Umar
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Umar ibn al-Khattab was the second Rashidun caliph, ruling from August 634 until his assassination in 644. He succeeded Abu Bakr and is regarded as a senior companion and father-in-law of the Islamic
Calligraphic seal featuring Umar's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Sasanid style coins during the Rashidun period, featuring a crescent-star, fire altar, depictions of Khosrow II, and an Arabic bismillāh in the margin). Unlike known historical figures such as Ibn Zubayr and Mu'awiya I, there are no coins minted in the name of these caliphs that could be evidence of political sovereignty.[citation needed]
19th-century colored engraving depicting Umar's entrance into Jerusalem in 638.
Early 20th-century depiction of (Abd al-Rahman ibn Awf or Abdul-Rahman ibn Abi Bakr) witnessing the purported conspiracy of Abu Lu'lu'a, Hormuzan, and Jufayna (wrongly depicted here as a woman; the depiction of the murder weapon may also be wrong) refers to Jufayna as "al-Naṣrānī", indicating that he was a man. Moreover, while the murder weapon seems to be depicted here as a split-blade sword (like Zulfiqar), describes it as "a unique dagger", having "two pointed sharp edges, with a handle in the middle". The picture is taken from
Uthman
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Uthman ibn Affan was the third and longest-reigned Rashidun caliph ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. He was also a second cousin, son-in-law, and senior companion of the Islamic prophet
Umar
…him. His was perhaps one of the smoothest transitions of power from one authority to another in the Muslim lands. Before his death, Abu Bakr called Uthman to write his will in which he declared Umar his successor. In his will he instructed Umar to continue the conquests on Iraqi and Syrian fronts. Umar’s…
Calligraphic seal featuring Uthman's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Uthman's tomb after demolition by Saudi Arabia