1.
United States Department of the Air Force
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The Department of the Air Force is one of the three Military Departments within the Department of Defense of the United States of America. The Department of the Air Force was formed on September 18,1947, per the National Security Act of 1947, the Secretary of the Air Forces principal deputy is the Under Secretary of the Air Force. Only the Secretary of Defense has the authority to transfer of forces between Combatant Commands. The department has suffered many problems in aircraft acquisition over the years,2003, Darleen Druyun rigged plan to lease Boeing tankers. 2011, Department sends KC-X evaluations to wrong companies,2012, Error in paperwork requires Light Attack/Armed Reconnaissance to be rebid. Department of the Air Force Airman Magazine, The Book 2010 – Personnel Facts, Airman Magazine, Volume 54 Number 3. Official site Department of the Air Force in the Federal Register
2.
United States Secretary of the Air Force
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The Secretary of the Air Force is the head of the Department of the Air Force, a component organization within the Department of Defense of the United States. The Secretary of the Air Force is appointed from civilian life by the President, by and with the advice, the salary of SECAF IS $179,700, Level II. On December 13,2013, Deborah Lee James was confirmed by the United States Senate to be the next Secretary of the Air Force and she was sworn in by Timothy Beyland on December 20. Undersecretary of the Air Force Eric Fanning assumed the role of acting secretary when then-Secretary of the Air Force Michael B, President Obama nominated James on August 1,2013. At that time, she was serving as president of the technology, the Secretary is the head of the Department of the Air Force, analogous to that of a chief executive officer of a corporation. The Department of the Air Force is defined as a Military Department, the exclusive responsibilities of the Secretary of the Air Force are enumerated in Title 10 Section 8013 of the United States Code. They include, but are not limited to, Recruiting, the construction, outfitting, and repair of military equipment. Air Force units while assigned to Combatant Commands may only be reassigned by authority of the Secretary of Defense, Air Force Officers have to report on any matter to the Secretary, or the Secretarys designate, when requested. The Office of the Secretary of the Air Force is one of the Department of the Air Forces two headquarter staffs at the seat of government, the one is the Air Staff. Definitions Subtitle D - Air Force CHAPTER6 - COMBATANT COMMANDERS §162, Combatant command, assigned forces, chain of command CHAPTER803 - DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE §8011. Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, under Secretary of the Air Force. CHAPTER805 - THE AIR STAFF §8032, the Air Staff, general duties §8033. Department of Defense Directive 5101.2, DoD Executive Agent for Space, leaders Through the Years,2012 USAF Almanac US Air Force Senior Leadership at Archive. is
3.
President of the United States
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The President of the United States is the head of state and head of government of the United States. The president directs the executive branch of the government and is the commander-in-chief of the United States Armed Forces. The president is considered to be one of the worlds most powerful political figures, the role includes being the commander-in-chief of the worlds most expensive military with the second largest nuclear arsenal and leading the nation with the largest economy by nominal GDP. The office of President holds significant hard and soft power both in the United States and abroad, Constitution vests the executive power of the United States in the president. The president is empowered to grant federal pardons and reprieves. The president is responsible for dictating the legislative agenda of the party to which the president is a member. The president also directs the foreign and domestic policy of the United States, since the office of President was established in 1789, its power has grown substantially, as has the power of the federal government as a whole. However, nine vice presidents have assumed the presidency without having elected to the office. The Twenty-second Amendment prohibits anyone from being elected president for a third term, in all,44 individuals have served 45 presidencies spanning 57 full four-year terms. On January 20,2017, Donald Trump was sworn in as the 45th, in 1776, the Thirteen Colonies, acting through the Second Continental Congress, declared political independence from Great Britain during the American Revolution. The new states, though independent of each other as nation states, desiring to avoid anything that remotely resembled a monarchy, Congress negotiated the Articles of Confederation to establish a weak alliance between the states. Out from under any monarchy, the states assigned some formerly royal prerogatives to Congress, only after all the states agreed to a resolution settling competing western land claims did the Articles take effect on March 1,1781, when Maryland became the final state to ratify them. In 1783, the Treaty of Paris secured independence for each of the former colonies, with peace at hand, the states each turned toward their own internal affairs. Prospects for the convention appeared bleak until James Madison and Edmund Randolph succeeded in securing George Washingtons attendance to Philadelphia as a delegate for Virginia. It was through the negotiations at Philadelphia that the presidency framed in the U. S. The first power the Constitution confers upon the president is the veto, the Presentment Clause requires any bill passed by Congress to be presented to the president before it can become law. Once the legislation has been presented, the president has three options, Sign the legislation, the bill becomes law. Veto the legislation and return it to Congress, expressing any objections, in this instance, the president neither signs nor vetoes the legislation
4.
United States Senate
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The United States Senate is the upper chamber of the United States Congress which, along with the House of Representatives, the lower chamber, composes the legislature of the United States. The composition and powers of the Senate are established by Article One of the United States Constitution. S. From 1789 until 1913, Senators were appointed by the legislatures of the states represented, following the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913. The Senate chamber is located in the wing of the Capitol, in Washington. It further has the responsibility of conducting trials of those impeached by the House, in the early 20th century, the practice of majority and minority parties electing their floor leaders began, although they are not constitutional officers. This idea of having one chamber represent people equally, while the other gives equal representation to states regardless of population, was known as the Connecticut Compromise, there was also a desire to have two Houses that could act as an internal check on each other. One was intended to be a Peoples House directly elected by the people, the other was intended to represent the states to such extent as they retained their sovereignty except for the powers expressly delegated to the national government. The Senate was thus not designed to serve the people of the United States equally, the Constitution provides that the approval of both chambers is necessary for the passage of legislation. First convened in 1789, the Senate of the United States was formed on the example of the ancient Roman Senate, the name is derived from the senatus, Latin for council of elders. James Madison made the comment about the Senate, In England, at this day, if elections were open to all classes of people. An agrarian law would take place. If these observations be just, our government ought to secure the permanent interests of the country against innovation, landholders ought to have a share in the government, to support these invaluable interests, and to balance and check the other. They ought to be so constituted as to protect the minority of the opulent against the majority, the senate, therefore, ought to be this body, and to answer these purposes, the people ought to have permanency and stability. The Constitution stipulates that no constitutional amendment may be created to deprive a state of its equal suffrage in the Senate without that states consent, the District of Columbia and all other territories are not entitled to representation in either House of the Congress. The District of Columbia elects two senators, but they are officials of the D. C. city government. The United States has had 50 states since 1959, thus the Senate has had 100 senators since 1959. In 1787, Virginia had roughly ten times the population of Rhode Island, whereas today California has roughly 70 times the population of Wyoming and this means some citizens are effectively two orders of magnitude better represented in the Senate than those in other states. Seats in the House of Representatives are approximately proportionate to the population of each state, before the adoption of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, Senators were elected by the individual state legislatures
5.
