1.
Latin
–
Latin is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. The Latin alphabet is derived from the Etruscan and Greek alphabets, Latin was originally spoken in Latium, in the Italian Peninsula. Through the power of the Roman Republic, it became the dominant language, Vulgar Latin developed into the Romance languages, such as Italian, Portuguese, Spanish, French, and Romanian. Latin, Italian and French have contributed many words to the English language, Latin and Ancient Greek roots are used in theology, biology, and medicine. By the late Roman Republic, Old Latin had been standardised into Classical Latin, Vulgar Latin was the colloquial form spoken during the same time and attested in inscriptions and the works of comic playwrights like Plautus and Terence. Late Latin is the language from the 3rd century. Later, Early Modern Latin and Modern Latin evolved, Latin was used as the language of international communication, scholarship, and science until well into the 18th century, when it began to be supplanted by vernaculars. Ecclesiastical Latin remains the language of the Holy See and the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church. Today, many students, scholars and members of the Catholic clergy speak Latin fluently and it is taught in primary, secondary and postsecondary educational institutions around the world. The language has been passed down through various forms, some inscriptions have been published in an internationally agreed, monumental, multivolume series, the Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. Authors and publishers vary, but the format is about the same, volumes detailing inscriptions with a critical apparatus stating the provenance, the reading and interpretation of these inscriptions is the subject matter of the field of epigraphy. The works of several hundred ancient authors who wrote in Latin have survived in whole or in part and they are in part the subject matter of the field of classics. The Cat in the Hat, and a book of fairy tales, additional resources include phrasebooks and resources for rendering everyday phrases and concepts into Latin, such as Meissners Latin Phrasebook. The Latin influence in English has been significant at all stages of its insular development. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, English writers cobbled together huge numbers of new words from Latin and Greek words, dubbed inkhorn terms, as if they had spilled from a pot of ink. Many of these words were used once by the author and then forgotten, many of the most common polysyllabic English words are of Latin origin through the medium of Old French. Romance words make respectively 59%, 20% and 14% of English, German and those figures can rise dramatically when only non-compound and non-derived words are included. Accordingly, Romance words make roughly 35% of the vocabulary of Dutch, Roman engineering had the same effect on scientific terminology as a whole
Latin
–
Latin inscription, in the
Colosseum
Latin
–
Julius Caesar 's
Commentarii de Bello Gallico is one of the most famous classical Latin texts of the Golden Age of Latin. The unvarnished, journalistic style of this
patrician general has long been taught as a model of the urbane Latin officially spoken and written in the floruit of the
Roman republic.
Latin
–
A multi-volume Latin dictionary in the
University Library of Graz
Latin
–
Latin and Ancient Greek Language - Culture - Linguistics at
Duke University in 2014.
2.
Public university
–
A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
Public university
–
Cairo University, the prime indigenous model for Egyptian state universities
Public university
–
Old Merensky Library at
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Public university
–
Sebelas Maret University, one of Indonesia's prominent public universities.
Public university
–
Chulalongkorn University main auditorium in Thailand
3.
Universities in the United Kingdom
–
Universities in the United Kingdom have generally been instituted by Royal Charter, Papal Bull, Act of Parliament or an instrument of government under the Further and Higher Education Act 1992. For new public universities, approval is required from the Privy Council, the exact criteria for University title vary between the four countries of the United Kingdom. These include a number of institutions that feature regularly in the tables of the worlds top universities, such as UCL. The central co-ordinating bodies for universities in the United Kingdom is Universities UK, Universities in Britain date back to the dawn of mediaeval studium generale, with Oxford and Cambridge taking their place among the worlds oldest universities. No other universities were founded in England during this period, opposition from Oxford and Cambridge blocked attempts to establish universities in Northampton. Medical schools in London, though not a university in its own right, were among the first to provide medical teachings in England, in Scotland, St Andrews, Glasgow and Kings College, Aberdeen were founded by Papal Bull. Post-Reformation, these were joined by Edinburgh, Marischal College, Aberdeen, gresham College was, however, established in London in the late 16th century, despite concerns expressed by Cambridge. In Ireland, Trinity College Dublin was founded as the mother of a University by a Royal Charter from Queen Elizabeth, the 18th century saw the establishment of medical schools at Edinburgh and Glasgow universities and at hospitals in London. A number of dissenting academies were also established, but the next attempt to found a university did not come until the Andersonian Institute was established in Glasgow in 1798. The French Revolution and the ensuing Napoleonic wars led to over 40% of universities in Europe closing, from 153 universities in 1789, numbers fell to only 83 in 1815. The next quarter century saw a rebound, with 15 new universities founded, by then, the higher education revolution was well under way. This would, however, have required government support, the opinion of Robert Peel – cabinet minister and MP for Oxford University – was sought, and he advised against proceeding. This period also saw the establishment of Mechanics Institutes in a number of cities, many others would eventually become polytechnics and then, in 1992, universities. Very soon after news of the York scheme broke, Thomas Campbell wrote to The Times proposing a university be founded in London and this would become UCL, founded in 1826 as a joint stock company under the name of London University. This became Kings College London, granted a charter in 1829 –. Neither of the Colleges was residential – a break from the two ancient English universities, although non-residential universities were the norm in Scotland, Cambridge voted to petition the King not to allow the awarding of degrees with the same name as theirs or Oxfords. Then, later in 1831, a plan was announced to found a university in Durham, greys government supported the bill to establish the university, despite it limiting its degrees to Anglicans. Thus the University of Durham was established by Act of Parliament in 1832, in 1836 it pioneered the system of external examiners for its final degree examinations, bringing in Oxford academics to ensure the same standards
Universities in the United Kingdom
–
Trinity College, Cambridge
Universities in the United Kingdom
–
King's College London, one of the founding colleges of
University of London.
4.
Financial endowment
–
A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
Financial endowment
–
Basic investment types
5.
