1.
Canada
–
Canada is a country in the northern half of North America. Canadas border with the United States is the worlds longest binational land border, the majority of the country has a cold or severely cold winter climate, but southerly areas are warm in summer. Canada is sparsely populated, the majority of its territory being dominated by forest and tundra. It is highly urbanized with 82 per cent of the 35.15 million people concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, One third of the population lives in the three largest cities, Toronto, Montreal and Vancouver. Its capital is Ottawa, and other urban areas include Calgary, Edmonton, Quebec City, Winnipeg. Various aboriginal peoples had inhabited what is now Canada for thousands of years prior to European colonization. Pursuant to the British North America Act, on July 1,1867, the colonies of Canada, New Brunswick and this began an accretion of provinces and territories to the mostly self-governing Dominion to the present ten provinces and three territories forming modern Canada. With the Constitution Act 1982, Canada took over authority, removing the last remaining ties of legal dependence on the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Canada is a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy, with Queen Elizabeth II being the head of state. The country is officially bilingual at the federal level and it is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many other countries. Its advanced economy is the eleventh largest in the world, relying chiefly upon its abundant natural resources, Canadas long and complex relationship with the United States has had a significant impact on its economy and culture. Canada is a country and has the tenth highest nominal per capita income globally as well as the ninth highest ranking in the Human Development Index. It ranks among the highest in international measurements of government transparency, civil liberties, quality of life, economic freedom, Canada is an influential nation in the world, primarily due to its inclusive values, years of prosperity and stability, stable economy, and efficient military. While a variety of theories have been postulated for the origins of Canada. In 1535, indigenous inhabitants of the present-day Quebec City region used the word to direct French explorer Jacques Cartier to the village of Stadacona, from the 16th to the early 18th century Canada referred to the part of New France that lay along the St. Lawrence River. In 1791, the area became two British colonies called Upper Canada and Lower Canada collectively named The Canadas, until their union as the British Province of Canada in 1841. Upon Confederation in 1867, Canada was adopted as the name for the new country at the London Conference. The transition away from the use of Dominion was formally reflected in 1982 with the passage of the Canada Act, later that year, the name of national holiday was changed from Dominion Day to Canada Day
2.
Toronto Transit Commission
–
The Toronto Transit Commission is a public transport agency that operates bus, rapid transit, streetcar, and paratransit services in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1921, the TTC comprises four rapid transit lines with 69 stations, over 149 bus routes, and 10 streetcar lines. In 4th quarter 2012, the daily ridership was 2.76 million passengers,1,425,300 by bus,271,100 by streetcar,46,400 by intermediate rail. The TTC also operates paratransit service for the elderly and disabled. The TTC is the third most heavily used urban mass transit system in North America, after the New York City Transit Authority, public transit in Toronto started in 1849 with a privately operated transit service. In later years, the city operated some routes, but in 1921 assumed control over all routes, during this period, streetcars provided the bulk of the service. In 1954, the TTC adopted its present name, opened the first subway line, the system has evolved to feature a wide network of surface routes with the subway lines as the backbone. On February 17,2008, the TTC made many improvements, finally reversing more than a decade of service reductions. The Gloucester subway cars, the first version of TTC subway cars, another common slogan is The Better Way. The TTC has recovered about 70% of its costs from the fare box in recent years. From its creation in 1921 until 1971, the TTC was self-supporting both for capital and operations, deficits and subsidies soared throughout the 1970s and 1980s, followed by service cuts and a period of ridership decline in the 1990s, partly attributable to recession. Since then, the TTC has consistently been in financial difficulties, Service cuts were averted in 2007, though, when the Toronto City Council voted to introduce new taxes to help pay for city services, including the TTC. As a result, the TTC became the largest transit operator in Anglo-America not to receive provincial/state subsidies, the TTC has received federal funding for capital projects from as early as 2009. The TTC is also considered one of the costliest transit systems per fare price in North America, for the 2011 operating year, the TTC had a projected operating budget of $1.45 billion. Revenue from fares covered approximately 70% of the budget, whereas the remaining 30% originated from the city, in 2009 through 2011, provincial and federal subsidies amounted to 0% of the budget. In contrast to this, STM Montreal receives approximately 10% of its budget from the provincial government. The fairness of preferentially subsidizing transit in specific Canadian cities has been questioned by citizens, the TTC operated the ferry service to the Toronto Islands from 1927 to 1962, when it was transferred to the Metro Parks and Culture department. Gray Coach Lines was a suburban and regional intercity bus operator founded in 1927 by the TTC, Gray Coach used interurban coaches to link Toronto to points throughout southern Ontario
3.
