1.
U.S. Route 13
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In all, it traverses five states in the Atlantic coastal plain region, following the Atlantic coast more closely than does the main north–south U. S. highway of the region, U. S. Route 1. Its routing is rural, the notable exceptions being the Hampton Roads area. It is also notable for being the main thoroughfare for the Delmarva Peninsula, US 13s original plan in 1926 had the route serve no further south than the Delmarva Peninsula. However, it has extended many times, connecting to the mainland via ferry service. This link across the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay became fixed in 1964 with a bridge-tunnel, US13 runs southwest to northeast through the eastern part of North Carolina. It then passes through the city of Goldsboro, where it intersects U. S. Route 70, US13 continues northeast and shares a brief concurrency with U. S. Route 264 before passing through the city of Greenville. US13 then heads north from Greenville, following the limited-access U. S. Route 64 east between Bethel and Williamston and U. S. Route 17 north between Williamston and Windsor. US13 then heads north from Windsor towards the Virginia border, US13 continues north, expanding to four lanes near Suffolk and diverges onto the Suffolk Bypass where it joins U. S. Route 58 and U. S Route 460. Here, one of the business routes of US13 passes straight through the city as the bypass passes the city to the west. It continues through the Hampton Roads area on the Military Highway and continues north to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, here, US13 is the main north–south route of the region, and connects to most cities and towns with four more business routes forming loops off the highway. North of New Church, US13 crosses the border into Maryland. US13 passes through the lower Eastern Shore region of Maryland and it runs through Pocomoke City in Worcester County, where it meets the southern terminus of U. S. Route 113. It continues north into Somerset County, where it passes through the town of Princess Anne, on the northeastern part of the bypass, US13 is concurrent with U. S. Route 50, which bypasses Salisbury to the north. North of Salisbury, US13 continues to the state line town of Delmar, US13 runs through the entire north–south length of Delaware. It enters the state in Delmar and runs through western Sussex County, intersecting U. S. Route 9 in Laurel and it continues into Kent County and heads north towards the state capital of Dover. US13 forms the district of the city of Dover. Between Dover and Wilmington in New Castle County, US13 is paralleled by the Delaware Route 1 turnpike and it crosses the Chesapeake and Delaware Canal on the St. Georges Bridge. US13 continues towards Wilmington, sharing a concurrency with U. S. Route 40 in the New Castle area and it bypasses the heart of Wilmington to the east, with U. S. Route 13 Business passing through the downtown area
U.S. Route 13
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The
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel carries US 13 across the
Chesapeake Bay
U.S. Route 13
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U.S. Route 13
U.S. Route 13
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Beginning of
US 9 eastbound from US 13 northbound near
Laurel, Delaware
U.S. Route 13
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The intersection of U.S. 13 (Frankford Avenue) and
PA 73 (Cottman Avenue) in
Northeast Philadelphia
2.
Virginia Department of Transportation
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The Virginia Department of Transportation is the agency of state government responsible for transportation in the state of Virginia in the United States. Headquartered at the Virginia Department of Highways Building in Downtown Richmond, VDOT is responsible for building, maintaining and it is overseen by the Commonwealth Transportation Board, which has the power to fund airports, seaports, rail and public transportation. VDOTs revised annual budget for Fiscal Year 2017 is $5.35 billion, VDOT has a workforce of about 7,500 full-time employees. Snow Removal- VDOT is responsible for removing snow along the roads of Virginia. VDOT operates and maintains, Roads- VDOTs largest responsibility is the maintenance of roads, filling potholes, storm drain cleaning, water drainage, guard rail replacement, bridge work, tree and trash removal, as well as the maintenance of signs and traffic lights. Smaller portions of the budget are directed to address the needs and requirements of service, support to other agencies, administration. VDOT provides the Virginia 511 service, which may be accessed by the 511 telephone number, in May 2012, VDOT introduced the Virginia 511 smartphone apps for Apple and Android devices. The Virginia 511 system provides traffic cameras, real-time road and traffic conditions, trip planning, weather information, drivers complained that people who needed to use the restroom would have nowhere to go. In January 2010, governor Bob McDonnell announced that he would all of the closed rest areas as part of his campaign promises. The state is using an adopt a rest stop program, pulling 3 million dollars from the maintenance fund. They all reopened on April 17,2010, spontaneous roadside memorials, often in the form of white crosses, Stars of David, bouquets of flowers, and photos of the dead, have been placed along roads at the scenes of fatal accidents. As of July 1,2003, Virginia law has banned these memorials, Transportation officials have deemed them a threat to the safety of motorists. Virginia law §33. 1-206.1 prohibits any person from installing a memorial on any highway controlled by the VDOT without a permit, VDOT will install a roadside memorial sign, normally for a period of two years. The sign may not deviate from the standard roadside memorial sign specifications, the cost must by paid by the person requesting the sign. Not everyone agrees with the new program, vowing to ignore the program, Del. Robert G. Marshall, whose son was killed in an auto accident along Interstate 81 in November 2001, said, This is the bureaucratization of love. I intend to put a cross up for my son, by marking an accident site, survivors create a living memory of this persons life, said Donna Schuurman, president of Association for Death Education and Counseling. Americans have swept the grieving process under the rug, and now its popping up in ways that few expected—and that some dont like. They provided drivers with a faster and more reliable travel option, buses, carpools, motorcycles and emergency vehicles will be able to use the HOT lanes for free while drivers with fewer than three occupants can use the HOT lanes by paying a toll
Virginia Department of Transportation
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VDOT roadside memorial sign
3.
U.S. Route 13 in North Carolina
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The section of U. S. Route 13 in North Carolina is the largest, home to 185.52 miles of its length. It runs southwest to northeast through eastern North Carolina, beginning at Interstate 95, most of the routing is rural, serving only three cities of considerable size along the entire route, the rest passes through forests and farmland. US13 is usually only two lanes wide unless it is co-signed with other highways, usually near cities as bypasses and it quickly reduces its lane count from the four of the I-295 freeway to two lanes with dirt shoulders. It bears eastward, passing through sparsely developed forest and farm lands, quickly crossing the county border, the route turns slightly northeast and passes through Spiveys Corner, where the road intersects US421, otherwise known as Spiveys Corner Highway. Nearing Newton Grove, US13 flies over Interstate 40 with no direct access, continuing north from Newton Grove, US13 enters Wayne County, traveling more easterly through more farmland and forests. After several miles, it curves northeast and meets US117 at an intersection, here, it turns north on the four-lane, divided highway and begins to travel around the west side of Goldsboro, the beginning of a partial beltway around the city. Before turning east again, US13 leaves US117 at an at-grade intersection, US117 Bypass travels along with US13. US13 circles around the city on a four-lane, divided freeway alignment after another at-grade intersection, shortly after, it meets US70 at a partial cloverleaf interchange, and US70 joins the other two routes on its path east. The next interchange sends US117 Alternate north at a trumpet interchange. US13 and US70 continue east, next interchanging NC111, the road interchanges Wayne Memorial Drive and Spence Avenue before curving southward. The freeway then interchanges with Berkeley Boulevard, where US13 leaves, US70 continues on the freeway, while US13 turns northeast on Berkeley Boulevard, leaving the Goldsboro area. US13 continues northeast, passing through one last community of Goldsboro before entering open fields and forests once again, outside Snow Hill, NC58 joins US13 and becomes Kingold Boulevard. US13 leaves Kingold Boulevard once in the center of town, Contentnea Boulevard outside the city meets an intersection with US258 and NC903, which join US13. The other side of the four way intersection continues as NC91, NC903 leaves after two curves of the road, leaving US13 and 258 to continue northeast through farmland. US13 leaves US258 after a stretch, turning east to meet and run concurrent with US264, Dickinson Avenue. This arrangement continues until Greenville, where US264 leaves, and US13 bisects the city on Memorial Drive, forming concurrencies with NC43, NC903 and NC11. The concurrency eventually drops NC43, and later picks up NC33 and drops it, still a four-lane divided road, it bypasses the town of Bethel before it meets a diamond interchange with the US64 freeway in the corner of Edgecombe County. US13 turns east onto this freeway, while NC11 continues northward, US13 and US64 travel eastward to Williamston
U.S. Route 13 in North Carolina
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Route of US 13 in red
4.
North Carolina
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North Carolina is a state in the southeastern region of the United States. The state borders South Carolina and Georgia to the south, Tennessee to the west, Virginia to the north, North Carolina is the 28th most extensive and the 9th most populous of the U. S. states. The state is divided into 100 counties, the most populous municipality is Charlotte, which is the second largest banking center in the United States after New York City. The state has a range of elevations, from sea level on the coast to 6,684 feet at Mount Mitchell. The climate of the plains is strongly influenced by the Atlantic Ocean. Most of the falls in the humid subtropical climate zone. More than 300 miles from the coast, the western, mountainous part of the state has a highland climate. North Carolina is bordered by South Carolina on the south, Georgia on the southwest, Tennessee on the west, Virginia on the north, the United States Census Bureau places North Carolina in the South Atlantic division of the southern region. So many ships have been lost off Cape Hatteras that the area is known as the Graveyard of the Atlantic, the most famous of these is the Queen Annes Revenge, which went aground in Beaufort Inlet in 1718. The coastal plain transitions to the Piedmont region along the Atlantic Seaboard fall line, the Piedmont region of central North Carolina is the states most populous region, containing the six largest cities in the state by population. It consists of rolling countryside frequently broken by hills or low mountain ridges. The Piedmont ranges from about 300 feet in elevation in the east to about 1,500 feet in the west, the western section of the state is part of the Appalachian Mountain range. Among the subranges of the Appalachians located in the state are the Great Smoky Mountains, Blue Ridge Mountains, the Black Mountains are the highest in the eastern United States, and culminate in Mount Mitchell at 6,684 feet, the highest point east of the Mississippi River. North Carolina has 17 major river basins, the five basins west of the Blue Ridge Mountains flow to the Gulf of Mexico, while the remainder flow to the Atlantic Ocean. Of the 17 basins,11 originate within the state of North Carolina, but only four are contained entirely within the states border – the Cape Fear, the Neuse, the White Oak, and the Tar-Pamlico basin. Elevation above sea level is most responsible for temperature change across the state, the climate is also influenced by the Atlantic Ocean and the Gulf Stream, especially in the coastal plain. These influences tend to cause warmer winter temperatures along the coast, the coastal plain averages around 1 inch of snow or ice annually, and in many years, there may be no snow or ice at all. North Carolina experiences severe weather in summer and winter, with summer bringing threat of hurricanes, tropical storms, heavy rain
North Carolina
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North Carolina topographic map
North Carolina
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Flag
North Carolina
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The
Blue Ridge Mountains as seen from the
Blue Ridge Parkway.
North Carolina
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Deer in the
Eno River as it flows through the Piedmont region of North Carolina
5.
U.S. Route 58 in Virginia
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U. S. Route 58 is an east–west U. S. Highway that runs for 508 miles from U. S. Route 25E just northwest of Harrogate, Tennessee, to U. S. Route 60 in Virginia Beach, Virginia. Until 1996, when the Cumberland Gap Tunnel opened, US58 ran only inside the commonwealth of Virginia and it was then extended southwest along a short piece of former US 25E, which no longer enters Virginia, to end at the new alignment in Tennessee. State Route 383 is overlaid on U. S. Route 58 in Tennessee, U. S. Route 58 is the longest numbered route in Virginia. US58 begins at an interchange with US 25E, just south of the Cumberland Gap Tunnel. The route travels northeast through the outskirts of Cumberland Gap before crossing into Virginia, US58 in Tennessee carries the designation State Route 383. US58 enters Virginia and travels east to Jonesville, where Alternate US58 branches off and travels to the north. East of Jonesville, US58 intersects US421, and the two routes stay concurrent through Duffield, Gate City, Weber City, and Bristol, where US58 begins a concurrency with Interstate 81. The two routes stay concurrent until I-81 exit 19 in Abingdon, where US58 resumes its eastward journey close to the Virginia–North Carolina state line, the route is signed as the J. E. B. Stuart Highway and the A. L. Philpott Memorial Highway, much of the highway through the region features hairpin turns, steep grades, and load-zoned bridges. US58 begins a concurrency with US221 in Independence, approaching Danville, US58 once again follows an expressway bypass to the south of the city, while a business route enters the city itself. The southeastern half of this bypass is shared with US29, east of Danville, US29 continues north, while US58 picks up US360 and resumes its eastward journey. The routes stay cosigned until South Boston, where US360 resumes a northerly route to Richmond, while US58 travels eastward to Clarksville. The route crosses US1 and Interstate 85 in South Hill, near Franklin, an expressway bypass carries US58 south of the city, while a business route enters the city. A bypass also carries traffic around Suffolk, where US58 begins concurrencies with US13, the three US routes stay merged until an intersection with the Hampton Roads Beltway at the confluence of Interstate 64, Interstate 264, and Interstate 664. US58 travels inside the beltway and through Portsmouth and into Norfolk via the Midtown Tunnel, the route crosses I-64 once again, and continues to Virginia Beach, roughly paralleling I-264 to its south. Much of the section of US58 is part of The Crooked Road. An alternate route of US58, known as U. S. Route 58 Alternate, splits from the route in Abingdon, Virginia. From there, US58 Alt. travels in a direction through Norton, Big Stone Gap
U.S. Route 58 in Virginia
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U.S. Route 58
6.