Virginia Bottomley
–
Virginia Hilda Brunette Maxwell Bottomley, Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone, PC, DL is a British Conservative Party politician. She was a Member of Parliament in the House of Commons from 1984 to 2005 and she was raised to the peerage in 2005. She was a member of the Supervisory Board of Akzo Nobel NV from 2000–12, as part of her pro-bono activities, Virginia is Chancellor of the University of Hull. She was a Governor of the London School of Economics for 31 years and she is a member of the UK Advisory Council of the International Chamber of Commerce. She has been Chair of the Board Practice at executive head-hunting firm Odgers Berndtson where she has been since 2000 and her paternal aunt was Labour Greater London Council Member Margaret Jay. She first met Peter Bottomley, her husband, when she was 12 years old. Bottomley was educated at Putney High School, an independent school for girls in Putney in south-west London and she later graduated from the London School of Economics with the degree of Master of Arts. She began her life as a social scientist, researcher for Child Poverty Action Group, social worker, magistrate. She was appointed a member of the Privy Council upon joining John Majors Cabinet as Secretary of State for Health in 1992 and she was the 9th woman in the British cabinet. She then served as Secretary of State for National Heritage from 1995 to 1997, after the 1997 general election, she returned to the backbenches, also become a headhunter at Odgers. She stepped down from the House of Commons when the 2005 general election was called, Bottomley is involved with charitable and academic bodies in addition to business. She was on the founding Council of the University of the Arts and she is also a Council Member of the Ditchley Foundation and was President of Farnham Castle, Centre for International Briefing. From 2000 until May 2012 she has sat on the Supervisory Board of Akzo Nobel and she was a non-executive director of Bupa, a healthcare company. She is on the Advisory Council of the International Chamber of Commerce UK and was for the Judge School of Management, Bottomley has been a trustee and is a fellow of the Industry and Parliament Trust. She was National President of the Abbeyfield Society and a Vice-Patron of Carers and she was a lay canon of Guildford Cathedral, and a Freeman of the City of London. In 2006, she was elected and installed as Chancellor of the University of Hull and she was also appointed a Deputy Lieutenant of Surrey in March of that year and Sheriff of Hull in 2013. Virginia Garnett married Sir Peter Bottomley in 1967, after the birth of their eldest child and they live in Westminster and Milford, Surrey, they have three children, Cecilia, Adela and Joshua and eight grandchildren. Bottomleys family includes many figures in politics and public life and her brother, Christopher Garnett, was the chief executive of train operating company GNER
Virginia Bottomley
–
The Right Honourable The Baroness Bottomley of Nettlestone
PC DL
6.
Susan Lea
–
Professor Susan Lea is a chartered psychologist and academic, and is Vice-Chancellor at the University of Hull. Previously she was Deputy Vice-Chancellor at the University of Greenwich, Lea attended the University of Cape Town where she gained a Bachelor of Social Science in 1982, a Bachelor of Arts in 1984 and a Master of Arts in 1986. In 1995 she received her Doctor of Philosophy from Loughborough University on South African Racial Discourse, Lea trained as a community psychologist at the University of Cape Town. While at Plymouth University she was Acting Dean of the Health Faculty, Associate Dean of the Health Faculty, Lea joined the University of Greenwich in April 2015 as Deputy Vice-Chancellor with responsibility for academic strategy including all aspects of quality, standards and enhancement. This involves working with police, NHS staff and academics
Susan Lea
–
King's College portrait, 2013
7.
Lord President of the Council
–
The Lord President of the Council is the fourth of the Great Officers of State of the United Kingdom, ranking beneath the Lord High Treasurer and above the Lord Privy Seal. The Lord President usually attends and is responsible of presiding over meetings of the Privy Council, in the modern era, the holder is by convention always a member of one of the houses of Parliament and the office is a Cabinet post. The Lord President is currently David Lidington as of 14 July 2016, the Privy Council meets once a month, wherever the Sovereign may be residing at the time, to give formal approval to Orders in Council. Only a few Privy Counsellors need attend such meetings, and only invited to do so at the Governments request. As the duties of the Lord President are not onerous, the post has often given to a government minister whose responsibilities are not department-specific. In recent years it has been most typical for the Lord President to also serve as Leader of the House of Commons or Leader of the House of Lords. Before the change of government in 2010, the Lord President was Peter Mandelson, examples of this practice are the meetings in New Zealand in 1990 and 1995, when Geoffrey Palmer and James Bolger respectively were acting Lords President. In the 19th century, the Lord President was generally the cabinet responsible for the education system. This role was gradually scaled back in the late 19th and early 20th centuries but remnants of it remain, a particularly vital role was played by the Lord President of the Council during the Second World War. The Lord President served as chairman of the Lord Presidents Committee and this committee acted as a central clearing house for dealing with the countrys economic problems. This was vital to the running of the British war economy. Winston Churchill, clearly believing that this wartime co-ordinating role was beneficial, introduced a similar, the so-called overlord ministers included Frederick Leathers as Secretary of State for the Co-ordination of Transport, Fuel and Power and Frederick Marquis, 1st Baron Woolton as Lord President. Wooltons job was to co-ordinate the then separate ministries of agriculture, the Lord President has no role in the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. Privy Council Office Vice-President of the Executive Council President of the Queens Privy Council for Canada Sinecure
Lord President of the Council
–
Incumbent
Chris Grayling since 8 May 2015
Lord President of the Council
–
Spencer Cavendish, 8th Duke of Devonshire
Lord President of the Council
–
Charles Vane-Tempest-Stewart, 6th Marquess of Londonderry
Lord President of the Council
–
Robert Crewe-Milnes, 1st Marquess of Crewe
8.
Postgraduate education
–
In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
Postgraduate education
–
The enrollment of some students in the
University of Bologna.
9.
Kingston upon Hull
–
Kingston upon Hull, usually abbreviated to Hull, is a city and unitary authority in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. It lies upon the River Hull at its confluence with the Humber estuary,25 miles inland from the North Sea, the town of Hull was founded late in the 12th century. The monks of Meaux Abbey needed a port where the wool from their estates could be exported and they chose a place at the confluence of the rivers Hull and Humber to build a quay. The exact year the town was founded is not known but it was first mentioned in 1193, renamed Kings-town upon Hull by King Edward I in 1299, Hull has been a market town, military supply port, trading hub, fishing and whaling centre and industrial metropolis. Hull was a theatre of battle in the English Civil Wars. Its 18th century Member of Parliament, William Wilberforce, took a prominent part in the abolition of the trade in Britain. The city is unique in the UK in having had a municipally owned telephone system from 1902, sporting cream, not red, telephone boxes. After suffering heavy damage in the Second World War, Hull weathered a period of decline, gaining unfavourable results on measures of social deprivation, education. In the early 21st century spending boom before the late 2000s recession the city saw large amounts of new retail, commercial, housing, tourist attractions include the historic Old Town and Museum Quarter, Hull Marina and The Deep, a city landmark. The redevelopment of one of Hulls main thoroughfares, Ferensway, included the opening of St Stephens Hull, spectator sports include Premier League football and Super League Rugby. The KCOM Stadium houses Hull City football club and Hull F. C. rugby club, Hull is also home to the English Premier Ice Hockey League Hull Pirates. The University of Hull was founded in 1927 and now more than 16,000 students. It is ranked among the best in the Yorkshire and the Humber region and located in the leafy Newland suburb, in 2013, it was announced that Hull would be the 2017 UK City of Culture. In 2015 it was announced that the Ferens Art Gallery will be hosting the annual art prize. The prize is held outside London every other year, Kingston upon Hull stands on the north bank of the Humber estuary at the mouth of its tributary, the River Hull. The valley of the River Hull has been inhabited since the early Neolithic period, the area was attractive to people because it gave access to a prosperous hinterland and navigable rivers but the site was poor, being remote, low-lying and with no fresh water. It was originally a part of the hamlet of Myton. The name is thought to either from a Scandinavian word Vik meaning inlet or from the Saxon Wic meaning dwelling place or refuge
Kingston upon Hull
–
Hull skyline from Princes Quay car park
Kingston upon Hull
–
Hull in 1866
Kingston upon Hull
–
The Guildhall
Kingston upon Hull
–
Panorama of Hull from further along the north bank of the
Humber near
Paull, with the
Yorkshire Wolds rising behind the city
10.