Toronto
–
Toronto is the most populous city in Canada and the provincial capital of Ontario. With a population of 2,731,571, it is the fourth most populous city in North America after Mexico City, New York City, and Los Angeles. A global city, Toronto is a centre of business, finance, arts, and culture. Aboriginal peoples have inhabited the area now known as Toronto for thousands of years, the city itself is situated on the southern terminus of an ancient Aboriginal trail leading north to Lake Simcoe, used by the Wyandot, Iroquois, and the Mississauga. Permanent European settlement began in the 1790s, after the broadly disputed Toronto Purchase of 1787, the British established the town of York, and later designated it as the capital of Upper Canada. During the War of 1812, the town was the site of the Battle of York, York was renamed and incorporated as the city of Toronto in 1834, and became the capital of the province of Ontario during the Canadian Confederation in 1867. The city proper has since expanded past its original borders through amalgamation with surrounding municipalities at various times in its history to its current area of 630.2 km2. While the majority of Torontonians speak English as their primary language, Toronto is a prominent centre for music, theatre, motion picture production, and television production, and is home to the headquarters of Canadas major national broadcast networks and media outlets. Toronto is known for its skyscrapers and high-rise buildings, in particular the tallest free-standing structure in the Western Hemisphere. The name Toronto is likely derived from the Iroquois word tkaronto and this refers to the northern end of what is now Lake Simcoe, where the Huron had planted tree saplings to corral fish. A portage route from Lake Ontario to Lake Huron running through this point, in the 1660s, the Iroquois established two villages within what is today Toronto, Ganatsekwyagon on the banks of the Rouge River and Teiaiagonon the banks of the Humber River. By 1701, the Mississauga had displaced the Iroquois, who abandoned the Toronto area at the end of the Beaver Wars, French traders founded Fort Rouillé on the current Exhibition grounds in 1750, but abandoned it in 1759. During the American Revolutionary War, the region saw an influx of British settlers as United Empire Loyalists fled for the British-controlled lands north of Lake Ontario, the new province of Upper Canada was in the process of creation and needed a capital. Dorchester intended the location to be named Toronto, in 1793, Governor John Graves Simcoe established the town of York on the Toronto Purchase lands, instead naming it after Prince Frederick, Duke of York and Albany. Simcoe decided to move the Upper Canada capital from Newark to York, the York garrison was constructed at the entrance of the towns natural harbour, sheltered by a long sandbar peninsula. The towns settlement formed at the end of the harbour behind the peninsula, near the present-day intersection of Parliament Street. In 1813, as part of the War of 1812, the Battle of York ended in the towns capture, the surrender of the town was negotiated by John Strachan. US soldiers destroyed much of the garrison and set fire to the parliament buildings during their five-day occupation, the sacking of York was a primary motivation for the Burning of Washington by British troops later in the war
4.
Ontario
–
Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
5.
Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor
–
The Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor is a four-door body on frame sedan that was manufactured by Ford from 1992 1/2 to 2011. It is the law enforcement version of the Ford Crown Victoria, from 1997 and into the early 2010s, the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor was the most widely used automobile in law enforcement operations in the United States and Canada. They were also used for this purpose on a limited scale in other countries. The CVPIs body-on-frame construction allowed inexpensive repairs after collisions without the need to straighten the chassis. The cars are in demand by companies, those who want a safe, durable and/or inexpensive car. The Crown Victoria Police Interceptor came equipped with heavy duty parts such as a revised transmission. Used Crown Victoria Police Interceptors are normally stripped of any police decals, computer equipment, police radios, from 1992 to 1997, the police car models of the Crown Victoria were officially known as Crown Victoria P71s. In the 1993 model year, the Crown Victoria was given a front grille. Another minor restyle followed suit in 1995, with a new grille, to accommodate the design of the 1995s new taillights, the rear license plate was moved from the bumper to the trunks lid. Apart from North America, between 1994-1995,140 Crown Victoria P71s were bought for the Main Directorate for Road Traffic Safety and it is a Russian law enforcement agency which is a part of the militsiya. They were operated by the Russian Traffic Patrol as highway patrol units around the greater Moscow area until 2010s, both cars included restyled front and rear end components. The 1998 police package P71 had a grille, chrome door handle trim, chrome bumper strips. At this time, the car was known as the Crown Victoria P71. 1999 introduced the Crown Victoria Police Interceptor name, with a badge on the trunk lid replacing the 1998 Crown Victoria badge, a chrome-trimmed gloss black rear fascia, unpainted door handle trim, black bumper strips, and a gloss black slatted grille were also introduced at this time. Finally, the new Street Appearance Package, intended to make the Police Interceptor look like a Standard model, midway through 1999, the taillights were also changed. 1998 and early 1999 models had a separate amber turn signal along the edge of each taillight housing. Starting in mid-1999, the bulbs were eliminated and the turn signals returned to the combination of stop/turn setup with red lenses found in many North American cars. Although the lenses changed, the housings did not, they still had the chambers for the turn signals that early models had
6.
Law enforcement in Canada
–
Law enforcement in Canada are public-sector police forces that are associated with and commissioned to the three levels of government, municipal, provincial, and federal. Most urban areas have given the authority by the provinces to maintain their own police force. In addition, many First Nations Reserves have their own police forces established through agreements between the governing native band, province and the federal government. Ontario, Quebec, and Newfoundland and Labrador maintain their own provincial police forces—the Ontario Provincial Police, Sûreté du Québec, smaller municipalities often contract police service from the provincial policing authority, while larger ones maintain their own forces. Newfoundlands provincial police force is responsible for the provinces larger urban areas. The other seven provinces and the three territories contract police services to the RCMP/GRC and it also serves as the local police in all areas outside of Ontario and Quebec that do not have an established local police force, mostly in rural areas. Thus, the RCMP/GRC is the police force of any sort in some areas of the country. There are also a few police forces with some of the powers usually reserved for governmental forces. The Canadian National Railway, Canadian Pacific Railway and Via Rail each have their own police force, any railway in Canada, under Federal jurisdiction, can request that a Superior Court judge appoint police officers under the Railway Safety Act. The duties of private railway police are to prevent crimes against the company and protection of goods, materials and they work to protect the public, rail personnel, and property owned or administered by the railways. The regular public police maintain authority and jurisdiction for all criminal offences, some hospitals, universities, transit commissions, power authorities and other agencies employ special constables. The local police chief has statutory and Common Law authority and responsibility for the jurisdiction policed, the duties of private special constables are determined by their employers and have authorities limited by statutes under which they operate. All persons and companies have access to public police, the National Defence Act does not bestow the authority to the Minister of Defence to appoint Police Officers. Section 156 of the National Defence Act does allow the Minister to confer Peace Officer Status to Specially Appointed Military Police Members and they have the power to arrest anyone who is subject to the Code of Service Discipline, regardless of position or rank under the National Defence Act. If in fact a crime is committed on or in relation to DND property or assets, MP has the power to arrest and charge the offender, military or civilian, MP also have the power to enforce the Provincial Highway Traffic Act on military bases in Canada. In 2011, there were 69,438 active/sworn police officers in Canada and this number was expected to exceed 70,000 by the end of 2012. Canadian police strength reached a peak in 1975, when there were 206 officers per 100,000 people, although the current number reflects a significant rise in the total police strength in the country, Canada still utilizes fewer police than Wales. Provincially, Saskatchewan had the highest number at 207 officers per 100,000, the lowest numbers were in Prince Edward Island, Newfoundland and Labrador and Alberta
7.