Suffolk, Virginia
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Suffolk is an independent city located in the U. S. state of Virginia. As of the 2014 census, the population was 86,806 It is the largest city in Virginia by area as well as the 14th largest in the country. With miles of waterfront property on the Nansemond and James River, present day Suffolk was formed in 1974 after consolidating with Nansemond County, the current mayor is Linda T. Johnson. Suffolk was founded by English colonists in 1742 as a town on the Nansemond River in the Virginia Colony. Originally known as Constants Warehouse, for John Constant, Suffolk was renamed after Royal Governor William Goochs home of Suffolk, before European contact, indigenous American tribes lived in the region for thousands of years. At the time of English settlement, the Nansemond Indians lived along the river, in the early colonial years, the English cultivated tobacco as a commodity crop, but later turned to mixed farming. It became the county seat of Nansemond County in 1750, early in its history, Suffolk became a land transportation gateway to the areas east of it in South Hampton Roads. Other railroads and later major highways followed after the war, Suffolk became an incorporated town in 1808. In 1910, it incorporated as a city and separated from Nansemond County, however, it remained the seat of Nansemond County until 1972, when its former county became the independent city of Nansemond. In 1974, the independent cities of Suffolk and Nansemond merged under Suffolks name, Peanuts grown in the surrounding areas became a major industry for Suffolk. Notably, Planters Peanuts was established in Suffolk beginning in 1912, Suffolk was the birthplace of Mr. Peanut, the mascot of Planters Peanuts. For many years, the call-letters of local AM radio station WLPM stood for Worlds Largest Peanut Market, Suffolk is located at 36°44′29″N 76°36′36″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 429 square miles. It is the largest city in Virginia by land area and second-largest by total area, part of the Great Dismal Swamp is located in Suffolk. As of the census of 2010, there were 84,585 people,23,283 households, the population density was 159.2 people per square mile. There were 24,704 housing units at a density of 61.8 per square mile. The racial makeup of the city was 50. 1% White,42. 7% Black or African American,0. 3% Native American,1. 6% Asian,0. 1% Pacific Islander,0. 8% from other races, and 2. 3% from two or more races. Hispanics or Latinos of any race were 2. 9% of the population,20. 2% of all households were made up of individuals and 8. 1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older
Suffolk, Virginia
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A view of North Main Street in downtown Suffolk, Virginia
Suffolk, Virginia
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Aerial view of tornado damage in Suffolk on April 28, 2008.
Suffolk, Virginia
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A RailBox
boxcar exporting peanuts.
7.
U.S. Route 460 in Virginia
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U. S. Route 460 in Virginia runs east–west through the southern part of the Commonwealth. The road has two pieces in Virginia, joined by a relatively short section in West Virginia. Most of US460 is a divided highway and is a major artery in the southern third of the state. US460 from Interstate 81 at Christiansburg west to Pikeville, Kentucky, from West Virginia east to I-81, US460 also is part of the proposed Interstate 73. US460 enters Buchanan County from Pike County, Kentucky, within the Cumberland Plateau, the U. S. Highway heads southeast as a two-lane road parallel to Norfolk Southern Railways Buchanan Branch in the narrow valley of the Levisa Fork of the Big Sandy River. US460 passes by the communities of Conaway, Big Rock, and Artia before entering the town of Grundy, US460 meets SR83 at the confluence of Slate Creek and Levisa Fork. The two highways run south as a mix of two- and four-lane road through Tookland to Vansant. US460 continues east as a divided highway through Deel, Janey, and Oakwood, the site of the Appalachian College of Pharmacy. The U. S. Highway continues through Keen Mountain and Grimsleyville, US460 ascends to Shortt Gap, where the highway crosses Sandy Ridge. There, US460 leaves the Ohio River watershed for the Tennessee River watershed, leaves the Cumberland Plateau for the Ridge-and-Valley Appalachians, US460 descends Sandy Ridge south along Coal Creek and passes through the community of Red Ash. The four-lane divided highway, named for George C, peery, curves east and begins to parallel Norfolk Southerns Clinch Valley District rail line and the Clinch River at Raven, where the highway is paralleled by and is joined by SR67. US460 and SR67 enter the town of Richlands, west of the downtown area, US460 passes to the north of downtown and has a partial cloverleaf interchange with SR67. The U. S. Highway continues into the town of Cedar Bluff and has a pair of interchanges with its business route. US460 leaves the railroad and river, collects the eastern end of its business route, and heads out of Cedar Bluff to Claypool Hill. US460 and US19 head east along four-lane divided George C, peery Highway, which is also named The Trail of the Lonesome Pine, through a long east–west valley between Paint Lick Mountain and Deskin Mountain to the south and Smith Ridge to the north. Highways rejoin the Clinch River and the Clinch Valley District rail line at Pounding Mill, US19 and US460 head through Cliffield and Maxwell to Pisgah, where US19 Bus. and US460 Bus. split south along Crab Orchard Road toward Frog Level. The mainline highways have a cloverleaf interchange with SR16 Alt. at the western town limit of Tazewell. US460 and US19 continue through an interchange with SR16 and a partial cloverleaf interchange with SR61 at a crossing of the Clinch River
U.S. Route 460 in Virginia
8.
Interstate 64 (Virginia)
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In the U. S. state of Virginia, Interstate 64 runs east–west through the middle of the state from West Virginia to the Hampton Roads region, a total of 298 miles. It is notable for crossing the mouth of the harbor of Hampton Roads on the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, I-64 enters Virginia as a four-lane divided highway, continuing its concurrency with U. S.60 through Covington into Lexington where the two routes split. From Lexington, I-64 then turns northward to Staunton overlapping Interstate 81 in the Shenandoah Valley. S, after Charlottesville, I-64 then turns more east-southeasterly and heads towards Richmond, passing through Fluvanna, Goochland and Louisa Counties. Hurricane gates are installed at eastbound Interstate 64 entrance and exit ramps from Exit 200 to Exit 273, to date, there has never been an activation of the contraflow system in any capacity. Once on the Southside, I-64 turns south through Norfolk, passing the eastern boundary of Naval Station Norfolk and Chambers Field, and the spur route supplying it, Interstate 564. It then becomes a six lane divided highway with a two lane roadway in the middle, which is used for HOV-traffic during morning and afternoon rush hours. After entering Chesapeake, I-64 actually turns west-southwesterly and it is actually at this point when the road stops being signed as either east or west and is only signed with its Beltway designation of Inner or Outer Loop. After interchanging with another of its routes, Interstate 464, I-64 then crosses the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River using the High Rise Bridge. Early studies and proposals of the Interregional Highway System, I-64 was to use the U. S. Route 250 alignment west of Richmond and this southern route was favored by Gov. J. Lindsay Almond Jr. and most members of the State Highway Commission. The decision was on hold for three years while the state continued planning for the piece of the US250 alignment from Richmond to Short Pump, which would be needed anyway to handle traffic. In 1961, U. S. Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges rejected that plan and chose the present route, officially, the chosen route was considered more efficient. However, there is speculation that the decision involved back-room politics of the Kennedy administration, Interstate 64 has four auxiliary routes, all of which are in the Hampton Roads Area, Interstate 664, a bypass route serving Chesapeake, Suffolk, Newport News and Hampton. Interstate 564, a route serving Naval Station Norfolk. Interstate 264, a route serving the Virginia Beach Oceanfront, Downtown Norfolk. Interstate 464, a route serving the western side of Chesapeake, Portsmouth. It connects I-64 in Chesapeake to I-264 in Norfolk, two segments on I-64 have been identified as candidates for widening, I-64 on the Virginia Peninsula from New Kent County to Newport News and I-64 in South Hampton Roads from the I-464/SR 168/U. S. 17 interchange in Chesapeake to the Bowers Hill Interchange in Suffolk, on the Peninsula, most of the I-64 corridor is a four lane roadway and is one of the most-traveled segments in the region, connecting the Hampton Roads Metro to the Greater Richmond region. The approved plan selected by VDOT and partners included the plan that added a general purpose lane in each direction by either expanding into the median or on the outside shoulder
Interstate 64 (Virginia)
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Map from a 1958 study, showing the two routes between Clifton Forge and Richmond
Interstate 64 (Virginia)
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Interstate 64
Interstate 64 (Virginia)
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I-64 on the
Hampton Roads Beltway, north of
I-264
Interstate 64 (Virginia)
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Interstate 64 in
Alleghany County. Note the narrow median.
9.
Interstate 264 (Virginia)
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Interstate 264 is an Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. It runs from a junction with Interstate 64 and Interstate 664 near Bowers Hill in Chesapeake east into Portsmouth and through the Downtown Tunnel under the South Branch Elizabeth River into Norfolk. I-264 then heads east through Norfolk, crossing Interstate 64 at the east side of the Hampton Roads Beltway, and into Virginia Beach, from this point, 21st and 22nd streets continue as a one-way pair with no route designation to U. S. Route 60. The original section of I-264, designated in the late 1950s, the piece east to the Virginia Beach waterfront was built as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk Expressway, and carried State Route 44 until I-264 was extended over it in 1999. I-264 is a part of the National Highway System for its entire length, a toll for use of the Downtown Tunnel began February 1,2014. Tolls are collected electronically and set at $1.25 during peak hours, I-264 begins at a full Y interchange in the Bowers Hill area of the city of Chesapeake. This interchange also serves as the terminus of I-64 and the southern terminus of I-664. I-664 is used to access US13, US58, and US460, I-264 continues east through a partial cloverleaf interchange with US17. I-264s final interchange in Portsmouth provides access to SR141 in downtown Portsmouth, westbound I-264 traffic has ramps to and from Bart Street. This interchange, which serves the Norfolk Naval Shipyard, is where the Interstate reduces to four lanes. I-264 surfaces in the city of Norfolk and immediately has an interchange with I-464, the I-464 interchange also provides access to Berkley Avenue in the Berkley section of Norfolk. I-264 curves north as a highway that crosses the Eastern Branch Elizabeth River on a drawbridge. These streets provide access to Harbor Park, a stadium that is home to the Norfolk Tides. I-264 continues east as a freeway between the Eastern Branch Elizabeth River to the south and the Tide Light Rail tracks to the north. The Interstate has an interchange with US460, SR166, and SR168, there is no access between Brambleton Avenue and I-264 toward downtown. East of US460, the passes to the south of Norfolk State University and has a diamond interchange with SR405. I-264 crosses Broad Creek and gains collector-distributor lanes for the three, closely spaced interchanges. These junctions include an interchange with US13, a cloverleaf interchange with several flyover ramps at I-64
Interstate 264 (Virginia)
10.
Interstate 664 (Virginia)
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Interstate 664 is an intrastate auxiliary Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. The Interstate runs 20.79 miles from I-64 and I-264 in Chesapeake north to I-64 in Hampton, I-664 forms the west side of the Hampton Roads Beltway, a circumferential highway serving the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. The Interstate crosses Hampton Roads via the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel between Suffolk and Newport News, I-664 is connected to the other major cities of the metropolitan area—Portsmouth, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach—by I-264. The Interstate also has a connection to Portsmouth through Virginia State Route 164 and to Suffolk via U. S. Route 13, US58, and US460. I-664 begins at a full Y interchange with I-64 and I-264 that serves as the terminus of all three Interstates in the Bowers Hill section of the city of Chesapeake. I-64 heads southeast as a continuation of the Hampton Roads Beltway through Chesapeake while I-264 heads east toward Portsmouth, I-664 heads west as an eight-lane freeway that has a southbound-only exit ramp to US13 and US460 and crosses over Military Highway and a Norfolk Southern Railway rail line. The Interstate has a interchange with Military Highway, which here carries US58 in addition to US13. The interchange also provides access to US460 Alternate, which follows US58 east into Portsmouth, I-664 curves north as a four-lane freeway that crosses Goose Creek and has a diamond interchange with SR663 and a cloverleaf interchange with SR337. Just south of its cloverleaf interchange with SR659, I-664 crosses a rail line. The rail spur leaves the median and heads northeast toward Portsmouth just south of its interchange with SR164, SR164 heads east toward downtown Portsmouth while US17 heads northwest to the James River Bridge. North of SR135, northbound I-664 has an inspection station. The bridge-tunnel passes to the west of Craney Island, an island in the city of Portsmouth that lies to the west of the mouth of the Elizabeth River. West of the highway is the confluence of the James River and Nansemond River to form Hampton Roads, the Interstate resurfaces on another artificial island at Newport News Point east of the coal piers in the city of Newport News. I-664 has a vehicle inspection station adjacent to its first interchange in Newport News. The Interstate parallels the end of CSXs Peninsula Subdivision as it passes through interchanges with several streets to the east of downtown Newport News. The southern interchange has ramps to and from 25th, 26th, and 27th streets, the northern interchange has ramps to and from 35th Street and Jefferson Avenue, Jefferson Avenue is SR143, which is also unmarked from the Interstate. I-664 curves east as a six-lane freeway away from the railroad and has a crossing of SR351 prior to half-diamond interchanges with Roanoke Avenue. The Interstate enters the city of Hampton and has interchanges with Aberdeen Road
Interstate 664 (Virginia)
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Interstate 664
11.
Chesapeake, Virginia
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Chesapeake is an independent city located in the U. S. commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 222,209, in 2013, Chesapeake is included in the Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News, VA–NC MSA. Chesapeake is the second-largest city by area in the Commonwealth of Virginia. It has miles of waterfront industrial, commercial and residential property, in 2011, Chesapeake was named the 21st best city in America by Bloomberg Businessweek. In 1963, the new independent city of Chesapeake was created when the independent city of South Norfolk consolidated with Norfolk County. The consolidation was approved and the new name selected by the voters of each community by referendum, formed in 1691 in the Virginia Colony, Norfolk County had originally included essentially all the area which became the towns and later cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, and South Norfolk. Its area was reduced after 1871 as these cities added territory through annexations, becoming an independent city was a method for the former county to stabilize borders with neighbors, as cities could not annex territory from each other. The relatively small city of South Norfolk had become a town within Norfolk County in 1919. Its residents wanted to make a change to put their jurisdiction on an equal footing in other aspects with the much larger cities of Norfolk. The consolidation that resulted in the city of Chesapeake was part of a wave of changes in the structure of government in southeastern Virginia which took place between 1952 and 1975. The Chesapeake region was among the first areas settled in the colonial era. Beginning in the late 1980s and accelerating in the 1990s, however, Chesapeake saw significant growth, attracting numerous and this explosive growth quickly led to strains on the municipal infrastructure, ranging from intrusion of saltwater into the citys water supply to congested roads and schools. Chesapeake made national headlines in 2003 when, under a change of venue. A jury convicted him of murder but spared him a death sentence, it chose a sentence of life in prison without parole for the young man. A jury in neighboring Virginia Beach convicted his older partner John Allen Muhammad, Chesapeake is located at 36°46′2″N 76°17′14″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has an area of 351 square miles. The northeastern part of the Great Dismal Swamp is located in Chesapeake, Chesapeake is one of the larger cities in Virginia and the nation in terms of land area. This poses challenges to city leaders in supporting infrastructure to serve this area, in addition, the city has many historically and geographically distinct communities
Chesapeake, Virginia
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Great Dismal Swamp Canal
Chesapeake, Virginia
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Flag
Chesapeake, Virginia
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Seal
Chesapeake, Virginia
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Norfolk County, Virginia (from 1895 map), existed from 1691-1963, now extinct
12.
