1.
Tony Scott
–
Anthony David Leighton Tony Scott was an English film director and producer. Scott was the brother of film director Sir Ridley Scott. They both graduated from the Royal College of Art in London, in 1995 both Tony and Ridley received the BAFTA Award for Outstanding British Contribution To Cinema. In 2010, they received the BAFTA Britannia Award for Worldwide Contribution to Filmed Entertainment and he committed suicide on 19 August 2012, by jumping off the Vincent Thomas Bridge in San Pedro, California. Scott was born in Tynemouth, Northumberland, North East England and he followed in his elder brothers footsteps, studying at Grangefield School, West Hartlepool College of Art and graduating from Sunderland Art School with a fine arts degree. At the age of 16 he appeared in Boy and Bicycle, Scott studied art in Leeds after failing to gain admission to the Royal College of Art in London at his first attempt. He made a film in 1969 based on the Ambrose Bierce story One of the Missing. As Ridley had previously cast him in a film, he reciprocated by giving his brother a role too, the film cost £1,000, he recalled in April 2012. He graduated from the Royal College of Art, following in the footsteps of his elder brother Ridley and his eldest brother Frank had earlier joined the British Merchant Navy. It was the success of his elder brothers fledgling television commercial production outfit, Ridley Scott Associates and his brother Ridley said, Tony had wanted to do documentaries at first. I told him, Dont go to the BBC, come to me first, I knew that he had a fondness for cars, so I told him, Come work with me and within a year youll have a Ferrari. He directed many commercials for RSA while also overseeing the companys operation while his brother was developing his feature film career. My goal was to make films but I got sidetracked into commercials, I had 15 years, and it was a blast. We were very prolific, and that was our training ground, youd shoot 100 days in a year, then we gravitated from that to film, he said. Scott took time out in 1975 to direct an adaptation of the Henry James story The Author of Beltraffio. His eldest brother Frank died, aged 45, of cancer during the same year. Scott reflected on his career in 2009, Scott persisted in trying to embark on a film career. Among the ideas interesting to him was an adaptation of the Anne Rice novel Interview with the Vampire then in development, MGM was already developing the vampire film The Hunger, for which they brought Scott on in 1982
Tony Scott
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Tony Scott in 2012
Tony Scott
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Tony Scott jumped off the
Vincent Thomas Bridge (pictured above in 2003) on 19 August 2012.
2.
Jerry Bruckheimer
–
Jerome Leon Jerry Bruckheimer is an American film and television producer. He has been active in the genres of action, drama and his best known television series are CSI, Crime Scene Investigation, CSI, Miami, CSI, NY, Without a Trace, Cold Case, and the U. S. version of The Amazing Race. At one point, three of his TV series ranked among the top 10 in the U. S. ratings—a unique feat in television and he also serves as a Director at ZeniMax Media. Many of his films have produced by Disney and Paramount, while many of his television series have been co-produced by Warner Bros. Bruckheimer was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of German Jewish immigrants and he graduated from Mumford High School in Detroit, at age 17, before moving to Arizona for college. Bruckheimer was also a member of the Stamp Collecting Club. He graduated with a degree in psychology from the University of Arizona and he was a member of the Zeta Beta Tau fraternity. A film buff at an age with an interest in photography. After college Bruckheimer worked in advertising in Detroit and New York City, as of 2010, Bruckheimer has produced over 40 feature films, and is regarded in the industry as one of the most successful film producers of all time. Bruckheimer started producing films in the 1970s, after leaving his job in advertising and they had worked together on the films The Culpepper Cattle Company, Farewell, My Lovely, and March or Die. Bruckheimer then worked with Paul Schrader on two films, American Gigolo and Cat People, which began to give him notice in Hollywood, during the 1980s and 1990s, he was a co-producer with Don Simpson of a string of highly successful Hollywood films for Paramount Pictures. He originally met Don at a screening of 1973s The Harder They Come at Warner Brothers, the two worked together and created Bruckheimers first big hit, 1983s Flashdance, which brought in US$95 million, an incredible sum for an R-rated film. He had a number of hits during that time period, including the Beverly Hills Cop films, Top Gun. Top Gun marked his first collaboration with English director Tony Scott, while working with Simpson, Bruckheimer became known as Mr. Outside because of his experience with film making, while Simpson became known as Mr. Inside because of his film industry contacts. The Rock was the last film in which Bruckheimer collaborated with Simpson, Bruckheimer stipulated that The Rock be dedicated to the memory of Simpson. His other hit films produced include Remember the Titans, Black Hawk Down and he has also acquired the rights to produce a film based on the popular role playing game by Palladium Books, Rifts. Early in his career, Bruckheimer produced television commercials, including one for Pepsi, since 1997 he has branched out into television, creating a number of police dramas of which CSI, Crime Scene Investigation has been the most successful. He has also produced the reality game show The Amazing Race, in May 2008 CBS announced it had picked up Bruckheimers newest series, Eleventh Hour, for the 2008–2009 broadcast television season
Jerry Bruckheimer
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Bruckheimer at a ceremony to receive a star on the
Hollywood Walk of Fame in June 2013
Jerry Bruckheimer
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Bruckheimer with
Johnny Depp and
Tom Cruise in June 2013
Jerry Bruckheimer
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Bruckheimer at the 2014 WonderCon
3.
Tom Cruise
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Thomas Cruise Mapother IV, known professionally as Tom Cruise, is an American actor and producer. He has been nominated for three Academy Awards and has won three Golden Globe Awards and he started his career at age 19 in the film Endless Love. After portraying supporting roles in Taps and The Outsiders, his first leading role was in the romantic comedy Risky Business, Cruise became a full-fledged movie star after starring as Pete Maverick Mitchell in the action drama Top Gun. One of the biggest movie stars in Hollywood, Cruise starred in more successful films in the 1980s, including the dramas The Color of Money, Cocktail, Rain Man. In 2012, Cruise was Hollywoods highest-paid actor,16 of his films grossed over $100 million domestically,22 have grossed in excess of $200 million worldwide. In 2002, Cruise won the Saturn Award for Best Actor for Vanilla Sky, in 2003, he won an AFI Movie of the Year Award for The Last Samurai and an Empire Award for Best Actor for Minority Report. Cruise is an advocate for the Church of Scientology and its associated social programs. Cruise was born in Syracuse, New York, the son of Mary Lee, a special teacher, and Thomas Cruise Mapother III. He has three sisters, Lee Anne, Marian, and Cass and they are of English, German, and Irish ancestry. One of Cruises paternal great-great-great-grandfathers, Patrick Russell Cruise, was born in north County Dublin in 1799, he married Teresa Johnson in County Meath and they left Ireland for the United States that same year and settled in New York. They had a daughter, Mary Paulina Russell Cruise, whose son Thomas Cruise Mapother was Cruises great-grandfather, a cousin, William Mapother, is also an actor, he and Cruise have appeared in five films together. Cruise grew up in poverty, and had a Catholic upbringing. The family was dominated by his father, whom Cruise has described as a merchant of chaos. Cruise has said that he was beaten by his father, whom he has called a bully and he stated, He was the kind of person where, if something goes wrong, they kick you. It was a lesson in my life—how hed lull you in, make you feel safe and then. For me, it was like, Theres something wrong with this guy, Cruise spent part of his childhood in Canada. His family moved to Beacon Hill, Ottawa, in late 1971 so that Cruises father could take a position as a consultant with the Canadian Armed Forces. There, Cruise attended the newly opened Robert Hopkins Public School for much of grade four, in grade four, Cruise first became involved in drama, under the tutelage of George Steinburg
Tom Cruise
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Cruise at the Edge of Tomorrow premiere in May 2014
Tom Cruise
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Cruise at the
61st Academy Awards in 1989
Tom Cruise
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With
Katie Holmes in May 2009
4.
Kelly McGillis
–
Kelly Ann McGillis is an American actress. Kelly McGillis was born July 9,1957, in Newport Beach, California, the daughter of Virginia Joan, a homemaker, and Dr. Donald Manson McGillis, a general practitioner of medicine. McGillis was raised in Los Angeles, and attended the Pacific Conservatory of the Performing Arts in Santa Maria, California, after graduating from high school in 1975, she moved to New York City to study acting at the Juilliard School, where she graduated in 1983. While at Juilliard she performed in William Congreves Love for Love and her breakout role was that of an Amish mother in the 1985 film Witness with Harrison Ford, for which she received Golden Globe and BAFTA award nominations. Her next high-profile role was that of flight instructor Charlie in the 1986 fighter-pilot film Top Gun with Tom Cruise, after 1988s The Accused, she appeared in Cat Chaser with Peter Weller, a film she despised and which discouraged her from pursuing an acting career. McGillis appeared in dozens of television and film throughout the 1990s before taking a break from acting for a few years. In 1992s The Babe, Ms. McGillis plays a Ziegfeld Follies showgirl who becomes Babe Ruths second wife and she prepared for the role by reading Billie Burkes autobiography about her career with the Follies, With a Feather on My Nose. Since her graduation, McGillis has performed theatre, including classics by Chekov, Shaw, Ibsen, Shakespeare. She has often appeared in starring roles with the Shakespeare Theatre Company of Washington, in 2004, she appeared in the stage play The Graduate as Mrs. Robinson, touring the United States. She began working in television again in 2006, then in 2007, McGillis starred in a Pasadena Playhouse stage production of Little Foxes by Lillian Hellman in May 2009, co-starring with Julia Duffy. She had a role in the 2010 vampire film Stake Land and she stars alongside Nick Damici, Connor Paolo and Danielle Harris. McGillis was featured in a breast cancer docu-drama titled 1 a Minute and she also appeared in a production of Frankie and Johnny in the Clair de Lune by Terrence McNally, which toured the United Kingdom in 2010. She starred in Ti Wests 2011 thriller The Innkeepers, McGillis married fellow Juilliard student Boyd Black in 1979, but the couple divorced in 1981. In February 1982, McGillis and her live-in girlfriend were assaulted, verbally abused and this experience encouraged the actress to pursue her film role as the lawyer who supports Jodie Fosters character in The Accused. McGillis married Fred Tillman in 1989, and they have two daughters, McGillis came out as a lesbian in April 2009 during an interview with SheWired. Leis and McGillis broke up in 2011, McGillis currently lives in Hendersonville, North Carolina. She teaches acting at The New York Studio for Stage and Screen NYS3 in Asheville, McGillis was reportedly assaulted by a stranger who broke into her North Carolina home on June 17,2016. She said the attack, as well as others she has experienced in the past, has led her to decide to apply for a carry gun permit to protect herself. com Kelly McGillis on NNDB
Kelly McGillis
–
McGillis at the
2010 Toronto International Film Festival
5.