Geographic coordinate system
–
A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
Geographic coordinate system
–
Longitude lines are perpendicular and latitude lines are parallel to the equator.
11.
Turquoise (color)
–
Turquoise /ˈtɜːrkɔɪz/ or /ˈtɜːrkwɔɪz/ is the name of a bluish-green color, based on the gem of the same name. The word turquoise comes from the French for Turkish, as the gem was originally imported from Turkey, the first recorded use of turquoise as a color name in English was in 1573. It is, generally thought to consist of 70% blue and 30% green, the X11 color named turquoise is displayed on the right. Turquoise is an opaque, blue-to-green mineral that is a phosphate of copper and aluminium. It is rare and valuable in finer grades and has been prized as a gem, in many cultures of the Old and New Worlds, this gemstone has been esteemed for thousands of years as a holy stone, a bringer of good fortune or a talisman. The oldest evidence for this claim was found in ancient Egypt, in the ancient Persian Empire, the sky-blue gemstones were earlier worn round the neck or wrist as protection against unnatural death. If they changed color, the wearer was thought to have reason to fear the approach of doom, meanwhile, it has been discovered that turquoise can change color. The change can be caused by light, or by a chemical reaction brought about by cosmetics, Turquoise is a stone and color that is strongly associated with the domes and interiors of large mosques in Iran, Central Asia and Russia. The color Celeste is a sky bluish turquoise, light Turquoise is a lighter tone of turquoise. Turquoise blue is a close to turquoise on the color wheel. The first recorded use of blue as a color name in English was in 1900. Turquoise association of Iran is developer center of Iranian turquoise all of the world and this association started their work as the only authentic representative and exporter of precious Persian Turquoise since 1998 and now our honor is getting more and more well-thought-of in market. At right is displayed the web color medium turquoise, at right is displayed the web color dark turquoise. At right is displayed the color pearl mystic turquoise
Turquoise (color)
–
The
turquoise gemstone is the namesake for the color.
Turquoise (color)
–
Bibi-Khanym Mosque with turquoise domes in
Bukhara,
Uzbekistan
Turquoise (color)
–
Medium Turquoise green bed sheets
12.
Public research university
–
A public university is a university that is predominantly funded by public means through a national or subnational government, as opposed to private universities. Whether a national university is considered public varies from one country to another, in Egypt, Al-Azhar University opened in 975 AD as the second oldest university in the world. In Nigeria Public Universities can be established by both the Federal Government and by State Governments, students are enrolled after completing the 8-4-4 system of education and attaining a mark of C+ or above. They are also eligible for a low interest loan from the Higher Education Loan Board and they are expected to pay back the loan after completing higher education. South Africa has 23 public tertiary institutions, either categorised as a traditional university or a comprehensive university. Almost entire national universities in Brunei are public universities and these are major universities in Brunei, University of Brunei Darussalam Brunei Technological University Sultan Sharif Ali Islamic University There are 40 public universities in Bangladesh. The University Grant Commission is the body for all the public universities in Bangladesh. The universities do not deal directly with the government, but with the University Grants Commission, recently many private universities are established under the Private University Act of 1992. In mainland China, nearly all universities and research institutions are public and currently, the public universities are usually run by the provincial governments, there are also circumstances where the municipal governments administer the universities. Some public universities are national, which are administered by the central government. Private undergraduate colleges do exist, which are vocational colleges sponsored by private enterprises. The majority of universities are not entitled to award bachelors degrees. Public universities usually enjoy higher reputation domestically, eight institutions are funded by the University Grants Committee. The Academy for Performing Arts also receives funding from the government, the Open University of Hong Kong is also a public university, but it is largely self-financed. The Shue Yan University is the private institution with the status of a university. There are public and private institutes in Indonesia. The government provide public universities, institutes, high schools and academies in each province, the private educational institution usually provided by religious organizations, public organizations, and some big companies. In India, most universities and nearly all research institutions are public, There are some private undergraduate colleges, mostly engineering schools, but a majority of these are affiliated to public universities
Public research university
–
Cairo University, the prime indigenous model for Egyptian state universities
Public research university
–
Old Merensky Library at
University of Pretoria, South Africa
Public research university
–
Sebelas Maret University, one of Indonesia's prominent public universities.
Public research university
–
Chulalongkorn University main auditorium in Thailand
13.
East Riding of Yorkshire
–
The East Riding of Yorkshire, or simply East Yorkshire, is a ceremonial county of England. It is located in the region of Yorkshire and the Humber, the modern East Riding of Yorkshire, was formed in 1996 from the northern part of the non-metropolitan county of Humberside. The East Riding of Yorkshire may also refer to the riding of Yorkshire. The historic riding covered an area than the modern county, it included some areas now in North Yorkshire, but did not include the area of Goole. At the 2011 Census the Unitary Authority population was 334,179, the landscape consists of a crescent of low chalk hills, the Yorkshire Wolds, surrounded by the low-lying fertile plains of Holderness and the Vale of York. The Humber Estuary and North Sea mark its southern and eastern limits, archaeological investigations have revealed artefacts and structures from all historical periods since the last ice age. There are few settlements and no industrial centres. The area is administered from the ancient market and ecclesiastical town of Beverley, Christianity is the religion with the largest following in the area and there is a higher than average percentage of retired people in residence. The economy is based on agriculture and this, along with tourism, has contributed to the rural. These aspects are also reflected in the places of interest to visitors and major landmarks, which include buildings, nature reserves. The open and maritime aspects and lack of urban developments have also led to the county being allocated relatively high targets for the generation of energy from renewable sources. Bishop Burton is the site of a college, and Hull provides the regions only university. On the southern border, close to Hull, the Humber Bridge spans the Humber Estuary to enable the A15 to link Hessle with Barton-upon-Humber in North Lincolnshire. When the last glacial period ended, the hunter gatherers of the Palaeolithic period followed the herds across the land between continental Europe and Britain. Until about 6,000 BC, Mesolithic people appear to have exploited their environment as they found it, as communities came to rely on a smaller territorial range and as population levels increased, attempts began to be made to modify or control the natural world. In the Great Wold Valley, pollen samples of Mesolithic date indicate that the forest cover in the area was being disturbed and altered by man, the Yorkshire Wolds became a major focus for human settlement during the Neolithic period as they had a wide range of natural resources. The oldest monuments found on the Wolds are the Neolithic long barrows, two earthen long barrows in the region are found at Fordon, on Willerby Wold, and at Kilham, both of which have radiocarbon dates of around 3700 BC. From around 2000 to 800 BC, the people of the Bronze Age built the 1,400 Bronze Age round barrows that are known to exist on the Yorkshire Wolds and these are found both in isolation and grouped together to form cemeteries
East Riding of Yorkshire
–
Flag
East Riding of Yorkshire
–
Solid geology of the East Riding
East Riding of Yorkshire
–
The chalk cliffs at Flamborough Head
East Riding of Yorkshire
–
Skidby Windmill is surrounded by fertile agricultural land typical of the East Riding.