U.S. Route 17 in Virginia
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U. S. Route 17 is a part of the U. S. Highway System that runs from Punta Gorda, Florida to Winchester, Virginia. In Virginia, the U. S. Highway runs 255.83 miles from the North Carolina state line in Chesapeake north to its terminus at US11, US50. US17 is a highway in the eastern half of Virginia. The U. S. Highway connects the Albemarle Region of North Carolina with the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, within the urban area, US17 passes through the South Hampton Roads cities of Chesapeake, Portsmouth, and Suffolk and the Virginia Peninsula city of Newport News. Between Yorktown and Fredericksburg, the U. S. Highway serves as the highway of the Middle Peninsula. The U. S. Highway heads north through the city of Chesapeake as George Washington Highway, US17 meets the southern end of SR166 just north of the bridge. US17 expands to a divided highway again at its intersection with SR190. US17 becomes concurrent with I-64 in the direction of Suffolk, the four-lane freeway crosses the Southern Branch on the High Rise Bridge. I-64 and US17 diverge at an interchange with George Washington Highway. I-64 continues west toward its junction with I-664 at Bowers Hill while US17 heads north on the divided highway. US17 crosses over Norfolk Southern Railways Norfolk District and intersects Military Highway, the U. S. Highway continues as a three-lane road with center turn lane to the north end of SR196, where the highway becomes five lanes and crosses St. Julian Creek. US17 enters the city of Portsmouth at its crossing of another Norfolk Southern rail line. The highway becomes a divided highway at SR239. At Paradise Creek, SR141 continues along George Washington Highway while US17 turns northwest onto Frederick Boulevard, US17 has another at-grade railroad crossing before the highway intersects SR337 Alternate. Just north of its intersection with US58, US17 turns west onto High Street. The four-lane undivided highway crosses the Western Branch Elizabeth River on the Churchland Bridge, US17 becomes a divided highway again in the community of Churchland, where the highway intersects another rail line between its intersections with Churchland Boulevard. The U. S. Highway briefly passes through Chesapeake again, US17 meets the southern end of SR135 and crosses another rail line. The highway has a interchange with I-664 just south of the Interstates interchange with SR164
U.S. Route 17 in Virginia
–
U.S. Route 17
13.
Interstate 464 (Virginia)
–
Interstate 464 is an Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. The highway runs 5.67 miles from U. S. Route 17, I-464 connects two major highway junctions in the South Hampton Roads region. At its southern end, the Interstate meets two major highways that head toward North Carolina, US17 and SR168, and I-64, at its northern terminus, I-464 has connections with Downtown Norfolk and Portsmouth via I-264. I-464 begins in the city of Chesapeake at the end of the directional interchange between US17 and SR168. US17 heads south toward the Inner Banks community of Elizabeth City, SR168 heads south toward the Outer Banks, including Nags Head and Manteo. Just north of I-464s terminus is a interchange with I-64. US17 and SR168 join I-64 for their own short concurrencies, with US17 heading west toward Suffolk, I-464 heads north as a six-lane freeway that meets US13 at a diamond interchange and crosses over Norfolk Southern Railways Norfolk District. The ramp from northbound I-464 to westbound I-264, which passes through a trench, also access to State Street. Eastbound I-264 crosses the Eastern Branch Elizabeth River on the Berkley Bridge into downtown Norfolk, westbound I-264 passes under the Southern Branch via the Downtown Tunnel into the city of Portsmouth. Interstate 464 opened between Interstate 64 and U. S.13 in May 1967, work along I-264 doubled capacity at the adjacent Downtown Tunnel to the west while expanding the new interchange with I-464. Opening at that time was the span for eastbound traffic. Designated as Virginia 168, the $38-million Oak Grove Connector was opened northbound in May 1999 and southbound after a ribbon cutting ceremony held on July 22,1999. Planned since the 1960s, construction on the connector commenced in August 1997.5 Further south, Virginia Highways Project, I-464 AARoads, I-464
Interstate 464 (Virginia)
–
Interstate 464
14.
Norfolk, Virginia
–
Norfolk is an independent city in the Commonwealth of Virginia, United States. At the 2010 census, the population was 242,803, in 2015, Norfolk is located at the core of the Hampton Roads metropolitan area, named for the large natural harbor of the same name located at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay. It is one of nine cities and seven counties that constitute the Hampton Roads metro area, officially known as the Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, the city is bordered to the west by the Elizabeth River and to the north by the Chesapeake Bay. It also shares borders with the independent cities of Chesapeake to its south. Norfolk is one of the oldest cities in Hampton Roads, and is considered to be the historic, urban, financial, the city has a long history as a strategic military and transportation point. The largest Navy base in the world, Naval Station Norfolk, is located in Norfolk along with one of NATOs two Strategic Command headquarters. As the city is bordered by multiple bodies of water, Norfolk has many miles of riverfront and bayfront property, including beaches on the Chesapeake Bay. It is linked to its neighbors by a network of Interstate highways, bridges, tunnels. In 1619, the Governor of the Virginia Colony, Sir George Yeardley incorporated four jurisdictions, termed citties and these formed the basis for colonial representative government in the newly minted House of Burgesses. What would become Norfolk was put under the Elizabeth Cittie incorporation, in 1634 King Charles I reorganized the colony into a system of shires. The former Elizabeth Cittie became Elizabeth City Shire, after persuading 105 people to settle in the colony, Adam Thoroughgood was granted a large land holding, through the head rights system, along the Lynnhaven River in 1636. When the South Hampton Roads portion of the shire was separated, one year later, it was split into two counties, Upper Norfolk and Lower Norfolk, chiefly on Thoroughgoods recommendation. This area of Virginia became known as the place of entrepreneurs, the House of Burgesses established the Towne of Lower Norfolk County in 1680. In 1691, a final county subdivision took place when Lower Norfolk County split to form Norfolk County, in 1730, a tobacco inspection site was located here. By 1775, Norfolk developed into what contemporary observers argued was the most prosperous city in Virginia and it was an important port for exporting goods to the British Isles and beyond. In part because of its merchants numerous trading ties with other parts of the British Empire, after fleeing the colonial capital of Williamsburg, Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, tried to reestablish control of the colony from Norfolk. Dunmore secured small victories at Norfolk but was forced into exile by the American rebels and his departure brought an end to more than 168 years of British colonial rule in Virginia. On New Years Day,1776, Lord Dunmores fleet of three ships shelled the city of Norfolk for more than eight hours, the damage from the shells and fires started by the British and spread by the patriots destroyed over 800 buildings, almost two-thirds of the city
Norfolk, Virginia
–
Clockwise from top: Downtown Norfolk skyline as viewed from across the
Elizabeth River,
USS Wisconsin battleship museum,
Ocean View Pier,
The Tide light rail, ships at
Naval Station Norfolk, historic homes in
Ghent
Norfolk, Virginia
–
Where one of Lord Dunmore's shells landed during the American Revolutionary War
Norfolk, Virginia
–
Joseph Jenkins Roberts, born and raised in Norfolk, became the first President of
Liberia.
Norfolk, Virginia
–
Newport News,
Hampton,
Isle of Wight County,
Suffolk,
Chesapeake,
Portsmouth and Norfolk,
Virginia from space, July 1996. Norfolk is located in the upper right quadrant, and east is at the top.
15.
U.S. Route 60 in Virginia
–
In contrast, through this section, the older US60 is mostly a rural two-lane road. There it curves south to run along the Atlantic Ocean shoreline to end near the end of the Virginia Beach resort strip. In Virginia, as a through-route, U. S.60 was largely replaced by Interstate 64, the latter is roughly parallel, although there is a separation of over 30 miles north and south between Lexington and Richmond. In South Hampton Roads, the roads also separate, I-64 became part of the circumferential Hampton Roads Beltway and looping far south and west of Norfolk, rather than reaching the Atlantic Ocean. At Lexington, the newer Interstate route swings north, concurrent with I-81 to Staunton where it turns east. The variation between the routes was due to terrain for the crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains. U. S.60 crosses at Whites Gap, I-64 uses Rockfish Gap, East of the Blue Ridge, the two pathways gradually converge, meeting again at Richmond. It was notorious for deadly crashes in the years before I-64 was completed, the newer I-64 uses Rockfish Gap, a lower elevation wind gap which was also selected for a vital railroad crossing by Virginias legendary 19th century state engineer, Claudius Crozet. East of the mountain, I-64 passes Charlottesville and has easy grades on its way to Richmond, from Lexington, US60 runs easterly across the Blue Ridge Mountains. The switchbacks and grades along the crossing of the Blue Ridge Mountains still used by U. S.60 combine to form a very hilly, the 30 miles east of Lexington become virtually impassable by most vehicles during inclement weather, particularly snow and ice. A short distance east of Interstate 81, as it passes through Buena Vista, even leaving the city limits. The roadway has many switchbacks and on both the eastern and western slopes, with Whites Gap at the peak, after descending on the eastern side, travelers reach Amherst, where Route 60 intersects north–south U. S. Route 29. Continuing east, there is a shorter section of mountainous terrain before the road levels out somewhat into the rolling Piedmont region through the middle belt of the state. At Sprouses Corner in Buckingham County, north–south U. S. Route 15 is crossed and this is the last major intersection until reaching the outskirts of Richmond. The road is two lanes for most of its journey eastward from Lexington, but widens to four lanes in Powhatan Virginia, crossing into Chesterfield County, it intersects State Route 288, a semi-circumferential expressway around the southwestern quadrant of Metropolitan Richmond and becoming Midlothian Turnpike. East of VA-288, Route 60 continues a few miles into the community of Midlothian, U. S.60 in the Richmond area enters on Midlothian Turnpike. The road largely follows the path of the old Manchester Turnpike, nearby, remnants of the Chesterfield Railroad, first in Virginia can be seen just south of the current highway. Midlothian was the site of coal mines after about 1700, with product transported overland to Manchester which was Richmonds sister city south of the river, at Manchester, ships could dock in the navigable waters of the James River just east of the fall line
U.S. Route 60 in Virginia
–
US 60 east at the jct with US 501 in Buena Vista, Virginia
U.S. Route 60 in Virginia
–
U.S. Route 60
16.
Virginia Beach, Virginia
–
Virginia Beach is an independent city located in the Commonwealth of Virginia. As of the 2010 census, the population was 437,994, in 2015, the population was estimated to be 452,745. Although mostly suburban in character, it is the most populous city in Virginia, despite being larger, Virginia Beach is generally considered to be a suburb of Norfolk. Located on the Atlantic Ocean at the mouth of the Chesapeake Bay, Virginia Beach is a resort city with miles of beaches and hundreds of hotels, motels, and restaurants along its oceanfront. Every year the city hosts the East Coast Surfing Championships as well as the North American Sand Soccer Championship, a beach soccer tournament. Near the point where the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean meet, Cape Henry was the site of the first landing of the English colonists, the city is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as having the longest pleasure beach in the world. It is located at the end of the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel. The Chesepian were the indigenous people of the area now known as Tidewater in Virginia at the time of European encounter. Little is known about them but archeological evidence suggests they may have related to the Carolina Algonquian. They would have one of the Algonquian languages. These were common among the tribes of the coastal area. The Chesepian occupied an area which is now defined as the independent cities of Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake and they named it Cape Henry, after Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales, the eldest son of King James I of England. They created their first permanent settlement on the side of the James River at Jamestown. Adam Thoroughgood of Kings Lynn, Norfolk, England is one of the earliest Englishmen to settle in this area, at the age of 18, he had contracted as an indentured servant to pay for passage to the Virginia Colony in the hopes of bettering his life. He earned his freedom after several years and became a citizen of the area. In 1629, he was elected to the House of Burgesses for Elizabeth Cittie, in 1634, the Colony was divided into the original eight shires of Virginia, soon renamed as counties. Thoroughgood is credited using the name of his home in England when helping name New Norfolk County in 1637. The following year, New Norfolk County was split into Upper Norfolk County, Thoroughgood resided after 1634 was along the Lynnhaven River, named for his home in England
Virginia Beach, Virginia
–
Clockwise from top left:
Oceanfront beaches; King Neptune statue;
Town Center skyline;
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel;
Cape Henry Lighthouses
Virginia Beach, Virginia
–
A Chesepian home
Virginia Beach, Virginia
–
Cape Henry from the air, facing ESE
Virginia Beach, Virginia
–
Princess Anne County (1691–1963), now extinct, with Virginia Beach from 1895 Virginia map
17.
Virginia State Route 175
–
State Route 175 is a primary state highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. Known as Chincoteague Road, the highway runs 10.49 miles from U. S. Route 13 at Nash Corner east to Main Street in Chincoteague. The route travels between the mainland and Chincoteague Island along the John B, in 1928, SR520 was designated to run from US13 in Oak Hall east toward Chincoteague Island, being extended onto the island in 1930. The route was extended south along US13 and west to a railroad crossing west of Oak Hall in 1930, SR520 became SR175 in the 1933 Virginia state highway renumbering. The western terminus was moved to its current location in 1947, SR175 was routed to bypass Wallops Station to the south in 1954. In 1992, the section of SR175 in Chincoteague, along all of SR 175Y, was transferred to the secondary system. SR175 was rerouted to bypass Marsh Island and a bridge over Chincoteague Channel with a new bascule bridge further north in 2010. The former swing bridge was demolished and a spur off the new bridge was built to serve Marsh Island, SR175 begins at an intersection with US13 at Nash Corner 4 miles south of the Maryland state line. The state highway heads east as an undivided road through a mix of farmland and woodland. Upon reaching the community of Wattsville, the highway intersects SR679, the road crosses over Wallops Pond, an impoundment of Wattsville Branch of Mosquito Creek, onto Wallops Island. While heading north parallel to one of the flight facilitys runways, SR175 curves to the east as it passes the main entrance to the flight facility. SR175 heads east onto the John B, whealton Memorial Causeway between the mainland and Chincoteague Island. The causeway passes over marshland adjacent to the end of Chincoteague Bay and includes bridges over Mosquito Creek, Cockle Creek, Queen Sound Channel. A fifth bridge curves to the north and then east around the end of Marsh Island to cross Black Narrows. The bridge has a span over Chincoteague Channel and lands on Chincoteague Island north of the downtown area. Marsh Island is served by a bridge that meets SR175 over Black Narrows. SR175 reaches its terminus at Main Street in the town of Chincoteague. The roadway continues east as Maddox Boulevard toward Assateague Island, SR175 serves as the access road from US13 to both Chincoteague and the Virginia section of Assateague Island
Virginia State Route 175
–
The Whealton Memorial Causeway between the mainland and Chincoteague
Virginia State Route 175
18.