Toronto Police Service
–
The Toronto Police Service is the police force servicing Toronto, Ontario, Canada. Established in 1834, it was the first municipal police service created in North America and it is the largest municipal police service in Canada and third largest police force in Canada after the Ontario Provincial Police and the Royal Canadian Mounted Police. At a budget of over $1 billion, it ranks second to the Toronto Transit Commission in the expenses of the municipal government of Toronto. The Toronto Police Service was founded in 1834 when the city of Toronto was first created from the town of York, the London Metropolitan Police of 1829 is generally recognized as the first modern municipal department. In 1835, Toronto retained five full-time constables—a ratio of one officer for every 1,850 citizens. Their daily pay was set at 5 shillings for day duty and 7 shillings,6 pence, in 1837 the constables’ annual pay was fixed at £75 per annum, a lucrative city position when compared to the mayor’s annual pay of £250 at the time. Toronto constables on numerous occasions suppressed opposition candidate meetings and took sides during bitter sectarian violence between Orange Order and Irish Catholic radical factions in the city, a provincial government report in 1841 described the Toronto Police as formidable engines of oppression. Although constables were issued uniforms in 1837, one contemporary recalled that the Toronto Police was without uniformity, the new force was removed from Toronto City Council jurisdiction and placed under the control of a provincially mandated Board of Police Commissioners. Under its new Chief, William Stratton Prince, an infantry captain, standardized training, hiring practices and new strict rules of discipline. Todays Toronto Police Service directly traces its ethos, constitutional lineage, in the 19th century, the Toronto Police mostly focused on the suppression of rebellion in the city—particularly during the Fenian threats of 1860 to 1870. The Toronto Police operatives later turned to spying on the activities of the Fenians and filed reports to the Chief Constable from as far as Buffalo, Detroit, Chicago and New York City. When in December 1864, the Canada West secret frontier police was established under Stipendiary Magistrate Gilbert McMicken, the police withdrew but were later reinforced and eventually arrested the entire band but not before William Gibbard was killed by unknown parties. Prior the creation of the Toronto Humane Society in 1887 and the Children’s Aid Society in 1891 and they operated the citys ambulance service and acted as the Board of Health. Police stations at the time were designed with space for the housing of homeless, shortly before the Great Depression, in 1925, the Toronto Police housed 16,500 homeless people that year. The Toronto Police regulated street-level business, cab drivers, street vendors, corner grocers, tradesmen, rag men, junk dealers, laundry operators. Under public order provisions, the Toronto Police was responsible for the licensing and regulation of dance halls, pool halls, theatres, and later movie houses. It was responsible for censoring the content of not only theatrical performances and movies, the Toronto Police also suppressed labour movements which were perceived as anarchist threats. Its notorious Red Squad brutally dispersed demonstrations by labour unions and by unemployed, in 1960, Lawrence Larry McLarty became the forces first Black officer and paved the way in transforming the hiring of minorities into the policing
8.
York Regional Police
–
York Regional Police is a law enforcement organization that serves over 1.1 million residents in the York Region, Ontario, Canada, located north of Toronto. YRP was formed in 1971 from the forces maintained by the nine municipalities which amalgamated into York Region at the time. York Regional Police was formed in 1971 when the province forced the creation of a regional municipal government that included the lower-tier municipalities of York County. YRPs motto Deeds Speak is derived from the motto of the 3rd York Militia Regiment, the YRP crest is based on the crest from the former County of York government. York Regional Police senior command consists of the Chief of Police, the head of the police service is Chief Eric Jolliffe who was sworn in as Chief on December 13,2010. He replaced retired Chief Armand P, la Barge after he completed 37 years of service. Chief Jolliffe was a former Deputy Chief of the force, the administration and senior command are based at York Regional Police Headquarters in Aurora, Ontario. Whitchurch-Stouffville Community Substation,111 Sandiford Dr, Whitchurch-Stouffville The York Regional Police provides a Substation to the community of Whitchurch-Stouffville, numerous personnel work out of this substation to provide a police presence within the community. King Community Policing Centre, King Township Opened in August 2011 and it is supported by several of the services volunteers and civilian staff to strengthen the standards of safety, well-being and quality of life in the community. The resource includes a 10,000 square foot replica town with crosswalks, functioning traffic lighting, usually the resource is utilized by local schools, however, several events are held at the location yearly which families may attend. Community Resource Centre,10720 Yonge St, Richmond Hill A Community Resource Centre is also available to residents of the municipalities in the Region. This location hosts the services Collision Reporting Centre, Monday to Friday,7 a. m. to 9 p. m. Saturday,8 a. m. to 4 p. m. Closed Sunday and holidays If a collision occurs in another municipality, York Regional Police must be contacted to have an officer attend. The Customer Service Unit also operates out of the Community Resource Centre and works the following hours, closed Sunday and holidays The Marine Unit consists of 11 full-time members and patrols southern shoreline of Lake Simcoe and other York Region waterways. It is responsible for approximately 350 square kilometers of Lake Simcoe, the Marine Unit operates out of 3 District Headquarters in Sutton. The unit has 7 vessels at their disposal and are deployed from Keswick Community Policing Office 290 The Queensway South at Marina Drive, Emergency Support is a 23-member unit with Emergency Response Unit and Explosive Disposal Unit. The service currently has a strength of close to 1,600 sworn members. York Regional Police is only one of two forces in the greater Toronto area with an air support unit
9.