14.
Hull York Medical School
–
The Hull York Medical School is a medical school in England which took its first intake of students in 2003. The early history of education in Hull and York goes back to the three following institutions, Hull Medical School, York Medical Society and the York Medical School. Notable doctors associated with the York school included John Hughlings Jackson, Daniel Hack Tuke, Thomas Laycock, James Atkinson and it is thought that the York school closed in the 1860s. The medical school admits 140 students each year, around 1,000 applied for 2013 entry. Of the successful applicants each year, half are based at the University of Hull, in 2014, HYMS was ranked 20th in the UK by the Guardian University Subject Guide and 27th in the UK by the Complete University Guide 2014. As of 2006 applicants have been required to sit the UKCAT admissions test, information about the test and preparation can be found at UKCAT. The course has had, in the past, a proportion of mature students when compared to other medical courses. The 2005 intake had 44 mature students spread over both Hull and York universities, a number than in most medical schools. Students spend the two years in one at their academic bases. Phase two consists of rotation around York, Hull, Scunthorpe, Grimsby and Scarborough, in the final year of the course, students essentially take on the role of a junior pre-registration house officer and are also able to carry out an elective period overseas. This is a feature in most UK medical curricula. The schools first international students began their studies in September 2006 and this has been praised by the General Medical Council and students alike, who see the vocational nature of the course one of the most exciting parts of their medical education. The course uses clinically orientated subjects, as opposed to medical school subjects which are more abstract science based. Like other medical schools, HYMS also offers the ability to intercalate a BSc degree in subjects, such as anatomy, biology. Students spend five years at HYMS and graduate with an MB BS degree and he co-presented a second series with von Hagens in 2006 called Autopsy, Life and Death. The Hull York Medical School Discussion forum for applicants to Hull York Medical School
Hull York Medical School
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Loxley Building, Hull York Medical School,
University of Hull campus
Hull York Medical School
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Hull York Medical School
15.
University of York
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The University of York is a research-intensive plate glass university located in the city of York, England. Established in 1963, the university has expanded to more than thirty departments and centres. In the 2014 Research Assessment Exercise, York was named as the 14th best research institution in the United Kingdom. The university also places among the top 20 in the country, top 50 universities in Europe, York is described as a genuinely world class institution by The Times and The Sunday Times. In 2012 York joined the Russell Group, which some of the UKs most prestigious universities. Situated to the south-east of the city of York, the university campus is about 200 acres in size, incorporating the York Science Park and its wildlife, campus lakes and greenery are prominent, and the institution also occupies buildings in the city of York. In May 2007 the university was granted permission to build an extension to its main campus, the second campus, known as Heslington East, opened in 2009 and now hosts three colleges and three departments as well as conference spaces, sports village and a business start-up incubator. York is a university and every student is allocated to one of the universitys nine colleges. The ninth college was founded in 2014 and was named Constantine after the Roman emperor Constantine I, there are plans to build two new colleges in the near future. The first petition for the establishment of a university in York was presented to James I in 1617, in 1641 a second petition was drawn up but was not delivered due to the English Civil War in 1642. A third petition was created in 1647 but was rejected by Parliament, in the 1820s there were discussions about the founding of a university in York, but this did not come to fruition due to the founding of Durham University in 1832. In 1903 F. J. Munby and the Yorkshire Philosophical Society, amongst others, oliver Sheldon a director of Rowntrees and co-founder of York Civic Trust, was a driving force behind the campaign to found the university. Morell and the history of the foundations, in 1963 the university opened with 216 undergraduates,14 postgraduates, and 28 academic and administrative staff. The university started with six departments, Economics, Education, English, History, a year later, work began on purpose-built structures on the Heslington Campus, which now forms the main part of the university. Due to the influence of Graeme Moodie, founding head of the Politics Department, students are involved in the governance of the university at all levels, and his model has since been widely adopted. Yorks first two Colleges, Derwent and Langwith were founded in 1965, and were followed by Alcuin and Vanbrugh in 1967, in 1972 this was followed by Wentworth College. The university was noted for its approach to teaching. It was known for its adoption of joint honours degrees which were often very broad such as history
University of York
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The Yorkshire Philosophical society
University of York
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Coat of arms of the University of York
University of York
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Constantine College is the newest college and was founded in 2014.
University of York
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The campus from the air looking south
16.
Hull University Union
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Hull University Union is the students union for the University of Hull in Kingston upon Hull, England. It is run as a separate entity to the university itself. There is a Union Executive Committee chaired by the President, Matt Evans, which consists of six sabbatical officers. Union Council is the major scrutinizing body of Hull University Union, HUU has a presence on both the Hull and Scarborough campuses. On Tuesday 24 May 2016, Hull University Union announced its intention to disaffiliate from the National Union of Students following a referendum where 811 students voted to leave against 476 to stay, HUU is a registered charity and the supervisory body is the Charities Commission. Some changes have come into effect, for example, the trustee structure has already changed. There are now four student trustees, four trustees and all six sabbatical officers are also trustees. The Union Executive Committee structure changed as of 29 June 2010, there will be 6 full-time sabbatical officers. The new UEC is The new Media & Volunteering position is a merger of the duties of the HUSSO Chair. The VP was the editor of Hullfire, but because the workload of the new role is greater, societies were the responsibility of VP, but that has now become part of the remit of VP. Chair ISA was a position that existed, but it was a student voluntary role. As of 07/08 it will still be a student position, and it will be the same with Chair Campaigns. The Chair HUSSO became a role, still with a place on the UEC. Like any student union, there are regulations governing the way it runs, the biggest recent issue regarding these was the change of the unions constitution so it complies with the Charities Act - a bill which expected to have royal assent either this year or the next. The new constitution came into force on 1 August 2007, alongside the constitution, there are also Bye-Laws, Standing Orders and Policies & Procedures. The Bye-Laws and Standing Orders are also going through a period of change, for the likes of Standing Orders and other regulations, they must first pass through the Union Executive Committee and then be discussed and/or ratified by Union Council. In the case of the constitution, it has to go through University Senate. HUU provides a variety of events for all groups of people, one of the biggest events is the End of Year Ball
Hull University Union
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Hull University Union
17.
Brynmor Jones Library
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The Brynmor Jones Library is the main library at the University of Hull. In 1967 it was named after Sir Brynmor Jones who initiated research in the field of Liquid Crystals at Hull and he was the Vice-Chancellor of the University from 1956 to 1972. The new section has views over the Humber with three lifts for student use and a lift for staff. It contains over a million books, plus other reference materials, there are also a large number of open access computers within the library which are connected to the University network. A swipe card is required for access and to take out books, the poet Philip Larkin served as Librarian here for thirty years from 1955 until his death in 1985. BJL website Hull Uni Library on Twitter
Brynmor Jones Library
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BJL Main entrance
18.