Chincoteague, Virginia
–
Chincoteague is a town on Chincoteague Island in Accomack County, Virginia, U. S. The population was 2,941 at the 2010 census, the town is known for the Chincoteague Ponies, although these are not actually on the island of Chincoteague but on nearby Assateague Island. These ponies and the annual Pony Penning Day are the subject of Marguerite Henrys 1947 childrens book Misty of Chincoteague, Chincoteague is located at 37°56′5″N 75°22′4″W. According to the United States Census Bureau, the town has an area of 37.3 square miles, of which 9.1 square miles is land and 28.2 square miles. The year of 1650 marks the first land grant issued on Chincoteague Island, daniel Jenifer became the first English landowner. In 1671, settlers came to the island, and by 1672 there were large farms by Bishops, Bowdens, by 1838, there were 36 houses on the island, and in 1861 the island voted 132-2 not to secede from the Union and against slavery. The town saw action in the war via the Battle of Cockle Creek fought in the bay in 1861. The Native American name for the island is Gingoteague, and the name of the town Chincoteague first appeared in the Decisions of the United States Board on Geographical Names in 1943, in 1962, a major noreaster winter storm, the Ash Wednesday Storm, struck the coast. The town was underwater, and went for days without electricity. The storm destroyed almost all structures on Assateague Island, where development was just beginning, following this, most of the island was preserved from development as Assateague Island National Seashore in 1965. The Assateague Lighthouse and Captain Timothy Hill House are listed on the National Register of Historic Places, in the Pony Penning, which has been held annually since 1925, horses swim across the shallow water between the islands. If any animal is too small or weak to make the swim, they are placed on a barge, all the horses are herded into large pens after running through the middle of town and down Main Street. Pony Penning takes place on the last consecutive Wednesday and Thursday in July, the actual swim occurs on Wednesday, the Chincoteague Volunteer Fire Company auctions that years foals on Thursday, and on Friday the remaining ponies swim back to Assateague. The town features numerous small hotels, bed and breakfasts, and campgrounds that serve visitors to the region, the island also features many restaurants, ice cream parlors, and miniature golf courses. The island contains two museums, Beebe Ranch, and the Museum of Chincoteague Island, as of the census of 2000, there were 4,317 people,2,068 households, and 1,244 families residing in the town. The population density was 448.2 people per square mile, there were 3,970 housing units at an average density of 412.2 per square mile. The racial makeup of the town was 96. 92% White,0. 95% African American,0. 28% Native American,0. 28% Asian,0. 37% from other races, hispanic or Latino of any race were 0. 53% of the population. 33. 8% of all households were made up of individuals and 13. 9% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older, the average household size was 2.08 and the average family size was 2.63
Chincoteague, Virginia
–
Welcome to Chincoteague, with the Island Roxy in the background.
Chincoteague, Virginia
–
Fishing boats along the waterfront in Chincoteague
Chincoteague, Virginia
–
Seal
Chincoteague, Virginia
–
Misty of Chincoteague statue on Main Street
19.
U.S. Route 13 in Maryland
–
U. S. Route 13 is a U. S. Highway running from Fayetteville, North Carolina north to Morrisville, Pennsylvania. The majority of the route within Maryland is a divided highway that passes through rural areas of woodland and farmland. The route also runs through a few municipalities including Pocomoke City and Princess Anne and it bypasses Salisbury and Fruitland to the east on the Salisbury Bypass, which is a freeway. US13 intersects many roads including the southern terminus of US113 in Pocomoke City, Maryland Route 413 in Westover. The route shares a concurrency with US50 along a portion of the Salisbury Bypass, US13 was designated through Maryland when the U. S. Highway System was established in 1926, running along existing roads. It formed a part of the Ocean Highway, a road connected the New York City area to Florida. Many realignments of the route occurred over the years, the route was realigned between Princess Anne and Fruitland in 1933 and between Westover and Princess Anne in 1935. Between 1938 and 1942, Salisbury Boulevard was built to carry US13 through Salisbury, in the 1950s, portions of the route were widened to a divided highway and a bypass of Delmar was built. US13 was rerouted to bypass Princess Anne in 1959 and Pocomoke City in 1963, the remainder of US13 in Maryland was widened into a divided highway in the 1960s. In 1973, construction began to build the limited-access Salisbury Bypass to the east of the city, US13 was moved onto the completed Salisbury Bypass in 1981. Entering the state from Virginia, US13 heads north on Ocean Highway, upon entering Maryland, US13 features a welcome center in the northbound direction. It continues north through wooded areas before heading into a mix of farmland and woodland with residences and businesses along the road. As the road approaches Pocomoke City, more businesses start to line the road, before entering Pocomoke City, US13 Business heads northwest from US13 on Market Street into the downtown area. Past this intersection, the road enters Pocomoke City, US13 turns west into wooded areas before crossing the Pocomoke River upstream of US13 Bus. Upon crossing the Pocomoke River, US13 heads into Somerset County and intersects the terminus of US13 Bus. From here, the comes to a bridge over the Delmarva Central Railroads Delmarva Secondary and curves to the northwest. It features an intersection with the terminus of MD667. US13 heads back into areas where it intersects many unsigned suffixed segments of MD920 which are mostly short
U.S. Route 13 in Maryland
–
US 13 at southern terminus of
US 113 in
Pocomoke City
U.S. Route 13 in Maryland
–
U.S. Route 13
U.S. Route 13 in Maryland
–
Historical Marker on US 13 in
Somerset County, at its intersection with
MD 667.
U.S. Route 13 in Maryland
–
Westbound
US 50 where it joins US 13 and Salisbury Bypass east of
Salisbury.
20.
Maryland
–
The states largest city is Baltimore, and its capital is Annapolis. Among its occasional nicknames are Old Line State, the Free State, the state is named after Henrietta Maria of France, the wife of Charles I of England. George Calvert was the first Lord of Baltimore and the first English proprietor of the colonial grant. Maryland was the state to ratify the United States Constitution. Maryland is one of the smallest U. S. states in terms of area, as well as one of the most densely populated, Maryland has an area of 12,406.68 square miles and is comparable in overall area with Belgium. It is the 42nd largest and 9th smallest state and is closest in size to the state of Hawaii, the next largest state, its neighbor West Virginia, is almost twice the size of Maryland. Maryland possesses a variety of topography within its borders, contributing to its nickname America in Miniature. The mid-portion of this border is interrupted by Washington, D. C. which sits on land that was part of Montgomery and Prince Georges counties and including the town of Georgetown. This land was ceded to the United States Federal Government in 1790 to form the District of Columbia, the Chesapeake Bay nearly bisects the state and the counties east of the bay are known collectively as the Eastern Shore. Close to the town of Hancock, in western Maryland, about two-thirds of the way across the state. This geographical curiosity makes Maryland the narrowest state, bordered by the Mason–Dixon line to the north, portions of Maryland are included in various official and unofficial geographic regions. Much of the Baltimore–Washington corridor lies just south of the Piedmont in the Coastal Plain, earthquakes in Maryland are infrequent and small due to the states distance from seismic/earthquake zones. The M5.8 Virginia earthquake in 2011 was felt moderately throughout Maryland, buildings in the state are not well-designed for earthquakes and can suffer damage easily. The lack of any glacial history accounts for the scarcity of Marylands natural lakes, laurel Oxbow Lake is an over one-hundred-year-old 55-acre natural lake two miles north of Maryland City and adjacent to Russett. Chews Lake is a natural lake two miles south-southeast of Upper Marlboro. There are numerous lakes, the largest of them being the Deep Creek Lake. Maryland has shale formations containing natural gas, where fracking is theoretically possible, as is typical of states on the East Coast, Marylands plant life is abundant and healthy. Middle Atlantic coastal forests, typical of the southeastern Atlantic coastal plain, grow around Chesapeake Bay, moving west, a mixture of Northeastern coastal forests and Southeastern mixed forests cover the central part of the state
Maryland
–
Western Maryland: known for its heavily forested mountains. A panoramic view of
Deep Creek Lake and the surrounding
Appalachian Mountains in
Garrett County.
Maryland
–
Flag
Maryland
–
Dramatic example of Maryland's
fall line, a change in rock type and elevation that creates waterfalls in many areas along the Southwest to Northeast geological boundary that crosses the state.
Great Falls, cliffs and rapids.
Maryland
–
Typical freshwater river above the tidal zone. The
Patapsco River includes the famous
Thomas Viaduct and is part of the
Patapsco Valley State Park. Later, the river forms the
Inner Harbor as it empties into the
Chesapeake Bay.
21.
United States Numbered Highway System
–
The United States Numbered Highway System is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a nationwide grid in the contiguous United States. The route numbers and locations are coordinated by the American Association of State Highway, the only federal involvement in AASHTO is a nonvoting seat for the United States Department of Transportation. Generally, north-to-south highways are odd-numbered, with lowest numbers in the east, the area of the thirteen states of the United States. Similarly, east-to-west highways are typically even-numbered, with the lowest numbers in the north, where roads were first improved most intensively, major north–south routes have numbers ending in 1 while major east–west routes have numbers ending in 0. Three-digit numbered highways are spur routes of parent highways but are not necessarily connected to their parents, some divided routes exist to provide two alignments for one route, even though many splits have been eliminated. Special routes, usually posted with a banner, can provide various routes, such as an alternate, bypass or business route, Routes were designated, auto trails designated by auto trail associations were the main means of marking roads through the United States. In 1925, the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, recommended by the American Association of State Highway Officials, after several meetings, a final report was approved by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in November 1925. They received complaints from across the country about the assignment of routes, so the Board made several modifications, as a result of compromises made to get the U. S. Highway System approved, many routes were divided, with alignments to serve different towns. In subsequent years, AASHTO called for such splits in U. S, expansion of the system continued until 1956, when the Interstate Highway System was formed. After construction was completed, many U. S, Routes were replaced by Interstate Highways for through traffic. Highways still form many important regional connections, and new routes are still being added, Routes do not have a minimum design standard, unlike the later Interstate Highways, and are not usually built to freeway standards. Many are designated using the streets of the cities and towns through which they run. New additions to the system, however, must substantially meet the current AASHTO design standards, as of 1989, the United States Numbered Highways system has a total length of 157,724 miles. Except for toll bridges and tunnels, very few U. S. AASHTO policy says that a road may only be included as a special route. U. S. Route 3 meets this obligation, in New Hampshire, but US Routes in the system do use parts of four toll roads, US51 uses part of the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway in Illinois, the old road is Illinois Route 251. US278 uses the tolled Cross Island Parkway in South Carolina, US412 uses the Cimarron Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is US64. US412 also uses the Cherokee Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is Alternate US412, Routes follow a simple grid in the contiguous United States, in which odd-numbered routes run generally north to south and even-numbered routes run generally east to west
United States Numbered Highway System
–
The "final" U.S. Highway plan as approved November 11, 1926
United States Numbered Highway System
–
Design changes of U.S. Highway shield
United States Numbered Highway System
–
This sign, photographed in 1941 on US 99 between
Seattle, Washington, and
Portland, Oregon, illustrates one rationale for a federal highway system: national defense.
22.
List of United States Numbered Highways
–
The following is a list of United States numbered highways. Numbered Highways both past and present, with the former shaded in gray, three-digit subsidiaries are grouped with their one- or two-digit parent. The list is based on American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials definitions, with details on extensions and truncations. Discrepancies with state specifications are noted, Highways that exist entirely within one state. Since the current policy on numbering and designating US Highways was written in 1991, AASHTO has been in the process of eliminating all intrastate U. S. Roads portal Endpoints of US Highways, from Dale Sanderson US Highway Endings, from Adam Froehlig U. S. Highways, from US1 to at the Wayback Machine, from Robert V. Droz
List of United States Numbered Highways
–
Map of the present U.S. Highway network
23.
List of divided U.S. Routes
–
Not to be confused with divided highway portions of the U. S. Highway system. These splits were in the U. S. Highway system from the beginning and this policy was adopted by 1996, however, many of these routes still exist, mostly in Tennessee. US Highways, Divided Routes AASHTO – Establishment and Development of United States Numbered Highways
List of divided U.S. Routes
–
Map of the present U.S. Highway network
24.
List of highways bypassed by Interstate Highways
–
This is a list of highways, mostly U. S. Routes, bypassed by Interstate Highways. Unless otherwise specified, designations are as of ca,1960, at the time the final Interstate plan was adopted. Interstates marked as later addition were added after the early 1960s
List of highways bypassed by Interstate Highways
–
The Interstate Highway System and its numbering as approved June 27, 1958; several of these numbers were modified by 1960
25.
History of state highways in Virginia
–
The History of State Highways in Virginia begins with Virginias State Highway Commission, which was formed by the General Assembly in 1906. In 1918 the General Assembly designated a 4002-mile state highway system to be maintained by the Commission, beginning in 1922, the Commission was authorized to add annually mileage equal to 2. 5% of the original system. These highways were numbered from 1 into the 20s, by 1922 suffixed spurs had been added, in 1923, the first renumbering was implemented, in which State Routes 1 to 9 became 31 to 39. The spurs were renamed to use rather than letters. The United States Numbered Highways were designated in late 1926, in 1928, the state routes were renumbered again, all the spurs were instead numbered by district, using the district number as the first digit. State routes that were also U. S, Routes had signage removed, but continued to be referred to by the Department of Highways. In 1932, the Byrd Road Act promoted by former Governor Harry F. Byrd, Virginias incorporated towns were provided a local option to participate, and all the counties in Virginia were given the option of turning this responsibility over to the state. However, Virginias independent cities were excluded, typical of the Byrd Organization and its leaders rural priorities, only four counties of more than 90 initially opted not to join the system. Generally, when an area part of an independent city, through annexation, merger, consolidation, or conversions. Under that special arrangement, VDOT maintained secondary routes in Suffolk until July 1,2006, the DoT took over road maintenance from most counties in 1932, forming the state secondary system. These routes were assigned numbers from 600 up, so the routes were renumbered again in 1933. State routes with numbers that conflicted with U. S, Routes were renumbered, and the unsigned concurrencies were dropped. State Route 35 is largely the same as the original SR5, renumbered in 1923
History of state highways in Virginia
–
The system used from 1923 to 1928 involved two-digit routes (red) with three- and four-digit spurs (orange). District 1 (Bristol) is shown here.
