister William Lyon Mackenzie King, Patterson was elected as Gardiners successor as leader of the Liberal Party of Saskatchewan and Premier of Saskatchewan. Taking office in the midst of the Great Depression, Patterson sought to extend social programs to assist those in need and his government increased funding for education, enacted pension and debt relief legislation, and expanded public funding for treatment of tuberculosis, cancer, and polio. His government also passed legislation making it easier to form unions, permitting the formation of unions. Patterson won re-election in the 1938 election and continued to serve as premier, in the 1944 election, however, the Liberals were easily defeated by the Saskatchewan Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, under the leadership of Tommy Douglas. Patterson served as Leader of the Opposition until 1946, when he resigned as Liberal leader, following his resignation, Patterson took up a position with the federal Board of Transport Commissioners. In 1951, Patterson was appointed as the first Saskatchewan-born Lieutenant Governor and he served in this post until 1958
14.
Woodrow Lloyd
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Woodrow Stanley Lloyd was a Canadian politician and educator. Born in Saskatchewan in 1913, and became a teacher in the early 1930s and he worked as a teacher and school principal until 1944, and was involved with the provinces Teachers Federation, eventually becoming its president. He was first elected as a Member of the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan in 1944 and he served as Education Minister and then Treasurer in Tommy Douglass Co-operative Commonwealth Federation government between 1944 and 1961. He succeeded Douglas as Saskatchewan Premier in late 1961, Lloyd is best remembered as the man who piloted Canadas first Medicare program from legislation to implementation in 1962, and overcoming that summers doctors strike to enable it to continue. He was defeated in the 1964 Saskatchewan general election and served the next six-years as the Leader of the Official Opposition and he stepped down as the New Democratic Partys leader in 1970, and from the Legislature in 1971. He was appointed to a United Nations post in South Korea, born in Webb, Saskatchewan on July 16,1913. He initially studied engineering, but due to the Great Depression, switched his studies to teaching and he started teaching school that year, and eventually became a school principal in the early 1940s at Stewart Valley, Vanguard and Biggar. He was also active in the Saskatchewan Teachers Federation and held positions in the organization including the presidency from 1940 to 1944. He also served in the University of Saskatchewans Senate, and was the president of the Saskatchewan Educational Conference in the early 1940s. In 1944, Woodrow Lloyd was elected to the Saskatchewan Legislature as the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation member for the constituency of Biggar, a seat he held until his retirement in 1971. Lloyd would become the youngest cabinet minister in Saskatchewan history, up to that point, Lloyd served as Minister of Education for the next sixteen years and oversaw the complete overhaul of the Saskatchewan education system. The most controversial measure he introduced was the amalgamation of over 5000 of Saskatchewans local school boards into 56 larger school units in 1944–1945, after the 1960 election Douglas appointed Lloyd the Provincial Treasurer. In 1961 Douglas resigned as Premier to assume the leadership of the newly formed federal New Democratic Party, Lloyd was elected leader of what was now called the Saskatchewan CCF-NDP after he easily defeated Olaf Turnbull in the leadership contest. As Premier, Lloyd was responsible for implementing the universal health plan that Douglas had introduced. Lloyds government had to cope with the July 1962 Saskatchewan doctors strike, Lloyd and his government refused to back down on the concept of a universal public health care system, and persuaded the doctors to settle after 23 days. Medicare was later extended to all provinces and territories in Canada as a result of the Saskatchewan experiment, after his government’s defeat Lloyd became Leader of the Opposition a post he held until 1970 when Allan Blakeney was elected leader of the Saskatchewan NDP. On his retirement, Douglas gave him the ultimate complement, saying that Lloyd was the conscious of the government, after retirement from the Saskatchewan Legislature in 1971, Lloyd was appointed as representative for the United Nations Development Program in South Korea. However just months after assuming this post, he died suddenly in Seoul, Dream No Little Dream, A Biography of the Douglas Government of Saskatchewan, 1944–1961
15.
House of Commons of Canada
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The House of Commons of Canada is a component of the Parliament of Canada, along with the Sovereign and the Senate. The House of Commons chamber is located in the Centre Block of the Parliament Buildings on Parliament Hill in Ottawa, the House of Commons is a democratically elected body whose members are known as Members of Parliament. There were 308 members in the last Parliament, but that number has risen to 338 following the election on Monday October 19,2015, Members are elected by simple plurality in each of the countrys electoral districts, which are colloquially known as ridings. MPs may hold office until Parliament is dissolved and serve for constitutionally limited terms of up to five years after an election, historically however, terms have ended before their expiry and the sitting government has typically dissolved parliament within four years of an election according to a long-standing convention. In any case, an Act of Parliament now limits each term to four years, seats in the House of Commons are distributed roughly in proportion to the population of each province and territory. However, some ridings are more populous than others, and the Canadian constitution contains some provisions regarding provincial representation. As a result, there is some interprovincial and regional malapportionment relative to population, the lower of the two houses making up the parliament, the House of Commons in practice holds far more power than the upper house, the Senate. Although the approval of both Houses is necessary for legislation, the Senate very rarely rejects bills passed by the Commons, moreover, the Government of Canada is responsible solely to the House of Commons. The Prime Minister stays in office only as long as he or she retains the support, or confidence, the term derives from the Anglo-Norman word communes, referring to the geographic and collective communities of their parliamentary representatives and not the third estate, the commonality. This distinction is clear in the official French name of the body. Canada and the United Kingdom remain the only countries to use the name House of Commons for a house of parliament. The new Parliament of Canada consisted of the Queen, the Senate, the Parliament of Canada was based on the Westminster model. Unlike the Parliament of the United Kingdom, the powers of the Parliament of Canada were limited in that other powers were assigned exclusively to the provincial legislatures, the Parliament of Canada also remained subordinate to the British Parliament, the supreme legislative authority for the entire British Empire. Greater autonomy was granted by the Statute of Westminster 1931, after which new Acts of the British Parliament did not apply to Canada and these exceptions were removed by the Canada Act 1982. From 1867, the Commons met in the chamber until that was destroyed by fire in 1916. It relocated to the amphitheatre of the Victoria Memorial Museum—what is today the Canadian Museum of Nature, since then, the Commons has sat in its current chamber. The House of Commons comprises 338 members, each of whom represents a electoral district. The constitution specifies a minimum of 295 electoral districts
16.
Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan
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The Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan is one of two components of the Legislature of Saskatchewan, the other being the Lieutenant Governor of Saskatchewan. The Legislature has been unicameral since its establishment, there has never been an upper house. The Legislature meets at the Saskatchewan Legislative Building in Regina, there are 61 ridings in the province which elect MLAs to the Legislative Assembly. All are single-member districts, though the cities of Regina, Saskatoon, the current party standings in the legislature are as follows, Member in bold italic is the Premier of Saskatchewan. Members in bold are in the Cabinet of Saskatchewan, members in italic are Legislative Secretaries to Cabinet Ministers. † Speaker of the Assembly For current cabinet see Executive Council of Saskatchewan, in September 2013 the Legislature established the position of Usher of the Black Rod. Their role is similar to the one for the Senate of Canada. Rick Mantey was the first person to hold the office, the current Usher of the Black Rod, as of 2014, is Ben Walsh. The Black Rod was made by Scott Olson Goldsmith of Regina
17.
Weyburn-Big Muddy
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Weyburn-Big Muddy is a provincial electoral district for the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Canada. Located in southeastern Saskatchewan, the constituency was created through the Representation Act,1994 by combining most of the Weyburn district with part of Bengough-Milestone, the Weyburn riding was once represented by former CCF Premier, and federal NDP leader, Tommy Douglas. The largest centre in the constituency is the city of Weyburn, smaller communities in the district include the towns of Willow Bunch, Coronach, Ogema and Bengough, and the villages of Minton, Pangman and Mctaggart. In February 2006, the seat became vacant when the current member. On May 19,2006, Premier Calvert announced a by-election for the seat, the candidates were, Graham Mickleborough raised on a family farm in the Rose Plain district of Saskatchewan, was the candidate running for the NDP. He lives and works in Weyburn as the government appointed CEO, dustin Duncan, born and raised in Weyburn, was the Saskatchewan Party candidate. He resided in Regina and worked in the SP legislative caucus office prior to the by-election, Liberal leader David Karwacki who was raised in Saskatoon and was the Liberal Party candidate. David is an entrepreneur and founder of Star Produce Ltd, the Liberal Party was able to gain more support than the NDP, although that may well have been due to the candidacy of their leader. Compared to typical Saskatchewan by-elections, voter turnout was high
18.
Camelon
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Camelon is a large settlement within the Falkirk council area, Scotland. The village is in the Forth Valley,1.3 miles west of Falkirk,1.3 miles south of Larbert and 2.6 miles east of Bonnybridge, the main road through Camelon is the A803 road which links the village to Falkirk. At the time of the 2001 census, Camelon had a population of 4,508. Camelon was the site of a flight of locks which joined the Union Canal with the Forth and Clyde Canal, this was replaced in 2002 with the Falkirk Wheel, Camelon is the site of a series of Roman fortifications on the Antonine Wall. Mariners Day is an annual children fayre held on the second Saturday in June and it includes a parade, crowning ceremony of the Queen along with fun and games for the children of Camelon. Camelon has good access for a village of its size with Camelon railway station lying on the Cumbernauld Line, next to the station there are amenities including the Mariner Leisure Centre. The main road through Camelon is the A803 road which provides access to Falkirk, Camelon is home to the junior football club Camelon Juniors, founded in 1920 and currently compete in the East Region Super League. List of places in Falkirk council area Falkirk Local History Society page on Camelon Gazetteer for Scotland webpage on Camelon Fire pits in Camelon
19.
Falkirk
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Falkirk is a large town in the Central Lowlands of Scotland, historically within the county of Stirlingshire. It lies in the Forth Valley,23.3 miles north-west of Edinburgh and 20.5 miles north-east of Glasgow, Falkirk had a resident population of 32,422 at the 2001 census. The population of the town had risen to 34,570 according to a 2008 estimate, the town is at the junction of the Forth and Clyde and Union Canals, a location which proved key to its growth as a centre of heavy industry during the Industrial Revolution. In the 18th and 19th centuries Falkirk was at the centre of the iron and steel industry, the company was responsible for making carronades for the Royal Navy and later manufactured pillar boxes. In the last 50 years heavy industry has waned, and the economy relies increasingly on retail, despite this, Falkirk remains the home of many international companies like Alexander Dennis, the largest bus production company in the United Kingdom. Falkirk has an association with the publishing industry. The company now known as Johnston Press was established in the town in 1846, the company, now based in Edinburgh, produces the Falkirk Herald, the largest selling weekly newspaper in Scotland. Attractions in and around Falkirk include the Falkirk Wheel, The Helix, Callendar House and Park, in a 2011 poll conducted by STV, it was voted as Scotlands most beautiful town, ahead of Perth and Stirling in 2nd and 3rd place respectively. The Scottish Gaelic name was translated into Scots as Fawkirk, then amended to the modern English name of Falkirk. The Latin name Varia Capella also has the same meaning, Falkirk Old Parish Church stands on the site of the medieval church, which may have been founded as early as the 7th century. The Antonine Wall, which stretches across the centre of Scotland, passed through the town and remnants of it can be seen at Callendar Park. Much of the best evidence of Roman occupation in Scotland has been found in Falkirk, including a hoard of Roman coins. In the 18th century the area was the cradle of Scotlandss Industrial Revolution, james Watt cast some of the beams for his early steam engine designs at the Carron Iron Works in 1765. The area was at the forefront of construction when the Forth. The Union Canal provided a link to Edinburgh and early railway development followed in the 1830s and 1840s, the canals brought economic wealth to Falkirk and led to the towns growth. Through time, trunk roads and motorways followed the same canal corridors through the Falkirk area, many companies set up work in Falkirk due to its expansion. A large brickworks was set up at this time, owned by the Howie family. During the 19th century, Falkirk became the first town in Great Britain to have an automated system of street lighting, designed and implemented by a local firm
20.