Val Kilmer
–
Val Edward Kilmer is an American actor. Originally a stage actor, Kilmer became popular in the mid-1980s after a string of appearances in comedy films, then the cult classic Real Genius, as well as the military action film Top Gun and the fantasy film Willow. Kilmer was born December 31,1959, in Los Angeles, the son of Gladys Swanette and Eugene Dorris Kilmer and his parents divorced in 1968 when he was 8 years old. In 1977 Kilmers younger brother Wesley drowned in a pool at age 15. Kilmers grandfather was a miner in New Mexico, near the border with Arizona. His mother was of Swedish descent and his fathers ancestry included English, Scots-Irish, French and German. Kilmer attended Berkeley Hall School, a Christian Science school in Los Angeles and he attended Chatsworth High School with Kevin Spacey and Mare Winningham, and also attended the Hollywood Professional School. He became the youngest person at the time to be accepted into the Juilliard Schools Drama Division, on May 5,2012, Kilmer was awarded an honorary doctorate of Fine Arts from William Woods University. In 1981, while at Juilliard, Kilmer co-authored and starred in the play How It All Began, Kilmer turned down a role in Francis Ford Coppolas 1983 film The Outsiders, as he had prior theatre commitments. In 1983 he appeared off Broadway in The Slab Boys with Kevin Bacon, also in 1983, Kilmer self-published a collection of his own poetry entitled My Edens After Burns, that included poems inspired by his time with Pfeiffer. The book of poems is difficult to obtain, and expensive, even second-hand copies fetch $300 and his big break came when he received top billing in the comedy spoof of spy movies Top Secret. Where he played an American rock and roll star, Kilmer sang all the songs in the film and released an album under the film characters name, Nick Rivers. While garnering more substantial roles and prestige, he gained a reputation as a ladies man, dating numerous women, some many years older, including Cher. During a brief hiatus, he backpacked throughout Europe before going on to play the character in the 1985 comedy Real Genius. He turned down a role in David Lynchs Blue Velvet before being cast as naval aviator Iceman in the action film Top Gun alongside Tom Cruise, Top Gun grossed a total of $344,700,000 worldwide and made Kilmer a major star. Kilmer starred in the Colorado Shakespeare Festival production of Hamlet]] in 1988, in 1989, Kilmer played the lead in both Kill Me Again, again opposite Whalley, and in TNTs Billy the Kid. After several delays, director Oliver Stone finally started production on the film The Doors, Kilmer spoke with Oliver Stone early on, concerned about what he might want to do with the story because Kilmer didnt believe in or want to promote substance abuse. Kilmer saw Morrison as having picked the wrong heroes, who had different issues, Kilmer saw Morrisons story as one that could be told a thousand different ways and didnt want to tell it by playing the role in the style of drugs, with which Oliver Stone agreed
Val Kilmer
–
Kilmer at the
2005 Cannes Film Festival
Val Kilmer
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Kilmer in June 2005
Val Kilmer
–
Kilmer with
50 Cent at the
AMAs 2009
Val Kilmer
–
Kilmer reigning as
Bacchus; parade in New Orleans during Mardi Gras in 2009
6.
Anthony Edwards
–
Anthony Charles Edwards is an American actor and director. Additionally, he has appeared in movies and television shows, including Top Gun, Zodiac, Miracle Mile, Revenge of the Nerds, Planes. Edwards was born in Santa Barbara, California, the son of Erika Kem, a painter, and Peter Edwards. He has two sisters, Heidi and Ann-Marie, and two older brothers, Peter and Jeffrey. Edwards was encouraged by his parents to attend college before pursuing his interest in acting, Edwards early work included a co-starring role in the TV series It Takes Two with Richard Crenna and Patty Duke Astin as his parents and Helen Hunt as his sister. He made a cameo in the hit 1982 film Fast Times at Ridgemont High as Stoner Bud. In 1984, he starred in the hit comedy film Revenge of the Nerds playing the role of Gilbert Lowe. He reprised the role of Gilbert for a few scenes in the sequel Revenge of the Nerds II, Nerds in Paradise. It was Edwards role as LTJG Nick Goose Bradshaw alongside Tom Cruise in the 1986 film Top Gun that brought his first widespread public acknowledgement and his character, who died in an aviation accident, was among the most prominent and popular in the film. He appeared as an ill patient in Hawks alongside Timothy Dalton. He starred in the Cold War era comedy Gotcha. as a student who gets wrapped up in spy antics. He starred in the 1990 movie Downtown with Penelope Ann Miller and he also played widowed veterinarian Chase Matthews, father of Edward Furlongs character, in the horror film Pet Sematary Two, a sequel to the film Pet Sematary in 1989. In 1992 and 1993 he played Mike Monroe in ten episodes of Northern Exposure, Edwards best known role is as Dr. Mark Greene on the long-running TV series ER, whom he portrayed from its premiere in 1994 to the end of the 8th season in 2002. The series also afforded Edwards his first opportunity to direct, Edwards desire to pursue directing led to his request to be written out of the series. He reportedly earned $35 million for three seasons on ER, which made him one of televisions highest-paid actors, Edwards and his co-star George Clooney were the ones who suggested doing an episode of ER live. The fourth-season premiere, Ambush, was performed twice, with an East Coast. Edwards has not won a Primetime Emmy, though he has nominated four times. He won a Golden Globe Award For Best Performance by an Actor-In a TV Series after being nominated four times, and he has two Screen Actors Guild Awards
Anthony Edwards
–
Edwards at the 2001 Indy 500
7.
Tom Skerritt
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Thomas Roy Tom Skerritt is an American actor who has appeared in more than forty films and more than two hundred television episodes since 1962. He is known for his roles in MASH, Alien, Top Gun, A River Runs Through It, Up in Smoke, Skerritt has earned several awards and nominations, including a Primetime Emmy Award for Outstanding Lead Actor in a Drama Series in 1993 for Picket Fences. Skerritt was born in Detroit, Michigan, the son of Helen, a homemaker, and Roy Skerritt and he is the youngest of three children. A1951 graduate of Detroits Mackenzie High School, Skerritt attended Wayne State University, Skerritt served a tour of duty in the United States Air Force. Skerritt made his debut in War Hunt, produced by Terry Sanders. In 1988, he starred with Nancy Allen and Lara Flynn Boyle in Poltergeist III, in 1989, he played the role of Thomas Drummond Drum Eatenton in Steel Magnolias, it was a highly acclaimed movie. In 1992, he appeared in the critically acclaimed Robert Redford-directed film A River Runs Through It, Skerritt guest-starred in the television series The Real McCoys, as a letter carrier in the episode Aunt Win Steps In. In another Death Valley Days episode, A Sense of Justice, he played a young Roy Bean in San Diego, California,1850, with his older brother, Joshua Bean, played by Tris Coffin. He also appeared in the ABC series, Twelve OClock High, five episodes, Gunsmoke, also five episodes) and he then appeared in CBSs Picket Fences, in the role of Sheriff Jimmy Brock, for which he won an Emmy Award. More recently, he has starred in Homeland Security and The Grid and he portrayed the deceased William Walker on Brothers and Sisters, having appeared in the pilot as well as in several flashbacks scenes. This was his time playing the husband of Sally Field. He played the role of Ezekiel on ABC Familys Fallen miniseries and he also appeared as the guide on the showcase website for Microsofts Windows Vista operating system. He lent his voice in the video game Gun, where he voices as Clay Allison and he guest-starred in seasons three and four of Leverage as Nate Fords father. In February 2012, Skerritt played the role in Pacific Northwest Ballets production of Don Quixote. In 2014, Skerritt was reunited with ex-Picket Fences co-star, Lauren Holly, Skerritt is a co-founder of TheFilmSchool, in which he is also an instructor. Since 1988, he has divided his life between his Lake Washington home in suburban Seattle, Washington, and a second home on Lopez Island in the San Juan Islands. Skerritts first wife, Charlotte, is the mother of Skerritts three older children and his second wife, Sue, operates a Seattle bed and breakfast. She and Skerritt had one child Colin, Skerritt has an adopted daughter with his current wife Julie Tokahashi
Tom Skerritt
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Skerritt at the Phoenix Comicon Fan Fest (December 2014)
8.