Term of office
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A term of office is the length of time a person serves in a particular elected office. In many jurisdictions there is a limit on how long terms of office may be before the officeholder must be subject to re-election. Some jurisdictions exercise term limits, setting a number of terms an individual may hold in a particular office. Being the origin of the Westminster system, aspects of the United Kingdoms system of government are replicated in other countries. The monarch serves as head of state until his or her death or abdication, in the United Kingdom Members of Parliament in the House of Commons are elected for the duration of the parliament. Following dissolution of the Parliament, an election is held which consists of simultaneous elections for all seats. For most MPs this means that their terms of office are identical to the duration of the Parliament, an MP elected in a by-election mid-way through a Parliament, regardless of how long they have occupied the seat, is not exempt from facing re-election at the next general election. The Septennial Act 1715 provided that a Parliament expired seven years after it had been summoned, prior to the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 parliaments had no minimum duration. Parliaments could be dissolved early by the monarch at the Prime Ministers request, the Fixed-term Parliaments Act 2011 mandated that Parliaments should last their full five years. Early dissolution is possible, but under much more limited circumstances. Hereditary peers and life peers retain membership of the House of Lords for life, Lords Spiritual hold membership of the House of Lords until the end of their time as bishops, though a senior bishop may be made a life peer upon the end of their bishopric. The devolved administrations in Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland are variations on the system of government used at Westminster, the office of the leader of the devolved administrations has no numeric term limit imposed upon it. However, in the case of the Scottish Government and the Welsh Assembly Government there are fixed terms for which the legislatures can sit and this is imposed at four years. Elections may be held before this time but only if no administration can be formed, offices of local government other regional elected officials follow similar rules to the national offices discussed above, with persons elected to fixed terms of a few years. Federal judges have different terms in office, however, the majority of the federal judiciary, Article III judges, such as those of the Supreme Court, courts of appeal, and federal district courts, serve for life. The terms of office for officials in state governments according to the provisions of state constitutions. The term for state governors is four years in all states but Vermont and New Hampshire, the National Conference of State Legislatures reported in January 2007 that among state legislatures,44 states had terms of office for the lower house of the state legislature at two years. Five had terms of office at four years,37 states had terms of office for the upper house of the state legislature at four years
6.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
7.
Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
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The Chief of Staff is typically the highest-ranking officer on active-duty in the U. S. Air Force unless the Chairman and/or the Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff are Air Force officers. The current Chief of Staff of the Air Force is General David L. Goldfein, the Chief of Staff may also perform other duties as assigned by either the President, the Secretary of Defense or the Secretary of the Air Force. The Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force, also a general, is the Chief of Staffs principal deputy. The Chief of Staff of the Air Force is a member of the Joint Chiefs of Staff as prescribed by 10 U. S. C, when performing his JCS duties the Chief of Staff is responsible directly to the Secretary of Defense. Like the other members of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the CSAF is an administrative position, the CSAF is nominated for appointment by the President and must be confirmed via majority vote by the Senate. By statute, the CSAF is appointed as a four-star general, the Chief of Staff is also authorized to wear a special service cap with clouds and lightning bolts around the band of the hat. Prior to the creation of this position, General Henry H, arnold was designated first Chief of the Army Air Forces and Commanding General of the Army Air Forces during World War II. *Three former chiefs of staff would serve as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff. Brown served as the Chairman from July 1974 to June 1978, jones served as the Chairman from June 1978 to June 1982. The fourth Air Force officer to have served as the Chairman, myers, did not serve as Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force Department of Defense Key Officials 1947–2015, washington DC, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Historical Office. HAF MISSION DIRECTIVE 1-4 - CHIEF OF STAFF OF THE AIR FORCE, washington DC, Secretary of the Air Force. Headquarters United States Air Force Key Personnel, washington DC, Air Force Historical Studies Office. Air Force History Support Office, Air Force Chiefs of Staff
8.
Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force
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The Vice Chief of Staff of the United States Air Force is the second highest-ranking military officer in the United States Air Force. In the event that the Chief of Staff of the Air Force is absent or is unable to perform his duties, the VCSAF may also perform other duties that the Secretary of Defense, the Secretary of the Air Force or the CSAF assigns to him. The VCSAF is appointed by the President of the United States, by statute, the VCSAF is appointed as a four-star general. The current Vice Chief of Staff of the Air Force is General Stephen W. Wilson
9.
General Counsel of the Air Force
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The General Counsel of the Air Force is the chief legal officer of the U. S. Department of the Air Force. According to Secretary of the Air Force Order No,111.5, dated July 14,2005, The General Counsel is the chief legal officer and chief ethics official of the Department of the Air Force. Legal opinions issued by the Office of the General Counsel shall be the opinions of the Department of the Air Force. The General Counsel provides advice in accordance with applicable statues on any legal subject, General Counsel of the Department of Defense General Counsel of the Army General Counsel of the Navy General Counsel official webpage
10.
John A. McCone
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John Alexander McCone was an American businessman and politician who served as Director of Central Intelligence from 1961 to 1965, during the height of the Cold War. John A. McCone was born in San Francisco, California on January 4,1902 and his father ran iron foundries across California, a business started in Nevada in 1860 by McCones grandfather. He graduated from the University of California, Berkeley in 1922 with a B. S. in Mechanical Engineering, beginning his career in Los Angeles Llewellyn Iron Works. He rose swiftly and in 1929, when several works merged to become the Consolidated Steel Corporation and he also worked for the ITT corporation. McCones political affiliation was with the Republican Party, in 1958, he became chairman of the U. S. Hersh writes that President John F, after the disaster of the Bay of Pigs Invasion, president John F. Kennedy forced the resignation of CIA director Allen Dulles and some of his staff. McCone replaced Dulles as DCI on November 29,1961 and he married Mrs. Theiline McGee Pigott on August 29,1962 at St. Annes Chapel of the Sacred Heart Villa in Seattle, Washington. Hamilton accepted, but when a problem developed at the Agency for International Development, thus Kennedy, urged on by his brother Robert, turned to McCone. He was a key figure in the Executive Committee of the National Security Council during the October 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis. The telegram was so named because McCone sent it while on his honeymoon in Paris, France, accompanied not only by his bride, Theiline McGee Pigott but by a CIA cipher team. While McCone was DCI, the CIA was involved in many covert plots, including ones involving Laos, Ecuador, Brazil and he apparently disapproved of Operation Mongoose, the plot to assassinate Fidel Castro. He would later tell DCI Stansfield Turner that the CIA actions in Chile were the work of Richard Helms, McCone would later work for ITT. McCone represented the CIAs opposition to U. S, in 1964 he was awarded the Hoover Medal. McCone resigned from his position of DCI in April 1965, believing himself to be unappreciated by President Lyndon B, johnson, who, he complained, would not read his reports, including on the need for full-fledged inspections of Israeli nuclear facilities. I therefore urge that as we deploy additional troops, which I believe necessary, we hit the north harder. In my opinion, we should strike their petroleum supplies, electric power installations, I am not talking about bombing centers of population or killing innocent people, though there will of course be some casualties. I am proposing to tighten the tourniquet on North Vietnam so as to make the Communists pause to weigh the losses they are taking against their prospects for gains. We should make it hard for the Viet Cong to win in the south, I believe this course of action holds out the greatest promise we can hope for in our effort to attain our ultimate objective of finding a political solution to the Vietnam problem
11.