Flexity Outlook (Toronto streetcar)
–
The Flexity Outlook is the latest model in the rolling stock of the Toronto streetcar system owned by the Toronto Transit Commission. The first new streetcars were deployed for service on route 510 Spadina in 2014. They are stored at Leslie Barns, a maintenance and storage facility of the TTC completed in 2015 and they will replace the existing fleet of streetcars, the iconic Canadian Light Rail Vehicle and Articulated Light Rail Vehicle streetcars which have been used since the 1970s and 1980s, respectively. The Flexity Outlook is the first modern low-floor and wheelchair accessible streetcar used in the city, with a length of over 30 metres, they are also the largest streetcars in the system. They have four sliding doors, air conditioning systems, seating of up to 70 passengers, the new streetcars include an on-board fare machine and introduced the use of proof-of-payment system along with Presto card readers, both of which are implemented across the TTC. Torontos light rail lines use the Flexity Freedom light rail vehicle. The two models are not compatible for several reasons including track gauge, with the TTCs streetcar fleet nearing the end of its service life, the commission began looking for a manufacturer to build new streetcars. In mid-2009, the TTC announced that it had chosen the Bombardier Flexity Outlook to replace the CLRV and ALRV fleet on its streetcar network, on June 26,2009, the Toronto City Council approved funding for 204 new vehicles and signed the contract with Bombardier. A partial mockup of the new streetcar was put on display at the Bathurst Hillcrest Complex for tours in November 2011, the first operating vehicle arrived in September 2012 and was unveiled to the public and media in November 2012. Beginning in 2013, the new Flexity streetcars were tested on routes. The vehicle is based on the Flexity Outlook product, but tailored to Torontos needs, the vehicles use TTCs unique track gauge rather than standard gauge, and trolley poles using 600 V DC for power collection. The Outlook is almost twice as long as the TTCs older streetcars, in the Flexity vehicles since the operator sits inside a closed cab and is not responsible for fare collection or providing transfers. A proof-of-payment system is used at all times, the POP system requires passengers to carry proof that they have paid their fares, such as a validated TTC ticket, paper transfer, pass or Presto card. There are two Fare and Transfer Vending Machines where passengers pay their fares by coins, tokens or credit/debit cards and those using senior/student tickets must date/time stamp their ticket by inserting the ticket inside a separate TTC Ticket Validator box located beside the FTVM. These machines are situated beside the double-doors in the second and fourth modules of each car, the vehicles are also equipped with six Presto card readers, with one at each door and two at each of the double-doors. The Flexity streetcars are equipped with a bell and a horn, instead of the mechanical gongs used on older vehicles, the Flexity vehicles use an amplified digital recording of a gong. They are also the first vehicles to have built-in electronic horns fleet-wide upon delivery, the Flexity streetcars are the TTCs first streetcars to be outfitted with orange digital LED destination and run number signs rather than manually-operated roller blinds used on older vehicles. The destination signs are posted at the front, rear, and sides of the vehicle, which identify the number, name
10.