Philip Larkin
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Philip Arthur Larkin CH CBE FRSL was an English poet, novelist and librarian. His many honours include the Queens Gold Medal for Poetry and he was offered, but declined, the position of Poet Laureate in 1984, following the death of Sir John Betjeman. After graduating from Oxford in 1943 with a first in English language and literature and it was during the thirty years he worked with distinction as university librarian at the Brynmor Jones Library at the University of Hull that he produced the greater part of his published work. Eric Homberger called him the saddest heart in the post-war supermarket—Larkin himself said that deprivation for him was what daffodils were for Wordsworth, influenced by W. H. Auden, W. B. Yeats, and Thomas Hardy, his poems are highly structured, Larkins public persona was that of the no-nonsense, solitary Englishman who disliked fame and had no patience for the trappings of the public literary life. On 2 December 2016, the 31st anniversary of his death, a floor stone memorial for Larkin was unveiled at Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey. Philip Larkin was born on 9 August 1922 at 2, Poultney Road, Radford, Coventry, the son and younger child of Sydney Larkin, who came from Lichfield. His sister Catherine, known as Kitty, was 10 years older than he was and he introduced his son to the works of Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, James Joyce and above all D. H. Lawrence. His mother was a nervous and passive woman, a kind of defective mechanism. Her ideal is to collapse and to be taken care of, although home life was relatively cold, Larkin enjoyed support from his parents. For example, his passion for jazz was supported by the purchase of a drum kit. From the junior school he progressed to King Henry VIII Senior School and he fared quite poorly when he sat his School Certificate exam at the age of 16. Despite his results, he was allowed to stay on at school, two later he earned distinctions in English and History, and passed the entrance exams for St Johns College, Oxford. Larkin began at Oxford University in October 1940, a year after the outbreak of Second World War, the old upper class traditions of university life had, at least for the time being, faded, and most of the male students were studying for highly truncated degrees. Due to his eyesight, Larkin failed his military medical examination and was able to study for the usual three years. Through his tutorial partner, Norman Iles, he met Kingsley Amis, who encouraged his taste for ridicule and irreverence, Amis, Larkin and other university friends formed a group they dubbed The Seven, meeting to discuss each others poetry, listen to jazz, and drink enthusiastically. During this time he had his first real social interaction with the opposite sex, in 1943 he sat his finals, and, having dedicated much of his time to his own writing, was greatly surprised at being awarded a first-class honours degree. In 1943 Larkin was appointed librarian of the library in Wellington. It was while working there that in early 1944 he met his first girlfriend, Ruth Bowman, in 1945, Ruth went to continue her studies at Kings College London, during one of his visits their friendship developed into a sexual relationship
Philip Larkin
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Larkin's parents' former
Radford council house overlooking a small spinney, once their garden (photo 2008)
Philip Larkin
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Headstone marking Larkin's grave at Cottingham municipal cemetery,
Cottingham,
East Riding of Yorkshire
Philip Larkin
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This second-floor flat overlooking Pearson Park in
Hull was Larkin's rented accommodation from 1956 to 1974 (photo 2008)
Philip Larkin
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105 Newland Park,
Hull, was Larkin's home from 1974 to his death in 1985 (photo 2008)
19.
Philip Larkin Society
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Philip Arthur Larkin CH CBE FRSL was an English poet, novelist and librarian. His many honours include the Queens Gold Medal for Poetry and he was offered, but declined, the position of Poet Laureate in 1984, following the death of Sir John Betjeman. After graduating from Oxford in 1943 with a first in English language and literature and it was during the thirty years he worked with distinction as university librarian at the Brynmor Jones Library at the University of Hull that he produced the greater part of his published work. Eric Homberger called him the saddest heart in the post-war supermarket—Larkin himself said that deprivation for him was what daffodils were for Wordsworth, influenced by W. H. Auden, W. B. Yeats, and Thomas Hardy, his poems are highly structured, Larkins public persona was that of the no-nonsense, solitary Englishman who disliked fame and had no patience for the trappings of the public literary life. On 2 December 2016, the 31st anniversary of his death, a floor stone memorial for Larkin was unveiled at Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey. Philip Larkin was born on 9 August 1922 at 2, Poultney Road, Radford, Coventry, the son and younger child of Sydney Larkin, who came from Lichfield. His sister Catherine, known as Kitty, was 10 years older than he was and he introduced his son to the works of Ezra Pound, T. S. Eliot, James Joyce and above all D. H. Lawrence. His mother was a nervous and passive woman, a kind of defective mechanism. Her ideal is to collapse and to be taken care of, although home life was relatively cold, Larkin enjoyed support from his parents. For example, his passion for jazz was supported by the purchase of a drum kit. From the junior school he progressed to King Henry VIII Senior School and he fared quite poorly when he sat his School Certificate exam at the age of 16. Despite his results, he was allowed to stay on at school, two later he earned distinctions in English and History, and passed the entrance exams for St Johns College, Oxford. Larkin began at Oxford University in October 1940, a year after the outbreak of Second World War, the old upper class traditions of university life had, at least for the time being, faded, and most of the male students were studying for highly truncated degrees. Due to his eyesight, Larkin failed his military medical examination and was able to study for the usual three years. Through his tutorial partner, Norman Iles, he met Kingsley Amis, who encouraged his taste for ridicule and irreverence, Amis, Larkin and other university friends formed a group they dubbed The Seven, meeting to discuss each others poetry, listen to jazz, and drink enthusiastically. During this time he had his first real social interaction with the opposite sex, in 1943 he sat his finals, and, having dedicated much of his time to his own writing, was greatly surprised at being awarded a first-class honours degree. In 1943 Larkin was appointed librarian of the library in Wellington. It was while working there that in early 1944 he met his first girlfriend, Ruth Bowman, in 1945, Ruth went to continue her studies at Kings College London, during one of his visits their friendship developed into a sexual relationship
Philip Larkin Society
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Larkin's parents' former
Radford council house overlooking a small spinney, once their garden (photo 2008)
Philip Larkin Society
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Photograph by
Fay Godwin
Philip Larkin Society
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This second-floor flat overlooking Pearson Park in
Hull was Larkin's rented accommodation from 1956 to 1974 (photo 2008)
Philip Larkin Society
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105 Newland Park,
Hull, was Larkin's home from 1974 to his death in 1985 (photo 2008)
20.