Giorgio Moroder
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Giovanni Giorgio Moroder is an Italian singer, songwriter, DJ and record producer. Moroder is frequently credited with pioneering Italo disco and electronic dance music, when in Munich in the 1970s, he started his own record label called Oasis Records, which several years later became a subdivision of Casablanca Records. Moroder also composed the soundtrack for the film Midnight Express, which won an Academy Award, in 1990, he composed Unestate italiana, the official theme song of the 1990 FIFA World Cup. He also created a score of songs for performers including David Bowie, Kylie Minogue, Irene Cara, Janet Jackson, Madleen Kane, Melissa Manchester, Blondie, Japan, Moroder has stated that the work of which he is most proud is Berlins Take My Breath Away. What a Feeling earned him the Academy Award for Best Original Song in 1986 and 1983, Moroder was born Giovanni Giorgio Moroder on 26 April 1940 in Urtijëi in South Tyrol, Italy. He came to prominence in 1969, when his recording Looky Looky and he then made a name for himself in studios around Germany in the early 1970s. That same year he co-wrote and produced the seminal Donna Summer hit single I Feel Love, the following year he released Chase, the theme from the film Midnight Express. Chase is often used on the American syndicated late-night radio show Coast to Coast and was used as an entrance theme for wrestlings group The Midnight Express. These songs achieved some success in the United Kingdom, the United States and across Europe. The full film score for Midnight Express won him his first Academy Award for Best Original Score in 1979, in 1979 Moroder released his album E=MC². Text on the albums cover stated that it was the first electronic live-to-digital album and he also released three albums between 1977–1979 under the name Munich Machine. In 1980, he composed and produced two soundtrack albums, the first for Foxes and the second for American Gigolo. A double album of the Foxes soundtrack was released on the disco label Casablanca Records which includes Donna Summers hit single On the Radio, the Foxes soundtrack also contains a song titled Bad Love, written and performed by the singer-actress Cher and produced by Moroder. The American Gigolo soundtrack featured the Moroder-produced Call Me by Blondie, the combined club play of the albums tracks was number two for five weeks on the disco/dance charts. In 1982 he wrote the soundtrack of the movie Cat People, in 1983, Moroder produced the soundtrack for the film Scarface. During its initial release, the album was available in a few countries. Notable Moroder-produced tracks included Scarface by Paul Engemann, Rush Rush by Debbie Harry, in 1984, Moroder compiled a new restoration and edit of the silent film Metropolis and provided it with a contemporary soundtrack. This soundtrack includes seven pop music tracks from Pat Benatar, Jon Anderson, Adam Ant, Billy Squier, Loverboy, Bonnie Tyler and Freddie Mercury
Giorgio Moroder
–
Giorgio Moroder at
Melt! Festival 2015.
Giorgio Moroder
–
Giorgio Moroder in 2007.
9.
Paramount Pictures
–
Paramount Pictures Corporation is an American film studio based in Hollywood, California, that has been a subsidiary of the American media conglomerate Viacom since 1994. In 1916, film producer Adolph Zukor contracted 22 actors and actresses and these fortunate few would become the first movie stars. Paramount Pictures is a member of the Motion Picture Association of America, in 2014, Paramount Pictures became the first major Hollywood studio to distribute all of its films in digital form only. Paramount is the fifth oldest surviving studio in the world after the French studios Gaumont Film Company and Pathé, followed by the Nordisk Film company. It is the last major film studio headquartered in the Hollywood district of Los Angeles. Paramount Pictures dates its existence from the 1912 founding date of the Famous Players Film Company, hungarian-born founder, Adolph Zukor, who had been an early investor in nickelodeons, saw that movies appealed mainly to working-class immigrants. With partners Daniel Frohman and Charles Frohman he planned to offer feature-length films that would appeal to the class by featuring the leading theatrical players of the time. By mid-1913, Famous Players had completed five films, and Zukor was on his way to success and its first film was Les Amours de la reine Élisabeth, which starred Sarah Bernhardt. That same year, another aspiring producer, Jesse L. Lasky, opened his Lasky Feature Play Company with money borrowed from his brother-in-law, Samuel Goldfish, the Lasky company hired as their first employee a stage director with virtually no film experience, Cecil B. DeMille, who would find a site in Hollywood, near Los Angeles, for his first feature film. Hodkinson and actor, director, producer Hobart Bosworth had started production of a series of Jack London movies, Paramount was the first successful nationwide distributor, until this time, films were sold on a statewide or regional basis which had proved costly to film producers. Also, Famous Players and Lasky were privately owned while Paramount was a corporation, in 1916, Zukor maneuvered a three-way merger of his Famous Players, the Lasky Company, and Paramount. Zukor and Lasky bought Hodkinson out of Paramount, and merged the three companies into one, with only the exhibitor-owned First National as a rival, Famous Players-Lasky and its Paramount Pictures soon dominated the business. It was this system that gave Paramount a leading position in the 1920s and 1930s, the driving force behind Paramounts rise was Zukor. In 1926, Zukor hired independent producer B. P. Schulberg and they purchased the Robert Brunton Studios, a 26-acre facility at 5451 Marathon Street for US$1 million. In 1927, Famous Players-Lasky took the name Paramount Famous Lasky Corporation, three years later, because of the importance of the Publix Theatres, it became Paramount Publix Corporation. In 1928, Paramount began releasing Inkwell Imps, animated cartoons produced by Max, the Fleischers, veterans in the animation industry, were among the few animation producers capable of challenging the prominence of Walt Disney. The Paramount newsreel series Paramount News ran from 1927 to 1957, Paramount was also one of the first Hollywood studios to release what were known at that time as talkies, and in 1929, released their first musical, Innocents of Paris
Paramount Pictures
–
Logo used as of 2012
Paramount Pictures
–
Paramount Pictures logo, based on a design by founder
William Wadsworth Hodkinson, from 1917 to 1967.
Paramount Pictures
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Lasky's original studio, a.k.a.: "The Barn"; as it appeared in the mid-1920s. The Taft building, built in 1923, is visible in the background.
Paramount Pictures
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The original Paramount logo seen on its 1930s films and
Popeye shorts.
10.
Romance film
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Romance films make the romantic love story or the search for strong and pure love and romance the main plot focus. Occasionally, romance lovers face obstacles such as finances, physical illness, various forms of discrimination, as in all quite strong, deep, and close romantic relationships, tensions of day-to-day life, temptations, and differences in compatibility enter into the plots of romantic films. In romantic television series, the development of romantic relationships may play out over many episodes. Historical romance - A romantic story with a period setting and this includes films such as Gone with the Wind, Doctor Zhivago and Titanic. Romantic drama usually revolves around an obstacle which prevents deep and true love between two people. Music is often employed to indicate the mood, creating an atmosphere of greater insulation for the couple. The conclusion of a romantic drama typically does not indicate whether a final union between the two main characters will occur. Chick flick is a term associated with romance films as many are targeted to a female audience. As such, the terms cannot be used interchangeably, films of this genre include Dirty Dancing, The Notebook, Dear John, A Walk to Remember, and Romeo + Juliet. Romantic comedies are films with light-hearted, humorous plotlines, centered on romantic ideals such as true love is able to surmount most obstacles. Humour in such films tends to be of a verbal, low-key variety or situational, films within this genre include Four Weddings and a Funeral, Love Actually, Moonstruck, As Good as It Gets, Somethings Gotta Give, It Happened One Night, When Harry Met Sally. Romantic fantasies describe fantasy stories using many of the elements and conventions of the romance genre, romantic action comedies are films that blend romantic comedy and action. Examples include Killers, Knight and Day, Mr. & Mrs. Smith, This Means War, romantic thriller is a genre of film which has a storyline combining elements of the romance film and the thriller genre. Some examples of romantic thriller films are The Adjustment Bureau, The Phantom of the Opera, The Tourist, The Bodyguard, Unfaithful, and Wicker Park
Romance film
–
Tyrone Power passionately, lovingly, embraces
Alice Faye in the
1938 film Alexander's Ragtime Band.
11.
Military
–
The task of the military is usually defined as defense of the state, and its citizens, and the prosecution of war against another state. The profession of soldiering as part of a military is older than recorded history itself, some of the most enduring images of the classical antiquity portray the power and feats of its military leaders. The Battle of Kadesh in 1274 BC was one of the points of Pharaoh Ramses IIs reign. A thousand years later, the first emperor of unified China, Qin Shi Huang, was so determined to impress the gods with his military might, he was buried with an army of terracotta soldiers. The Romans were dedicated to military matters, leaving to posterity many treatises and writings, as well as a number of lavishly carved triumphal arches. Issue, Possibly cognate with Thousand, cf. Latin and Romance language root word mil-) The first recorded use of the military in English. It comes from the Latin militaris through French, but is of uncertain etymology, the word is now identified as denoting someone that is skilled in use of weapons, or engaged in military service, or in warfare. As a noun, the military usually refers generally to an armed forces, or sometimes, more specifically. In general, it refers to the physicality of armed forces, their personnel, equipment, as an adjective, military originally referred only to soldiers and soldiering, but it soon broadened to apply to land forces in general, and anything to do with their profession. The names of both the Royal Military Academy and United States Military Academy reflect this, as such, it now connotes any activity performed by armed force personnel. Military history is considered to be the history of all conflicts. Military history has a number of facets, one main facet is to learn from past accomplishments and mistakes, so as to more effectively wage war in the future. Another is to create a sense of tradition, which is used to create cohesive military forces. Still another may be to learn to prevent wars more effectively, human knowledge about the military is largely based on both recorded and oral history of military conflicts, their participating armies and navies and, more recently, air forces. In the whole history of humanity, every nation had different needs for military forces, how these needs are determined forms the basis of their composition, equipment, and use of facilities. It also determines what military does in terms of peacetime, All military forces, whether large or small, are military organizations that have official state, and world recognition as such. Organisations with similar features are paramilitary, civil defense, militia and these commonalities of the states military define them. Another role of military personnel is to ensure a continuous replacement of departing servicemen and women through recruitment
Military
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Soldiers from
the Canadian Grenadier Guards in the
Kandahar Province of Afghanistan
Military
–
CF-18 Hornet launches a laser-guided bomb
Military
–
The
Kawasaki C-1 is a tactical military transport of the
Japan Air Self-Defence Force.
Military
–
Dutch civilians celebrating the arrival of the
I Canadian Corps in
Utrecht as the
Canadian Army liberates the Netherlands from Nazi occupation
12.