Roswell Gilpatric
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Gilpatric later served as Chairman of the Task Force on Nuclear Proliferation in 1964. Charlotte Leavitt was a classmate and lifelong friend of Frances Perkins. On his mothers side Roswell Gilpatric was related to Harvard College astronomer Henrietta Swan Leavitt, yost, Paul Nitze, and Chapman Rose. He graduated from Yale University in 1928, Phi Beta Kappa, and then from Yale Law School in 1931, where he was an editor of the Yale Law Journal. Following his graduation, Gilpatric went to work for the New York City law firm of Cravath, Swaine & Moore, where he became a partner and where he practiced when not serving in government. Gilpatric owed much of his political cachet to his relationship with the celebrated lawyer, diplomat and investment banker Robert A. Lovett. Gilpatric served as Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1951-1953, during 1956 and 1957, Gilpatric was a member of the Rockefeller Brothers Special Studies Project. Gilpatric was a friend of Governor Nelson Rockefeller. Gilpatric joined the new Kennedy administration in 1961 as part of the wave of Kennedy appointments and his appointment was unusual, he was one of the few Pentagon leaders handpicked by the new President. Fearing that Robert McNamara was inexperienced in Washingtons ways, Kennedy chose Gilpatric to add experience to his Defense team, Gilpatrics boss, United States Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, was known as a whiz kid, a Midwestern industrial production wunderkind. But Kennedy sensed McNamara would need a strong lieutenant savvy in the ways of Washington, Kennedy chose Gilpatric as the Pentagons number two, passing over Paul Nitze, Gilpatrics old classmate from Hotchkiss, who had wanted the job. It was an appointment, within a few months, the dashing Eastern lawyer. McNamara frequently started out with the expression, Ros and I, as the Cuban crisis began to unfold, Gilpatric was appointed to the EXCOMM team, the top-level working group appointed by President Kennedy to assess the Russian missile threat in Cuba. At one point during the standoff of the Cuban Missile Crisis. McNamara countered, arguing that there should be no bombing because the Russian response was unpredictable and it was at this critical moment that Gilpatric stepped in to settle the argument. Essentially, Mr. President, Gilpatric was recorded telling Kennedy, proposing the blockade was McNamara and Gilpatrics solution to providing President Kennedy with a strong response – but short of the airstrike that McGeorge Bundy and others were pushing. By crafting their solution, and with the normally reticent Gilpatric speaking up forcefully for it, the President followed Gilpatric and McNamaras recommendation. Gilpatric was not always so dovish and he often took a hard line against the Communist threat, and was not above using force in other matters of international security
12.
James H. Douglas Jr.
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James Henderson Douglas Jr. was a lawyer and senior-level official in the United States Government. He was Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, serving under both President Herbert Hoover and President Franklin Roosevelt, during the Eisenhower Administration, he served in the United States Department of Defense as Secretary of the Air Force and Deputy Secretary of Defense. Douglas grew up in the Lake Forest area near Chicago, Illinois and his family was quite wealthy, having co-founded the Quaker Oats Company. He attended Princeton University where he received a commission as a lieutenant in the United States Army in 1918. He was initially assigned to Camp Hancock, Georgia, World War I ended before he could join a unit in Europe. After the war he returned to Princeton where he received a Bachelor of Arts degree in 1920 and he attended Corpus Christi College, Cambridge for a year prior to returning the United States to study law at Harvard University, graduating with a law degree in 1924. Douglas was admitted to the Illinois Bar in 1925, and joined the Chicago law firm of Winston, Strawn & Shaw and he join investment banking firm of Field, Glore & Company in 1929. Near the end of the Hoover Administration, Secretary of the Treasury Ogden L. Mills recommended to President Hoover that Douglas be appointed as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Douglas began service as Assistant Secretary in February 1932. He continued in the position for a year under President Roosevelt, however, he did not agree with Roosevelt’s monetary policies, and he resigned in June 1933. After leaving the Federal Government, he founded the Citizens Committee on Monetary Policy to oppose President Roosevelt’s financial program, after serving as Assistant Secretary of the Treasury, Douglas returned to Chicago to practice law. He joined the law firm of Gardner Carton, in 1934, Douglas became a senior partner, and the firm was renamed Gardner, Carton & Douglas. The firm would later be acquired by the Philadelphia-based law firm of Drinker Biddle & Reath, Douglas served in the Army Air Forces during World War II. He had duty assignments in South America, Africa, Europe, much of his service time was spent in senior AAF staff positions including deputy chief of staff of the Air Transport Command and chief of staff for Air Training Command. He volunteered to accompany Brig. Gen. William H. Tunner to India as a member when Tunner was assigned to command the Hump Airlift in September 1944. He was awarded the Distinguished Service Medal for his war time service, after the war, Douglas returned to Chicago to practice law with Gardner, Carton & Douglas where he remained a senior partner. He continued with the firm until March 1953 when President Eisenhower nominated him to become Under Secretary of the Air Force, Douglas quickly became was one of President Eisenhower key military advisors. He served as Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1953 until 1957, in May 1957, President Eisenhower appointed him as the fifth Secretary of the Air Force. He was the first Secretary of the Air Force to have served as a military air service officer
13.