Ottawa
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Ottawa is the capital city of Canada. It stands on the bank of the Ottawa River in the eastern portion of southern Ontario. Ottawa borders Gatineau, Quebec, the two form the core of the Ottawa–Gatineau census metropolitan area and the National Capital Region. The 2016 census reported a population of 934,243, making it the fourth-largest city in Canada, the City of Ottawa reported that the city had an estimated population of 960,754 as of December 2015. Founded in 1826 as Bytown, and incorporated as Ottawa in 1855, the city name Ottawa was chosen in reference to the Ottawa River nearby, the name of which is derived from the Algonquin Odawa, meaning to trade. The city is the most educated in Canada, and is home to a number of post-secondary, research, and cultural institutions, including the National Arts Centre, Ottawa also has the highest standard of living in the nation and low unemployment. It ranked second out of 150 worldwide in the Numbeo quality of life index 2014–2015, with the draining of the Champlain Sea around ten thousand years ago the Ottawa Valley became habitable. The area was used for wild harvesting, hunting, fishing, trade, travel. The Ottawa river valley has archaeological sites with arrow heads, pottery, the area has three major rivers that meet, making it an important trade and travel area for thousands of years. The Algonquins called the Ottawa River Kichi Sibi or Kichissippi meaning Great River or Grand River, Étienne Brûlé, the first European to travel up the Ottawa River, passed by Ottawa in 1610 on his way to the Great Lakes. Three years later, Samuel de Champlain wrote about the waterfalls of the area and about his encounters with the Algonquins, the early explorers and traders were later followed by many missionaries. The first maps of the area used the word Ottawa to name the river, philemon Wright, a New Englander, created the first settlement in the area on 7 March 1800 on the north side of the river, across from Ottawa in Hull. He, with five other families and twenty-five labourers, set about to create a community called Wrightsville. Wright pioneered the Ottawa Valley timber trade by transporting timber by river from the Ottawa Valley to Quebec City, the following year, the town would soon be named after British military engineer Colonel John By who was responsible for the entire Rideau Waterway construction project. Colonel By set up military barracks on the site of todays Parliament Hill and he also laid out the streets of the town and created two distinct neighbourhoods named Upper Town west of the canal and Lower Town east of the canal. Similar to its Upper Canada and Lower Canada namesakes, historically Upper Town was predominantly English speaking and Protestant whereas Lower Town was predominantly French, Irish, bytowns population grew to 1,000 as the Rideau Canal was being completed in 1832. In 1855 Bytown was renamed Ottawa and incorporated as a city, William Pittman Lett was installed as the first city clerk guiding it through 36 years of development. On New Years Eve 1857, Queen Victoria, as a symbolic, in reality, Prime Minister John A. Macdonald had assigned this selection process to the Executive Branch of the Government, as previous attempts to arrive at a consensus had ended in deadlock
21.
Beechwood Cemetery
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Beechwood Cemetery, located in Ottawa, Ontario, is the National Cemetery of Canada. In addition to being Canadas National Cemetery, it is also the National Military Cemetery of Canada, a woodland cemetery founded in 1873, it is 64.7 hectares and is the largest cemetery in the city of Ottawa. It was designated as a National Historic Site of Canada in 2001, the cemetery has served as the National Military Cemetery of Canada since 2001 and has served since 2004 as the Royal Canadian Mounted Police National Memorial Cemetery. Her Excellency, the Right Honourable Michaëlle Jean, Governor General and Commander-in-Chief of Canada, pipe Major Sgt Tom Brown is the on call piper for the National Military Cemetery at Beechwood where he can perform up to a dozen outdoor funerals a year. When new colours are received or a unit is disbanded, colours are treated with utmost respect to service and are never destroyed. After being carried on parade for the last time, the party presents the colours prior to the ceremony in which they are laid up for safekeeping in the Hall of Colours. Designed by Robertson Martin Architects, the Hall of Colours features a stained glass window featuring an oak tree in leaf honouring Canadian military chaplains. The Hall of Colours was supported by a donation of $50,000 from Dominion Command of The Royal Canadian Legion, the retired colours of Canadas army, air force and naval regiments are mounted at ceiling level in the Hall of Colours in the National Memorial Centre. The first monument in the cemetery was erected by members of the 2nd Ottawa Field Battery in the 1870s, the sculptured sandstone cairn is dedicated to the memory of their former commanding officer, Lieutenant-Colonel John B. Erected in the 1870s by members of the 2nd Ottawa Field Battery, the cemetery inspired a classic Canadian poem In Beechwood Cemetery by Archibald Lampman with its memorable final line, They know no season but the end of time. Moses Chamberlain Edey designed the entrance gates in 1891. The Commonwealth War Graves Commission is responsible for the graves of 98 Commonwealth service personnel of World War I and 113 of World War II, noted for its Neo-Gothic architecture, the mausoleum at Beechwood was built in the early 1930s. The building was built by a separate from the cemetery. After a few years of operation, in a time of depression and financial difficulties, the building features stained glass windows designed by noted stained glass artist James Blomfield. This was done to serve as an important symbol of Canadian unity and pride, the bill was passed on March 6. The bill received Royal Assent on April 23,2009, a full list of notable individuals buried at Beechwood can be found on the cemeterys website. List of national cemeteries by country Bibliography Beechwood Cemetery Web site Cemetery Details, Beechwood Cemetery at Find a Grave Beechwood National Military Cemetery at Find a Grave
22.
Co-operative Commonwealth Federation
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The Co-operative Commonwealth Federation was a social-democratic and democratic socialist political party in Canada. The CCF was founded in 1932 in Calgary, Alberta, by a number of socialist, agrarian, co-operative, and labour groups, in 1944, the CCF formed the first social-democratic government in North America when it was elected to form the provincial government in Saskatchewan. In 1961, the CCF was succeeded by the New Democratic Party, the full, but little used, name of the party was Co-operative Commonwealth Federation. Many of the partys first Members of Parliament were members of the Ginger Group, composed of United Farmers of Alberta, left-wing Progressive, and Labour MPs. These MPs included United Farmers of Alberta MPs William Irvine and Ted Garland, Agnes Macphail, Humphrey Mitchell, Abraham Albert Heaps, Angus MacInnis, and Labour Party MP J. S. Woodsworth. Also involved in founding the new party were members of the League for Social Reconstruction, such as F. R. Scott, J. S. Woodsworth was unanimously appointed the temporary leader until they could hold a founding convention. The temporary name for the new party was the Commonwealth Party, at its founding convention in 1932 in Calgary, the party settled on the name Co-operative Commonwealth Federation and selected J. S. Woodsworth as party leader. Woodsworth had been an Independent Labour Party MP since 1921 and a member of the Ginger Group of MPs, the partys 1933 convention, held in Regina, Saskatchewan, adopted the Regina Manifesto as the partys program. The party affiliated to the Socialist International, in line with Albertas important role in founding the CCF, it is said that the first CCF candidate elected was Chester Ronning in the Alberta provincial constituency of Camrose, in October 1932. The UFA, under whose banner he contested the election, formalized its already-strong connection to the CCF in its next provincial convention, in its first federal election, seven CCF MPs were elected to the House of Commons in 1935. Eight were elected in the election in 1940, including their first member east of Manitoba, Clarence Gillis. The party was divided with the outbreak of World War II, Woodsworth was a passionate pacifist, Woodsworth had a physically dehabilitating stroke in May 1940 and could no longer perform his duties as leader. In October, Woodsworth wrote a letter to the 1940 CCF convention, instead, the delegates created the new position of Honorary President, abolished the Presidents position and re-elected M. J. Coldwell as the National Chairman. Coldwell was then appointed acting House Leader on 6 November, Woodsworth died on 21 March 1942, and Coldwell officially became the new leader at the July convention in Toronto and threw the partys support behind the war effort. As a memorial to Woodsworth, Coldwell suggested that the CCF create a research foundation, the party won a critical York South by-election on 8 February 1942, and in the process prevented the Conservative leader, former Prime Minister Arthur Meighen, from entering the House of Commons. In the 1945 election,28 CCF MPs were elected, however, the party was to have its greatest success in provincial politics in the 1940s. In 1943, the Ontario CCF became the opposition in that province. Federally, during the Cold War, the CCF was accused of having Communist leanings, the party moved to address these accusations in 1956 by replacing the Regina Manifesto with a more moderate document, the Winnipeg Declaration
23.