Larkin 25
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Larkin 25 was an arts festival and cultural event in Kingston upon Hull, England, organised to mark the 25th anniversary of the death of the poet and University of Hull librarian, Philip Larkin. Larkin was born in Coventry and lived in Hull while he was librarian at the Brynmor Jones Library from 1955 until his death in 1985. Larkin was a critic for The Daily Telegraph between 1961 and 1971. He lived for much of time in a flat in Pearson Park in Hull near the University. A compilation of Larkins favourite jazz recordings titled Larkins Jazz was released in conjunction with the festival, in June, Sir Tom Courtenay visited the University of Hull to perform a one-man play, Larkin Revisited, and repeated the performance at Hull Truck Theatre in November 2010. A Hull city bus was named Philip Larkin by Sir Andrew Motion in honour of the poet, on 7 October 2010, Poetry on the Buses was launched in Hull and East Yorkshire to coincide with National Poetry Day. Forty of Larkins poems were displayed on East Yorkshire Motor Services vehicles until the end of the festival in December 2010, the centrepiece of the festival was a public art display and trail, Larkin with Toads, launched in the city centre on Saturday 17 July. It consisted of 40 fibre-glass toad sculptures, each painted with a design created by artists and local people inspired by Larkins poems about working life. Examples of the designs included a Larkin toad, a Punk toad, a Tiger Toad, the toads were auctioned for charity at the end of the event, though there were calls to make them a permanent feature. Most of the sculptures have been removed and transported to their new owners, on 26 September 2010 it was reported that the toads had been auctioned for £60,000 though some had hoped their popularity could have made them a permanent feature. The Larkin toad trail covered many locations in the city centre, such as Hull Paragon Interchange, Hull Truck Theatre, there were toads in the St Stephens, Princes Quay and Prospect shopping centres. By late July 2010 the Hull Daily Mail reported that over 30,000 guides had been distributed, during the festival some Larkin toads were vandalised and stolen. A punk toad near Hull Truck Theatre had its mohican hair ripped off, the organisers repaired the damage and made the toads more resilient to vandalism. The Magenta Toad was stolen from Melton and it was later found dumped by the A63 and recovered for repair. A report after the event has suggested that the toad trail brought about £1 million in to the local economy. On the 25th anniversary of his Larkins death, Thursday 2 December 2010, funding for the £100,000 statue was raised during the festival. The unveiling was accompanied by Nathaniel Seamans Fanfare for Larkin, specially composed to mark the occasion, martin Jennings produced the sculpture using photographs from the University of Hulls Larkin Research Centre and researched his poems and biography to get a sense of the man. He worked on the maquette for the casting at his studio in Coombe
Larkin 25
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Larkin 25 – Arts Festival
Larkin 25
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Number 10: representation of Larkin as a toad,
Princes Quay Shopping Centre, Kingston upon Hull
Larkin 25
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Bronze Statue of Phillip Larkin, by sculptor Martin Jennings, at
Hull Paragon Interchange
21.
Andrew Motion
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Sir Andrew Motion FRSL is an English poet, novelist, and biographer, who was Poet Laureate of the United Kingdom from 1999 to 2009. During the period of his laureateship, Motion founded the Poetry Archive, in 2012, he became President of the Campaign to Protect Rural England, taking over from Bill Bryson. Motion was born on 26 October 1952 in London, his mother was Catherine Gillian Bakewell, the family moved to Stisted, near Braintree in Essex, when Motion was 12 years old. Motion went to boarding school from the age of seven joined by his younger brother, most of the boys friends were from the school and when Motion was in the village he spent a lot of time on his own. He began to have an interest and affection for the countryside, when Motion was 17 years old, his mother had a horse riding accident and suffered a serious head injury requiring a life-saving neurosurgery operation. She regained some speech, but she was paralysed and remained in. She died in 1978 and her husband died of cancer in 2006, Motion has said that he wrote to keep his memory of his mother alive and that she was a muse of his work. At University he studied at weekly sessions with W. H. Auden, Motion won the universitys Newdigate Prize and graduated with a first class honours degree. Between 1976 and 1980, Motion taught English at the University of Hull and while there, at age 24, at Hull he met university librarian and poet Philip Larkin. Motion was later appointed as one of Larkins literary executors which would privilege Motions role as his biographer following Larkins death in 1985 and he reports how, as executor, he rescued many of Larkins papers from imminent destruction following his friends death. His 1993 biography of Larkin, which won the Whitbread Prize for Biography, was responsible for bringing about a revision of Larkins reputation. He is now on the faculty at the Johns Hopkins Writing Seminars, Motion was appointed Poet Laureate on 1 May 1999, following the death of Ted Hughes, the previous incumbent. The Nobel Prize-winning Northern Irish poet and translator Seamus Heaney had ruled out for the post. Breaking with the tradition of the retaining the post for life. The yearly stipend of £200 was increased to £5,000 and he wanted to write poems about things in the news, and commissions from people or organisations involved with ordinary life, rather than be seen a courtier. As laureate, he founded the Poetry Archive, an on-line library of historic. Motion remarked that he found some of the attendant to the post of poet laureate difficult and onerous. The appointment of Motion met with criticism from some quarters, as he prepared to stand down from the job, Motion published an article in The Guardian that concluded, To have had 10 years working as laureate has been remarkable
Andrew Motion
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Reading poetry in 2009
Andrew Motion
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Radley College
22.
Poet laureate
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A poet laureate is a poet officially appointed by a government or conferring institution, who is often expected to compose poems for special events and occasions. The Italians Albertino Mussato and Francesco Petrarca were the first to be crowned poets laureate after the classical age, in Britain, the term dates from the appointment of Bernard André by Henry VII of England. In modern times, the title may also be conferred by an organization such as the Poetry Foundation, over a dozen national governments continue the poet laureate tradition. In ancient Greece, the laurel was used to form a crown or wreath of honour for poets and heroes. This custom, first revived in Padua for Albertino Mussato, was followed by Petrarchs own crowning ceremony in the hall of the medieval senatorial palazzo on the Campidoglio on 8 April 1341. As the concept of the laureate has spread, the term laureate has come in English to signify recognition for preeminence or superlative achievement. As a royal degree in rhetoric, poet laureate was awarded at European universities in the Middle Ages, the term might also refer to the holder of such a degree, which recognized skill in rhetoric, grammar and language. The Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate is appointed as an officer of the Library of Parliament, the position alternates between an English and French speaking laureate. Candidates must be able to write in both English and French, have a publication history displaying literary excellence and have written work reflecting Canada. The first laureate was George Bowering, in 2002, in 2004, the title was transferred to Pauline Michel, in 2006 to John Steffler until December 3,2008, to Pierre DesRuisseaux on April 28,2009, and to Fred Wah in December 2011. Michel Pleau was installed in January,2014, Poets Laureate of Dominican Republic include, Pedro Mir. Poets Laureate of Ethiopia include, Tsegaye Gabre-Medhin, Poets Laureate of Nazi Germany include, Hanns Johst from 1935 to 1946. Sripada Krishnamurty Sastry was the first poet laureate of Andhra Pradesh, kannadasan was the poet laureate of Tamil Nadu at the time of his death. Malek o-Shoarā Bahār was the laureate of Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar. He was born in Mashhad in 1884 and was a figure among the modernists. The closest equivalent is the title Saoi held by up to seven members at a time of Aosdána, a body of those engaged in fine arts, literature. Poets awarded the title include Máire Mhac an tSaoi, Anthony Cronin, the unofficial Poet Laureate of Netherlands is Ester Naomi Perquin as Dichter des Vaderlands. The previous laureate was Anne Vegter, gerrit Komrij was the first Dichter des Vaderlands
Poet laureate
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A depiction of
Torquato Tasso from a German encyclopedia, 1905. Note the
laurel crown.