Dudley C. Sharp
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Dudley Crawford Sharp was Secretary of the Air Force from December 11,1959 until January 20,1961, under president Dwight D. Eisenhower. Born in Houston, Texas, Sharp was the son of Walter Benona Sharp and he graduated from Princeton University in 1928 and joined the Mission Manufacturing Company of Houston, holding many positions within the firm. He served in the United States Navy from 1942 to 1945, in 1955, he was appointed as Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Materiel. Mr. Sharp was appointed Under Secretary of the Air Force in August 1959 and on December 11,1959, he became Secretary of the Air Force, Sharp was also best friends with Howard Hughes for a time in his early life. Dudley met Howard because both Howard and Dudleys fathers were business partners in the Sharp-Hughes Tool Company in Houston, Sharp was married to Tina Cleveland, daughter of Justina Latham and W. C. Cleveland of Houston. Sharp died on May 17,1987 and he was 82 years old and lived in Houston, Texas
14.
Joseph V. Charyk
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Joseph Vincent Charyk was widely credited as the founder of the geosynchronous communications satellite industry. He was born in Canmore, Alberta in a Ukrainian family, early in his career, Charyk consolidated the Central Intelligence Agency, United States Air Force, and United States Navy space programs into the National Reconnaissance Office. He brought the first United States imagery satellite, CORONA, into operation, during his tenure, the NRO operated the U-2 reconnaissance aircraft and managed development of the A-12. Charyk served as Chief Scientist of the United States Air Force until he was appointed the Undersecretary of the Air Force, in 1961 he was appointed by President John F. Kennedy to be the first Director of the National Reconnaissance Office. He later returned to industry, serving as first president of Communications Satellite Corporation. Charyk decided to make geosynchronous satellites the basis of the Comsat network and he fought skepticism that this untested technology would not work for voice transmission because of a half-second time delay. He also raised funds to support this new industry and enlisted the cooperation of countries around the world and his efforts launched a global system that would eventually seem commonplace to billions of people around the world. While at Comsat, Charyk served as President, CEO, Charyk earned his bachelors in Engineering and Physics from the University of Alberta and his PhD in Aeronautics from the California Institute of Technology. In 1974 he received the International Emmy Directorate Award for his work with COMSAT, Charyk died on September 28,2016 at the age of 96
15.
Brockway McMillan
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Brockway McMillan was an American government official and scientist, who served as the eighth Under Secretary of the Air Force and the second Director of the National Reconnaissance Office. McMillan was born in Minneapolis, Minnesota in 1915 and he received his B. S. in 1936 and a Ph. D.1939 from Massachusetts Institute of Technology on a thesis entitled The calculus of discrete homogenous chaos supervised by Norbert Wiener. He also served in the U. S. Navy at Dahlgren, McMillan became assistant director of systems engineering in 1955 and was named director of military research in 1959. From 1961 to 1965 he was with the U. S. Air Force as assistant secretary for research and development and he rejoined Bell Labs in 1965 and retired in 1979 as vice-president for military development. He is an IEEE Fellow, past president of SIAM, and he advocated maintaining the National Reconnaissance Office as the primary United States agency in space reconnaissance. In 1942, while at Princeton University, McMillan married Audrey Wishard who had a PhD in mathematics from Radcliffe College in Cambridge, Boston and he died on December 3,2016 at his home in Sedgwick, Maine at the age of 101
16.
John L. McLucas
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John Luther McLucas was United States Secretary of the Air Force from 1973 to 1975, becoming Secretary of the Air Force on July 19,1973. He had been Acting Secretary of the Air Force since May 15,1973, prior to his appointment as Under Secretary, he was president and chief executive officer of MITRE Corporation, of Bedford, Massachusetts, and McLean, Virginia. McLucas was born in Fayetteville, North Carolina and he attended public schools in McColl and Latta, South Carolina, graduating from Latta High School in 1937. During World War II, he served as an officer in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946, after one year at the Air Force Cambridge Research Center in Cambridge, Massachusetts, he enrolled at Pennsylvania State University. From 1950 to 1957, he was president and technical director of Haller, Raymond and Brown Inc. an electronics firm at State College. In 1958 he was president of HRB-Singer Inc. He joined the Department of Defense in May 1962 and served as Deputy Director of Defense Research, two years later, he was appointed as assistant secretary general for scientific affairs at NATO Headquarters in Paris, France. In 1966 he became president of MITRE Corp. where he remained until his appointment as undersecretary of the Air Force on March 17,1969. From 1969 through 1973, McLucas also served as director of the National Reconnaissance Office, in November 1975, President Gerald Ford swore in Dr. McLucas as the eighth administrator of the Federal Aviation Administration. McLucas was the author of scientific articles and holds ten U. S. patents. He was the founder or co-founder of several businesses, and was active in civic affairs in Pennsylvania. He received the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service in 1964, and first bronze palm in 1973, and the Air Force Exceptional Service Award in May 1973. He was a member of the Chief Executives Forum, American Physical Society, Operations Research Society of America and he was also a member of the Defense Science Board, Air Force Scientific Advisory Board, and the Young Presidents Organization. McLucas died on December 1,2002 and this article incorporates public domain material from the United States Government document
17.
James W. Plummer
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James W. Plummer was an engineer who served as the fifth Director of the National Reconnaissance Office. Plummer was the first Director NRO to come from private industry and he previously served as the Lockheed Corporation program manager for the CORONA and LANYARD imaging systems. Plummer focused on developing the second generation of U. S. satellites – the electro-optical systems and he earned a masters degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland in 1953. In 2005 he received the Charles Stark Draper Prize for his contributions to the CORONA project and he died at Medford, Oregon in 2013
18.
Hans Mark
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Hans Michael Mark is a former Secretary of the Air Force and a former Deputy Administrator of NASA. He is an expert and consultant in design and national defense policy. Mark retired from the Department of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics at the University of Texas at Austins Cockrell School of Engineering in July 2014, Mark was born in Mannheim, Germany. He lived in Vienna for a time before escaping the Nazi anschluss via Switzerland, before the collapse of France the Mark family moved to London. Marks father, Herman Francis Mark, a prominent polymer chemist, secured a position with a Canadian paper company, finally, in late 1939, his family joined him in Hawkesbury. About a year later the moved to the United States. D. in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1954. After completion of his doctorate, Mark stayed on at MIT as a research associate and he returned to UC Berkeley in 1955 and remained there until 1958 as a research physicist at the Universitys Lawrence Radiation Laboratory in Livermore. Dr. Mark then returned to MIT as an assistant professor of physics, in 1960, he again returned to the University of Californias Livermore Radiation Laboratorys Experimental Physics Division. He remained there until 1964, when he became chairman of the universitys Department of Nuclear Engineering, Mark has also taught undergraduate and graduate courses in physics and engineering at Boston University and the University of California, Davis. In February 1969, he director of NASAs Ames Research Center, located in Mountain View. In this role, he managed the research and applications efforts in aeronautics, space science. He subsequently served as Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1977 until July 1979, concurrently, he served as Director of the National Reconnaissance Office, from August 1977 to October 1979. He remained at this position until 1981, when he was appointed Deputy Administrator of NASA by President Reagan, upon leaving NASA in 1984, Mark served as Chancellor of The University of Texas system until 1992. He moved on to become a professor of aerospace engineering at The University of Texas at Austin. In July 1998, he work at The Pentagon upon President Clintons nomination of him as Director of Defense Research. In 2001, he returned to The University of Texas at Austin and he was voted by the Regents of the University as a Professor Emeritus of Aerospace Engineering and Engineering Mechanics. Hans Mark is a member of the National Academy of Engineering and he is also an Honorary Fellow of the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He has received the 1999 Joe J. King Engineering Achievement Award, dr. Mark was recently honored for his contributions to the US military space program at the 2006 annual meeting of the American Astronautical Society
19.
