1.
Portland University
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Portland University was a private, Methodist post-secondary school in Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1891 in a split from Willamette University, the closed in 1900. The campus was located in what is now the University Park neighborhood, the original campus building, West Hall, still stands and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. Willamette University chancellor Charles Carroll Stratton founded the Methodist school in Portland in 1891, the school lured away some faculty members and students from Willamette, and even enticed Willamette’s president Thomas Van Scoy to serve as dean. In 1891, the built the Administration Hall that became West Hall. Portland University opened in September 1891 with an enrollment of 256 students the first year and this was the only building on the campus with a nearby general store, Hemstock & Sons, serving as the bookstore. Located at University Park, the school sold plots of property surrounding the campus to raise funds for the school and they had partnered with the Portland Guarantee Company to sell bonds, using the proceeds from the sale to buy 600 acres in what is now North Portland. This venture then deeded 71 acres to the school and sold plots for as much as $550, the location of the campus was on a bluff overlooking the Willamette River, with the river to the west. Much of the area was farmland at the time and local homes served as boarding houses for the students. Due to the remoteness, the school offered to have teachers meet new students at the stop located at University Park for the trek to the school. One impressive home in the area was the university president’s home, courses of study included Latin, science, art, and literature. The school grew to an enrollment of 500 by 1894 and included a department, a school of theology, music and fine arts department. This last division had affiliations around the state with academies including Drain Academy, Lebanon Academy, Ashland Academy, following the Panic of 1893, the school suffered a series of financial setbacks. The panic led to decreased enrollment and a drop off in the sales of the homesites. Bonds for the venture became due in 1896, but the school was unable to make these payments, thus the property reverted to the original owners of the property. Internal disputes and these problems led the school to leave the campus. Other difficulties included a lawsuit in 1898 against the school’s affiliated corporation that sold the plots for the surrounding homes, by 1898, the school had abandoned the University Park campus. Others who served as president of the university were Arthur J. Brown, Portland University finally closed in May 1900 with many of students and faculty reuniting with Willamette University in Salem
2.
Roman Catholic
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The Catholic Church, also known as the Roman Catholic Church or the Universal Church, is the largest Christian church, with more than 1.28 billion members worldwide. As one of the oldest religious institutions in the world, it has played a prominent role in the history, headed by the Bishop of Rome, known as the Pope, the churchs doctrines are summarised in the Nicene Creed and the Apostles Creed. Its central administration is located in Vatican City, enclaved within Rome, the Catholic Church is notable within Western Christianity for its sacred tradition and seven sacraments. It teaches that it is the one church founded by Jesus Christ, that its bishops are the successors of Christs apostles. The Catholic Church maintains that the doctrine on faith and morals that it declares as definitive is infallible. The Latin Church, the Eastern Catholic Churches, as well as such as mendicant orders and enclosed monastic orders. Among the sacraments, the one is the Eucharist, celebrated liturgically in the Mass. The church teaches that through consecration by a priest the sacrificial bread and wine become the body, the Catholic Church practises closed communion, with only baptised members in a state of grace ordinarily permitted to receive the Eucharist. The Virgin Mary is venerated in the Catholic Church as Queen of Heaven and is honoured in numerous Marian devotions. The Catholic Church has influenced Western philosophy, science, art and culture, Catholic spiritual teaching includes spreading the Gospel while Catholic social teaching emphasises support for the sick, the poor and the afflicted through the corporal and spiritual works of mercy. The Catholic Church is the largest non-government provider of education and medical services in the world, from the late 20th century, the Catholic Church has been criticised for its doctrines on sexuality, its refusal to ordain women and its handling of sexual abuse cases. Catholic was first used to describe the church in the early 2nd century, the first known use of the phrase the catholic church occurred in the letter from Saint Ignatius of Antioch to the Smyrnaeans, written about 110 AD. In the Catechetical Discourses of Saint Cyril of Jerusalem, the name Catholic Church was used to distinguish it from other groups that call themselves the church. The use of the adjective Roman to describe the Church as governed especially by the Bishop of Rome became more widespread after the Fall of the Western Roman Empire and into the Early Middle Ages. Catholic Church is the name used in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. The Catholic Church follows an episcopal polity, led by bishops who have received the sacrament of Holy Orders who are given formal jurisdictions of governance within the church. Ultimately leading the entire Catholic Church is the Bishop of Rome, commonly called the pope, in parallel to the diocesan structure are a variety of religious institutes that function autonomously, often subject only to the authority of the pope, though sometimes subject to the local bishop. Most religious institutes only have male or female members but some have both, additionally, lay members aid many liturgical functions during worship services
3.