23.
Richard Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce
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Richard Orme Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce, QC, PC, was a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary in the House of Lords from 1964 to 1982. Richard Wilberforce was a great-great-grandson of the famous abolitionist William Wilberforce, and son of Samuel and his mother Katherine was the daughter of Bishop John Sheepshanks. He was born in India and attended Norwich School, Sandroyd School, Winchester College and New College, Oxford and he was called to the Bar in 1932 and became a Queens Counsel in 1954. He was first appointed to the bench in 1961 as a Chancery judge and he is the only England and Wales judge in recent times to have been appointed to the House of Lords straight from the High Court Bench, without serving in the Court of Appeal. His decisions were known for being reserved and cautious and he served as a Law Lord for 18 years. Wilberforce was Chancellor of the University of Hull between 1978 and 1994, hon. Lord Wilberforce The Guardian obituary
Richard Wilberforce, Baron Wilberforce
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The Right Honourable The Lord Wilberforce QC, PC
24.
Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster
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Robert Temple Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster, GCB, CVO, son of the musician Sir Thomas Armstrong, is a British Lord Temporal and former civil servant. He was educated at the Dragon School, Eton College, where he was a Kings Scholar, and Christ Church, Oxford, in a long civil service career, Armstrong worked in several departments, including HM Treasury and the Home Office. From 1970 to 1975 he served as the Principal Private Secretary to the Prime Minister, from 1979 to 1987, he served as Secretary of the Cabinet under Margaret Thatcher. Armstrong was appointed a Companion of the Order of the Bath in 1974, in the 1978 Birthday Honours he was promoted to Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath and to Knight Grand Cross in the 1983 New Year Honours. He was created a peer as Baron Armstrong of Ilminster, of Ashill in the County of Somerset on 26 February 1988. From 1994 to 2006, Lord Armstrong was Chancellor of the University of Hull and he was chairman of the Sir Edward Heath Charitable Foundation until 2013. At the time Wright was a retired high-ranking member of MI5 and was about to publish his book in Australia, the evidence given by Armstrong was widely ridiculed by the British press for its absurd ambiguity and seemly deceptive nature. Wrights lawyer, Malcolm Turnbull, who is now Prime Minister of Australia, was successful in lifting the publication ban. Turnbull described Armstrong as being like Sir Humphrey Appleby from Yes, Minister and said f he is an honest man, then he appears rather like a well-educated mushroom. Armstrong was aware of Sir Peter Hayman’s paedophilia, and since leaving office, has commented “Clearly, I was aware of it at the time but I was not concerned with the personal aspect of it. ”. Armstrong gave Margaret Thatcher what he calls a warning not to sanction Jimmy Savile’s knighthood for charitable work. Armstrong was warned by the security services in 1986 that an MP had ‘a penchant for small boys’, but no action was taken and Armstrong, who refused to name the MP involved, insisted the allegations were just ‘shadows of a rumour’. He said he believed the decision not to investigate the claims was ‘correct at the time’. Armstrong has been portrayed by the actors in film and television productions. Timothy West in the 2004 BBC production of The Alan Clark Diaries. org Record in Parliament at TheyWorkForYou. com Profile at Westminster Parliamentary Record Profile at BBC News Democracy Live
Robert Armstrong, Baron Armstrong of Ilminster
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Sir Warren Fisher
25.
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
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The Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom is a senior member of the Cabinet of the United Kingdom. They do not assume the duties and powers of the Prime Minister in the absence, illness, or death. The Deputy Prime Minister does not automatically succeed the Prime Minister when the latter is incapacitated, the designation of someone to the role of Deputy Prime Minister may provide additional practical status within the cabinet, enabling exercise of de facto, if not de jure, power. The Deputy Prime Minister usually deputises for the Prime Minister at official functions, the post of Deputy Prime Minister is not currently in use, having been left empty since the end of the coalition government following the 2015 UK general election. Many theories exist as to the absence of a formal post of Deputy Prime Minister in Britains uncodified constitution, theoretically the sovereign possesses the unrestricted right to choose someone to form a government following the death, resignation or dismissal of a Prime Minister. However, only two Deputy Prime Ministers have gone on to become Prime Minister, clement Attlee won the 1945 general election and succeeded Winston Churchill after their coalition broke up but only after a two-month interval when Attlee was not a member of the government. Anthony Eden succeeded Churchill as Prime Minister not because he had been Deputy Prime Minister, the Deputy Prime Ministership, where it exists, may bring with it practical influence depending on the status of the holder, rather than the status of the position. Rab Butler held the post in 1962/63 under Harold Macmillan, but was passed over for the premiership in favour of Alec Douglas-Home, during the Heath administration of the 1970s, the title of Deputy Prime Minister was not formally used. However in his Memoirs, Home Secretary Reginald Maudling describes himself as Deputy Prime Minister under Heath from 1970 to his resignation in 1972 over the Poulson affair, William Armstrong, head of the Civil Service, was also called Heaths Deputy Prime Minister. William Whitelaw was Margaret Thatchers deputy from 1979–1988, a post he combined with that of Home Secretary in 1979–83, sir Geoffrey Howe was given the title in 1989, on being removed from the post of Foreign Secretary. He resigned as Deputy Prime Minister in 1990, making a speech that is widely thought to have hastened Thatchers downfall. Thatchers successor John Major did not appoint a Deputy Prime Minister until 1995, in 2001 this superdepartment was split up, with Prescott being given his own Office of the Deputy Prime Minister with fewer specific responsibilities. Following the 2010 general election, which returned a hung parliament, as leader of the smaller of the two parties in the coalition, Nick Clegg was appointed Deputy Prime Minister on the advice of the new Prime Minister, Conservative leader David Cameron. He chose instead to appoint the Chancellor of the Exchequer George Osborne as First Secretary of State - his effective deputy, after the 2016 referendum on European Union membership, Camerons successor as Prime Minister, Theresa May, also did not appoint an individual to the post. She did not appoint a replacement for Osborne as First Secretary of State either, the most recent Deputy Prime Minister Nick Clegg maintained an office at the Cabinet Office headquarters,70 Whitehall, which is linked to 10 Downing Street. Cleggs predecessor, John Prescott, maintained his office at 26 Whitehall. The office is not a single department and as such is part of. Given that there is no office of Deputy Prime Minister, with the position being recreated on a case by case basis
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
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Buildings
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
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United Kingdom
Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
26.