Antonia Handler Chayes
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Antonia Handler was born in New York City on July 21,1929. She married Abram Chayes on December 24,1947, they had five children and she was educated at Radcliffe College, receiving a B. A. in 1950. She then attended Yale Law School before transferring to the Georgetown University Law Center, from 1959 to 1961, Chayes was executive assistant to Erwin Griswold, the Dean of Harvard Law School. In 1961, she joined the staff of the White House and she was then a consultant to a Baltimore community development firm 1962-63, and a social science adviser to the National Institute of Mental Health 1964-65. From 1966 to 1968, she was director of education and urban development for the Model Cities Programs Action for Boston Community Development program, in 1968, she became the dean of the Jackson College for Women. From 1970 to 1972, she was a professor of political science at Tufts. Chayes then spent 1972-73 as the law clerk of Judge Charles Edward Wyzanski, in 1974, she joined the Boston law firm of Csaplar & Bok as a partner. In 1977, President of the United States Jimmy Carter nominated Chayes to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force and she held this position until 1979, when she became United States Under Secretary of the Air Force, a position she held until 1981. Chayes joined the faculty of the John F. Kennedy School of Government in 1981, there, she became Chair of the Project on Compliance and International Conflict Management at the Program on Negotiation. She also served on the Board of Directors of the United Technologies Corporation from 1981 to 2002 and she also continued to practice law with Csaplar & Bok. In 2003, she became Professor of Practice of International Politics and Law at The Fletcher School of Law, with Paul M. Doty, Defending Deterrence, Managing the ABM Treaty Regime Into the 21st Century. With Abram Chayes, The New Sovereignty, Compliance with International Regulating Agreements, peace Operations, Developing an American Strategy. With Abram Chayes, Preventing Conflict in the Post-Communist World, Mobilizing International and Regional Organizations, with Abram Chayes, Alexei Arbatov, and Lara Olson, eds. Managing Conflict in the Former Soviet Union, with Abram Chayes, Planning for Intervention, International Cooperation in Conflict Management. Imagine Coexistence, Restoring Humanity After Violent Conflict, how American Treaty Behavior Threatens National Security in 33 International Security 45. Borderless Wars, Civil Military Disorder and Legal Uncertainty
20.
Edward C. Aldridge Jr.
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Edward Pete Cleveland Aldridge Jr. has served in many top U. S. From 1989-1992 he was president of the Electronic Systems Company division of McDonnell Douglas and he was the Under Secretary of Defense for Acquisition, Technology and Logistics from 2001-2003. Aldridge was a payload specialist for STS-62-A, the first scheduled Space Shuttle mission from Vandenberg Air Force Base, the mission was canceled after the Space Shuttle Challenger disaster, and Aldridge never flew. Aldridge was confirmed as the Pentagons top weapons buyer on May 8,2001 and his successor voiced a different opinion in 2012. This will make a headline if I say it, but Im going to say it anyway, putting the F-35 into production years before the first test flight was acquisition malpractice. It should not have been done, the military has spent $373 million to fix planes already bought, the ultimate repair bill for imperfect planes has been estimated at close to $8 billion. Despite granting veterans status to WASPs Secretary Aldridge referred to the Merchant Marines as a subculture, Aldridge altered statutes to set the end of World War II as August 15,1945 instead of December 31,1946. This resulted in the 1987 case Schumacher, Willner, et al. v. Aldridge 665 F. Supp, although Secretary Aldridge and his U. S. Air Force panel lost, he still refused to grant veterans status. In 2005, the Space Foundation awarded Aldridge its highest honor, the General James E. Spacefacts biography of Edward C
21.
Rudy de Leon
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Rudolph Rudy F. de Leon is an American former senior Department of Defense official, military adviser, lobbyist, and foreign policy adviser. As of 2011, he is Senior Vice President of National Security, de Leon began his career in the federal government in 1975, and held various positions for 25 years until 2001. He had staff positions in the Senate and House of Representatives, from 1985 through 1993, he served on the Committee on Armed Services as a member of the professional staff and director. In 1986, he participated in the debate and passage of the 1986 Goldwater-Nichols Act and he was a top aide to Les Aspin in 1993. As Deputy Defense Secretary, he had authority over such as decisions by the Air Force regarding military spy planes. De Leon worked for the Boeing Corporation as a vice president from 2001 to 2006. De Leon has served as a lecturer as well as foreign policy expert for the Center for American Progress. He has written articles on matters of foreign policy and military policy
22.