Congregation of Holy Cross
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The Congregation of Holy Cross or Congregatio a Sancta Cruce is a Catholic congregation of priests and brothers founded in 1837 by Blessed Father Basil Anthony-Marie Moreau, CSC, in Le Mans, France. Father Moreau also founded the Marianites of Holy Cross, now divided into three independent congregations of sisters, the Congregations of women who trace their origins to Father Moreau are the Marianites of Holy Cross, the Sisters of the Holy Cross, and the Sisters of Holy Cross. Basile Antoine-Marie Moreau was born at Laigné-en-Belin, near Le Mans, France, Moreau was raised in a time when the Catholic Church was facing intense pressure and was being stripped of land, resources, and rights. When Moreau decided to enter the priesthood, he was forced to undergo his training in secret for fear that the French government would arrest him. He completed his studies and was ordained for the Diocese of Le Mans in 1821, the French government continued to work for the removal of the Church from the educational system, which left many Catholics without a place to be educated or catechized. It was out of this environment that Fr, Moreau and a fellow priest came forward to form what is now the Congregation of Holy Cross. On July 15,1820 a priest of the Diocese of Le Mans, jacques-Francois Dujarié, brought together a group of zealous men to serve the educational needs of the people in the French countryside. Dujarié named this group the Brothers of St. Joseph, but at the time none of the men were vowed religious, by 1835 this group was well established in the diocese, but Fr. Dujarié was slowing down and they were in need of a new leader, Moreau had formed a similar group, which he called Auxiliary Priests, to serve the educational and evangelization needs of the Diocese of Le Mans. Moreau had met previously and discussed their views on the future of the Church in France, Moreau was just the man he was looking for. With the consent of the bishop, Moreau was given control of the Brothers of St. Joseph on August 31,1835 and he was now the head of two organizations, the Auxiliary Priests and the Brothers of St. Joseph. Moreau made the decision to combine his two communities into one society so that the priests and brothers could share resources and ministries in common. On March 1,1837 the priests and brothers gathered in the Sainte-Croix district of Le Mans to sign the Fundamental Act of Union which legally joined them into one association and this new group took on the name of where they met and became the Association of Holy Cross. Initially Holy Cross was a group and so they primarily served in whatever capacity the bishop asked of them. In 1840 this changed when Fr, Moreau received a request to send a delegation from his society to Algeria with the purpose of establishing schools and a seminary. It was at point that Fr. Moreau shifted the focus of Holy Cross and after the first missionaries left in April 1840 the association took on the identity of a religious institute, Moreau and four others became the first professed religious in the Association of Holy Cross. As part of his plan to form this religious institute, Fr, Moreau also brought together the first group of women who would become the Marianites of Holy Cross
4.
Financial endowment
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A financial endowment is a donation of money or property to a nonprofit organization for the ongoing support of that organization. An endowment may come with stipulations regarding its usage, the total value of an institutions investments is often referred to as the institutions endowment and is typically organized as a public charity, private foundation, or trust. Among the institutions that commonly manage endowments are academic institutions, cultural institutions, service organizations, the earliest endowed chairs were those established by the Roman emperor and Stoic philosopher Marcus Aurelius in Athens in AD176. Aurelius created one endowed chair for each of the schools of philosophy, Platonism, Aristotelianism, Stoicism. Later, similar endowments were set up in other major cities of the Empire. Today, the University of Glasgow has fifteen Regius Professorships, private individuals soon adopted the practice of endowing professorships. Isaac Newton held the Lucasian Chair of Mathematics at Cambridge beginning in 1669, unrestricted endowment can be used in any way the recipient chooses to carry out its mission. Term endowment funds stipulate that all or part of the principal may be expended only after the expiration of a period of time or occurrence of a specified event. Quasi endowment funds must retain the purpose and intent as specified by the donor or source of the original funds, Endowment revenue can be restricted by donors to serve many purposes. Endowed professorships or scholarships restricted to a subject are common. Ignoring the restriction is called invading the endowment, but change of circumstance or financial duress like bankruptcy can preclude carrying out the donors intent. A court can alter the use of restricted endowment under a doctrine called cy-près meaning to find an alternative as near as possible to the donors intent, the restricted/unrestricted distinction focuses on the use of the funds, see quasi-endowment below for a distinction about whether principal can be spent. Academic institutions, such as colleges and universities, will control a endowment fund that finances a portion of the operating or capital requirements of the institution. In addition to an endowment fund, each university may also control a number of restricted endowments that are intended to fund specific areas within the institution. The most common examples are endowed professorships, and endowed scholarships or fellowships, in the United States, the endowment is often integral to the financial health of educational institutions. Alumni or friends of institutions sometimes contribute capital to the endowment, the endowment funding culture is strong in the United States and Canada but less pronounced overseas, with the exceptions of Cambridge and Oxford universities. Endowment funds have also created to support secondary and elementary school districts in several states in the United States. An endowed professorship is a position permanently paid for with the revenue from an endowment fund set up for that purpose
5.