Action film
–
Action film is a film genre in which the protagonist or protagonists end up in a series of challenges that typically include violence, extended fighting, physical feats, and frantic chases. Advancements in CGI have made it cheaper and easier to create action sequences, while action has long been a recurring component in films, the action film genre began to develop in the 1970s along with the increase of stunts and special effects. The genre is associated with the thriller and adventure film genres. Some historians consider The Great Train Robbery to be the first action film, during the 1920s and 1930s, action-based films were often swashbuckling adventure films in which actors, such as Douglas Fairbanks, wielded swords in period pieces or Westerns. The 1940s and 1950s saw action in a new form through war, the film, along with a war-adventure called The Guns of Navarone, inspired producers Albert R. Broccoli and Harry Saltzman to invest in their own spy-adventure, based on the novels of Ian Fleming. The long-running success of the James Bond films or series introduced a staple of the action film. Such larger-than-life characters were a veritable “one-man army”, able to dispatch villainous masterminds after cutting through their disposable henchmen in increasingly creative ways, such heroes are ready with one-liners, puns, and dry quips. The Bond films also used fast cutting, car chases, fist fights, a variety of weapons and gadgets, Dirty Harry essentially lifted its star, Clint Eastwood, out of his cowboy typecasting, and framed him as the archetypal hero of the urban action film. In many countries, restrictions on language, adult content, and violence had loosened up, in the 1970s, martial-arts films from Hong Kong became popular with Western audiences and inspired big budget films such as Bruce Lees Enter the Dragon. Chuck Norris blended martial arts with cops and robbers in films such as Good Guys Wear Black, from Japan, Sonny Chiba starred in his first martial arts movie in 1973 called the Karate Kiba. His breakthrough international hit was The Street Fighter series, which established him as the reigning Japanese martial arts actor in international cinema and he also played the role of Mas Oyama in Champion of Death, Karate Bearfighter, and Karate for Life. Chibas action films were not only bounded by martial arts, but also action thriller, jidaigeki, in the 1980s Hollywood produced many big budget action blockbusters with actors such as Sylvester Stallone, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Lorenzo Lamas, Michael Dudikoff, Charles Bronson and Bruce Willis. Steven Spielberg and George Lucas paid their homage to the Bond-inspired style with Raiders of the Lost Ark, in 1982, veteran actor Nick Nolte and rising comedian Eddie Murphy broke box office records with the action-comedy 48 Hrs. credited as the first buddy-cop movie. That same year, Sylvester Stallone starred in First Blood, the first installment in the Rambo film series made the character John Rambo a pop culture icon. 1984 saw the beginning of the Terminator starring Linda Hamilton and Arnold Schwarzenegger and this story provides one of the grittiest roles for a woman in action and Hamilton was required to put in extensive effort to develop a strong physique. The 1988 film, Die Hard, was influential on the development of the action genre. In the film, Bruce Willis plays a New York police detective who becomes embroiled in a terrorist take-over of a Los Angeles office building high-rise. The film set a pattern for a host of imitators, like Under Siege and Sudden Death, by the end of the 1980s, the influence of the successful action film could be felt in almost every genre
Action film
–
Actor
Sylvester Stallone starred as a troubled Vietnam war vet who becomes a "one man army" in the popular
Rambo action films.
13.
California (magazine)
–
The University of California, Berkeley, is a public research university located in Berkeley, California. In 1960s, UC Berkeley was particularly noted for the Free Speech Movement as well as the Anti-Vietnam War Movement led by its students. S, Department of Energy, and is home to many world-renowned research institutes and organizations including Mathematical Sciences Research Institute and Space Sciences Laboratory. Faculty member J. R. Oppenheimer, the father of the atomic bomb, Lawrence Livermore Lab also discovered or co-discovered six chemical elements. The Academic Ranking of World Universities also ranks the University of California, Berkeley, third in the world overall, in 1866, the private College of California purchased the land comprising the current Berkeley campus. Ten faculty members and almost 40 students made up the new University of California when it opened in Oakland in 1869, billings was a trustee of the College of California and suggested that the college be named in honor of the Anglo-Irish philosopher George Berkeley. In 1870, Henry Durant, the founder of the College of California, with the completion of North and South Halls in 1873, the university relocated to its Berkeley location with 167 male and 22 female students and held its first classes. In 1905, the University Farm was established near Sacramento, ultimately becoming the University of California, by the 1920s, the number of campus buildings had grown substantially, and included twenty structures designed by architect John Galen Howard. Robert Gordon Sproul served as president from 1930 to 1958, by 1942, the American Council on Education ranked UC Berkeley second only to Harvard University in the number of distinguished departments. During World War II, following Glenn Seaborgs then-secret discovery of plutonium, UC Berkeley physics professor J. Robert Oppenheimer was named scientific head of the Manhattan Project in 1942. Along with the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley is now a partner in managing two other labs, Los Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, originally, military training was compulsory for male undergraduates, and Berkeley housed an armory for that purpose. In 1917, Berkeleys ROTC program was established, and its School of Military Aeronautics trained future pilots, including Jimmy Doolittle, both Robert McNamara and Frederick C. Weyand graduated from UC Berkeleys ROTC program, earning B. A. degrees in 1937 and 1938, in 1926, future fleet admiral Chester W. Nimitz established the first Naval Reserve Officers Training Corps unit at Berkeley. The Board of Regents ended compulsory military training at Berkeley in 1962, during the McCarthy era in 1949, the Board of Regents adopted an anti-communist loyalty oath. A number of faculty members objected and were dismissed, ten years passed before they were reinstated with back pay, in 1952, the University of California became an entity separate from the Berkeley campus. Each campus was given autonomy and its own Chancellor. Then-president Sproul assumed presidency of the entire University of California system, Berkeley gained a reputation for student activism in the 1960s with the Free Speech Movement of 1964 and opposition to the Vietnam War. In the highly publicized Peoples Park protest in 1969, students and the school conflicted over use of a plot of land, then governor of California Ronald Reagan called the Berkeley campus a haven for communist sympathizers, protesters, and sex deviants. Modern students at Berkeley are less active, with a greater percentage of moderates and conservatives
California (magazine)
–
View, from Memorial Glade, of Sather Tower (The Campanile), the center of UC Berkeley. The ring of its bells and clock can be heard from all over campus.
California (magazine)
–
Seal of the University of California, Berkeley
California (magazine)
–
UC Berkeley Students participate in a one-day Peace Strike opposing U.S. involvement in World War II. April 19, 1940
California (magazine)
–
Sather Tower (the Campanile) looking out over the San Francisco Bay and
Mount Tamalpais.
14.
Lieutenant
–
A lieutenant is a junior commissioned officer in many nations armed forces, fire service or police. The meaning of lieutenant differs in different military formations, but is often subdivided into senior and junior ranks, in navies it is often equivalent to the army rank of captain, it may also indicate a particular post rather than a rank. The rank is used in fire services, emergency medical services, security services. Lieutenant may also appear as part of a used in various other organisations with a codified command structure. It often designates someone who is second-in-command, and as such, for example, a lieutenant master is likely to be second-in-command to the master in an organisation using both ranks. Political uses include lieutenant governor in various governments, and Quebec lieutenant in Canadian politics, in the United Kingdom, a lord lieutenant is the sovereigns representative in a county or lieutenancy area, while a deputy lieutenant is one of the lord lieutenants deputies. However, their efforts failed, and the French word is used, along with its many variations. The early history of the pronunciation is unclear, Middle English spellings suggest that the /luː-/ and /lɛf-/ pronunciations may have existed even then. The rare Old French variant spelling luef for Modern French lieu supports the suggestion that a final of the Old French word was in certain environments perceived as an, in Royal Naval tradition—and other English-speaking navies outside the United States—a reduced pronunciation /ləˈtɛnənt/ is used. This is not recognised as current by recent editions of the OED, conventionally, armies and other services or branches which use army-style rank titles have two grades of lieutenant, but a few also use a third, more junior, rank. Where more junior officers were employed as deputies to the lieutenant, they went by names, including second lieutenant, sub-lieutenant, ensign. The senior grade of lieutenant is known as first lieutenant in the United States, and as lieutenant in the United Kingdom, in countries which do not speak English, the rank title usually translates as lieutenant, but may also translate as first lieutenant or senior lieutenant. The Israel Defense Forces rank segen literally translates as deputy, which is equivalent to a lieutenant, there is great variation in the insignia used worldwide. In most English-speaking and Arabic-speaking countries, as well as a number of European and South American nations, an example of an exception is the United States, whose armed forces distinguish their lieutenant ranks with one silver bar for first lieutenant and one gold bar for second lieutenant. Second lieutenant is usually the most junior grade of commissioned officer, in non-English-speaking countries, the equivalent rank title may translate as second lieutenant, lieutenant, sub-lieutenant or junior lieutenant. Non-English terms include alferes, alférez, fänrik, ensign, Leutnant, letnan, poručík, a few non-English-speaking militaries maintain a lower rank, frequently translated as third lieutenant OF1c. The rank title may translate as second lieutenant, junior lieutenant, sub-lieutenant or ensign. Warsaw Pact countries standardised their ranking systems on the Soviet system, some of the former Soviet and Warsaw Pact nations have now discarded the third rank while many retain it like Bulgaria
Lieutenant
–
Australia
15.
Naval aviator
–
A Naval Aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a pilot in the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps or United States Coast Guard. In the U. S. AEDOs are frequently test pilot school graduates and retain their flying status, an even smaller number of Naval Aviators are in the U. S. Navy Medical Corps, primarily as Naval Flight Surgeons. The vast majority of Naval Flight Surgeons, although they are on flight status, are not dual designated and are not Naval Aviators, Marine Corps does not have restricted line officers or staff corps officers, as does the U. S. Navy. All current USMC naval aviators and naval officers are unrestricted line officers. Until 1981, the U. S. Navy and U. S. Marine Corps also had a number of senior enlisted personnel trained as pilots. Such individuals were referred to as naval aviation pilots, colloquially NAPs or APs, the naval aviation pilot wings worn by NAPs were identical in design to the naval aviator insignia worn by commissioned officers. The Silver Eagle title was a reflection that the badge on their uniform had a silver eagle. The U. S. Navy still has an number of senior officers on active duty in the Regular Navy or serving in the Navy Reserve who were originally accessed as NAVCADs. These individuals entered service via the NAVCAD program during the mid/late 1980s, after completion of their initial operational flying tour, they would receive an assignment to complete their bachelors degree. NAVCADs who failed to complete flight training were contractually obligated to enter fleet service as undesignated enlisted personnel. To become an aviator, non-prior service personnel must be between the ages of 19 and 27 when entering flight training. A smaller number were previously commissioned via the Navys limited duty officer or chief warrant officer programs, graduates of these programs are commissioned as Navy ensigns in the U. S. Navy or U. S. Coast Guard, or as second lieutenants in the Marine Corps. The longest of these pipelines is the E-2 or C-2A pipeline, All pipelines include ground and flight training at numerous locations. S. Air Forces 314th Airlift Wing at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas, IFS is the first step to becoming a naval aviator. After passing a medical screening, all new flight school students are enrolled in one of five civilian flight schools near NAS Pensacola, for those students requiring IFS, they will complete 2 weeks of ground training and approximately 14 hours of flight training in single-engine general aviation aircraft. Coast Guard Students complete 25 hours of flight training, a student must solo and pass the FAA private pilot knowledge test. Notable dramatization of API/AOCS, in media, An Officer and a Gentleman All SNAs start at the Cradle of Naval Aviation, NAS Pensacola, Florida. API classes consist of Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard SNAs, student naval flight officers, flight surgeons, Students receive four weeks of classroom instruction in aerodynamics, aircraft engines and systems, meteorology, air navigation, and flight rules and regulations
Naval aviator
–
Naval aviator insignia
Naval aviator
–
Marine Corps Aviation Pipeline
Naval aviator
–
Leather naval aviator "soft patch" worn on flight suits and flight jackets.