F. Whitten Peters
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Frederick Whitten Peters is a District of Columbia lawyer and senior level public official. His law practice specializes in civil and criminal litigation including contract fraud, antitrust, tax and he has served in several key positions within the U. S. federal government, including as Secretary of the Air Force. Before Peters had entered school, his family moved to Chicago and he grew up and attended public schools in a northern suburb of Chicago where his father had an architectural business. His father died when he was 13, Peters went on to earn a scholarship to Harvard University from the Harvard Club of Chicago. He graduated from Harvard magna cum laude with a bachelor of degree in government. In 1969, Peters joined the United States Navy, and earned distinguished graduate honors from the Navy Officer Candidate School in Newport, Rhode Island. Because of his training at Harvard, he was assigned to the Atlantic Fleet Intelligence Center in Norfolk, Virginia. While he was there, the center received a meritorious unit citation for discovering Russian-built submarine pens in Cuba. In February 1972, he was released by the Navy and hired back the day as a civilian employee to complete a special project. In August 1972, he received Harvard’s Frank Knox Traveling Fellowship to attend the London School of Economics and he earned a Master of Arts degree with distinction in economics in 1973. He then entered Harvard Law School and he served as president of the Harvard Law Review for two years, and graduated magna cum laude with a doctor of laws degree in 1976. Following law school, Peters clerked for judges in the District of Columbia including Supreme Court Justice William J. Brennan. In 1978, he joined the Williams & Connolly law firm in Washington, D. C. as an associate attorney and he remained with Williams & Connolly until 1995. In 1995, President Bill Clinton appointed Peters as principal deputy general counsel of the Department of Defense, in this position he worked a wide range of defense issues including acquisition reform, counterterrorism, information system security, and affirmative action. In 1997, Secretary of Defense William Cohen recommended Peters for appointment as Under Secretary of the Air Force, the President and United States Senate agreed, and he was sworn into that office on November 13,1997. After Secretary of the Air Force Sheila Widnall resigned, Peters served as acting Secretary of the Air Force for 19 months, President Clinton nominated Peters to be Secretary of the Air Force on June 2,1999. The Senate confirmed his appointment on July 30,1999, during his tenure as Secretary, the Air Force demonstrated its power in the Kosovo conflict while Peters helped secure funding for the F-22 air superiority fighter. Peters served as Air Force Secretary until January 20,2001, after leaving the Air Force in 2001, Peters returned to the Washington law firm of Williams & Connolly as partner
23.
Carol A. DiBattiste
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Carol A. DiBattiste is a United States lawyer who served as United States Under Secretary of the Air Force from 1999 to 2001. Carol A. DiBattiste joined the United States Air Force after graduating high school in 1971. From 1971 to 1976, she served as an accounting and finance specialist, in 1976, she received a B. A. in sociology from La Salle University. She also graduated from Air Force Officer Training School in 1976 and she completed Squadron Officer School in 1977. DiBattiste then attended the Temple University Beasley School of Law, receiving her J. D. in 1981 and she also completed training to work in the United States Air Force Judge Advocate Generals Corps in 1981. She spent 1981-85 working as a prosecutor for the JAG Corps and she spent 1985-1986 completing an LL. M. from Columbia Law School. DiBattiste retired from the United States Air Force in 1991, having achieved the rank of Major, from 1991 to 1993, DiBattiste was Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida. In 1993, she joined the United States Department of the Navy as Principal Deputy General Counsel of the Navy and she was then director of the DOJs Executive Office for United States Attorneys from 1994 to 1997. She then spent 1998-99 as Deputy United States Attorney for the Southern District of Florida, in 1999, President of the United States Bill Clinton nominated DiBattiste to be United States Under Secretary of the Air Force. She subsequently held office from August 1999 to January 2001. In February 2001, DiBattiste joined the law firm of Holland & Knight as a partner, in March 2003, she became Chief of Staff of the Transportation Security Administration. In July 2004, she became Deputy Administrator of the TSA, DiBattiste moved to the private sector in March 2005, when she became ChoicePoints Chief Credentialing, Compliance and Privacy Officer. In September 2006, she became the companys General Counsel, in October 2008, DiBattiste became Senior Vice President of Privacy, Security, Compliance and Government Affairs at LexisNexis. In August 2016, she become the Executive in Charge of the Board of Veterans Appeals
24.
Lawrence J. Delaney
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Lawrence J. Delaney was educated at Clarkson University, receiving a bachelors degree in chemical engineering in 1957 and a masters degree in chemical engineering in 1958. He then studied at the University of Pennsylvania and received a Ph. D. in chemical engineering in 1961. Delaney spent 1961-62 working at the Institute for Defense Analyses in Washington, D. C. from 1968 to 1975, he worked for Martin Marietta in Washington, D. C. as director of advanced programs and then in Denver as director of its Navy Systems Division. From 1975 to 1981, he was director of Washington, D. C. operations for R&D Associates. He then worked for SAIC from 1981 to 1989, first as deputy manager for Military Sciences and Information Systems Sector. In Washington, D. C. from 1997 to 1999, in 1999, President of the United States Bill Clinton nominated Delaney to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force. He held this position until 2001 and he was also Acting United States Under Secretary of the Air Force in 2001, and Acting United States Secretary of the Air Force from January 21,2001 until May 31,2001. Upon leaving government service in 2001, Delaney became president and CEO of Arete Associates in Sherman Oaks, in 2003, he joined L-3 Communications / Titan Corp. becoming its president and CEO
25.
Peter B. Teets
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Teets was the thirteenth Director of the National Reconnaissance Office and the Under Secretary of the Air Force. He commissioned panels on space acquisition policies and space launch initiatives and he greatly improved the acquisition, operation, and effectiveness of national security space capabilities. 1963-1970, engineer for flight control analysis, Martin Marietta, Denver, 1970-1975, manager, Titan IIIC inertial guidance system, Martin Marietta, Denver, Colo. 1975-1980, Program Manager, Transtage Project, and Director of Space Systems, Martin Marietta, Denver, 1980-1982, Vice President of Business Development, Martin Marietta Denver Aerospace, Denver, Colo. 1982-1985, Vice President and General Manager, Aerospace Strategic and Launch Systems Division, Martin Marietta Denver Aerospace, Denver, 1985-1993, President, Martin Marietta Denver Aerospace, Denver, Colo. 1993-1995, President, Martin Marietta Space Group, Bethesda, Md, 1995-1997, President and Chief Operating Officer, Lockheed Martin Information and Services Sector, Bethesda, Md. 1997-1999, President and Chief Operating Officer, Lockheed Martin Corp, 2001-2005, Undersecretary of the Air Force, Washington, D. C.11
26.