John Prescott
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John Leslie Prescott, Baron Prescott is a British politician who was the Deputy Prime Minister of the United Kingdom from 1997 to 2007. Born in Prestatyn, Wales, he represented Hull East as the Labour member of parliament from 1970 to 2010, in the 1994 leadership election, he stood for both Leader and Deputy Leader of the Labour Party, winning election to the latter office. He was appointed Deputy Prime Minister after Labours victory in the 1997 election, with a brief as Secretary of State for the Environment, Transport. In his youth he failed the 11-Plus entrance examination for school, but went on to graduate from Ruskin College. Prescott also developed a reputation as a key conciliator in the stormy relationship between Prime Minister Tony Blair and Chancellor of the Exchequer Gordon Brown. On 27 June 2007 he resigned as Deputy Prime Minister, coinciding with Blairs resignation as Prime Minister, following an election within the Labour party, he was replaced as Deputy Leader by Harriet Harman. Prescott retired as an MP at the 2010 election, on 8 July 2010, he entered the House of Lords as a life peer with the title Baron Prescott, of Kingston upon Hull in the County of East Yorkshire. Prescott stood as the Labour candidate in the election to be the first Police and Crime Commissioner for Humberside Police, on 21 February 2015, it was announced that Prescott would return to politics as a special adviser to then-Labour leader, Ed Miliband. The son of John Herbert Prescott, a signalman and Labour councillor, and Phyllis. In 2009, he said, Ive always felt very proud of Wales and being Welsh. I was born in Wales, went to school in Wales and its my place of birth, my country. In 2009, John Prescott featured in the BBC Wales programme Coming Home about his Welsh family history, with roots in Prestatyn and he left Wales in 1942 at the age of four and was brought up initially in Brinsworth in South Yorkshire, England. He attended Brinsworth Manor School, where in 1949 he sat, shortly afterwards, his family moved to Upton, Cheshire, and he attended Grange Secondary Modern School in nearby Ellesmere Port. He became a steward and waiter in the Merchant Navy, thus avoiding National Service, working for Cunard, Prescotts time in the Merchant Navy included a cruise from England to New Zealand in 1957. Among the passengers was Sir Anthony Eden, recuperating after his resignation over the Suez Crisis, Prescott reportedly described Eden as a real gentleman. Apart from serving Eden, who stayed in his much of the time, Prescott also won several boxing contests. He married Pauline Tilly Tilston at Upton Church in Chester on 11 November 1961 and he then went to the independent Ruskin College, which specialises in courses for union officials, where he gained a diploma in economics and politics in 1965. In 1968, he obtained a BSc in economics and economic history at the University of Hull, the defeated Conservative challenger was Norman Lamont. Previously, he had attempted to become MP for Southport in 1966, from July 1975 to 1979, he concurrently served as a Member of the European Parliament and Leader of the Labour Group, when its members were nominated by the national Parliaments
John Prescott
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The Right Honourable The Lord Prescott
John Prescott
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John Prescott in May 2007
27.
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)
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The Deputy Leader of the Labour Party is a senior politician in the British Labour Party. The post is held by Tom Watson, who was elected as deputy on 12 September 2015. Unlike other political party leaders, the Labour leader does not have the power to appoint or dismiss his or her deputy, the post is instead elected using the partys electoral college system, it was elected by Labour MPs before 1981. Recently, the office of Deputy Prime Minister has been revived, the previous Labour deputy leader, John Prescott, held this post from 1997 to 2007. However, the deputy leader is essentially a party official and there is no link between the two roles. The former Labour British Prime Minister, Gordon Brown, announced on his election as Labour leader that the newly elected deputy leader, Harriet Harman. Brown subsequently appointed her Leader of the House of Commons in his first cabinet, in the event of a vacancy in the office of leader when the Labour Party is in opposition, the deputy leader automatically becomes temporary leader of the Party until a new leader is elected. To date, the only Deputy Leaders who have gone on to become the leader of the Labour Party are Clement Attlee. Margaret Beckett briefly served as Labour leader following the death of John Smith in 1994. Harriet Harman was leader after Gordon Brown resigned in 2010 and after Ed Miliband resigned in 2015, conversely, John Robert Clynes served as leader prior to becoming Deputy Leader
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)
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Incumbent
Tom Watson MP since 12 September 2015
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)
Deputy Leader of the Labour Party (UK)
28.
Roy Hattersley
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Roy Sydney George Hattersley, Baron Hattersley, PC, FRSL is a British Labour politician, author and journalist from Sheffield. He was MP for Birmingham Sparkbrook for 33 years from 1964 to 1997 and he served as Deputy Leader of the Labour Party from 1983 to 1992. Hattersley was born on 28 December 1932 in Sheffield, West Riding of Yorkshire, England, to Enid Brackenbury and Frederick Hattersley and his mother was a city councillor, and later served as Lord Mayor of Sheffield. Hattersley was a socialist and Labour supporter from his youth, electioneering at the age of 12 for his local MP and city councillors and he won a scholarship to Sheffield City Grammar School and went from there to study at the University of Hull. Having been accepted to read English at the University of Leeds, Hattersley became chairman of the new club and later treasurer, and he went on to chair the National Association of Labour Student Organisations. He also joined the executive of the IUSY, after graduating Hattersley worked briefly for a Sheffield steelworks and then for two years with the Workers Educational Association. He married his first wife Molly, who became a headteacher, in 1956 he was elected to the City Council as Labour representative for Crookesmoor and was, very briefly, a JP. On the Council he spent time as chairman of the Public Works Committee and his aim became a Westminster seat, and he was eventually selected for Labour to stand for election in the Sutton Coldfield constituency but lost to the Conservative Geoffrey Lloyd in 1959. He kept hunting for prospective candidacies, applying for twenty-five seats over three years, in 1963 he was chosen as the prospective parliamentary candidate for the multi-racial Birmingham Sparkbrook constituency and facing a Conservative majority of just under 900. On 16 October 1964 he was elected by a majority of 1,254 votes, at first he was Parliamentary Private Secretary to Margaret Herbison, the Minister for Pensions. His maiden speech was on a housing subsidies bill, still a Gaitskellite, he also joined the 1963 Club. He also wrote his first Endpiece column for The Spectator, despite the support of Roy Jenkins and Tony Crosland he did not gain a ministerial position until 1967, joining Ray Gunter at the Ministry of Labour. He was reportedly disliked by Prime Minister Harold Wilson as a Jenkinsite, the following year he was promoted to Under Secretary in the same ministry, now led by Barbara Castle, and become closely involved in implementing the unpopular Prices and Incomes Act 1966. In 1969 after the fiasco over In Place of Strife he was promoted to deputy to Denis Healey, one of his first jobs, while Healey was hospitalised, was to sign the Army Board Order – putting troops into Northern Ireland. The Labour defeat of 1970 ended six years of Labour government, Hattersley was to hold his seat – often increasing his majority – but for the next twenty-six years as MP he was to spend twenty one in Opposition. He was appointed Deputy Foreign Affairs Spokesman, again under Healey and he also took a Visiting Fellowship to the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard. During this time he became an enthusiastic supporter of the Common Market. For standing by the party Hattersley was appointed Shadow Defence Secretary 1972 to 1973, in the Wilson government of 1974 he was appointed the Minister of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs, and in the 1975 New Year Honours, he was sworn of the Privy Council
Roy Hattersley
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The Right Honourable The Lord Hattersley
FRSL,
PC