16.
Aircraft carrier
–
An aircraft carrier is a warship that serves as a seagoing airbase, equipped with a full-length flight deck and facilities for carrying, arming, deploying, and recovering aircraft. Typically, it is the ship of a fleet, as it allows a naval force to project air power worldwide without depending on local bases for staging aircraft operations. Aircraft carriers are expensive to build and are critical assets, there is no single definition of an aircraft carrier, and modern navies use several variants of the type. These variants are sometimes categorized as sub-types of aircraft carriers, Aircraft carriers may be classified according to the type of aircraft they carry and their operational assignments. Admiral Sir Mark Stanhope, former head of the Royal Navy, has said, To put it simply, as of April 2017, there are 37 active aircraft carriers in the world within twelve navies. The United States Navy has 10 large nuclear-powered fleet carriers, the largest carriers in the world, the Royal Navy of Great Britain is building two 280-m / 920-ft carriers, the Queen Elizabeth, and the Prince of Wales scheduled to go into service in 2020-2023. These are the largest carriers capable of fast speeds, by comparison, escort carriers were developed to provide defense for convoys of ships. They were smaller and slower with lower numbers of aircraft carried, most were built from mercantile hulls or, in the case of merchant aircraft carriers, were bulk cargo ships with a flight deck added on top. Light aircraft carriers were fast enough to operate with the main fleet, three nations currently operate carriers of this type, ten by the United States, and one each by France and Brazil for a total of twelve in service. Short take-off but arrested-recovery, these carriers are generally limited to carrying lighter fixed-wing aircraft with more limited payloads, currently, Russia, China, and India possess commissioned carriers of this type. Short take-off vertical-landing, limited to carrying STOVL aircraft and this type of aircraft carrier is currently in service with Italy. Some also count the nine US amphibious assault ships in their secondary light carrier role boosting the total to thirteen. Helicopter carrier, Helicopter carriers have an appearance to other aircraft carriers. Some are designed for addition of, or may include, a ski jump ramp allowing for STOVL operations or may have a ski jump installed before retirement of STOVL aircraft. In the past, some conventional carriers were converted and called commando carriers by the Royal Navy, some helicopter carriers with a resistant flight surface can operate STOVL jets. Currently the majority of carriers, but not all, are classified as amphibious assault ships. The US has nine of this type, France and Japan three, Australia two, the UK one, the Republic of Korea one and Spain one, the US and Spains amphibious assault ships operate STOVL jets in normal deployment. Supercarrier Fleet carrier Light aircraft carrier Escort carrier Several systems of identification symbol for aircraft carriers, two months later, on 18 January 1911, Ely landed his Curtiss pusher airplane on a platform on the armored cruiser USS Pennsylvania anchored in San Francisco Bay
Aircraft carrier
–
Four modern aircraft carriers of various types—
USS John C. Stennis,
Charles de Gaulle,
USS John F. Kennedy, helicopter carrier
HMS Ocean —and escort vessels.
Aircraft carrier
–
From bottom to top: Spanish light
V/STOL carrier
Príncipe de Asturias,
amphibious assault ship USS Wasp, fleet carrier
USS Forrestal, and light V/STOL carrier
HMS Invincible, showing size differences of late 20th century carriers
Aircraft carrier
–
Brazilian aircraft carrier
NAe São Paulo, foreground, and U.S. Navy carrier
USS Ronald Reagan during a combined training exercise
Aircraft carrier
–
USS Enterprise a
supercarrier of the
US Navy (left), sails alongside
Charles de Gaulle, a
fleet carrier of the
French Navy (right) both of which have the
CATOBAR configuration.
17.
USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
–
USS Enterprise, formerly CVA-65, is a decommissioned United States Navy aircraft carrier. She was the worlds first nuclear-powered aircraft carrier and the eighth United States naval vessel to bear the name, like her predecessor of World War II fame, she is nicknamed Big E. At 1,123 ft, she is the longest naval vessel ever built and her 93, 284-long-ton displacement ranked her as the 12th-heaviest supercarrier, after the 10 carriers of the Nimitz class and the USS Gerald R. Ford. Enterprise had a crew of some 4,600 service members, the only ship of her class, Enterprise was, at the time of inactivation, the third-oldest commissioned vessel in the United States Navy after the wooden-hulled USS Constitution and USS Pueblo. Enterprises home port was Naval Station Norfolk, Virginia as of September 2012 and her second home port was Naval Air Station Alameda until its closure in 1997. When in port at NAS Alameda, she was visible to those crossing the San Francisco–Oakland Bay Bridge and she was the flagship of Fleet Admiral Chester Nimitz while he lived in Berkeley, California until his death in 1966. Her final deployment, the last before her inactivation, began on 10 March 2012 and she was inactivated on 1 December 2012 and has undergone the 48 month inactivation process that rendered her unfit for further military service. Enterprise was officially decommissioned on February 3,2017, after over 55 years of service and she was stricken from the Naval Vessel Register the same day. The name has been adopted by the future Gerald R. Ford-class aircraft carrier USS Enterprise, Enterprise was meant to be the first of a class of six carriers, but construction costs ballooned and the remaining vessels were never laid down. Because of the huge cost of her construction, Enterprise was launched and commissioned without the planned RIM-2 Terrier missile launchers and these were never installed and the ships self-defense suite instead consisted of three shorter-range RIM-7 Sea Sparrow, Basic Point Defense Missile System launchers. Later upgrades added two NATO Sea Sparrow and three Mk 15 Phalanx CIWS gun mounts, One CIWS mount was later removed and two 21-cell RIM-116 Rolling Airframe Missile launchers were added. She is the carrier with four rudders, two more than other classes, and features a more cruiser-like hull. Enterprise also had a phased array radar system known as SCANFAR, SCANFAR was intended to be better at tracking multiple airborne targets than conventional rotating antenna radars. SCANFAR consisted of two radars, the AN/SPS-32 and the AN/SPS-33, the AN/SPS-32 was a long-range air search and target acquisition radar developed by Hughes for the US Navy. The AN/SPS-32 operated together with the AN/SPS-33, which was the square used for 3D tracking. It was installed on two vessels, Enterprise and the cruiser USS Long Beach, placing a massive power drain on the ships electric system. The technology of the AN/SPS-32 was based on vacuum tubes and the required constant repairs. The SPS-32 was a phased array radar which had a range of 400 nautical miles against large targets and these early phased arrays, replaced around 1980, were responsible for the distinctive square-looking island
USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
–
USS Enterprise underway in the Atlantic Ocean
USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
–
Enterprise in 1967, showing the ship's
SCANFAR antennas
USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
–
Enterprise is christened at Newport News shipyard in 1960.
USS Enterprise (CVN-65)
–
Sea Vixens of
893 NAS operating from Enterprise in 1962.
18.
Radar Intercept Officer
–
A naval flight officer is a commissioned officer in the United States Navy or United States Marine Corps who specializes in airborne weapons and sensor systems. NFOs are not pilots per se, but they may perform many co-pilot functions, until 1966, their duties were performed by both commissioned officer and senior enlisted naval aviation observers. NFOs in the US Navy all begin their careers as unrestricted line officers, eligible for command at sea and ashore in the various naval aviation aircraft type/model/series communities. Such officers are graduates of the U. S. Naval Test Pilot School and/or the U. S. Naval Postgraduate School with advanced academic degrees in aerospace engineering or similar disciplines. The counterpart to the NFO in the United States Air Force is the combat systems officer, encompassing the previous roles of navigator, weapon systems officer and electronic warfare officer. The United States Coast Guard had a short-lived NFO community in the 1980s and 1990s when it temporarily operated E-2C Hawkeye aircraft on loan from the Navy. Training for Student NFOs starts starts out the same as for Student Naval Aviators, with the academic requirements. The only real distinction is in physical requirements, where SNFOs may have less than 20/20 uncorrected distant vision, in fact, it is this 20/20 distant visual acuity requirement that typically routes prospective Naval Aviators into the Naval Flight Officer training track. Both SNAs and SNFOs go through the same introductory flight screening, the SNFO program has continued to evolve since the 1960s. Upon graduation from their respective advanced squadron, students receive their wings of gold and are designated as Naval Flight Officers. After winging, students conduct training at their respective fleet replacement squadron. All SNFOs and SNAs start their training with introductory flight screening. IFS consists of 2 phases, ground school and flight training, the ground school portion lasts about two weeks and culminates with the student completing the FAA private pilot exam. Afterwards, every student enrolls in one of several flight schools located near NAS Pensacola. Students complete approximately 14 hours of training in a single engine aircraft. IFS is normally waived for students entering training with a pilot license. SNFOs will train with Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard SNAs along with NATO and allied students in the SNA and SNFO tracks, aviation preflight indoctrination consists of academic instruction, hands-on interaction and aviation physiology, water survival, and land survival skills. Students selected for land-based platforms will continue on to the advanced maritime command and those that select carrier aviation will continue to Primary 2 training and remain at VT-10
Radar Intercept Officer
–
The warfare designation insignia of a naval flight officer
19.