Postgraduate education
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In North America, this level is generally referred to as graduate school. The organization and structure of education varies in different countries. This article outlines the types of courses and of teaching and examination methods. There are two types of degrees studied for at the postgraduate level, academic and vocational degrees. The term degree in this means the moving from one stage or level to another. University studies took six years for a degree and up to twelve additional years for a masters degree or doctorate. The first six years taught the faculty of the arts, which was the study of the seven liberal arts, arithmetic, geometry, astronomy, music theory, grammar, logic, the main emphasis was on logic. Once a Bachelor of Arts degree had been obtained, the student could choose one of three faculties—law, medicine, or theology—in which to pursue masters or doctors degrees. Because theology was thought to be the highest of the subjects, the main significance of the higher, postgraduate degrees was that they licensed the holder to teach. In most countries, the hierarchy of postgraduate degrees is as follows, in Scottish Universities, the Master of Philosophy degree tends to be by research or higher masters degree and the Master of Letters degree tends to be the taught or lower masters degree. In many fields such as social work, or library science in North America. Professional degrees such as the Master of Architecture degree can last to three and a years to satisfy professional requirement to be an architect. Professional degrees such as the Master of Business Administration degree can last up to two years to satisfy the requirement to become a business leader. These are often divided into academic and professional doctorates. An academic doctorate can be awarded as a Doctor of Philosophy degree or as a Doctor of Science degree, a doctorate is the terminal degree in most fields. In the United States, there is distinction between a Doctor of Philosophy degree and a Doctor of Science degree. In the second half of the 19th century, however, US universities began to follow the European model by awarding doctorates, in the UK, an equivalent formation to doctorate is the NVQ5 or QCF8. Most universities award degrees, usually at the postgraduate level
6.
Portland, Oregon
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Portland is a port and the largest city in the U. S. state of Oregon and the seat of Multnomah County. It is in the Willamette Valley region of the Pacific Northwest, at the confluence of the Willamette, the city covers 145 square miles and had an estimated population of 632,309 in 2015, making it the 26th most populous city in the United States. Approximately 2,389,228 people live in the Portland metropolitan statistical area and its Combined Statistical Area ranks 17th with a population of 3,022,178. Roughly 60% of Oregons population resides within the Portland metropolitan area, named after Portland, Maine, the Oregon settlement began to be populated in the 1830s near the end of the Oregon Trail. Its water access provided convenient transportation of goods, and the industry was a major force in the citys early economy. At the turn of the 20th century, the city had a reputation as one of the most dangerous cities in the world. After the citys economy experienced a boom during World War II. Beginning in the 1960s, Portland became noted for its liberal political values, and the city has earned a reputation as a bastion of counterculture. According to a 2009 Pew Research Center study, Portland ranks as the eighth most popular American city, the city operates with a commission-based government guided by a mayor and four commissioners as well as Metro, the only directly elected metropolitan planning organization in the United States. The city government is notable for its planning and investment in public transportation. Its climate is marked by warm, dry summers and cool and this climate is ideal for growing roses, and Portland has been called the City of Roses for over a century. Keep Portland Weird is a slogan for the city. During the prehistoric period, the land that would become Portland was flooded after the collapse of glacial dams from Lake Missoula and these massive floods occurred during the last ice age and filled the Willamette Valley with 300 to 400 feet of water. The Chinook people occupying the land which would become Portland were first documented by Meriwether Lewis, before its European settlement, the Portland Basin of the lower Columbia River and Willamette River valleys had been one of the most densely populated regions on the Pacific Coast. Large numbers of settlers began arriving in the Willamette Valley in the 1830s via the Oregon Trail. In the early 1840s a new settlement began emerging ten miles from the mouth of the Willamette River and this community was initially referred to as Stumptown and The Clearing because of the many trees cut down to allow for its growth. In 1843 William Overton saw potential in the new settlement but lacked the funds to file a land claim. For 25 cents Overton agreed to half of the 640-acre site with Asa Lovejoy of Boston
7.
