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History
Trifunctional hypothesis
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The trifunctional hypothesis of prehistoric Proto-Indo-European society postulates a tripartite ideology reflected in the existence of three classes or castes—priests, warriors, and commoners —corresponding to the three functions of the sacral, the martial and the economic, respectively. The trifunctional thesis is primarily associated with the French mythographer Georges Dumézil, who proposed it in 1929 in the book Flamen-Brahman, and later in Mitra-Varuna.
This part of the 12th-century Swedish Skog tapestry has, possibly erroneously, been interpreted to show, from left to right, the one-eyed Odin, the ha
This part of the 12th-century Swedish Skog tapestry has, possibly erroneously, been interpreted to show, from left to right, the one-eyed Odin, the hammer-wielding Thor and Freyr holding up wheat. Terje Leiren believes this grouping corresponds closely to the trifunctional division.
Proto-Indo-European society
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Proto-Indo-European society is the reconstructed culture of Proto-Indo-Europeans, the ancient speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language, ancestor of all modern Indo-European languages.
Early Indo-European migrations from the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
Early Indo-European migrations from the Pontic–Caspian steppe.
Bronze Age spread of Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry.
Bronze Age spread of Yamnaya Steppe pastoralist ancestry.
Yamnaya bone and canine ornaments.
Yamnaya bone and canine ornaments.
Yamnaya bone and bronze arrowheads.
Yamnaya bone and bronze arrowheads.