Ford Taurus (sixth generation)
–
The sixth-generation of the Ford Taurus is a full-size car manufactured by Ford. Produced since June 2009, the current version of the Taurus is the longest and heaviest Ford-brand sedan currently sold by the company worldwide, the 2010 model year marked significant changes from model precedent. After an 11-year hiatus, the Ford Taurus SHO high-performance variant made its return for 2010, following the discontinuation of the Ford Crown Victoria Police Interceptor in 2011, a variant of the sixth-generation Taurus was developed as a replacement police car. Deriving its engine and all-wheel drive powertrain from the Taurus SHO, the Taurus, Taurus SHO, and Police Interceptor Sedan are assembled in Chicago, Illinois at Chicago Assembly alongside the Ford Explorer/Ford Police Interceptor Utility. In late 2006, Ford Motor Company named Boeing CEO Alan Mulally to replace William Clay Ford, one of his first decisions was to abandon the unpopular F model naming scheme for Ford-division cars. Although the Taurus gained 60 hp over the Five Hundred, most of its deficiences were related to its introduction essentially being a mid-cycle refresh of its predecessor under a new nameplate. In January 2008, Alan Mullaly revealed that a generation of the Ford Taurus was in development as a planned 2010 model. In April 2008, a photograph of a full-scale prototype mockup of the 2010 Ford Taurus was leaked onto the Internet. After the styling of the prototype was seen worldwide, Ford contemplated legal action against web sites which posted the photo, towards its launch, the Ford Motor Company website introduced several videos, benchmarking the 2010 Ford Taurus against several production flagship luxury sedans. The 2010 Ford Taurus SHO was faster than an Audi A64.2 FSI Quattro in straight-line acceleration while the interior of the Ford Taurus was quieter than an Acura RL. In a major contrast from previous generations of the Ford Taurus, once the highest-selling nameplate in the United States, instead of the 1990s peak volumes of nearly 400,000 vehicles a year, the intended sales were closer to 50,000 to 75,000. As a full-size car, the Taurus competed closer to the Toyota Avalon and Nissan Maxima than the Toyota Camry, Honda Accord, additionally, Ford sought to preserve the resale value of the Taurus by avoiding the usage of fleet sales of the vehicles. The 2010 Ford Taurus was unveiled at the 2009 North American International Auto Show at Cobo Hall. In May 2009, the new Taurus debuted at three dealers in the Buffalo, Tampa, and Houston, respectively, to be put on display and to build anticipation for the release. The first dealer, West Herr Ford in Hamburg, New York, was due to the successful unveiling of the redesigned Ford F-150 earlier that year. The 2009 Tauruss counterparts, the Ford Taurus X and the Mercury Sable, the sixth-generation Taurus production started on June 15,2009 for the 2010 model year. Unlike previous generations of the Taurus, the sixth-generation Taurus would not have a Sable counterpart since the Mercury brand was in the process of being phased out by the end of 2010. For the first time since 2002, Lincoln dealers sold a Taurus-based sedan, the sixth-generation Ford Taurus is based on the Volvo-derived Ford D3 platform architecture, sharing the 112. 9-inch wheelbase of the Lincoln MKS and the previous Ford Taurus
11.