26.
U.S. Route 11 in Virginia
–
U. S. Route 11 is a north–south United States highway that traverses through western Virginia, parallel to Interstate 81. Virginias portion of US11 begins at the intersection of east–west Euclid Avenue. At this intersection, a pair of divided U. S. Highways, US 11W and US 11E, US 11W and US 11E parallel each other through East Tennessee to Knoxville, where the divided routes merge to form mainline US11 again. The west leg of the intersection features southbound US 11W and northbound US421, Highways split at the Tennessee state line, US 11W heads southwest toward Kingsport, Tennessee while US421 soon joins US58 west toward Gate City, Virginia. The south leg of the intersection includes southbound US 11E, southbound US19, southbound US421, the north leg of the intersection is SR381, which is a state-numbered, street-level continuation of I-381, a spur south from I-81. US11 and US19 head east as a divided boulevard through a residential area. The street becomes undivided shortly before the U. S, Highways reach the northern end of SR113, which heads south toward Virginia Intermont College and downtown Bristol. US11 and US19 continue northeast on Lee Highway, which here, the highway meets I-81 and US58 at a diamond interchange with a rakish angle. US11 and US19 pass under Norfolk Southern Railways Pulaski District, the two highways continue northeast through Washington County, where they pass Virginia Highlands Airport before entering the town of Abingdon. At the west end of town, US11 and US19 intersect SR140, Highways and I-81 that also serves Virginia Highlands Community College. The U. S. highways continue east as Main Street, US11 becomes four lanes and then two at its intersection with US58 Alternate, which leads to the William King Museum, in downtown Abingdon. The alternate route runs along Main Street for a distance before turning south with SR75 to rejoin US58 at I-81. US11 passes the Barter Theatre, at the east end of town, US11 crosses over the rail line and meets I-81 at a partial cloverleaf interchange. US11 has a concurrency with US58 east of the interchange before US58 splits to the east as Jeb Stuart Highway. US11 meets the end of SR80 south of the communities of Meadowview and Emory. The U. S. Highway intersects SR91 south of Glade Spring before the highway closely parallels I-81, US11 has an interchange with I-81 where the highway crosses to the north side of the Interstate shortly before entering Smyth County. What is now US11 was added to the highway system in 1918 as portions of State Route 10. SR3 became State Route 33 in 1923, and US11 was applied to its present alignment in 1926, SR10 and SR33 vere dropped in 1933
U.S. Route 11 in Virginia
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U.S. Route 11
27.
Virginia State Route 13
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State Route 13 is a primary state highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. Known as Old Buckingham Road, the highway runs 24.08 miles from U. S. Route 60. SR13 parallels US60 to the south through eastern Cumberland County and western Powhatan County and passes through the latter countys seat of Powhatan. The state highway is the only state-numbered highway in Virginia that shares a number with a U. S. Highway, SR 13s number comes from being a segment of the original cross-state SR13 in 1918, that highway included portions of modern US60. In 1933, US60 was shifted to its present corridor between Buena Vista and Richmond, replacing SR13, two years later, SR13 was assigned to Old Buckingham Road when US60 was moved to its present alignment from Cumberland to east of Powhatan. SR13 begins at an intersection with James Anderson Highway, a divided highway that carries US60 and SR45. The state highway heads southeast as a road and crosses the Cumberland–Powhatan county line. SR13 continues through the communities of Tobaccoville, Ballsville, at the hamlet of Macon, the state highway veers north, then turns east at an intersection with SR1002. SR1002 heads north a distance to US 522s southern terminus at US60. SR13 briefly runs adjacent to US60, then veers away through the county seat of Powhatan, at the county courthouse, the state highway meets the southern end of SR300, which provides another connection to US60. SR13 passes through Worshams before reaching its terminus at US60 at Plain View. SR13 is the remnant of a longer route. It was part of the initial system defined in 1918, running from the West Virginia state line via Lexington, Lynchburg, Farmville, and Richmond to State Route 8 near Tappahannock. This corridor is now generally U. S. Route 60, U. S. Route 501, U. S. Route 460, State Route 45, U. S. Route 60, and U. S. Route 360. Disconnected extensions of SR322 were added in 1924 on both sides of Amherst and in 1925 in both directions from both segments. Further extensions of SR322 were planned in 1926, but, later that year, SR322 was renumbered as an extension of SR13, the road from Buena Vista west to State Route 14 at McCormicks Gate was added in 1924. This became part of the SR13 extension, but in 1928, SR14 was rerouted to pass through Buena Vista and use that piece of road, and thus SR13 was truncated to Buena Vista. In 1927 and 1928, the pieces of SR13 were added
Virginia State Route 13
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State Route 13
28.
U.S. Highway System
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The United States Numbered Highway System is an integrated network of roads and highways numbered within a nationwide grid in the contiguous United States. The route numbers and locations are coordinated by the American Association of State Highway, the only federal involvement in AASHTO is a nonvoting seat for the United States Department of Transportation. Generally, north-to-south highways are odd-numbered, with lowest numbers in the east, the area of the thirteen states of the United States. Similarly, east-to-west highways are typically even-numbered, with the lowest numbers in the north, where roads were first improved most intensively, major north–south routes have numbers ending in 1 while major east–west routes have numbers ending in 0. Three-digit numbered highways are spur routes of parent highways but are not necessarily connected to their parents, some divided routes exist to provide two alignments for one route, even though many splits have been eliminated. Special routes, usually posted with a banner, can provide various routes, such as an alternate, bypass or business route, Routes were designated, auto trails designated by auto trail associations were the main means of marking roads through the United States. In 1925, the Joint Board on Interstate Highways, recommended by the American Association of State Highway Officials, after several meetings, a final report was approved by the U. S. Department of Agriculture in November 1925. They received complaints from across the country about the assignment of routes, so the Board made several modifications, as a result of compromises made to get the U. S. Highway System approved, many routes were divided, with alignments to serve different towns. In subsequent years, AASHTO called for such splits in U. S, expansion of the system continued until 1956, when the Interstate Highway System was formed. After construction was completed, many U. S, Routes were replaced by Interstate Highways for through traffic. Highways still form many important regional connections, and new routes are still being added, Routes do not have a minimum design standard, unlike the later Interstate Highways, and are not usually built to freeway standards. Many are designated using the streets of the cities and towns through which they run. New additions to the system, however, must substantially meet the current AASHTO design standards, as of 1989, the United States Numbered Highways system has a total length of 157,724 miles. Except for toll bridges and tunnels, very few U. S. AASHTO policy says that a road may only be included as a special route. U. S. Route 3 meets this obligation, in New Hampshire, but US Routes in the system do use parts of four toll roads, US51 uses part of the Jane Addams Memorial Tollway in Illinois, the old road is Illinois Route 251. US278 uses the tolled Cross Island Parkway in South Carolina, US412 uses the Cimarron Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is US64. US412 also uses the Cherokee Turnpike in Oklahoma, the old road is Alternate US412, Routes follow a simple grid in the contiguous United States, in which odd-numbered routes run generally north to south and even-numbered routes run generally east to west
U.S. Highway System
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The "final" U.S. Highway plan as approved November 11, 1926
U.S. Highway System
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Design changes of U.S. Highway shield
U.S. Highway System
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This sign, photographed in 1941 on US 99 between
Seattle, Washington, and
Portland, Oregon, illustrates one rationale for a federal highway system: national defense.
29.
Interstate 95 in North Carolina
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Interstate 95 is a major Interstate Highway, running along the East Coast of the United States from Florida to Maine. In North Carolina, I-95 runs diagonally across the third of the state. From south to north, the passes through or near the cities of Lumberton, Fayetteville, Wilson, Rocky Mount. The entire route is rural, forming the border between the Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions of the state. S. 64 freeway, and I-795, a route connecting I-95 to the city of Goldsboro. Interstate 95 enters North Carolina at the South Carolina line, just north of the South of the Border attraction, traveling mostly northeast from the border, the road enters Lumberton where it interchanges with I-74. Frontage roads through Lumberton have extensive travel services, including restaurants, shops, leaving Lumberton, the route turns due north through a rural area of the state, past the small farming community of St. Pauls. I-95 serves as the bypass of Fayetteville where Interstate 95 Business. I-95 interchanges with I-40 in Benson, North Carolina, U. S.264 in Wilson, the last city it passes is Roanoke Rapids before leaving the state near the unincorporated community of Pleasant Hill at the Virginia border. For most of the route, I-95 is paralleled closely by U. S.301, the North Carolina Department of Transportation operate and maintain two welcome centers and six rest areas along I-95. Welcome centers, which have an information facility on site, are located at mile markers 5 and 181. Common at all locations are public restrooms, public telephones, vending machines, picnic area, the North Carolina Department of Public Safety operate and maintain four truck inspection/weigh stations along I-95. The Robeson County stations are located on north and southbound at mile marker 24, each has one fixed scale. The Halifax County stations are located on north and southbound at mile marker 151, each has two fixed scales. Interstate 95 in North Carolina feature numerous dedicated or memorialized bridges, interchanges and stretches of freeway, blue Star Memorial Highway, Official North Carolina honorary name of Interstate 95 throughout the state. Dick Fleming Freeway, Official North Carolina name of Interstate 95 from exit 95, in Smithfield, to exit 97, in Selma, hector MacLean Highway, Official North Carolina name of Interstate 95 within Lumberton city limits. Established in 1956, as part of the Federal Aid Highway Act of 1956, by 1961, two stretches of the interstate opened, from mile marker 56, in Fayetteville, to mile marker 107, near Kenly, the other a small bypass near Saint Pauls. In 1964, the Saint Pauls section extended south into Lumberton, while another small stretch opened from US158, in Roanoke Rapids
Interstate 95 in North Carolina
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I-95 Entering into NC from
VA
Interstate 95 in North Carolina
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Interstate 95
30.
Fayetteville, North Carolina
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Fayetteville is a city in Cumberland County, North Carolina, United States. It is the county seat of Cumberland County, and is best known as the home of Fort Bragg, Fayetteville has received the All-America City Award from the National Civic League three times. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 200,564 and it is the sixth-largest municipality in North Carolina. Fayetteville is in the Sandhills in the part of the Coastal Plain region, on the Cape Fear River. With an estimated population in 2013 of 210,533 people, the Fayetteville metropolitan area is the largest in southeastern North Carolina, suburban areas of metro Fayetteville include Fort Bragg, Hope Mills, Spring Lake, Raeford, Pope Field, Rockfish, Stedman, and Eastover. Fayettevilles mayor is Nat Robertson, who is serving his second term, the area of present-day Fayetteville was historically inhabited by various Siouan Native American peoples, such as the Eno, Shakori, Waccamaw, Keyauwee, and Cape Fear people. They followed successive cultures of indigenous peoples in the area for more than 12,000 years. Two inland settlements, Cross Creek and Campbellton, were established by Scots from Campbeltown, Argyll and Bute, merchants in Wilmington wanted a town on the Cape Fear River to secure trade with the frontier country. They were afraid people would use the Pee Dee River and transport their goods to Charleston, the merchants bought land from Newberry in Cross Creek. Campbellton became a place where poor whites and free blacks lived, Fayetteville was the first city to be named in his honor in the United States. Lafayette visited the city on March 4 and 5,1825, the local region was heavily settled by Scots in the mid/late 1700s, and most of these were Gaelic-speaking Highlanders. The vast majority of Highland Scots, recent immigrants, remained loyal to the British government, despite this, they were eventually defeated by a larger Revolutionary force at the Battle of Moores Creek Bridge. The area also included a number of active Revolutionaries, in late June 1775, residents drew up the Liberty Point Resolves, which preceded the Declaration of Independence by a little more than a year. Robert Rowan, who organized the group, signed first. Robert Rowan was one of the leading public figures of the 18th century. A merchant and entrepreneur, he settled in Cross Creek in the 1760s and he served as an officer in the French and Indian War, as sheriff, justice and legislator, and as a leader of the Patriot cause in the Revolutionary War. Rowan Street and Rowan Park in Fayetteville and a chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution are named for him, though Rowan County was named for his uncle. Flora MacDonald, a Scots Highland woman known for aiding Bonnie Prince Charlie after his Highlander armys defeat at Culloden in 1746 and she was a staunch Loyalist and aided her husband to raise the local Scots to fight for the King against the Revolution
Fayetteville, North Carolina
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Iron Mike statue in front of the Airborne & Special Operations Museum, Downtown Fayetteville
Fayetteville, North Carolina
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Center tile of floor of the Market House which served as a town market until 1906
Fayetteville, North Carolina
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Liberty Point in Fayetteville where the "Liberty Point Resolves" were signed in June 1775
Fayetteville, North Carolina
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The Cool Spring Tavern, built in 1788, is the oldest structure in Fayetteville. Most earlier structures were destroyed by the "great fire" of 1831.
31.