Kiefer Sutherland
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Kiefer William Frederick Dempsey George Rufus Sutherland is a British born Canadian actor, producer, director, and singer-songwriter. His portrayal of Jack Bauer on the Fox drama series 24 brought him an Emmy Award, Sutherland got his first leading film role in a Canadian drama The Bay Boy, which earned him a Genie Award nomination. Sutherland was inducted to Hollywood Walk of Fame and Canadas Walk of Fame and was awarded a Lifetime Achievement Award from Zurich Film Festival. Sutherland was born in St Marys Hospital, Paddington, London, to Donald Sutherland and Shirley Douglas and he has a twin sister, Rachel. His maternal grandfather was Scottish-born Canadian politician and former Premier of Saskatchewan Tommy Douglas, Sutherlands family moved to Corona, California. In 1975, Sutherland moved with his mother to Toronto and he attended elementary school at Crescent Town Elementary School, St. Clair Junior High East York, and John G. Althouse Middle School in Toronto. He also spent a semester at Regina Mundi Catholic College in London, Ontario, Sutherland told Jimmy Kimmel Live. that he and Robert Downey, Jr. were roommates for three years when he first moved to Hollywood to pursue his career in acting. He and Downey, Jr. also starred together in the film 1969, Sutherland made his screen debut in Max Dugan Returns, in which his father Donald Sutherland also starred. Sutherland was one of the contenders for the role of Glen Lantz in the original A Nightmare on Elm Street, after receiving critical acclaim for his role as Donald Campbell in The Bay Boy, Sutherland moved to Hollywood. Stand by Me was the first film Sutherland made in the United States, in the film, directed by Rob Reiner, he played a neighborhood bully in a coming-of-age story about a search for a dead body. Before that, he played a silent, supporting character, as one of Sean Penns friends who goes up against Christopher Walken in James Foleys crime-thriller At Close Range. His film Promised Land, with Meg Ryan, was the first film to be commissioned by the Sundance Film Festival and his role as vampire David in The Lost Boys is one of his iconic roles in his career reviews by many critics and audiences. In the Western film Young Guns, he starred alongside Emilio Estevez and he was considered for the role of Robin in Batman, alongside Michael Keaton, in the early production before the character was deleted from the shooting script. He went on to star again with his close friend Lou Diamond Phillips and that same year, he and his father appeared at the 61st Academy Awards as presenters of the Academy Honorary Award to the National Film Board of Canada. In the sequel Young Guns II, Sutherland continued to play Doc alongside some of the original cast and it is the only sequel to a feature film he has starred in. Sutherland did not make a film in 1991, in a recent interview, he said he declined the offer of Gus Van Sant to star in the lead role in the movie My Own Private Idaho, a decision that he regretted. He hosted Saturday Night Live instead, the film was nominated for the Academy Award for Best Picture. In The Vanishing, he starred alongside Jeff Bridges as a husband seeking his wife three years after she mysteriously vanished, in The Three Musketeers, Sutherland played the central character of Athos
24.
Alma mater
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Alma mater is an allegorical Latin phrase for a university or college. In modern usage, it is a school or university which an individual has attended, the phrase is variously translated as nourishing mother, nursing mother, or fostering mother, suggesting that a school provides intellectual nourishment to its students. Before its modern usage, Alma mater was a title in Latin for various mother goddesses, especially Ceres or Cybele. The source of its current use is the motto, Alma Mater Studiorum, of the oldest university in continuous operation in the Western world and it is related to the term alumnus, denoting a university graduate, which literally means a nursling or one who is nourished. The phrase can also denote a song or hymn associated with a school, although alma was a common epithet for Ceres, Cybele, Venus, and other mother goddesses, it was not frequently used in conjunction with mater in classical Latin. Alma Redemptoris Mater is a well-known 11th century antiphon devoted to Mary, the earliest documented English use of the term to refer to a university is in 1600, when University of Cambridge printer John Legate began using an emblem for the universitys press. In English etymological reference works, the first university-related usage is often cited in 1710, many historic European universities have adopted Alma Mater as part of the Latin translation of their official name. The University of Bologna Latin name, Alma Mater Studiorum, refers to its status as the oldest continuously operating university in the world. At least one, the Alma Mater Europaea in Salzburg, Austria, the College of William & Mary in Williamsburg, Virginia, has been called the Alma Mater of the Nation because of its ties to the founding of the United States. At Queens University in Kingston, Ontario, and the University of British Columbia in Vancouver, British Columbia, the ancient Roman world had many statues of the Alma Mater, some still extant. Modern sculptures are found in prominent locations on several American university campuses, outside the United States, there is an Alma Mater sculpture on the steps of the monumental entrance to the Universidad de La Habana, in Havana, Cuba. Media related to Alma mater at Wikimedia Commons The dictionary definition of alma mater at Wiktionary Alma Mater Europaea website
25.