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
–
It is located in Miramar, San Diego, California, about 10 miles north of Downtown San Diego. The airfield is named Mitscher Field after Admiral M. A. Mitscher who was the commander of Task Force 58 during World War II, in 1996, NFWS was relocated to Naval Air Station Fallon in western Nevada and merged into the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center. During the heyday of TOPGUN at NAS Miramar, the station was nicknamed Fightertown USA and it is bisected by Kearny Villa Road and Interstate 15. The area east of Kearny Villa Road, called East Miramar, is undeveloped and is used for military training, kumeyaay Native Americans were the first inhabitants in the vicinity of the base. Spain claimed the San Diego area in 1542 and colonized it beginning in 1769, in 1846 the crown issued a land grant that included the area of the current base to Don Santiago Argüello. After the American Civil War, the land was divided and sold to such as Edward Scripps, a newspaper publisher from the eastern United States. It was Scripps who named the area Miramar, meaning view of the sea, the land was predominantly used for grazing and farming into the early 20th century. During World War I, the U. S. Army acquired 12,721 acres of land in the Miramar Ranch area, on a mesa north of San Diego. Camp Kearny was opened on 18 January 1917 and was named after Stephen W. Kearny, the base was primarily used to train infantrymen on their way to the battlefields of Europe. During World War I an airstrip was never built on the property, although Army, following the Armistice, the base was used to demobilize servicemen and was closed on 20 October 1920. More than 1,200 buildings were demolished when the camp closed, charles Lindberghs Spirit of St. Louis airplane was built in nearby San Diego. Lindbergh used the abandoned Camp Kearny parade field to practice landings, during the 1930s, the Navy briefly used the air base for helium dirigibles. In 1932 a mooring mast and hangar were built at the camp for the dirigibles, but when the program was abandoned, by the time World War II began, Miramar was already undergoing a “precautionary” renovation. Camp Holcomb was built on part of old Camp Kearny, to be used for Marine artillery, Camp Elliott became home to Fleet Marine Force Training Center, West Coast and the 2nd Marine Division, charged with defending the California coast. Runways were constructed in 1940, and the 1st Marine Air Wing arrived on December 21 of that year, a month later, the Marines established Marine Corps Air Depot Camp Kearny, later renamed Marine Corps Air Depot Miramar, to avoid confusion with the Navy facility. The big Privateers proved too heavy for the concrete runway the Army had installed in 1936. During the 1940s, both the Navy and the Marine Corps occupied Miramar, East Miramar was used to train Marine artillery and armored personnel, while Navy and Marine Corps pilots trained on the western side. The bases were combined and designated Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in 1946, in 1947, the Marines moved to MCAS El Toro in Orange County, California, and Miramar was redesignated as NAAS Miramar
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
–
The Miramar flight line from above
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
–
Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
–
NAS Miramar in 1954.
Marine Corps Air Station Miramar
–
F/A-18 Hornet on the flight line at MCAS Miramar
20.
Take My Breath Away
–
Take My Breath Away is a song written by Giorgio Moroder and Tom Whitlock for the film Top Gun, performed by the band Berlin. It won the Academy Award for Best Original Song, as well as the Golden Globe Award for Best Original Song in 1986, the song was originally offered to The Motels, they released their original demo on their compilation album Anthologyland. Columbia Records suggested some of their artists, but eventually Moroder thought of the band Berlin. Whitlock did a few changes before Terri Nunn recorded the vocals. Moroder said that he is most proud of this song, of all the hits he has had in his career. Take My Breath Away is available on both the original Top Gun soundtrack album and the expanded edition. The song was featured in several of the bands best-of and remix albums, Best of Berlin 1979–1988, Master Series, Greatest Hits Remixed, Live, Sacred & Profane. Take My Breath Away was one of the songs not written by Berlins John Crawford that they had performed on any album up to that point. The re-release reached number three on the UK Singles Chart, bandmates John Crawford and Rob Brill are shown relaxing in the yard and then following Terri. This video clip can be seen occasionally in VH1 Europes Top 10 Movie Soundtracks program and this video was re-released within the 2004 Top Gun DVD Collectors Edition. Her version was produced by Billy Mann, Simpson chose to cover this song because she felt that it was the theme song of her relationship with her then husband, Nick Lachey. Simpsons version was included on the compilation album Now Thats What I Call Music. The remix is seen on Much Dance 2005 and it also received heavy airplay on Mainstream Urban stations. The song also became another hit for Simpson on the Hot 100 Singles Sales. In late 2005 it received a certification by the RIAA. Hong Kong singer Sandy Lam covered the cantonese version of the songs Passion on her album in 1987. Sodda Club featuring Hannah Aletheas cover of the song reached #16 in the UK Singles Chart in 2002, bimbo Jones produced his own electronica version of the track with singer Sylvia Tosun taking on the vocals. Chris Banuchi directed a video for this cover of Take My Breath Away
Take My Breath Away
–
"Take My Breath Away"
Take My Breath Away
21.
Berlin (band)
–
Berlin is an American new wave band. The group was formed in Los Angeles in 1978 by John Crawford, band members included Crawford, Terri Nunn, David Diamond, Ric Olsen, Matt Reid and Rod Learned. They were inspired by the work of Kraftwerk, Devo, Sparks. Their first single, A Matter of Time, was released in early 1979 on Zone-H Records and this was followed by the album Information. At this point, the band was having trouble gaining the attention and respect of the industry, according to Nunn, It was all skinny ties. The record labels just didnt understand what we were doing, Terri Nunn rejoined the band as singer in 1980, and they signed to independent label Enigma Records on which they released a double A-sided single, Tell Me Why / The Metro. The single was intended as a one-off, since Crawford was by focusing on his new band Fahrenheit. However, the single was a success, helping to finance the EP album, Pleasure Victim, the EP included their first significant hit, the controversial synth-driven Sex, which was banned by some radio stations due to its graphic lyrics. Due to the attention brought on by the single, wider release offers were made by larger record labels for Pleasure Victim, geffen Records offer was accepted and the label re-released Pleasure Victim worldwide in early 1983. The label also re-released The Metro, which became another hit. The band appeared at the 1983 US Festival, Take My Breath Away became their best-selling single in 1986 and a huge international hit, but also their last big hit. Aside from Nunn, members of the band were founding member John Crawford, Ric Olsen was brought in during the final recording of Pleasure Victim. Other members added were Matt Reid, Rob Brill and Rod Learned, berlins breakout EP, 1982s Pleasure Victim, featured Nunn, Crawford, and Diamond, as well as guitarist Ric Olsen, drummer, synthesist and producer Dan Van Patten and guitarist Chris Ruiz-Velasco. Before Pleasure Victim was completed, Van Patten and Ruiz-Velasco parted ways with Nunn, Crawford, Ric Olsen was brought in to complete tracks on Pleasure Victim. Berlin officially disbanded in 1987, partly due to the lack of success of their album Count Three & Pray and because of personal disagreements over the single Take My Breath Away. Nunn viewed it as a new song that allowed the band to perform globally. Later after the release of the 1991 solo album Moment of Truth, Nunn retained the rights to usage of the bands name after legal wranglings with the founding member of the group. Nunn recreated Berlin, with a new lineup of musicians, in 1997, in 1999, Berlin opened for The Go-Gos on their West Coast reunion tour
Berlin (band)
–
Berlin, 1984. L-R: David Diamond, Rob Brill,
Terri Nunn,
John Crawford, Matt Reid, and Ric Olsen.
22.
Library of Congress
–
The Library of Congress is the research library that officially serves the United States Congress and is the de facto national library of the United States. It is the oldest federal cultural institution in the United States, the Library is housed in three buildings on Capitol Hill in Washington, D. C. it also maintains the Packard Campus in Culpeper, Virginia, which houses the National Audio-Visual Conservation Center. The Library of Congress claims to be the largest library in the world and its collections are universal, not limited by subject, format, or national boundary, and include research materials from all parts of the world and in more than 450 languages. Two-thirds of the books it acquires each year are in other than English. The Library of Congress moved to Washington in 1800, after sitting for years in the temporary national capitals of New York. John J. Beckley, who became the first Librarian of Congress, was two dollars per day and was required to also serve as the Clerk of the House of Representatives. The small Congressional Library was housed in the United States Capitol for most of the 19th century until the early 1890s, most of the original collection had been destroyed by the British in 1814, during the War of 1812. To restore its collection in 1815, the bought from former president Thomas Jefferson his entire personal collection of 6,487 books. After a period of growth, another fire struck the Library in its Capitol chambers in 1851, again destroying a large amount of the collection. The Library received the right of transference of all copyrighted works to have two copies deposited of books, maps, illustrations and diagrams printed in the United States. It also began to build its collections of British and other European works and it included several stories built underground of steel and cast iron stacks. Although the Library is open to the public, only high-ranking government officials may check out books, the Library promotes literacy and American literature through projects such as the American Folklife Center, American Memory, Center for the Book, and Poet Laureate. James Madison is credited with the idea for creating a congressional library, part of the legislation appropriated $5,000 for the purchase of such books as may be necessary for the use of Congress. And for fitting up an apartment for containing them. Books were ordered from London and the collection, consisting of 740 books and 3 maps, was housed in the new Capitol, as president, Thomas Jefferson played an important role in establishing the structure of the Library of Congress. The new law also extended to the president and vice president the ability to borrow books and these volumes had been left in the Senate wing of the Capitol. One of the only congressional volumes to have survived was a government account book of receipts and it was taken as a souvenir by a British Commander whose family later returned it to the United States government in 1940. Within a month, former president Jefferson offered to sell his library as a replacement
Library of Congress
–
Construction of the
Thomas Jefferson Building, from July 8, 1888, to May 15, 1894.
Library of Congress
Library of Congress
–
The West façade of the Library of Congress in 1898
Library of Congress
–
The Library of Congress inside the
U.S. Capitol Building c. 1890
23.
