Toussaint Louverture
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François-Dominique Toussaint Louverture, also known as Toussaint L'Ouverture or Toussaint Bréda, was a Haitian general and the most prominent leader of the Haitian Revolution. During his life, Louvert
1813 portrait
Apocryphal print of Toussaint reading Abbé Raynal's Histoire des deux Indes before the revolution (1853)
Louverture, as depicted in an 1802 French engraving
Louverture surveying his troops
Jean-Jacques Dessalines
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Jean-Jacques Dessalines was the first Haitian Emperor, leader of the Haitian Revolution, and the first ruler of an independent Haiti under the 1805 constitution. Initially regarded as governor-general
Toussaint Louverture
…leader, Louverture displayed military and political acumen that helped transform the fledgling slave rebellion into a revolutionary movement. Along with Jean-Jacques Dessalines, Louverture is now known as one of the "Fathers of Haiti" and a figure of Haitian mythology, where he was celebrated as a founder of the black nation…
Portrait by Louis Rigaud, 1878
A posthumous depiction of Dessalines in The Oath of the Ancestors (1822)
Dessalines' coronation
Dessalines holding a white woman's head