Brandon University
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Brandon University is a university located in the city of Brandon, Manitoba, Canada, with an enrollment of 3073 full-time and part-time undergraduate and graduate students. The current location was founded on July 13,1899, as Brandon College as a Baptist institution and it was chartered as a university by then President Dr. John E. Robbins on June 5,1967. The enabling legislation is the Brandon University Act, Brandon University is one of a very few predominantly undergraduate liberal arts and sciences institutions in Canada. Brandon University has a student to faculty ratio of 11 to 1, the university press, The Quill, is a member of CUP. The Baptists first sent missionaries to southwestern Manitoba in 1869 and settlers began to arrive in the area after 1871, both settlers and missionaries soon saw a need for a denominational college for Manitoba youth and several attempts to found a college were made. In 1880, Dr. John Crawford and Rev. G. B. Davis opened Prairie College in Rapid City,20 miles north of Brandon. The College failed and Rev. Davis founded an academy in Rapid City that was subsequently taken over by his brother-in-law. Brandon College was established in Brandon, Man, in 1889 by the Baptist Union of Western Canada, and was affiliated with McMaster University. In 1898 a Toronto industrialist, Mr. William Davies, and his sister-in-law, Mrs. Emily Davies, the Convention appointed Dr. A. P. McDiarmid as principal of Brandon College in 1899. Prof. McKee’s Academy was merged into the new institution and the quarters of the Academy in the Stewart Black on Rosser Avenue at Ninth Street continued to be used. On July 13,1900, Mrs. Davies laid the cornerstone of the first new building located at the corner of 18th Street and Lorne Avenue, the Brandon Bell and was named after Brandon Bell II, the principal donor. These now serve as the buildings of Brandon University. A school of music was added in 1906, when the Baptist Church withdrew its support in 1938 for financial reasons, the college became non-denominational. During the college’s affiliation with McMaster University, 1911–1938, the School of Music graduate diplomas in voice, following affiliation with the University of Manitoba in 1938, music courses as credit to B. A. and B. Sc. degrees were added. Brandon College offered the first B. Mus. program in Manitoba in 1963, the School of Music includes one of the few conservatory departments in Canada and offers high quality private tutoring. More than 200 Brandon College students served in the First World War including two winners of the Victoria Cross, the college sent a platoon with the Western Universities Battalion to France in 1916. Class enrollments dwindled as students joined the resulting in the absence of males in the freshman class. In 1922 the Science Building was opened but an economic slump kept the building from being completed according to the original specifications, the Bachelor of Science degree was added in 1939
26.
McMaster University
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McMaster University is a public research university located in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The main campus is located on 121 hectares of land near the neighbourhoods of Ainslie Wood and Westdale. The university operates six academic faculties, the DeGroote School of Business, Engineering, Health Sciences, Humanities, Social Science and it is a member of the U15, a group of research-intensive universities in Canada. The university bears the name of Honourable William McMaster, a prominent Canadian Senator, McMaster University was incorporated under the terms of an act of the Legislative Assembly of Ontario in 1887, merging the Toronto Baptist College with Woodstock College. It opened in Toronto in 1890, inadequate facilities and the gift of land in Hamilton prompted the institution to relocate in 1930. McMaster was controlled by the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec until it became a privately chartered, the university is co-educational, and has over 25,000 undergraduate and over 4,000 post-graduate students. Alumni and former students of the university can be found all across Canada, notable alumni include government officials, academics, business leaders, one Rhodes Scholar, and two Nobel laureates. The McMaster athletic teams are known as the Marauders, and are members of the Canadian Interuniversity Sport, McMaster University resulted from the outgrowth of educational initiatives undertaken by Baptists as early as the 1830s. It was founded in 1881 as Toronto Baptist College, in 1887 the Act to unite Toronto Baptist College and Woodstock College was granted royal assent, and McMaster University was officially incorporated. Woodstock College, Woodstock, and Moulton Ladies College, Toronto, were maintained in close connection, the new university, housed in McMaster Hall in Toronto, was sponsored by the Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec as a sectarian undergraduate institution for its clergy and adherents. The first courses—initially limited to arts and theology leading to a BA degree—were taught in 1890, as the university grew, McMaster Hall started to become overcrowded. By the 1920s, after previous proposals between various university staff, the Hamilton Chamber of Commerce launched a campaign to bring McMaster University to Hamilton, as the issue of space at McMaster Hall became more acute, the university administration debated the future of the university. The university nearly became federated with the University of Toronto, as had been the case with Trinity College, instead, in 1927, the university administration decided to transfer the university to Hamilton. The Baptist Convention of Ontario and Quebec secured $1.5 million, the lands for the university and new buildings were secured through gifts from graduates. Lands were transferred from Royal Botanical Gardens to establish the campus area, the first academic session on the new Hamilton campus began in 1930. McMasters property in Toronto was sold to the University of Toronto when McMaster moved to Hamilton in 1930, McMaster Hall is now home to the Royal Conservatory of Music. Professional programs during the period were limited to just theology. By the 1940s the McMaster administration was under pressure to modernize, during the Second World War and post-war periods the demand for technological expertise, particularly in the sciences, increased
27.
University of Chicago
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The University of Chicago is a private research university in Chicago, Illinois. It holds top-ten positions in national and international rankings and measures. The university currently enrolls approximately 5,700 students in the College, Chicagos physics department helped develop the worlds first man-made, self-sustaining nuclear reaction beneath the viewing stands of universitys Stagg Field. The university is home to the University of Chicago Press. With an estimated date of 2020, the Barack Obama Presidential Center will be housed at the university. Both Harper and future president Robert Maynard Hutchins advocated for Chicagos curriculum to be based upon theoretical and perennial issues rather than on applied sciences, the University of Chicago has many prominent alumni. 92 Nobel laureates have been affiliated with the university as professors, students, faculty, or staff, similarly,34 faculty members and 16 alumni have been awarded the MacArthur “Genius Grant”. Rockefeller on land donated by Marshall Field, while the Rockefeller donation provided money for academic operations and long-term endowment, it was stipulated that such money could not be used for buildings. The original physical campus was financed by donations from wealthy Chicagoans like Silas B, Cobb who provided the funds for the campus first building, Cobb Lecture Hall, and matched Marshall Fields pledge of $100,000. Organized as an independent institution legally, it replaced the first Baptist university of the same name, william Rainey Harper became the modern universitys first president on July 1,1891, and the university opened for classes on October 1,1892. The business school was founded thereafter in 1898, and the law school was founded in 1902, Harper died in 1906, and was replaced by a succession of three presidents whose tenures lasted until 1929. During this period, the Oriental Institute was founded to support, in 1896, the university affiliated with Shimer College in Mount Carroll, Illinois. The agreement provided that either party could terminate the affiliation on proper notice, several University of Chicago professors disliked the program, as it involved uncompensated additional labor on their part, and they believed it cheapened the academic reputation of the university. The program passed into history by 1910, in 1929, the universitys fifth president, Robert Maynard Hutchins, took office, the university underwent many changes during his 24-year tenure. In 1933, Hutchins proposed a plan to merge the University of Chicago. During his term, the University of Chicago Hospitals finished construction, also, the Committee on Social Thought, an institution distinctive of the university, was created. Money that had been raised during the 1920s and financial backing from the Rockefeller Foundation helped the school to survive through the Great Depression, during World War II, the university made important contributions to the Manhattan Project. The university was the site of the first isolation of plutonium and of the creation of the first artificial, in the early 1950s, student applications declined as a result of increasing crime and poverty in the Hyde Park neighborhood
28.