National Film Registry
–
The National Film Registry is the United States National Film Preservation Boards selection of films for preservation in the Library of Congress. The NFPB, established by the National Film Preservation Act of 1988, was reauthorized by acts of Congress in 1992,1996,2005, and again in October 2008. The NFPBs mission, to which the NFR contributes, is to ensure the survival, conservation, the 1996 law also created the non-profit National Film Preservation Foundation which, although affiliated with the NFPB, raises money from the private sector. To be eligible for inclusion, a film must be at least ten years old, for the first selection in 1989, the public nominated almost 1,000 films for consideration. Members of the NFPB then developed individual ballots of possible films for inclusion, the ballots were tabulated into a list of 25 films which was then modified by Librarian of Congress James H. Billington and his staff at the Library for the final selection. Since 1997, members of the public have been able to nominate up to 50 films a year for the NFPB, the NFR includes films ranging from Hollywood classics to orphan films. A film is not required to be feature-length, nor is it required to have been released in the traditional sense. As of the 2016 listing, there are 700 films preserved in the Registry, currently, the earliest listed film is Newark Athlete, and the most recent is 13 Lakes. Counting the 11 multi-year serials in the NFR once each by year of completion, the years with the most films selected are 1928,1939, the time between a films debut and its selection varies greatly. The longest span is 119 years, Newark Athlete was originally released in 1891, the shortest span is the minimum 10 years, this distinction is shared by Raging Bull, Do the Right Thing, Goodfellas, Toy Story, Fargo and 13 Lakes. For purposes of this list, multi-year serials are counted once by year of completion
National Film Registry
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Logo for the National Film Registry
National Film Registry
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The 47-second long
The Kiss (1896) was one of the first films shown commercially to the public.
National Film Registry
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The Great Train Robbery (1903) used a variety of editing techniques that were becoming popular at the time of its release.
National Film Registry
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Although not the first animated film,
Gertie the Dinosaur became the first popular cartoon.
24.
United States Naval Aviator
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A Naval Aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a pilot in the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps or United States Coast Guard. In the U. S. AEDOs are frequently test pilot school graduates and retain their flying status, an even smaller number of Naval Aviators are in the U. S. Navy Medical Corps, primarily as Naval Flight Surgeons. The vast majority of Naval Flight Surgeons, although they are on flight status, are not dual designated and are not Naval Aviators, Marine Corps does not have restricted line officers or staff corps officers, as does the U. S. Navy. All current USMC naval aviators and naval officers are unrestricted line officers. Until 1981, the U. S. Navy and U. S. Marine Corps also had a number of senior enlisted personnel trained as pilots. Such individuals were referred to as naval aviation pilots, colloquially NAPs or APs, the naval aviation pilot wings worn by NAPs were identical in design to the naval aviator insignia worn by commissioned officers. The Silver Eagle title was a reflection that the badge on their uniform had a silver eagle. The U. S. Navy still has an number of senior officers on active duty in the Regular Navy or serving in the Navy Reserve who were originally accessed as NAVCADs. These individuals entered service via the NAVCAD program during the mid/late 1980s, after completion of their initial operational flying tour, they would receive an assignment to complete their bachelors degree. NAVCADs who failed to complete flight training were contractually obligated to enter fleet service as undesignated enlisted personnel. To become an aviator, non-prior service personnel must be between the ages of 19 and 27 when entering flight training. A smaller number were previously commissioned via the Navys limited duty officer or chief warrant officer programs, graduates of these programs are commissioned as Navy ensigns in the U. S. Navy or U. S. Coast Guard, or as second lieutenants in the Marine Corps. The longest of these pipelines is the E-2 or C-2A pipeline, All pipelines include ground and flight training at numerous locations. S. Air Forces 314th Airlift Wing at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas, IFS is the first step to becoming a naval aviator. After passing a medical screening, all new flight school students are enrolled in one of five civilian flight schools near NAS Pensacola, for those students requiring IFS, they will complete 2 weeks of ground training and approximately 14 hours of flight training in single-engine general aviation aircraft. Coast Guard Students complete 25 hours of flight training, a student must solo and pass the FAA private pilot knowledge test. Notable dramatization of API/AOCS, in media, An Officer and a Gentleman All SNAs start at the Cradle of Naval Aviation, NAS Pensacola, Florida. API classes consist of Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard SNAs, student naval flight officers, flight surgeons, Students receive four weeks of classroom instruction in aerodynamics, aircraft engines and systems, meteorology, air navigation, and flight rules and regulations
United States Naval Aviator
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Naval aviator insignia
United States Naval Aviator
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Marine Corps Aviation Pipeline
United States Naval Aviator
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Leather naval aviator "soft patch" worn on flight suits and flight jackets.
25.
Lieutenant (junior grade)
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The rank is also used in the United States Maritime Service. The NOAA Corpss predecessors, the United States Coast and Geodetic Survey Corps, promotion to LTJG is governed by Department of Defense policies derived from the Defense Officer Personnel Management Act of 1980. DOPMA guidelines suggest all fully qualified ensigns should be promoted to LTJG, the time for promotion to LTJG is a minimum of two years after commissioning in the Navy or 18 months in the Coast Guard. Lieutenants, junior grade typically lead petty officers and non-rated personnel, a LTJGs usual shipboard billet is as a division officer. Lieutenant, junior grade is referred to colloquially as JG. Prior to March 3,1883, this rank was known in the Navy as Master, solid Snake was disguised as this U. S. Navy SEAL. S
Lieutenant (junior grade)
–
Lieutenant, Junior Grade Shaina Hayden of the
United States Navy, renders a salute in November 2008.
26.
Grumman F-14 Tomcat
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The Grumman F-14 Tomcat is an American supersonic, twin-engine, two-seat, variable-sweep wing fighter aircraft. The Tomcat was developed for the United States Navys Naval Fighter Experimental program after the collapse of the F-111B project, the F-14 was the first of the American teen-series fighters, which were designed incorporating air combat experience against MiG fighters during the Vietnam War. The F-14 first flew in December 1970 and made its first deployment in 1974 with the U. S. Navy aboard USS Enterprise, replacing the McDonnell Douglas F-4 Phantom II. The F-14 served as the U. S. Navys primary maritime air superiority fighter, fleet defense interceptor, the Low Altitude Navigation and Targeting Infrared for Night pod system were added in the 1990s and the Tomcat began performing precision ground-attack missions. In the 1980s F-14s were used as land-based interceptors by the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force during the Iran–Iraq War, where they saw combat against Iraqi warplanes. Iranian F-14s reportedly shot down at least 160 Iraqi aircraft during the war, while only 12 to 16 Tomcats were lost, the Tomcat was retired from the U. S. Navys active fleet on 22 September 2006, having been supplanted by the Boeing F/A-18E/F Super Hornet. The F-14 remains in service with the Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force, the U. S. Navy needed a Fleet Air Defense aircraft with a more powerful radar and longer range missiles than the F-4 Phantom II carried to intercept both enemy bombers and missiles. The Navy was directed to participate in the Tactical Fighter Experimental program with the U. S. Air Force by Secretary of Defense Robert McNamara. The Navy strenuously opposed the TFX as it feared compromises necessary for the Air Forces need for an attack aircraft would adversely impact the aircrafts performance as a fighter. Weight and performance issues plagued the U. S. Navy F-111B variant for TFX, the F-111 manufacturer General Dynamics partnered with Grumman on the Navy F-111B. With the F-111B program in distress, Grumman began studying improvements, in 1966, the Navy awarded Grumman a contract to begin studying advanced fighter designs. Grumman narrowed down these designs to its 303 design, the Navy studied the need for VFAX, an additional fighter that was agiler than the F-4 Phantom for air-combat and ground-attack roles. Grumman continued work on its 303 design and offered it to the Navy in 1967, the company continued to refine the design into 1968. In July 1968, the Naval Air Systems Command issued a request for proposals for the Naval Fighter Experimental program, VFX called for a tandem two-seat, twin-engined air-to-air fighter with a maximum speed of Mach 2.2. It would also have a built-in M61 Vulcan cannon and a close air support role. The VFXs air-to-air missiles would be either six AIM-54 Phoenix or a combination of six AIM-7 Sparrow, bids were received from General Dynamics, Grumman, Ling-Temco-Vought, McDonnell Douglas and North American Rockwell, four bids incorporated variable-geometry wings. McDonnell Douglas and Grumman were selected as finalists in December 1968, Grumman was selected for the contract award in January 1969. Upon winning the contract for the F-14, Grumman greatly expanded its Calverton, Long Island, much of the testing, including the first of many compressor stalls and multiple ejections, took place over Long Island Sound
Grumman F-14 Tomcat
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F-14 Tomcat
Grumman F-14 Tomcat
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The F-111B was designed to fulfil the carrier-based interceptor role, but was found to have weight and performance problems, and was not suited to the aerial combat then becoming apparent in Vietnam
Grumman F-14 Tomcat
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Grumman's VFX entry was designed around the TF30 engines, AWG-9 radar and AIM-54 missile intended for the F-111B; this eventually became the F-14A
Grumman F-14 Tomcat
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An F-14D launching an
AIM-7 Sparrow; a
GBU-24 Paveway III is also being carried.
27.