Ronald M. Sega
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He is also the Vice President and Enterprise Executive for Energy and Environment at The Ohio State University. From August 2005 to August 2007, he served as Under Secretary of the Air Force and he is a retired Major General in the United States Air Force and a former NASA astronaut. Sega was born in Cleveland, Ohio, he is of Slovene origin and he was married to fellow astronaut Bonnie J. Dunbar. He is now married to Ann Sega and they have two sons, Sega completed pilot training in 1976 and served as an Instructor Pilot at Williams Air Force Base, Arizona, until 1979. In 1982 he joined the faculty of the University of Colorado at Colorado Springs as assistant professor in the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering. He was promoted to professor in 1985, granted tenure in 1988, promoted to professor in 1990. From 1987 to 1988 he served as Technical Director, Lasers and Aerospace Mechanics Directorate, Sega is a co-principal investigator and mission director for the Wake Shield Facility which has flown on Space Shuttle mission STS-60 in February 1994 and STS-76 in 1996. He has authored or co-authored over 100 technical publications, as a pilot, Sega has logged over 4,000 hours in the Air Force, Air Force Reserves and NASA. Sega became an astronaut in July 1991 after selection in 1990, from November 1994 to March 1995, Sega was the NASA Director of Operations, Star City, Russia responsible for managing NASA activities at Star City. These activities involved building an organization and infrastructure to support astronaut and cosmonaut mission and he also participated in training on Russian Space Systems and was the first American to train in the Russian EVA suit in their underwater facility. A veteran of two flights, Sega logged over 420 hours in space. STS-60 was the first joint United States/Russian Space Shuttle mission, launched on February 3,1994, STS-60 was the second flight of the Space Habitation Module-2, and the first flight of the Wake Shield Facility. During the 8-day flight, the crew of Discovery conducted a variety of biological, materials science, earth observation. Following 130 orbits of the Earth in 3,439,705 miles, STS-60 landed at Kennedy Space Center, Florida, with the completion of his first space flight, Sega logged 8 days,7 hours,9 minutes in space. STS-76, the third docking mission to the Russian space station Mir, launched at night on March 22,1996, with a crew of six aboard Atlantis. Following rendezvous and docking with Mir, a NASA Astronaut transferred to Mir for a stay to begin a continuous presence of U. S. astronauts aboard Mir for the next two years. Sega was the commander for this mission and lead on Biorack. Biorack was used to technology development, fundamental biology, and environment characterization. S. and ESA science, following 144 orbits of the Earth, Atlantis landed with a crew of five at Edwards Air Force Base in California on March 31,1996
27.
Erin C. Conaton
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Erin Cathleen Conaton is a former United States Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and Readiness. She previously served as Under Secretary of the Air Force, Conaton was born in Hackensack, New Jersey. After graduating from Immaculate Heart Academy in the Township of Washington, Bergen County, New Jersey, Conaton was educated at Georgetown University, receiving a B. S. in foreign service in 1992. She spent 1992-93 as a financial analyst at Salomon Brothers in New York City and she spent 1995 as an associate at the Overseas Private Investment Corporation. From 1996 to 1997, she completed an International Security Studies Fellowship at Tufts University, Conaton worked as research staff director and research associate for the US Commission on National Security/21st Century from 1998 to 2001. From 2001 to 2005, she was a member of the staff of the United States House Committee on Armed Services. In 2005, she became the Armed Service Committees Minority Staff Director, holding that position until 2007, Conaton was confirmed by the Senate on March 4,2010, and sworn into office on March 15. She was also responsible for overseeing the state of military readiness. On December 31,2012, Conaton resigned her position as Under Secretary of Defense for Personnel and she had been on medical leave since October. In her letter to her staff she said, I believe this is a moment for me to return to private life and to continue to contribute to our national security from outside government. ”Profile from the United States Department of the Air Force Profile from the Department of Defense Office of Personnel
28.
Jamie M. Morin
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Jamie Michael Morin is a senior official in the United States Department of Defense. He was a private sector economist and research consultant before earning a Doctorate degree in science from Yale University. He then served as a staff member on the United States Senate Committee on the Budget. Morin is currently Director of Cost Assessment and Program Evaluation at the Department of Defense, previously, he was Assistant Secretary of the Air Force, and served concurrently as Acting Under Secretary of the Air Force from 3 July 2012 to 28 April 2013. Morin is a native of Detroit, Michigan and a graduate of the University of Detroit Jesuit High School & Academy and he attended Georgetown Universitys School of Foreign Service, graduating cum laude in 1996. In 1998, Morin earned a Masters degree with distinction in Public Administration, in 2003 he received a doctorate in political science from Yale University. His dissertation addressed the political aspects of United States defense priorities in the post-Cold War environment, in 1995 Morin joined J. E. Austin Associates as a research assistant. He continued with the firm until 2001, serving first as an associate, then an economist. During his tenure at J. E. Austin he worked with private firms and international development agencies on development projects in Africa, Asia. In 2001 Morin was selected as a fellow at the Center for Strategic and Budgetary Assessments in Washington. In 2002 Morin became a fellow at the University of Virginia’s Miller Center for Public Affairs in Charlottesville. At the University of Virginia he studied national defense policy and lectured on government policy in undergraduate and graduate courses, in 2003 Morin became senior defense analyst for the United States Senate Committee on the Budget. He also served as the security advisor to the committee chairman. Following the 2008 Presidential election, Morin served as a policy adviser on President Barack Obamas transition team. On 11 May 2009, President Obama nominated Morin to be Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management, on 19 June the United States Senate confirmed him as the 21st Assistant Secretary of the Air Force for Financial Management and Comptroller. Morin was 34 years old at the time of his appointment, as the Air Force’s chief financial officer, Morin was responsible for managing an annual budget of $160 billion. He supported professional training and education programs that help financial managers produce better budget projections, Morin directed cost estimating and economic analysis programs through the Air Force Cost Analysis Agency. He was also responsible for the Air Force Financial Services Center, in his role as Assistant Secretary, Morin emphasized the need to take care of America’s Airmen
29.
Eric Fanning
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Eric Kenneth Fanning was the United States Secretary of the Army, nominated by President Barack Obama on November 3,2015, and confirmed by the United States Senate on May 17,2016. Fanning was the 22nd Secretary of the Army, the largest service branch of the U. S. military, and he spent most of the preceding 25 years in government service. He worked as a Congressional staffer and consultant before joining the U. S. Department of Defense, where he held Army, Navy, and Air Force positions. Born on July 2,1968, and raised in Kalamazoo, Michigan and he received his B. A. in history from Dartmouth College in 1990. His interest in government and politics began when he participated in the 1988 New Hampshire primary contest, in the 1990s, he was on the staff of the House Armed Services Committee and later a special assistant in the Immediate Office of the Secretary of Defense. He later served as director of political affairs at the White House. He also worked at Business Executives for National Security, a Washington, D. C. –based think-tank and at Robinson, Lerer & Montgomery and he served as deputy undersecretary and deputy chief management officer for the Department of the Navy beginning in July 2009. He was also deputy director of the Commission on the Prevention of Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation, President Obama nominated him to be Under Secretary of the Air Force on August 1,2012. He testified before the Senate Armed Services Committee on February 28,2013, the U. S. Senate confirmed him on April 18,2013. He assumed the position of Acting Secretary of the Air Force upon the resignation of Michael Donley on June 21,2013 and he served as Acting Secretary of the Air Force from June 21 to December 20,2013, making him the second longest-tenured Acting Secretary. In March 2015, Fanning was named assistant to the Secretary. Fanning was appointed Acting Under Secretary of the Army and Chief Management Officer by President Obama on June 30,2015. On September 18,2015, the White House announced that President Barack Obama would nominate Fanning as United States Secretary of the Army, Fanning left that position on January 11,2016, to concentrate on his confirmation, being succeeded in the temporary position by Patrick Murphy. Senators John McCain, chair of the Armed Services Committee, and that is not the appropriate use of senatorial privilege. He will be a tremendous leader, the United States Senate confirmed Fannings nomination that day on a unanimous voice vote. Fanning became the 22nd Secretary of the Army, the largest service branch of the U. S. military, following Senate approval, Fanning thanked his boyfriend Ben Masri-Cohen for his patience at home during the confirmation process. With this appointment he became the highest ranking openly gay member of the Department of Defense and he was a member of the Gay & Lesbian Victory Fund from 2004 to 2007. He favors the adoption by the U. S. military of a policy prohibiting discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation and he has said, I personally like to see these things in writing and codified
30.