Baptists
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Other tenets of Baptist churches include soul competency, salvation through faith alone, Scripture alone as the rule of faith and practice, and the autonomy of the local congregation. Baptists recognize two ministerial offices, elders and deacons, Baptist churches are widely considered to be Protestant churches, though some Baptists disavow this identity. Historians trace the earliest church labeled Baptist back to 1609 in Amsterdam, in accordance with his reading of the New Testament, he rejected baptism of infants and instituted baptism only of believing adults. Baptist practice spread to England, where the General Baptists considered Christs atonement to extend to all people, while the Particular Baptists believed that it extended only to the elect. Thomas Helwys formulated a distinctively Baptist request that the church and the state be kept separate in matters of law, Helwys died in prison as a consequence of the religious persecution of English dissenters under King James I. In 1638, Roger Williams established the first Baptist congregation in the North American colonies, in the mid-18th century, the First Great Awakening contributed to Baptist growth in both New England and the South. Baptist missionaries have spread their church to every continent, the largest Baptist denomination is the Southern Baptist Convention, with the membership of associated churches totaling more than 15 million. Modern Baptist churches trace their history to the English Separatist movement in the century after the rise of the original Protestant denominations and this view of Baptist origins has the most historical support and is the most widely accepted. Adherents to this position consider the influence of Anabaptists upon early Baptists to be minimal and it was a time of considerable political and religious turmoil. Both individuals and churches were willing to give up their theological roots if they became convinced that a more biblical truth had been discovered, during the Protestant Reformation, the Church of England separated from the Roman Catholic Church. There were some Christians who were not content with the achievements of the mainstream Protestant Reformation, there also were Christians who were disappointed that the Church of England had not made corrections of what some considered to be errors and abuses. Of those most critical of the Churchs direction, some chose to stay and they became known as Puritans and are described by Gourley as cousins of the English Separatists. Others decided they must leave the Church because of their dissatisfaction, historians trace the earliest Baptist church back to 1609 in Amsterdam, with John Smyth as its pastor. Three years earlier, while a Fellow of Christs College, Cambridge, reared in the Church of England, he became Puritan, English Separatist, and then a Baptist Separatist, and ended his days working with the Mennonites. He began meeting in England with 60–70 English Separatists, in the face of great danger, Smyth and his lay supporter, Thomas Helwys, together with those they led, broke with the other English exiles because Smyth and Helwys were convinced they should be baptized as believers. In 1609 Smyth first baptized himself and then baptized the others, in 1609, while still there, Smyth wrote a tract titled The Character of the Beast, or The False Constitution of the Church. In it he expressed two propositions, first, infants are not to be baptized, and second, Antichristians converted are to be admitted into the true Church by baptism. Hence, his conviction was that a church should consist only of regenerate believers who have been baptized on a personal confession of faith
29.
Democratic socialism
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Some tendencies of democratic socialism advocate for revolution in order to transition to socialism, distinguishing it from some forms of social democracy. For Hain, this divide is more important than the revolutionary/reformist divide. A similar, but more complex, argument is made by Nicos Poulantzas, Draper himself uses the term revolutionary-democratic socialism as a type of socialism from below in his The Two Souls of Socialism. Similarly, about Eugene Debs, he writes, Debsian socialism evoked a response from the heart of the people. In contrast, other tendencies of democratic socialism advocate for eventual socialism that follow a gradual, reformist or evolutionary path to socialism, rather than a revolutionary one. We are socialists because we are developing a strategy for achieving that vision. The term is used to refer to policies that are compatible with and exist within capitalism. Though this is not always the case, for example, Robert M. contended that a more benevolent form of capitalism had emerged since the. According to Crosland, it was now possible to achieve equality in society without the need for fundamental economic transformation. Some proponents of market socialism see it as a system compatible with the political ideology of democratic socialism. The term democratic socialism can be used even another way, to refer to a version of the Soviet model that was reformed in a democratic way, for example, Mikhail Gorbachev described perestroika as building a new, humane and democratic socialism. Consequently, some former Communist parties have rebranded themselves as democratic socialist, justification of democratic socialism can be found in the works of social philosophers like Charles Taylor and Axel Honneth, among others. Honneth has put forward the view that political and economic ideologies have a social basis, contra liberal individualism, Honneth has emphasised the inter-subjective dependence between humans, that is, our well-being depends on recognising others and being recognised by them. Democratic socialism, with its emphasis on social collectivism, could be seen as a way of safeguarding this dependency and their concern for both democracy and social justice marks them out as key precursors of democratic socialism. Owens followers again stressed both participatory democracy and economic socialisation, in the form of consumer co-operatives, credit unions, the Chartists similarly combined a working class politics with a call for greater democracy. The British moral philosopher John Stuart Mill also came to advocate a form of socialism within a liberal context. Democratic socialism became a prominent movement at the end of the 19th century, in Germany, the Eisenacher socialist group merged with the Lassallean socialist group, in 1875, to form the German Social Democratic Party. In Australia, the Labour and Socialist movements were gaining traction, the ALP has been the main driving force for workers rights in Australia, backed by Australian Trade Unions, in particular the Australian Workers Union
30.
Saskatchewan New Democratic Party
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The Saskatchewan New Democratic Party is a social-democratic political party in the Canadian province of Saskatchewan. It currently forms the opposition, but has been a dominant force in Saskatchewan politics since the 1940s. The party is the successor to the Saskatchewan section of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, the origins of the party began as early as 1902. In that year a group of farmers created the Territorial Grain Growers Association, the objective of this group was to lobby for farmers rights with the grain trade and the railways. The name was changed to the Saskatchewan Grain Growers Association when Saskatchewan became a province in 1905, in 1921 a left-wing splinter group left the SGGA to form the Farmers Union. However, the two reconciled in 1926 and reformed as the United Farmers of Canada. The first leader of the UFC was George Williams, the Progressives disappeared over the course of the next four years and were largely absorbed by the Tories. The rightward drift of the Progressives prompted the UFC-SS to decide, in 1930, in 1931, the UFC participated in the March on Regina to protest against government indifference to the farmers plight during the depression. During that event the UFC met with the Independent Labour Party, led by M. J. Coldwell, from that meeting they agreed to form the Farmer-Labour Group with Coldwell as the leader. The new party acquired its first member in the Saskatchewan legislature when Jacob Benson, elected as a Progressive in 1929, the FLG participated in the 1934 provincial election and won five seats and became the official opposition to the Liberals. Coldwell failed to win a seat but remained as leader, in 1935, Coldwell ran for federal office in the 1935 federal election and was elected. Williams took over as party leader, in the 1944 election, the Saskatchewan CCF, led by Tommy Douglas, swept to power. They took 47 out of 52 seats to form the first avowedly socialist government in North America, in the process, they handed the Liberals the worst defeat that a sitting government has ever suffered in Saskatchewan. Since that election, the CCF/NDP has won 12 out of 19 elections, arguably, the partys greatest accomplishment was the introduction of North Americas first comprehensive system of public medical insurance or Medicare. The fight to introduce Medicare in the province was intense, due to the opposition of the doctors who were backed by the American Medical Association. The AMA feared that public health care would spread to parts of the continent if introduced in one part. In July 1962 the doctors staged the 23-day Saskatchewan doctors strike, the program was introduced and became so popular it was soon adopted across Canada. After doing much of the work on Medicare, Douglas resigned as party leader and Premier of Saskatchewan in 1961 to become the founding leader of the New Democratic Party
31.