Philadelphia
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In 1682, William Penn, an English Quaker, founded the city to serve as capital of the Pennsylvania Colony. Philadelphia was one of the capitals in the Revolutionary War. In the 19th century, Philadelphia became an industrial center. It became a destination for African-Americans in the Great Migration. The areas many universities and colleges make Philadelphia a top international study destination, as the city has evolved into an educational, with a gross domestic product of $388 billion, Philadelphia ranks ninth among world cities and fourth in the nation. Philadelphia is the center of activity in Pennsylvania and is home to seven Fortune 1000 companies. The Philadelphia skyline is growing, with a market of almost 81,900 commercial properties in 2016 including several prominent skyscrapers. The city is known for its arts, culture, and rich history, Philadelphia has more outdoor sculptures and murals than any other American city. Fairmount Park, when combined with the adjacent Wissahickon Valley Park in the watershed, is one of the largest contiguous urban park areas in the United States. The 67 National Historic Landmarks in the city helped account for the $10 billion generated by tourism, Philadelphia is the only World Heritage City in the United States. Before Europeans arrived, the Philadelphia area was home to the Lenape Indians in the village of Shackamaxon, the Lenape are a Native American tribe and First Nations band government. They are also called Delaware Indians and their territory was along the Delaware River watershed, western Long Island. Most Lenape were pushed out of their Delaware homeland during the 18th century by expanding European colonies, Lenape communities were weakened by newly introduced diseases, mainly smallpox, and violent conflict with Europeans. Iroquois people occasionally fought the Lenape, surviving Lenape moved west into the upper Ohio River basin. The American Revolutionary War and United States independence pushed them further west, in the 1860s, the United States government sent most Lenape remaining in the eastern United States to the Indian Territory under the Indian removal policy. In the 21st century, most Lenape now reside in the US state of Oklahoma, with communities living also in Wisconsin, Ontario. The Dutch considered the entire Delaware River valley to be part of their New Netherland colony, in 1638, Swedish settlers led by renegade Dutch established the colony of New Sweden at Fort Christina and quickly spread out in the valley. In 1644, New Sweden supported the Susquehannocks in their defeat of the English colony of Maryland
Philadelphia
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From top left, the Philadelphia skyline, a
statue of Benjamin Franklin, the
Liberty Bell, the
Philadelphia Museum of Art,
Philadelphia City Hall, and
Independence Hall
Philadelphia
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An 18th century map of Philadelphia.
Philadelphia
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Penn's Treaty with the Indians by
Benjamin West
Philadelphia
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Benjamin Franklin, 1777
32.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
Pennsylvania
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World's End State Park, Sullivan County
Pennsylvania
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Flag
Pennsylvania
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Autumn in North Branch Township,
Wyoming County, Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania
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Penn's Treaty with the Indians, by
Edward Hicks
33.
Morrisville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
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Morrisville is a borough in Bucks County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is located just below the falls of the Delaware River opposite Trenton, the population was 8,728 at the 2010 census. The earliest known settlement in what is now Morrisville, was a trading post of the Dutch West India Company operating from 1624 to 1627 on an island in the Delaware River, later, one of the first ferries to cross the Delaware was established at the site. By the late 18th century, a settlement was forming at the ferry crossing then known as Colvins Ferry, the settlement incorporated into a borough in 1804, taking the name of Morrisville. In that same year, the first bridge built across the Delaware connected Morrisville to Trenton, the Gershom Craft House, Summerseat, and Trenton City/Calhoun Street Bridge are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Summerseat is also designated a National Historic Landmark, Morrisville is also home to Graystones, the historic site marking William Penns first Pennsylvania land purchase from the Lenni Lenape Indians. Morrisville is located at 40°12′27″N 74°46′48″W and it is part of a geographical salient that is mostly surrounded by New Jersey. Its name is the city name in the 19067 ZIP code, which covers an area that includes Yardley, Lower Makefield, Morrisville. According to the United States Census Bureau, the borough has an area of 2.0 square miles. U. S.1 traverses Morrisville and crosses into New Jersey via the Trenton-Morrisville Toll Bridge, there are several parks within Morrisvilles borders, and the Delaware Canal State Park runs near the eastern border of both the town and Pennsylvania. Located between the Calhoun Street Bridge and the Lower Trenton Bridge is Williamson Park, home to Morrisville Little League, adjacent to Graystones is Graystones woods, a tract of woodland that extends from the Delaware Canal to Crown Street in the towns far north. 16. 4% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. As of the 2010 census, the borough was 70. 6% Non-Hispanic White,15. 4% Black or African American,0. 3% Native American,2. 0% Asian,10. 2% of the population were of Hispanic or Latino ancestry. 13. 5% of the population were foreign-born, as of the census of 2000, there were 10,023 people,4,154 households, and 2,612 families residing in the borough. The population density was 5,659.0 people per square mile, there were 4,313 housing units at an average density of 2,435. 1/sq mi. The racial makeup of the borough was 75. 98% White,19. 14% African American,0. 18% Native American,1. 20% Asian,2. 08% from other races, Hispanic or Latino of any race were 4. 82% of the population. 30. 0% of all households were made up of individuals, the average household size was 2.41 and the average family size was 3.01. In the borough the population was out, with 24. 7% under the age of 18,7. 9% from 18 to 24,34. 3% from 25 to 44,21. 1% from 45 to 64
Morrisville, Bucks County, Pennsylvania
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Summerseat, home of
Robert Morris
34.
U.S. state
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A U. S. state is a constituent political entity of the United States of America. There are 50 states, which are together in a union with each other. Each state holds administrative jurisdiction over a geographic territory. Due to the shared sovereignty between each state and the government, Americans are citizens of both the federal republic and of the state in which they reside. State citizenship and residency are flexible, and no government approval is required to move between states, except for persons covered by certain types of court orders. States range in population from just under 600,000 to over 39 million, four states use the term commonwealth rather than state in their full official names. States are divided into counties or county-equivalents, which may be assigned some local authority but are not sovereign. County or county-equivalent structure varies widely by state, State governments are allocated power by the people through their individual constitutions. All are grounded in principles, and each provides for a government. States possess a number of powers and rights under the United States Constitution, Constitution has been amended, and the interpretation and application of its provisions have changed. The general tendency has been toward centralization and incorporation, with the government playing a much larger role than it once did. There is a debate over states rights, which concerns the extent and nature of the states powers and sovereignty in relation to the federal government. States and their residents are represented in the federal Congress, a legislature consisting of the Senate. Each state is represented in the Senate by two senators, and is guaranteed at least one Representative in the House, members of the House are elected from single-member districts. Representatives are distributed among the states in proportion to the most recent constitutionally mandated decennial census, the Constitution grants to Congress the authority to admit new states into the Union. Since the establishment of the United States in 1776, the number of states has expanded from the original 13 to 50, alaska and Hawaii are the most recent states admitted, both in 1959. The Constitution is silent on the question of states have the power to secede from the Union. Shortly after the Civil War, the U. S. Supreme Court, in Texas v. White, as a result, while the governments of the various states share many similar features, they often vary greatly with regard to form and substance
U.S. state
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U.S. states
35.
Hampton Roads
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Hampton Roads is the name of both a body of water in Virginia and the surrounding metropolitan region in Southeastern Virginia and Northeastern North Carolina, United States. The body of known as Hampton Roads is one of the worlds largest natural harbors. It incorporates the mouths of the Elizabeth River, Nansemond River, the land area includes a collection of cities, counties and towns on the Virginia Peninsula and in South Hampton Roads. Some of the areas further from the harbor may or may not be included as part of Hampton Roads. The Combined Statistical Area includes four counties in North Carolina, pushing the regional population to over 1.8 million residents. The area is steeped in 400 years of American history, with hundreds of historical sites, the harbor was the key to Hampton Roads growth, both on land and in water-related activities and events. While the harbor and its tributaries were important transportation conduits, at the time they presented obstacles to land-based commerce. Creating and maintaining adequate infrastructure has long been a major challenge, the term Hampton Roads is a centuries-old designation that originated when the region was a struggling English outpost nearly four hundred years ago. The origin of the two words is noteworthy, the word Hampton honors one of the founders of the Virginia Company of London and a great supporter of the colonization of Virginia, Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton. The early administrative center of the new colony was known as Elizabeth Cittie, named for Princess Elizabeth, the daughter of King James I, the town at the center of Elizabeth Cittie became known as Hampton, and a nearby waterway was designated Hampton Creek. Other references to the Earl include the area to the north across the bay became known as Northampton. As with Hampton, both of these remain in use today. The term Roads indicates the safety of a port, as applied to a body of water, examples of other roadsteads are Castle Roads, in another of the Virginia Companys settlements, Bermuda, and Lahaina Roads, in Hawaii. In 1755, the Virginia General Assembly recorded the name Hampton Roads as the channel linking the James, Elizabeth, and Nansemond rivers with the Chesapeake Bay. Hampton Roads has become known as the worlds largest natural harbor, the U. S. Postal Service changed the areas postmark from Tidewater Virginia to Hampton Roads, Virginia beginning in 1983. While the borders of what locals call Hampton Roads may not perfectly align with the definition of the MSA, Virginia Beach–Norfolk–Newport News, VA–NC MSA is a U. S. According to the 2010 Census, its population is 1,676,822, since a state constitutional change in 1871, all cities in Virginia are independent cities and they are not legally located in a county. The OMB considers these independent cities to be county-equivalents for the purpose of defining MSAs in Virginia, each MSA is listed by its counties, then cities, in alphabetical order and not by size
Hampton Roads
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Hampton Roads Also known as Tidewater, Virginia
Hampton Roads
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The harbor area of Hampton Roads, from official state map of pre-civil war Virginia circa 1858. image from the Library of Virginia
Hampton Roads
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Battle of Hampton Roads
Hampton Roads
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View of the Elizabeth River with Downtown Norfolk at top right. The carrier in the foreground is
USS Harry S. Truman (CVN-75).
36.
Eastern Shore of Virginia
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The Eastern Shore of Virginia consists of two counties on the Atlantic coast of the Commonwealth of Virginia in the United States. The 70-mile-long region is part of the Delmarva Peninsula and is separated from the rest of Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay and its population was 45,553 as of 2010. The terrain is very flat, ranging from sea level to just 50 feet above sea level. The rural area has been devoted to cotton, soybean, vegetable and truck farming, since the late 20th century, vineyards have been developed in both counties, and the Eastern Shore has received recognition as an American Viticultural Area. It is characterized by sandy and deep soil, the weather in the area has temperate summers and winters, significantly affected by the Chesapeake Bay and the Atlantic Ocean. At the northern end of the Atlantic side is the community of Chincoteague, famous for its annual wild pony roundup. Wallops Flight Facility, a NASA space launch base, is located near Chincoteague, tangier Island, off the western shore in the Chesapeake Bay, is another day-tourist destination. The Eastern Shore, geographically removed from the rest of Virginia, has had a history of settlement and development influenced by agriculture, fishing, tourism. William G. Thomas describes the Eastern Shore during the late 19th and early 20th century as a highly complex and interdependent landscape. The 23-mile-long Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, which is part of U. S. Route 13, spans the mouth of the Bay and connects the Eastern Shore to South Hampton Roads and the rest of Virginia. Before the Bridge-Tunnel was built in 1964, a provided the continuation of U. S.13 across this stretch of water. Accomac Shire was established in the Virginia Colony by the House of Burgesses in 1634 under the direction of King Charles I and it was one of the original eight shires of Virginia, and consisted of the whole Eastern Shore. The shires name comes from the Native American word Accawmack, in 1642, the name was changed to Northampton County by the English. In 1663, Northampton County was split into two counties, the northern two thirds took the original Accomac name, while the southern third remained as Northampton. In 1670, the Virginia Colonys Royal Governor William Berkeley abolished Accomac County, in 1940, the General Assembly officially added a k to the end of the countys name to arrive at its current spelling, which is Accomack County. Thomas The Countryside Transformed, The Eastern Shore of Virginia, the Pennsylvania Railroad, and the Creation of a Modern Landscape Southern Spaces,31 July 2007
Eastern Shore of Virginia
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Bloxom depot,
Cape Charles, Virginia
37.
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
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The Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel is a 23-mile fixed link crossing at the mouth of Chesapeake Bay in the U. S. state of Virginia. It connects Northampton County on the Delmarva Peninsula with Virginia Beach and it replaced vehicle ferry services that operated from South Hampton Roads and from the Virginia Peninsula from the 1930s. Financed by toll revenue bonds, the bridge–tunnel was opened on April 15,1964, since it opened, the Chesapeake Bay Bridge–Tunnel has been crossed by more than 100 million vehicles. The $15 toll is partially offset by some savings of tolls in Maryland, from 1995 to 1999, at a cost of almost $200 million, the capacity of the above-water portion was increased to four lanes. An upgrade of the tunnels was proposed but has not been carried out. Costs are recovered through toll collections, in December 1606, the Virginia Company of London sent an expedition to North America to establish a settlement in the Colony of Virginia. After sailing across the Atlantic Ocean from England, they reached the New World at the edge of the mouth of what is now known as the Chesapeake Bay. A few weeks later they established their first permanent settlement on the southern, mainland, side of the bay, across the bay, the area north of Cape Charles was located along what became known later as the Delmarva Peninsula. As it bordered the Atlantic Ocean to its east, the became known as Virginias Eastern Shore. As the entire colony grew, the bay was a transportation obstacle for exchanges with the Virginia mainland. One of the eight original shires of Virginia was established there in 1634, however, in comparison to mainland regions, commerce and growth was limited by the need to cross the bay. Consequently, little industrial base there, and most residents made their living by farming and working as watermen. For the first 35 years, ships and ferry systems provided the primary transportation and this system, a portion of U. S. Route 13, was known as the Little Creek-Cape Charles Ferry. In 1951, the Northern terminus was relocated to a location now within Kiptopeke State Park, despite an expanded fleet of large and modern ships eventually capable of as many as 90 one-way trips each day, the lengthy crossing suffered delays due to heavy traffic and inclement weather. In 1954, the Virginia General Assembly created a subdivision, the Chesapeake Bay Ferry District and its governing body. The Commission was authorized to acquire the ferry corporation through bond financing. In 1956, the General Assembly authorized the Ferry Commission to conduct feasibility studies for the construction of a fixed crossing, the conclusion of the study indicated that a vehicular crossing was feasible. Consideration was given to service between the Eastern Shore and both the Peninsula and South Hampton Roads, eventually, the shortest route, extending between the Eastern Shore and a point in Princess Anne County at Chesapeake Beach, was selected
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
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Coming down from the high-level portion near the north end.
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
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Aerial view of the
Virginia Beach entrance to the bridge
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
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Cargo ships line up to cross the bridge–tunnel complex at night
Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel
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One of the artificial islands making up part of the bridge–tunnel complex, seen from the air
38.
