Tughlaq dynasty
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The Tughlaq dynasty was the third dynasty to rule over the Delhi Sultanate in the medieval Indian subcontinent. The dynasty came to power in 1320 when Ghazi Malik assumed the throne in Delhi under the
Ghiyasuddin Tughlaq ordered the construction of Tughlakabad, a city near Delhi with a fort, to protect the Delhi Sultanate from Mongol attacks. Above is the Tughlaq fort, now in ruins.
Ghiyath al-Din Tughluq leading his troops in the capture of the city of Tirhut, from the Basātin al-uns by Ikhtisān-i Dabir, a member of the Tughluq court. Ca.1410 Jalayirid copy of 1326 Tughlaq dynasty lost original. Istanbul, Topkapi Palace Museum Library, Ms. R.1032.
Gold coinage of Muhammad bin Tughluq (r. 1325–1351)
Early Mughal painting of Muhammad bin Tughlaq on the throne (1534)
Khalji dynasty
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The Khalji or Khilji dynasty was the second ruling house of the Delhi Sultanate, covering large parts of the Indian subcontinent for nearly three decades between 1290 and 1320. Founded by Jalal-ud-Din
Coin of Tegin Shah, described as "Iltäbar (sub-King) of the Khalaj", dated to the year 728 CE.
Coinage of Jalaluddin Firuz Khalji. Delhi mint. Dated AH 691 (1291-2 AD). Legend citing the caliph Al-Musta'sim.
The execution of Jalal-ud-Din Khalji (r 1290-96), with the usurper Alauddin Khalji enthroned. Jami al-Tawarikh (1314 painting)
The Alai Darwaza, completed in 1311 during the Khalji dynasty.