Healthcare in Canada
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It is guided by the provisions of the Canada Health Act of 1984. The government attempts to ensure the quality of care through federal standards, the government does not participate in day-to-day care or collect any information about an individuals health, which remains confidential between a person and their physician. Canadas provincially based Medicare systems are cost-effective partly because of their administrative simplicity, in each province, each doctor handles the insurance claim against the provincial insurer. There is no need for the person who accesses healthcare to be involved in billing, private health expenditure accounts for 30% of health care financing. Provinces provide partial coverage for some of these items for vulnerable populations, limited coverage is provided for mental health care. Competitive practices such as advertising are kept to a minimum, thus maximizing the percentage of revenues that go directly towards care, in general, costs are paid through funding from income taxes. In British Columbia, taxation-based funding is supplemented by a monthly premium which is waived or reduced for those on low incomes. There are no deductibles on basic health care and co-pays are extremely low or non-existent, a health card is issued by the Provincial Ministry of Health to each individual who enrolls for the program and everyone receives the same level of care. There is no need for a variety of plans because virtually all basic care is covered, including maternity but excluding mental health. Infertility costs are not covered fully in any other than Quebec. In some provinces, private supplemental plans are available for those who desire private rooms if they are hospitalized, cosmetic surgery and some forms of elective surgery are not considered essential care and are generally not covered. For example, Canadian health insurance plans do not cover non-therapeutic circumcision and these can be paid out-of-pocket or through private insurers. Health coverage is not affected by loss or change of jobs, health care cannot be denied due to unpaid premiums, and there are no lifetime limits or exclusions for pre-existing conditions. The result is there is a wide variance in what is covered across the country by the public health system, particularly in more controversial areas. Canada is the country with a universal healthcare system that does not include coverage of prescription medication. Pharmaceutical medications are covered by public funds in some provinces for the elderly or indigent, more than 60 percent of prescription medications are paid for privately in Canada. Family physicians are chosen by individuals, if a patient wishes to see a specialist or is counseled to see a specialist, a referral can be made by a GP. Preventive care and early detection are considered important and yearly checkups are encouraged,2012 saw a record year for number of doctors with 75,142
32.
War Measures Act
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The War Measures Act was a statute of the Parliament of Canada that provided for the declaration of war, invasion, or insurrection, and the types of emergency measures that could thereby be taken. The act was brought into force three times in Canadian history, the First World War, the Second World War, in the First World War, a state of war with Germany was declared by the United Kingdom on behalf of the entire British Empire. Canada was notified by telegraphic despatch accordingly, effective 4 August 1914, the War Measures Act,1914, was subsequently adopted on 22 August 1914 to ratify all steps taken by Canada from the declaration of war, to continue until the war was over. Thousands of these aliens were also interned in camps or deported from Canada. It was not until the shortage in Canada became dire that these interned individuals were released into the workforce again in an attempt to boost the economy. In contrast to the war, by virtue of the Statute of Westminster 1931. A state of apprehended war was declared on 25 August 1939, a state of war was declared with Germany on 10 September 1939. S.21 of the Defence of Canada Regulations allowed the Minister of Justice to detain without charge anyone who might act in any manner prejudicial to the safety or the safety of the state. The government soon interned fascists and Communists as well as opponents of conscription, the regulations were later used to intern Japanese Canadians on a large scale as well as some German and Italian Canadians who were viewed as enemy aliens. As Taschereau J noted, The Act was in force until 31 December 1945, in 1947, the Continuation of Transitional Measures Act,1947 was enacted, maintaining certain wartime orders and regulations, and stayed in place until 30 April 1951. The attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941 led to Canada declaring war against Japan on 8 December 1941, an already established racial bias towards Japanese-Canadians was transformed into full anti-Japanese thoughts and behaviour by Canadian citizens, who saw Japanese-Canadians as spies for Japan. This fear towards Japanese-Canadians led to their rights slowly being taken away, on 17 December 1941, on 29 January 1942, a protected area was declared by Government Notice within British Columbia. On 24 February, the Defence of Canada Regulations were amended to restrict Japanese-Canadians from owning land or growing crops, on 4 March, regulations under the Act were adopted to evacuate Japanese-Canadians from the protected area. As a result,12,000 were interned in camps,2,000 were sent to road camps. In December 1945, three Orders in Council were issued to provide for the expulsion of Japanese nationals and other persons of Japanese origin, whether or not they were British subjects. Although the Supreme Court of Canada gave a ruling on the matter. Following various protests among politicians and academics, the orders were revoked in 1947, in 1942, its responsibilities were expanded to include the reduction of non-essential industrial activities in order to maintain minimum requirements only for civilian goods. The Act was also used to create the Wartime Labour Relations Regulations in order to control strikes and lockouts and keep wartime production going
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October Crisis
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The October Crisis occurred in October 1970 in the province of Quebec in Canada, mainly in the Montreal metropolitan area. Members of the Front de libération du Québec kidnapped the provincial cabinet minister Pierre Laporte, in response, Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau invoked the only peacetime use of the War Measures Act. The kidnappers murdered Laporte, and negotiations led to Crosss release, the Premier of Quebec, Robert Bourassa, and the Mayor of Montreal, Jean Drapeau, supported Trudeaus invocation of the War Measures Act, which limited civil liberties. The police were enabled with far-reaching powers, and they arrested and detained, without bail,497 individuals, the Quebec government also requested military aid to the civil power, and Canadian Forces deployed throughout Quebec, they acted in a support role to the civil authorities of Quebec. At the time, opinion polls throughout Canada, including in Quebec, the response, however, was criticized at the time by prominent politicians such as René Lévesque and Tommy Douglas. From 1963 to 1970 the Quebec nationalist group Front de libération du Québec detonated over 95 bombs, other targets included Montreal City Hall, Royal Canadian Mounted Police, armed forces recruiting offices, railway tracks, and army installations. By 1970,23 members of the FLQ were in prison, October 5, Montreal, Quebec, Two members of the Liberation Cell of the FLQ kidnap British Trade Commissioner James Cross from his home. The kidnappers are disguised as delivery men bringing a package for his recent birthday, once the maid lets them in, they pull out a rifle and a revolver and kidnap Cross. The terms of the note are the same as those found in June for the planned kidnapping of the U. S. consul. At this time, the police do not connect the two, October 8, Broadcast of the FLQ Manifesto in all French- and English-speaking media outlets in Quebec. Members of the Chenier cell of the FLQ kidnap Laporte, October 11, The CBC broadcasts a letter from captivity from Pierre Laporte to the Premier of Quebec, Robert Bourassa. October 12, General Gilles Turcot sends troops to patrol the Montreal region, lawyer Robert Lemieux is appointed by the FLQ to negotiate the release of James Cross and Pierre Laporte. The Quebec Government appoints Robert Demers, October 13, Prime Minister Trudeau is interviewed by the CBC with respect to the military presence. In a combative interview, Trudeau asks the reporter, Tim Ralfe, when Ralfe asks Trudeau how far he would go Trudeau replies, Just watch me. October 14, Sixteen prominent Quebec personalities, including René Lévesque and Claude Ryan, FLQs lawyer Robert Lemieux urges Université de Montréal students to boycott classes in support of FLQ. October 15, Quebec City, The negotiations between lawyers Lemieux and Demers are put to an end, the Government of Quebec formally requests the intervention of the Canadian army in aid of the civil power pursuant to the National Defence Act. All three opposition parties, including the Parti Québécois, rise in the National Assembly and agree with the decision, on the same day, separatist groups are permitted to speak at the Université de Montréal. The rally frightens many Canadians, who view it as a prelude to outright insurrection in Quebec
34.