Whaleyville, Virginia
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Whaleyville, Virginia is an unincorporated community in Suffolk, Virginia. It was formerly a town located in southern Nansemond County. Whaleyville is located midway between the county seat at downtown Suffolk and the North Carolina border along U. S. Route 13. Whaleyville is part of the popularly known as Hampton Roads. There, Seth Mitchell Whaley was born and grew up and he was active in the lumber mill business in Maryland. In 1877, Seth M. Whaley bought a farm in the portion of Nansemond County, Virginia. He worked in cooperation with Jackson Brothers Lumber Company, which was established in the new village of Whaleyville, soon what became called the Big Mill was operating 24 hours a day. Between 1885 and 1902, the Suffolk and Carolina Railway, a narrow gauge railroad was built from Suffolk through Whaleyville south to Edenton, a branch line extended from Beckford Junction to Elizabeth City, North Carolina. Renamed the Virginia and Carolina Coast Railroad in 1906, it part of the regional Norfolk and Southern Railway. Ports on the railroad at Suffolk at Nansemond Wharf on the Nansemond River and Elizabeth City on the Pasquotank River each offered Whaleyville a means to ship its lumber, at the new mill town of Whaleyville, new stores were built. In 1907, the Bank of Whaleyville opened, a high school was added in 1915. The Lumber Mill at Whaleyville closed in 1919, and moved to Fayetteville, many residents also made the move. Lumber continued to be harvested locally, but the area became dependent upon agricultural activities. However, despite losings it biggest employers, the community preserved, according to a local source, In 1928. Whaleyville had 500-600 residents, a gin, peanut storage warehouses. During the Great Depression, the Norfolk and Southern Railway abandoned its line through Whaleyville, in 1967, the Atlantic Coast Line Railroad merged with the Seaboard Air Line Railroad, forming the Seaboard Coast Line Railroad. Among many parallel tracks considered redundant by the new SCL, the ACL trackage near Whaleyville was also abandoned, the predecessor agency of the Virginia Department of Transportation was created in 1906. In 1932, the roads in Nansemond County were added to the state system under the Byrd Road Act
Whaleyville, Virginia
39.
Virginia State Route 32
–
State Route 32 is a primary state highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 38.89 miles from the North Carolina state line in Suffolk north to U. S. Route 17, US258, the southernmost part of SR32 connects Suffolk with the Albemarle Region of North Carolina via North Carolina Highway 32. The remainder of SR32 runs concurrently with at least one state or U. S. Highway between Suffolk and Newport News, including US13, SR10, US258. The last two highways run together with SR32 on the James River Bridge, SR32 begins at the North Carolina state line in a rural portion of the city of Suffolk. SR32 heads north as two-lane Carolina Road, which the highway follows to its intersection with US13 next to Suffolk Municipal Airport. SR32 and US13 continue north along Carolina Road, now a divided highway. US13 exits onto the bypass toward a junction with US58 while US13 Business joins SR32 as Carolina Road reduces to a road with center turn lane. The two highways reduce to an undivided highway as they intersect a rail line south of downtown Suffolk. SR32 and US13 Business cross over Norfolk Southern Railways Norfolk District at the edge of downtown Suffolk. At their intersection with SR337, SR10 begins and joins SR32, the highways intersect another rail line before reaching US58 Business, where US13 Business turns east and US460 Business joins SR32 and SR10. The three highways cross the Nansemond River and pass through an area as a five-lane road with center turn lane. In the community of Elephant Fork, US460 Business splits northwest as Pruden Boulevard while SR32, SR32 and SR10 pass Sentara Obici Memorial Hospital and through a commercial area before entering farmland. The two highways reduce to two lanes just before crossing the Western Branch of the Nansemond River, the two state highways diverge at Benns Church, where SR32 joins US258 on Brewers Neck Boulevard. The two highways head east through Carrollton to an intersection with US17, SR32, US17, and US258 head northeast to cross the James River on the James River Bridge. Just after entering the city of Newport News, the three highways meet US60 at a cloverleaf interchange. Just east of there, the cross over CSXs Peninsula Subdivision. US17 turns north onto Jefferson Avenue toward Yorktown while US258 continues east on Mercury Boulevard toward Hampton
Virginia State Route 32
–
State Route 32
40.
U.S. Route 13 Business (Suffolk, Virginia)
–
U. S. Route 13 runs along the Atlantic coastline for over 500 miles, passing through five states. Along its route, it possessed numerous special routes, which are all loops off the mainline US13. At present, there are at least fourteen special routes in existence, seven others have existed in the past, but have been deleted. U. S. Route 13 Business is a route of U. S. Route 13. It is entirely overlapped with North Carolina Highway 11 Business, the route branches from US13 just south of the town and follows South Main Street through the town, intersecting US64 Alternate within. It rejoins US13 just south of its interchange with US64, U. S. Route 13 Business is a business route of U. S. Route 13 serving Windsor, North Carolina. It begins by following US17 off the concurrency with US13 south of the town and it then turns onto West Granville Street, where it follows NC308, and then north on North King Street, leaving behind NC308. US13 Business continues north along King Street until it rejoins US13 north of the town, the entire route is in Windsor, Bertie County. U. S. Route 13 Business is a route of U. S. Route 13 serving the City of Suffolk in the U. S. state of Virginia. It consists of the routing of the highway before mainline US13 was rerouted onto a freeway bypass to the west. As it travels deeper into the city, it intersects Washington Street, which carries Virginia State Route 337, the three routes follow Main Street north until it meets the business routes of U. S. Route 58 and U. S. Route 460. Here, US13 Business joins the two routes and heads east on Constance Road. The name changes to Portsmouth Boulevard and US13 Bus. /US58 Bus. /US460 Bus. cross VA337, the three-route overlap of business routes rejoin their mainline route, US 13/58/460, at a directional interchange and resumes toward Norfolk. Major intersections The entire route is in Suffolk, U. S. Route 13 Business is a business route of U. S. Route 13 serving Cheriton in the U. S. state of Virginia. The route begins at an intersection with mainline US13 and Virginia State Route 184, the route follows Bayside Road for its entire length, providing access to Oyster via Sunnyside Road. Major intersections The entire route is in Northampton County, U. S. Route 13 Business is a business route of U. S. Route 13 serving Eastville in the U. S. state of Virginia. It is a road which follows Courthouse Road for its entire length. It begins in Stumptown, where it leaves US13 at an intersection to the west, passes through Eastville, the route provides access to Old Town Neck Drive, which leads to the Chesapeake Bay
U.S. Route 13 Business (Suffolk, Virginia)
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US 13 Alt. southbound across Silver Lake
41.
Ghost ramps
–
An unused highway is a highway or highway ramp that was partially or fully constructed, but went unused or was later closed. An unused roadway or ramp may often be referred to as a ghost road, stub ramp, ghost ramp, ski jump, stub street, stub-out, or simply stub. Some examples of reasons for unused highways include, An older portion of Interstate 5 was left unused after the road bypassed the old curvy section, an older portion of roadway being left unused by a highway realignment. The abandoned Pennsylvania Turnpike is one instance of this, where two tunnels and four-lane approaches were bypassed with four-lane cuts. The old tunnels and approach roadways in this case are being rehabilitated for a multi-use trail, in many roads in the Alps, some dangerous sections were replaced by tunnels and the abandoned parts are usually closed to traffic and used as hiking trails. A road which existed to serve a bridge becomes a dead-end once the bridge is demolished or left to deteriorate to the point where it can no longer be safely used. This is common on some older alignments of U. S. Route 66 which were bypassed, a road becomes a dead end once a level railway crossing is closed and replaced by an overpass/underpass some distance away from the former level crossing. A highway being closed and demolished, where stubs remain on intersecting roads, examples include ramps from the Embarcadero Freeway that remained on the Bay Bridge approach in San Francisco after the demolition of the Embarcadero Freeway proper. The remaining ramps were demolished in 2010-11 during demolition of the old Transbay Terminal to make way for the new Transbay Transit Center, Highway construction begins but is cancelled, possibly because of a freeway revolt. Examples include the Pennsylvania Route 23 Goat Path east of Lancaster, the project was cancelled before paving could commence, so the roadbeds were planted over with grass. In London, the M11 motorway has two short unused slips at Junction 4 which would have been a link for the M12 motorway to head east into Essex, the R. H. Thomson Expressway in Seattle was never built, leaving stub ramps. Likewise, there are unused ramps for the never-built Inner Belt and Southwest Corridor in Boston, there is a similar situation on the A4 motorway near Delft, Netherlands, where works started in the 1960s but were stopped. In Italy, the A31 motorway ends in the middle of nowhere, the 5-km-long Guinza tunnel, part of the planned European route E78 Grosseto-Fano expressway, was completed in 1991, and never opened to traffic. Stubs are built to connect to a highway that is not yet constructed and these stubs are very common in the state of North Carolina, where they will eventually connect to new stretches of I-73, I-74, and I-840, among others, along the Greensboro Urban Loop. A part of the highway can become unused due to changes in national borders, some stretches of the Berlin–Königsberg autobahn are unused after the partition of East Prussia because the highway lacks a border crossing between Poland and Russia. Some small roads between different European countries didnt have border crossing facilities and were closed to traffic until those countries joined the Schengen Agreement, the highway is used for a purpose different from what was originally intended. Both of these stubs are used for park-and-ride facilities, part of the A2 in Kent was realigned in 2009, leaving a substantial part of the original road intact. Part of the road has made into a public park
Ghost ramps
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A now unused ramp in
Portland, Oregon at the western terminus of
I-84 on the east bank of the
Willamette River formerly a connection to US99W/Steel Bridge
Ghost ramps
–
An unused section of divided highway approaching
Interstate 189 in
Burlington, Vermont, (looking southward from: 44°26′56.69″N 73°13′3.48″W / 44.4490806°N 73.2176333°W / 44.4490806; -73.2176333); some lanes are now blocked by discarded electronics.
Ghost ramps
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The 1956 span of the
Gandy Bridge between
Tampa and
St. Petersburg was closed to traffic in 1997. It was renovated for pedestrian and bicycle use, but closed "indefinitely" in 2008 when it was deemed structurally unsafe. It remains in place, as of March 2013, as government officials decide whether to demolish the entire bridge or demolish the center span and retrofit the remaining stubs for use as fishing piers.
42.
Interstate 664 in Virginia
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Interstate 664 is an intrastate auxiliary Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. The Interstate runs 20.79 miles from I-64 and I-264 in Chesapeake north to I-64 in Hampton, I-664 forms the west side of the Hampton Roads Beltway, a circumferential highway serving the Hampton Roads metropolitan area. The Interstate crosses Hampton Roads via the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel between Suffolk and Newport News, I-664 is connected to the other major cities of the metropolitan area—Portsmouth, Norfolk, and Virginia Beach—by I-264. The Interstate also has a connection to Portsmouth through Virginia State Route 164 and to Suffolk via U. S. Route 13, US58, and US460. I-664 begins at a full Y interchange with I-64 and I-264 that serves as the terminus of all three Interstates in the Bowers Hill section of the city of Chesapeake. I-64 heads southeast as a continuation of the Hampton Roads Beltway through Chesapeake while I-264 heads east toward Portsmouth, I-664 heads west as an eight-lane freeway that has a southbound-only exit ramp to US13 and US460 and crosses over Military Highway and a Norfolk Southern Railway rail line. The Interstate has a interchange with Military Highway, which here carries US58 in addition to US13. The interchange also provides access to US460 Alternate, which follows US58 east into Portsmouth, I-664 curves north as a four-lane freeway that crosses Goose Creek and has a diamond interchange with SR663 and a cloverleaf interchange with SR337. Just south of its cloverleaf interchange with SR659, I-664 crosses a rail line. The rail spur leaves the median and heads northeast toward Portsmouth just south of its interchange with SR164, SR164 heads east toward downtown Portsmouth while US17 heads northwest to the James River Bridge. North of SR135, northbound I-664 has an inspection station. The bridge-tunnel passes to the west of Craney Island, an island in the city of Portsmouth that lies to the west of the mouth of the Elizabeth River. West of the highway is the confluence of the James River and Nansemond River to form Hampton Roads, the Interstate resurfaces on another artificial island at Newport News Point east of the coal piers in the city of Newport News. I-664 has a vehicle inspection station adjacent to its first interchange in Newport News. The Interstate parallels the end of CSXs Peninsula Subdivision as it passes through interchanges with several streets to the east of downtown Newport News. The southern interchange has ramps to and from 25th, 26th, and 27th streets, the northern interchange has ramps to and from 35th Street and Jefferson Avenue, Jefferson Avenue is SR143, which is also unmarked from the Interstate. I-664 curves east as a six-lane freeway away from the railroad and has a crossing of SR351 prior to half-diamond interchanges with Roanoke Avenue. The Interstate enters the city of Hampton and has interchanges with Aberdeen Road
Interstate 664 in Virginia
–
Interstate 664
43.