Toronto Transit Commission bus system
–
The Toronto Transit Commission uses buses and other vehicles for public transportation. The TTC has more than 172 bus routes in operation, most bus routes serve the suburban areas of the city, and are integrated with the subway system, and several run into downtown. Buses are comparatively rare in the city centre as a streetcar system serves the urban core. Many TTC bus routes are divided into branch routes, which deviate slightly from the original route, as well, there are express routes which skip some stops along its route. The system is available 24 hours a day,7 days a week, of these,693 are hybrid electric vehicles, the second largest such fleet in North America. Since 2011, all buses are accessible and equipped with bicycle racks. In 2009, the TTC began its first bus rapid transit service in the city, when Line 1 Yonge–University is extended to Vaughan Metropolitan Centre in December 2017, only one bus route will use the busway, which will be an express bus route. Bus service in Toronto began in 1849, when the first public system in Toronto. The service began with a fleet of six horse-drawn stagecoaches, after ten years, the use of streetcars were introduced in the city as the Toronto Street Railway was established in 1861. After a year of competition between the two companies, the TSR had surpassed Williams Omnibus Line in ridership, until 1921, several private and publicly owned transport systems were established and ended up being merged into one another or abandoned. Electric streetcars were used in Toronto and surrounding settlements during the new century. After the establishment of the Toronto Transportation Commission, streetcar routes were taken over from predecessors in 1921 and it ran bus routes by using motor buses for the first time in the city. The TTC also experimented the use of buses from 1922 to 1925. Gray Coach, an intercity bus line by the TTC, began operation in 1927, as the coach service increased in ridership, the TTC built the Toronto Coach Terminal. By 1933, the TTC introduced the local bus and streetcar stop design, throughout the 1930s and 1940s, the city began replacing various street railway routes extending to surrounding municipalities with bus routes. Between 1947 and 1954, the TTC acquired new trolley buses, all services were taken over by the TTC on January 1,1954, when it became the sole public transit operator in the newly formed Metropolitan Toronto. In 1966, plans were made to replace all routes with buses in the next 20 years. The plan was cancelled in 1972 and streetcar routes were rebuilt, two years before the cancellation of the plan, GO Transit was established by the Government of Ontario with Gray Coach serving as its operator for most of its routes
12.
Toronto subway
–
The Toronto subway is a rapid transit system in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, operated by the Toronto Transit Commission. It is a system consisting of three heavy rail lines operating predominantly underground and one elevated light metro line, collectively encompassing 69 stations and 68.3 kilometres of track. It accommodated an average of 1,066,100 passenger trips each weekday during the quarter of 2015. There are 4 rapid transit lines in Toronto plus another under construction, Line 1 Yonge–University, is the longest and busiest rapid transit line in the system. It opened as the Yonge subway in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres, Today, the line is U-shaped having two northern terminals looping on its southern end via Union Station. An 8. 6-kilometre, six-station extension of Line 1 north to Vaughan is under construction, Line 2 Bloor–Danforth, opened in 1966, runs parallel to Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue between Kipling Station in Etobicoke and Kennedy Station in Scarborough. There is a plan to extend Line 2 eastwards from Kennedy Station to Scarborough Town Centre, Line 3 Scarborough is an above-ground medium-capacity rail line serving the citys eponymous suburban district. The line runs from Kennedy Station to McCowan Station passing Scarborough Town Centre and this is the only rapid transit line in Toronto to use Intermediate Capacity Transit System technology. There is a plan to close and dismantle Line 3 after Line 2 is extended to Scarborough Town Centre, Line 5 Eglinton is a 19-kilometre light rail line under construction scheduled to open in 2021. The line will have 25 stations of which 15 will be underground, here is a list of line, extension and station openings on the Toronto subway system. Canadas first subway, the Yonge subway, opened in 1954 with a length of 7.4 kilometres, the line ran under or parallel to Yonge Street between Eglinton Avenue and Union Station. It replaced the Yonge streetcar line, Canadas first streetcar line, in 1963, the line was extended under University Avenue north to Bloor Street to connect with the Bloor-Danforth subway at the double-deck St. George Station. In 1974, the line was extended from Eglinton Station north to Finch Station, the Spadina segment of the line was constructed north from St. George Station initially to Wilson Station in 1978, and eventually to Downsview Station in 1996. Part of the Spadina segment runs in the median of an expressway, four decades of extensions gave the line a U-shaped route running from its two northern terminals and looping on its southern end at Union Station. As of 1996, the line was 30.2 kilometres long, opened in 1966, the Bloor–Danforth subway runs east-west under or near Bloor Street and Danforth Avenue. It replaced the Bloor streetcar line, initially, the subway line ran between Keele Station to Woodbine Station. In 1968, the line was extended west to Islington Station and east to Warden Station, opened in 1985, the Scarborough RT is a light metro line running from Kennedy Station to McCowan station. The TTC started to construct the line to use Canadian Light Rail Vehicles and this line was never extended, and the current plan is to close and dismantle the line, replacing it with an extension of Line 2 to Scarborough Town Centre
_(14918534190).jpg)