Major James Coldwell
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Major James William Coldwell, PC CC, usually known as M. J. was a Canadian social democratic politician, and leader of the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation party from 1942 to 1960. He was born in England, and immigrated to Canada in 1910, prior to his political career, he was an educator and union activist. In 1935 he was elected to the Canadian House of Commons and he would be re-elected five more times until he was defeated in the 1958 Diefenbaker sweep. He was the CCFs first national secretary in 1934, and became its national leader upon the death of J. S. Woodsworth in 1942 and he remained as its leader until 1960, when there was a parliamentary caucus revolt against him. When the CCF was disbanded 1961, he joined its successor party, Coldwell turned down several offers to cross the floor and join the governing Liberal Party of Canada, including one offer that eventually would have made him the Prime Minister of Canada. After his defeat in 1958, he was offered a Senate appointment and he became a member of the Privy Council in 1964 and in 1967 became one of the initial inductees into the Order of Canada. After suffering two heart attacks on the day, he died in Ottawa at the age of 85. Coldwell was born in Seaton, England on December 2,1888, while Coldwell attended Exeter University, he met Norah Gertrude Dunsford in 1907, and in December 1909, they became engaged. Norah was born in 1888, and was the daughter of a newspaper proprietor. Coldwell left to teach in Canadas Prairie provinces in 1910 and came back to the United Kingdom during his break in 1912. They were married at the Wembdon Church in Bridgwater, Somerset on July 22 and they honeymooned in England for two weeks, before they sailed to Canada for him to continue teaching in Sedley, Saskatchewan. He started his career, when he left for Canada in February 1910. After moving to Saskatchewan, he became known nationally as a leader of teachers associations from 1924 until 1934 and he first ran for the Canadian House of Commons as a Progressive candidate in Regina in the 1925 federal election but was defeated. He was elected as a city councillor for Regina City Council and developed links with labour, in 1926, Coldwell organized the Independent Labour party in Saskatchewan. The party fought the 1934 provincial election under Coldwells leadership, and won five seats in the Legislative Assembly of Saskatchewan, Coldwell was defeated in his election bid. After the election, the party affiliated itself with the Co-operative Commonwealth Federation, in 1934, he became the CCFs first national secretary. In the 1935 federal election, Coldwell was elected to the House of Commons as Member of Parliament for the riding of Rosetown-Biggar, Coldwell also served as the CCFs national chairman from 1938 to 1942. He split with CCF leader J. S. Woodsworth when World War II broke out in 1939, Woodsworth, a pacifist, opposed the war effort, while Coldwell and the rest of the CCF caucus supported the war, and Coldwells view was the partys official position
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CBC Television
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CBC Television is a Canadian English-language broadcast television network that is owned by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, the national public broadcaster. The network began operations on September 6,1952 and its French-language counterpart is Ici Radio-Canada Télé. Almost all of the CBCs programming is produced in Canada, on October 9,2006 at 6,00 a. m. the network switched to a 24-hour schedule, becoming one of the last major English-language broadcasters to transition to such a schedule. Most CBC-owned stations previously signed off the air during the morning hours. Its French counterpart, Ici Radio-Canada Télé, still signs off every night, until 1998, the network carried a variety of American programs in addition to its core Canadian programming, directly competing with private Canadian broadcasters such as CTV and Global. Since then, it has restricted itself to Canadian programs, a handful of British programs, since this change, the CBC has sometimes struggled to maintain ratings comparable to those it achieved before 1995, although it has seen somewhat of a ratings resurgence in recent years. In the 2007-08 season, popular series such as Little Mosque on the Prairie, in 2002, CBC Television and CBC News Network became the first broadcasters in Canada that are required to provide closed captioning for all of their programming. On those networks, only outside commercials need not be captioned, all shows, bumpers, billboards, promos and other internal programming must be captioned. The requirement stems from a human rights complaint filed by deaf lawyer Henry Vlug, the CBCs flagship newscast, The National, airs Sunday through Fridays at 10,00 p. m. EST and Saturdays at 6,00 p. m. EST. This second airing was replaced with other programming, and as of the 2012-13 television season, was replaced on CBCs major market stations by a half-hour late newscast. There is also a news update, at most, on late Saturday evenings. During hockey season, this update is usually found during the first intermission of the game of the doubleheader on Hockey Night in Canada. Other newscasts include parts of CBC News Now airing weekday at 6,00 a. m. weekly newsmagazine the fifth estate is also a CBC mainstay, as are documentary series such as Doc Zone. One of the most popular shows on CBC Television is the weekly Saturday night broadcast of NHL hockey games and it has been televised by the network since 1952. During the NHL lockout and subsequent cancellation of the 2004-2005 hockey season, CBC instead aired various recent and classic movies, branded as Movie Night in Canada, on Saturday nights. Other than hockey, CBC Sports properties include Toronto Raptors basketball, Toronto FC Soccer and it was also the exclusive carrier of Canadian Curling Association events during the 2004–2005 season. Due to disappointing results and fan outrage over many draws being carried on CBC Country Canada, after the CBC threatened legal action, both sides eventually came to an agreement under which early-round rights reverted to TSN. CBC Sports suffered another blow when it was announced that after the 2007 season, the CFL regular season games