Hampton Roads Beltway
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The Hampton Roads Beltway crosses the harbor of Hampton Roads at two locations on large four-laned bridge-tunnel facilities. The Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel carries Interstate 64 and the Monitor-Merrimac Memorial Bridge-Tunnel carries Interstate 664, the entire beltway, including the bridge-tunnels, is owned and operated by the Virginia Department of Transportation. Some proposals envisioned state and local and/or toll funding if necessary to achieve that goal, indeed, the first two-laned portion of the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel was built with toll revenue bond funding in 1957 prior to the creation of I-64. It carried U. S. Route 60 and State Route 168 designations and it was a number of years before the newer I-664 portion was built. This completed the loop in 1992, in January,1997, a 56-mile -long I-64/I-664 loop was designated by the Virginia Department of Transportation as the Hampton Roads Beltway. The beltway has the clockwise direction signed as the Inner Loop, essentially, I-64 forms the eastern portion and I-664 the western portion of the beltway. There are indications that a highway crossing of Hampton Roads might be essential to avoid traffic gridlock in the near future. Already, miles-long backups are common on the approaches to the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, HRTA was created in July,2007, with powers to raise revenue through a variety of specific local taxes and user fees, such as tolls. This Transportation Authority met strong resistance from voters and many in the General Assembly, with that ruling, the Transportation Authorities were deemed moot and powerless, and legislation was passed in 2008 to de-establish them. They never imposed any taxes or collected any money for transportation, I-664 begins at a full Y interchange with I-64 and I-264 that serves as the terminus of all three Interstates in the Bowers Hill section of the city of Chesapeake. I-64 heads southeast as a continuation of the Hampton Roads Beltway through Chesapeake while I-264 heads east toward Portsmouth, I-664 heads west as an eight-lane freeway that has a southbound-only exit ramp to US13 and US460 and crosses over Military Highway and a Norfolk Southern Railway rail line. The Interstate has a interchange with Military Highway, which here carries US58 in addition to US13. The interchange also provides access to US460 Alternate, which follows US58 east into Portsmouth, I-664 curves north as a four-lane freeway that crosses Goose Creek and has a diamond interchange with SR663 and a cloverleaf interchange with SR337. Just south of its cloverleaf interchange with SR659, I-664 crosses a rail line. The rail spur leaves the median and heads northeast toward Portsmouth just south of its interchange with SR164, SR164 heads east toward downtown Portsmouth while US17 heads northwest to the James River Bridge. North of SR135, northbound I-664 has an inspection station. The bridge-tunnel passes to the west of Craney Island, an island in the city of Portsmouth that lies to the west of the mouth of the Elizabeth River. West of the highway is the confluence of the James River and Nansemond River to form Hampton Roads, the Interstate resurfaces on another artificial island at Newport News Point east of the coal piers in the city of Newport News
Hampton Roads Beltway
–
I-64 on the Hampton Roads Beltway, north of I-264
Hampton Roads Beltway
44.
Interstate 64 in Virginia
–
In the U. S. state of Virginia, Interstate 64 runs east–west through the middle of the state from West Virginia to the Hampton Roads region, a total of 298 miles. It is notable for crossing the mouth of the harbor of Hampton Roads on the Hampton Roads Bridge-Tunnel, I-64 enters Virginia as a four-lane divided highway, continuing its concurrency with U. S.60 through Covington into Lexington where the two routes split. From Lexington, I-64 then turns northward to Staunton overlapping Interstate 81 in the Shenandoah Valley. S, after Charlottesville, I-64 then turns more east-southeasterly and heads towards Richmond, passing through Fluvanna, Goochland and Louisa Counties. Hurricane gates are installed at eastbound Interstate 64 entrance and exit ramps from Exit 200 to Exit 273, to date, there has never been an activation of the contraflow system in any capacity. Once on the Southside, I-64 turns south through Norfolk, passing the eastern boundary of Naval Station Norfolk and Chambers Field, and the spur route supplying it, Interstate 564. It then becomes a six lane divided highway with a two lane roadway in the middle, which is used for HOV-traffic during morning and afternoon rush hours. After entering Chesapeake, I-64 actually turns west-southwesterly and it is actually at this point when the road stops being signed as either east or west and is only signed with its Beltway designation of Inner or Outer Loop. After interchanging with another of its routes, Interstate 464, I-64 then crosses the Southern Branch of the Elizabeth River using the High Rise Bridge. Early studies and proposals of the Interregional Highway System, I-64 was to use the U. S. Route 250 alignment west of Richmond and this southern route was favored by Gov. J. Lindsay Almond Jr. and most members of the State Highway Commission. The decision was on hold for three years while the state continued planning for the piece of the US250 alignment from Richmond to Short Pump, which would be needed anyway to handle traffic. In 1961, U. S. Secretary of Commerce Luther Hodges rejected that plan and chose the present route, officially, the chosen route was considered more efficient. However, there is speculation that the decision involved back-room politics of the Kennedy administration, Interstate 64 has four auxiliary routes, all of which are in the Hampton Roads Area, Interstate 664, a bypass route serving Chesapeake, Suffolk, Newport News and Hampton. Interstate 564, a route serving Naval Station Norfolk. Interstate 264, a route serving the Virginia Beach Oceanfront, Downtown Norfolk. Interstate 464, a route serving the western side of Chesapeake, Portsmouth. It connects I-64 in Chesapeake to I-264 in Norfolk, two segments on I-64 have been identified as candidates for widening, I-64 on the Virginia Peninsula from New Kent County to Newport News and I-64 in South Hampton Roads from the I-464/SR 168/U. S. 17 interchange in Chesapeake to the Bowers Hill Interchange in Suffolk, on the Peninsula, most of the I-64 corridor is a four lane roadway and is one of the most-traveled segments in the region, connecting the Hampton Roads Metro to the Greater Richmond region. The approved plan selected by VDOT and partners included the plan that added a general purpose lane in each direction by either expanding into the median or on the outside shoulder
Interstate 64 in Virginia
–
Map from a 1958 study, showing the two routes between Clifton Forge and Richmond
Interstate 64 in Virginia
–
Interstate 64
Interstate 64 in Virginia
–
I-64 on the
Hampton Roads Beltway, north of
I-264
Interstate 64 in Virginia
–
Interstate 64 in
Alleghany County. Note the narrow median.
45.
Virginia State Route 166
–
State Route 166 is a primary state highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. The state highway runs 15.47 miles from U. S. Route 17 in Chesapeake north to US60 in Virginia Beach. SR166 begins at an intersection with US17 just north of the Dominion Boulevard Steel Bridge over the Southern Branch Elizabeth River in the independent city of Chesapeake, the state highway heads north as Bainbridge Boulevard, a two-lane road that parallels the river through an industrial area. SR166 passes under Interstate 64 with no access, meets the end of SR190. The state highway has a cloverleaf interchange with US13 and US460, within the interchange, SR166 descends to pass under Military Highway. SR166 heads north concurrent with US460, the highways pass under I-464 and cross Milldam Creek, and continues north as a four-lane undivided highway into the South Norfolk area of Chesapeake. SR166 and US460 pass under another Norfolk Southern rail line and meet SR337 at the junction of Bainbridge Boulevard and Poindexter Street. At SR246, the two highways turn west for one block before continuing northeast on four-lane 22nd Street, which crosses over the Norfolk District rail line, SR166 and US460 veer onto two-lane Wilson Road at Berkley Street, where the road enters the city of Norfolk. SR166, US460, and SR168 head north as a divided highway across the Eastern Branch Elizabeth River on the Campostella Bridge. The boulevards name changes from Campostella Road to Brambleton Avenue at its cloverleaf interchange with I-264. There is no access from eastbound I-264 to northbound SR166 or to westbound I-264 from either direction of SR166, SR166 follows Princess Anne Road to its eastern end at Military Highway, which is US13 heading south and SR165 heading north. The three highways continue east on six-lane Northampton Boulevard, at the next intersection, SR165 splits south onto Kempsville Road. SR166 and US13 continue east across Lake Wright and meet I-64 at a cloverleaf interchange. SR166 and US13 enter the city of Virginia Beach at Wesleyan Drive, SR166 diverges from US13, which continues to the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel, onto Diamond Springs Road. The state highway follows that four-lane divided highway north between an area and a residential area to its northern terminus at US60 adjacent to Naval Amphibious Base Little Creek
Virginia State Route 166
46.
Interstate 464 in Virginia
–
Interstate 464 is an Interstate Highway in the U. S. state of Virginia. The highway runs 5.67 miles from U. S. Route 17, I-464 connects two major highway junctions in the South Hampton Roads region. At its southern end, the Interstate meets two major highways that head toward North Carolina, US17 and SR168, and I-64, at its northern terminus, I-464 has connections with Downtown Norfolk and Portsmouth via I-264. I-464 begins in the city of Chesapeake at the end of the directional interchange between US17 and SR168. US17 heads south toward the Inner Banks community of Elizabeth City, SR168 heads south toward the Outer Banks, including Nags Head and Manteo. Just north of I-464s terminus is a interchange with I-64. US17 and SR168 join I-64 for their own short concurrencies, with US17 heading west toward Suffolk, I-464 heads north as a six-lane freeway that meets US13 at a diamond interchange and crosses over Norfolk Southern Railways Norfolk District. The ramp from northbound I-464 to westbound I-264, which passes through a trench, also access to State Street. Eastbound I-264 crosses the Eastern Branch Elizabeth River on the Berkley Bridge into downtown Norfolk, westbound I-264 passes under the Southern Branch via the Downtown Tunnel into the city of Portsmouth. Interstate 464 opened between Interstate 64 and U. S.13 in May 1967, work along I-264 doubled capacity at the adjacent Downtown Tunnel to the west while expanding the new interchange with I-464. Opening at that time was the span for eastbound traffic. Designated as Virginia 168, the $38-million Oak Grove Connector was opened northbound in May 1999 and southbound after a ribbon cutting ceremony held on July 22,1999. Planned since the 1960s, construction on the connector commenced in August 1997.5 Further south, Virginia Highways Project, I-464 AARoads, I-464
Interstate 464 in Virginia
–
Interstate 464
47.
Chesapeake Bay
–
It is the largest estuary in North America. With its northern portion in Maryland and the part in Virginia. More than 150 major rivers and streams flow into the bays 64, 299-square-mile drainage basin, the bay is approximately 200 miles long from its northern headwaters in the Susquehanna River to its outlet in the Atlantic Ocean. It is 2.8 miles wide at its narrowest and 30 miles at its widest, total shoreline including tributaries is 11,684 miles, circumnavigating a surface area of 4,479 square miles. Average depth is 21 feet, reaching a maximum of 174 feet, the bay is spanned twice, in Maryland by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge from Sandy Point to Kent Island and in Virginia by the Chesapeake Bay Bridge-Tunnel connecting Virginia Beach to Cape Charles. Known for both its beauty and bounty, the bay became emptier, with crabs, oysters. Recent restoration efforts begun in the 1990s have been ongoing and show potential for growth of the oyster population. The health of the Chesapeake Bay improved in 2015, marking three years of gains over the past four years, according to a new report by the University of Maryland, the word Chesepiooc is an Algonquian word referring to a village at a big river. It is the seventh oldest surviving English place-name in the U. S. first applied as Chesepiook by explorers heading north from the Roanoke Colony into a Chesapeake tributary in 1585 or 1586. The name may refer to the Chesepian or Chesapeake people. They occupied an area which is now the Norfolk, Portsmouth, Chesapeake, in 2005, Algonquian linguist Blair Rudes helped to dispel one of the areas most widely held beliefs, that Chesapeake means something like great shellfish bay. The name might actually have meant something like great water, or it might have just referred to a location at the bays mouth. In addition, the name is almost always prefixed by the in usage by local residents, The Chesapeake, The Chesapeake Bay, the Chesapeake Bay is an estuary to the North Atlantic, lying between the Delmarva Peninsula to the east and the North American mainland to the west. It is the ria, or drowned valley, of the Susquehanna River and it is not a fjord, because the Laurentide Ice Sheet never reached as far south as the northernmost point on the bay. The large rivers entering the bay from the west have broad mouths and are extensions of the ria for miles up the course of each river. The bay was formed starting about 10,000 years ago when rising sea levels at the end of the last ice age flooded the Susquehanna River valley. Parts of the bay, especially the Calvert County, Maryland and these cliffs, generally known as Calvert Cliffs, are famous for their fossils, especially fossilized shark teeth which are commonly found washed up on the beaches next to the cliffs. Scientists Cliffs is a community in Calvert County named for the desire to create a retreat for scientists when the community was founded in 1935
Chesapeake Bay
–
The Chesapeake Bay –
Landsat photo
Chesapeake Bay
–
View of the Eastern Bay in Maryland at sunset
Chesapeake Bay
–
The
Chesapeake Bay Bridge, near Annapolis, Maryland
Chesapeake Bay
–
Food chain diagram for waterbirds of the Chesapeake Bay
_map.svg)
US 13 at North Carolina state line near Somerton
SR 175 near Chincoteague
→_crossing_the_North_Channel_of_the_Chesapeake_Bay_in_Northampton_County,_Virginia.jpg)
_at_U.S._Route_13_Business_(Courthouse_Road)_in_James_Crossroads,_Northampton_County,_Virginia.jpg)
_Historical_Marker.jpg)
SR 32 south (Carolina Road) – Edenton, Great Dismal Swamp National Wildlife Refuge
SR 688 (Turlington Road) to US 58 Bus. – Downtown Suffolk
SR 604 (Pitchkettle Road)
US 460 west (US 460 Bus. east) – Petersburg, Downtown Suffolk
SR 642 (Wilroy Road)
I‑664 north (Hampton Roads Beltway inner loop) / US 58 east / US 460 Alt. east (Airline Boulevard) / SR 191 north (Jolliff Road) – Newport News, Hampton, Richmond
I‑264 / I‑64 east (Hampton Roads Beltway outer loop) – Portsmouth, Norfolk, Chesapeake, Virginia Beach
SR 196 west (Canal Drive)
US 460 east / SR 166 (Bainbridge Boulevard) – South Norfolk
SR 225 (Independence Boulevard) – Amphib Base
US 60 (Shore Drive) – Little Creek, Virginia Beach, Beaches
SR 600 (Seaside Road)
SR 624 (Capeville Drive) – Capeville
US 13 Bus. north (Bayside Road) / SR 184 west (Stone Road) – Cape Charles, Cheriton
SR 631 (Willow Oak Road) – Eastville
SR 606 (Rogers Drive) – Franktown, Hospital
SR 183 (Occohannock Neck Road) – Silver Beach, Downtown Exmore
SR 178 (Main Street) – Belle Haven, Downtown Exmore, Willis Wharf
SR 181 west – Belle Haven
SR 182 east (Main Street) – Quinby
SR 180 west (North Street) / SR 696 east (Keller Fair Road) – Pungoteague
SR 389 – Eastern Shore Community College
US 13 Bus. north (Coastal Boulevard) / SR 609 west (Redwood Road) – Onley
SR 179 (West Main Street) – Onancock, Onley
SR 764 (Accomac Road / Courthouse Avenue) – Greenbush, Accomac
US 13 Bus. south (Front Street) / SR 663 west (Mary N. Smith Road) – Accomac
SR 176 west (Parksley Road) – Parksley
SR 187 (Nelsonia Road) – Bloxom, Modest Town
SR 695 west (Saxis Road) – Saxis, Makemie Park, Sanford
SR 703 (Withams Road)