United States Air Force
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The United States Air Force is the aerial warfare service branch of the United States Armed Forces and one of the seven American uniformed services. Initially part of the United States Army, the USAF was formed as a branch of the military on 18 September 1947 under the National Security Act of 1947. It is the most recent branch of the U. S. military to be formed, the U. S. Air Force is a military service organized within the Department of the Air Force, one of the three military departments of the Department of Defense. The Air Force is headed by the civilian Secretary of the Air Force, who reports to the Secretary of Defense, the U. S. Air Force provides air support for surface forces and aids in the recovery of troops in the field. As of 2015, the service more than 5,137 military aircraft,406 ICBMs and 63 military satellites. It has a $161 billion budget with 313,242 active duty personnel,141,197 civilian employees,69,200 Air Force Reserve personnel, and 105,500 Air National Guard personnel. According to the National Security Act of 1947, which created the USAF and it shall be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained offensive and defensive air operations. The stated mission of the USAF today is to fly, fight, and win in air, space and we will provide compelling air, space, and cyber capabilities for use by the combatant commanders. We will excel as stewards of all Air Force resources in service to the American people, while providing precise and reliable Global Vigilance, Reach and it should be emphasized that the core functions, by themselves, are not doctrinal constructs. The purpose of Nuclear Deterrence Operations is to operate, maintain, in the event deterrence fails, the US should be able to appropriately respond with nuclear options. Dissuading others from acquiring or proliferating WMD, and the means to deliver them, moreover, different deterrence strategies are required to deter various adversaries, whether they are a nation state, or non-state/transnational actor. Nuclear strike is the ability of forces to rapidly and accurately strike targets which the enemy holds dear in a devastating manner. Should deterrence fail, the President may authorize a precise, tailored response to terminate the conflict at the lowest possible level, post-conflict, regeneration of a credible nuclear deterrent capability will deter further aggression. Finally, the Air Force regularly exercises and evaluates all aspects of operations to ensure high levels of performance. Nuclear surety ensures the safety, security and effectiveness of nuclear operations, the Air Force, in conjunction with other entities within the Departments of Defense or Energy, achieves a high standard of protection through a stringent nuclear surety program. The Air Force continues to pursue safe, secure and effective nuclear weapons consistent with operational requirements, adversaries, allies, and the American people must be highly confident of the Air Forces ability to secure nuclear weapons from accidents, theft, loss, and accidental or unauthorized use. This day-to-day commitment to precise and reliable nuclear operations is the cornerstone of the credibility of the NDO mission, positive nuclear command, control, communications, effective nuclear weapons security, and robust combat support are essential to the overall NDO function. OCA is the method of countering air and missile threats, since it attempts to defeat the enemy closer to its source
31.
Air Staff (United States)
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The Air Staff is one of the Department of the Air Forces two statutorily designated headquarters staffs, the other staff is the Office of the Secretary of the Air Force, also known as the Secretariat. The Air Staff is headed by the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the Air Staff is primarily composed of uniformed U. S. The Air Staff was reorganized in 2006 to be numbered in accordance with the Joint Staff system, for the most part, the Joint Staff numbering system applies to the air staff. For reference, the organization of the Joint Staff follows, Air Force Vice Chief of Staff of the U. S. S. Board members also include the Secretary of the Air Force, the Chief of Staff of the Air Force, the office responds to Combat Air Force and combatant command requirements. The RCO reports to a board of directors comprising the undersecretary of defense for acquisition, technology and logistics, the office is staffed with a variety of functional specialists who form a collaborative melting pot of expertise. The Secretary of the Air Force activated the office 28 April 2003, one of its first projects was to deploy significant upgrades to the Integrated Air Defense System, now operational around the National Capital Region. Currently, RCO is working on the X-37B Orbital Test Vehicle to demonstrate a reliable, reusable, additionally, RCO, in conjunction with MIT Lincoln Lab and other partners, is developing a sensitive airborne receiver system. The system is scheduled for evaluation during the summer of 2009. The RCO Red Team assesses current and future threats to U. S. combat operations by providing independent technical assessments, Joint Chiefs of Staff Organization of the U. S. Air force Countdown to A10 staff Air Force Staff Restructures to Improve Joint Ops, Communication
32.
Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force
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The Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force is a unique non-commissioned rank in the United States Air Force. In this instance, the SEAC would outrank the CMSAF, while the CMSAF is a non-commissioned officer, the billet is protocol equivalent to a lieutenant general. The current Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force is Chief Kaleth O. Wright, on February 17,2017, Chief Kaleth O. Wright succeeded Chief James A. Cody, to become the 18th Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force. On November 1,2004, the CMSAFs rank insignia was updated to include the Great Seal of the United States of America and this puts the insignia in line with those of the Army and Marine Corps which have similar insignia to denote their senior enlisted servicemen. The laurel wreath around the star in the field remained unchanged. The CMSAF wears distinctive collar insignia, traditionally, enlisted airmens collar insignia was silver-colored U. S. within a ring. The CMSAFs collar brass replaced the ring with a silver laurel wreath. The CMSAF also wears a distinctive cap device, enlisted airmens cap device is the Coat of Arms of the United States, surrounded by a ring, all struck from silver-colored metal. Much as with the distinctive collar brass, the ring is replaced with a laurel wreath for the CMSAF. The Sergeant Major of the Army wears an identical cap device, first considered in 1992, the SMAs color has been authorized since 22 March 1999. The Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force colors were authorized in January 2013, the official term of address for the CMSAF is Chief Master Sergeant of the Air Force or Chief
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