The finger
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In Western culture, the finger or the middle finger is an obscene hand gesture. The gesture communicates moderate to extreme contempt, and is equivalent in meaning to fuck off, fuck you, shove it up your ass, up yours. It is performed by showing the back of a hand that has only the middle finger extended upwards, extending the finger is considered a symbol of contempt in several cultures, especially in the West. Many cultures use similar gestures to display their disrespect, although others use it to express pointing without intentional disrespect toward other cultures, the gesture is usually used to express contempt but can also be used humorously or playfully. The gesture dates back to Ancient Greece and it was used in Ancient Rome. In some modern cultures, it has gained increasing recognition as a sign of disrespect, and has been used by artists, actors, celebrities, athletes. Most still view the gesture as obscene, the index finger and ring finger besides the middle finger in more contemporary periods has been likened to represent the testicles. The middle finger gesture was used in Ancient times as a symbol of sexual intercourse, in a manner meant to degrade, intimidate and threaten the individual receiving the gesture. It also represented the phallus, with the next to the middle finger representing testicles, from its close association. In the 1st-century Mediterranean world, extending the finger was one of methods used to divert the ever-present threat of the evil eye. In Greek the gesture was known as the katapygon, in ancient Greek comedy, the finger was a gesture of insult toward another person, with the term katapugon also referring to a male who submits to anal penetration or katapygaina to a female. In Aristophaness comedy The Clouds, when the character Socrates is quizzing his student on poetic meters, Strepsiades declares that he knows quite well what a dactyl is, and gives the finger. The gesture is a pun on the two meanings of the Greek word dactylos, both finger and the rhythmic measure composed of a long syllable and two short, like the joints of a finger. Socrates reacts to the gesture as boorish and childish, the gesture recurs as a form of mockery in Peace, alongside farting in someones face, the usage is later explained in the Suda and included in the Adagia of Erasmus. The verb to play the Siphnian appears in a fragment of Aristophanes and has a meaning, the usage is once again explained in the Suda. Diogenes Laërtius records how the Cynic philosopher Diogenes directed the gesture at the orator Demosthenes in 4th-century BC Athens, in the Discourses of Epictetus, Diogeness target is instead one of the sophists. In Latin, the finger was the digitus impudicus, meaning the shameless. The poet Martial has a character in good health extend the indecent one toward three doctors, in another epigram, Martial wrote, Laugh loud, Sextillus, at whoever calls you a cinaedus and extend your middle finger
The finger
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The Finger
The finger
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The
Cynic philosopher Diogenes, pictured by
Gérôme with the large jar in which he lived; when strangers at the inn were expressing their wish to catch sight of the great orator
Demosthenes, Diogenes is said to have stuck out his middle finger and exclaimed "this, for you, is the
demagogue of the
Athenians "
The finger
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Baseball pitcher
Old Hoss Radbourn pictured giving the finger to cameraman, 1886. (Back row, far left). First known photograph of the gesture.
The finger
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A group of homeless children from Keningauin, in Borneo, giving the finger while sniffing
glue from a plastic bag.
28.
Wings of Gold
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A Naval Aviator is a commissioned officer or warrant officer qualified as a pilot in the United States Navy, United States Marine Corps or United States Coast Guard. In the U. S. AEDOs are frequently test pilot school graduates and retain their flying status, an even smaller number of Naval Aviators are in the U. S. Navy Medical Corps, primarily as Naval Flight Surgeons. The vast majority of Naval Flight Surgeons, although they are on flight status, are not dual designated and are not Naval Aviators, Marine Corps does not have restricted line officers or staff corps officers, as does the U. S. Navy. All current USMC naval aviators and naval officers are unrestricted line officers. Until 1981, the U. S. Navy and U. S. Marine Corps also had a number of senior enlisted personnel trained as pilots. Such individuals were referred to as naval aviation pilots, colloquially NAPs or APs, the naval aviation pilot wings worn by NAPs were identical in design to the naval aviator insignia worn by commissioned officers. The Silver Eagle title was a reflection that the badge on their uniform had a silver eagle. The U. S. Navy still has an number of senior officers on active duty in the Regular Navy or serving in the Navy Reserve who were originally accessed as NAVCADs. These individuals entered service via the NAVCAD program during the mid/late 1980s, after completion of their initial operational flying tour, they would receive an assignment to complete their bachelors degree. NAVCADs who failed to complete flight training were contractually obligated to enter fleet service as undesignated enlisted personnel. To become an aviator, non-prior service personnel must be between the ages of 19 and 27 when entering flight training. A smaller number were previously commissioned via the Navys limited duty officer or chief warrant officer programs, graduates of these programs are commissioned as Navy ensigns in the U. S. Navy or U. S. Coast Guard, or as second lieutenants in the Marine Corps. The longest of these pipelines is the E-2 or C-2A pipeline, All pipelines include ground and flight training at numerous locations. S. Air Forces 314th Airlift Wing at Little Rock AFB, Arkansas, IFS is the first step to becoming a naval aviator. After passing a medical screening, all new flight school students are enrolled in one of five civilian flight schools near NAS Pensacola, for those students requiring IFS, they will complete 2 weeks of ground training and approximately 14 hours of flight training in single-engine general aviation aircraft. Coast Guard Students complete 25 hours of flight training, a student must solo and pass the FAA private pilot knowledge test. Notable dramatization of API/AOCS, in media, An Officer and a Gentleman All SNAs start at the Cradle of Naval Aviation, NAS Pensacola, Florida. API classes consist of Navy, Marine Corps, and Coast Guard SNAs, student naval flight officers, flight surgeons, Students receive four weeks of classroom instruction in aerodynamics, aircraft engines and systems, meteorology, air navigation, and flight rules and regulations
Wings of Gold
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Naval aviator insignia
Wings of Gold
–
Marine Corps Aviation Pipeline
Wings of Gold
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Leather naval aviator "soft patch" worn on flight suits and flight jackets.
29.
Commander, Air Group
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A carrier air wing is an operational naval aviation organization composed of several aircraft squadrons and detachments of various types of fixed wing and rotary wing aircraft. While the CVBG term is used by other nations, the CVBG in US parlance is now known as a carrier strike group. Until 1963, Carrier Air Wings were known as Carrier Air Groups, the United States Marine Corps equivalent command-level organization to a CVW is the Marine Aircraft Group. However, MAGs are shore-based and may contain any combination of aircraft squadrons, Carrier Air Wings integrate closely with their assigned aircraft carriers, forming a carrier/air wing team that trains and deploys together. There are currently ten U. S. Navy Carrier Air Wings, four based at NAS Oceana, Virginia, five based at NAS Lemoore, California, and one forward deployed to NAF Atsugi, Japan. In 2017 the air wing at NAF Atsugi began a move of its fixed wing squadrons to Marine Corps Air Station Iwakuni. The move is expected to place over three years. The air wings helicopter squadrons will remain at NAF Atsugi and these air wings are occasionally reassigned to different aircraft carriers based on carrier maintenance schedules. A modern air wing consists of roughly 1,500 personnel, the first Carrier Air Groups were activated in 1937. From July 1937 to mid-1942, Carrier Air Groups were permanently assigned to and identified by their parent aircraft carrier, for example, the Enterprise Air Group, assigned to USS Enterprise, were all numbered 6, Fighting Squadron 6, Bombing Squadron 6, etc. From 1942, numerical designation of air groups began, the first being Carrier Air Group 9, for a while, they were given unique numbers according to their assigned carriers hull number. This numbering scheme was soon scrapped as carrier groups frequently moved from carrier to carrier. At this point, the carrier groups simply retained their number designation regardless of the carrier assigned, the first formal system for air group identification was established in January 1945. This consisted of geometric symbols that identified the parent carrier, not the air group, as there were just too many carriers and the symbols were hard to remember or to describe over the radio, a single or double letter system was introduced in July 1945. The letters, however, still identified the carrier, not the air group, due to the ongoing combat and the end of the war, a mix of identification codes was used in late 1945. Starting in late 1946, the identified the carrier air group. The use of letters was discontinued in 1957. On 15 November 1946, to correct the results of demobilization which had left squadron numbers all out of sequence, sweeping changes were made in air unit designations
Commander, Air Group
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Aircraft from Carrier Air Wing Two fly in formation above the USS Abraham Lincoln.
Commander, Air Group
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The 1945 Visual Identification System.
Commander, Air Group
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A VBF-88
FG-1D Corsair showing the letter code introduced in July 1945.
Commander, Air Group
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A Carrier Air Group over battleships in 1940.
30.
NAS Miramar
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It is located in Miramar, San Diego, California, about 10 miles north of Downtown San Diego. The airfield is named Mitscher Field after Admiral M. A. Mitscher who was the commander of Task Force 58 during World War II, in 1996, NFWS was relocated to Naval Air Station Fallon in western Nevada and merged into the Naval Strike and Air Warfare Center. During the heyday of TOPGUN at NAS Miramar, the station was nicknamed Fightertown USA and it is bisected by Kearny Villa Road and Interstate 15. The area east of Kearny Villa Road, called East Miramar, is undeveloped and is used for military training, kumeyaay Native Americans were the first inhabitants in the vicinity of the base. Spain claimed the San Diego area in 1542 and colonized it beginning in 1769, in 1846 the crown issued a land grant that included the area of the current base to Don Santiago Argüello. After the American Civil War, the land was divided and sold to such as Edward Scripps, a newspaper publisher from the eastern United States. It was Scripps who named the area Miramar, meaning view of the sea, the land was predominantly used for grazing and farming into the early 20th century. During World War I, the U. S. Army acquired 12,721 acres of land in the Miramar Ranch area, on a mesa north of San Diego. Camp Kearny was opened on 18 January 1917 and was named after Stephen W. Kearny, the base was primarily used to train infantrymen on their way to the battlefields of Europe. During World War I an airstrip was never built on the property, although Army, following the Armistice, the base was used to demobilize servicemen and was closed on 20 October 1920. More than 1,200 buildings were demolished when the camp closed, charles Lindberghs Spirit of St. Louis airplane was built in nearby San Diego. Lindbergh used the abandoned Camp Kearny parade field to practice landings, during the 1930s, the Navy briefly used the air base for helium dirigibles. In 1932 a mooring mast and hangar were built at the camp for the dirigibles, but when the program was abandoned, by the time World War II began, Miramar was already undergoing a “precautionary” renovation. Camp Holcomb was built on part of old Camp Kearny, to be used for Marine artillery, Camp Elliott became home to Fleet Marine Force Training Center, West Coast and the 2nd Marine Division, charged with defending the California coast. Runways were constructed in 1940, and the 1st Marine Air Wing arrived on December 21 of that year, a month later, the Marines established Marine Corps Air Depot Camp Kearny, later renamed Marine Corps Air Depot Miramar, to avoid confusion with the Navy facility. The big Privateers proved too heavy for the concrete runway the Army had installed in 1936. During the 1940s, both the Navy and the Marine Corps occupied Miramar, East Miramar was used to train Marine artillery and armored personnel, while Navy and Marine Corps pilots trained on the western side. The bases were combined and designated Marine Corps Air Station Miramar in 1946, in 1947, the Marines moved to MCAS El Toro in Orange County, California, and Miramar was redesignated as NAAS Miramar
NAS Miramar
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The Miramar flight line from above
NAS Miramar
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Naval Consolidated Brig, Miramar
NAS Miramar
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NAS Miramar in 1954.
NAS Miramar
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F/A-18 Hornet on the flight line at MCAS Miramar