Oregon
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Oregon is a state in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. Oregon is bordered on the west by the Pacific Ocean, on the north by Washington, on the south by California, on the east by Idaho, the Columbia River delineates much of Oregons northern boundary, and the Snake River delineates much of the eastern boundary. The parallel 42° north delineates the boundary with California and Nevada. Oregon was inhabited by indigenous tribes before Western traders, explorers. An autonomous government was formed in the Oregon Country in 1843 before the Oregon Territory was created in 1848, Oregon became the 33rd state on February 14,1859. Today, at 98,000 square miles, Oregon is the ninth largest and, with a population of 4 million, the capital of Oregon is Salem, the second most populous of its cities, with 164,549 residents. Portland is Oregons most populous city, with 632,309 residents, Portlands metro population of 2,389,228 ranks the 23rd largest metro in the nation. The Willamette Valley in western Oregon is the states most densely populated area, the tall conifers, mainly Douglas fir, along Oregons rainy west coast contrast with the lighter-timbered and fire-prone pine and juniper forests covering portions to the east. Abundant alders in the west fix nitrogen for the conifers, stretching east from central Oregon are semi-arid shrublands, prairies, deserts, steppes, and meadows. At 11,249 feet, Mount Hood is the states highest point, Oregons only national park, Crater Lake National Park, comprises the caldera surrounding Crater Lake, the deepest lake in the United States. The state is home to the single largest organism in the world, Armillaria ostoyae. Because of its landscapes and waterways, Oregons economy is largely powered by various forms of agriculture, fishing. It is also the top timber-producer of the lower 48 states, Technology is another one of the states major economic forces, which began in the 1970s with the establishment of the Silicon Forest and the expansion of Tektronix and Intel. Sportswear company Nike, Inc. headquartered in Beaverton, is the states largest public corporation with a revenue of $30.6 billion. The earliest evidence of the name Oregon has Spanish origins and this chronicle is the first topographical and linguistic source with respect to the place name Oregon. There are also two other sources with Spanish origins such as the name Oregano which grows in the part of the region. Another early use of the name, spelled Ouragon, was in a 1765 petition by Major Robert Rogers to the Kingdom of Great Britain, the term referred to the then-mythical River of the West. By 1778 the spelling had shifted to Oregon, in his 1765 petition, Rogers wrote, The rout. is from the Great Lakes towards the Head of the Mississippi, and from thence to the River called by the Indians Ouragon
8.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
9.
Residential area
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A residential area is a land use in which housing predominates, as opposed to industrial and commercial areas. Housing may vary significantly between, and through, residential areas and these include single-family housing, multi-family residential, or mobile homes. Zoning for residential use may permit some services or work opportunities or may totally exclude business and it may permit high density land use or only permit low density uses. Residential zoning usually includes a smaller FAR than business, commercial or industrial/manufacturing zoning, the area may be large or small. Development patterns may be regulated by restrictive covenants contained in the deeds to the properties in the development, restrictive covenants are not easily changed when the agreement of all property owners is required. The area so restricted may be large or small, residential areas may be subcategorized in the concentric zone model and other schemes of urban geography. Residential development is real estate development for residential purposes, some such developments are called a subdivision, when the land is divided into lots with houses constructed on each lot. Such developments became common during the nineteenth century, particularly in the form of streetcar suburbs. In previous centuries, residential development was mainly of two kinds, rich people bought a townlot, hired an architect and/or contractor, and built a bespoke / customized house or mansion for their family. Poor urban people lived in shantytowns or in tenements built for rental, single-family houses were seldom built on speculation, that is for future sale to residents not yet identified. When cities and the class expanded greatly and mortgage loans became commonplace. Its large-scale practitioners disliked the term property speculator and coined the new residential development for their activity. Entire farms and ranches were subdivided and developed, often one individual or company controlling all aspects of entitlement, land development, infrastructure. Communities like Levittown, Long Island or Lakewood south of Los Angeles saw new homes sold at unprecedented rates—more than one a day. Many techniques which had made the automobile affordable made housing affordable, standardization of design and small, repetitive tasks, advertising. Mass production resulted in a similar uniformity of product, and a comfortable lifestyle than cramped apartments in the cities. With the advent of government-backed mortgages, it could actually be cheaper to own a house in a new residential development than to rent, as with other products, continual refinements appeared. Curving streets, greenbelt parks, neighborhood pools, and community entry monumentation appeared, diverse floor plans with differing room counts, and multiple elevations appeared
10.
NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
11.
West Coast Conference
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The West Coast Conference is a collegiate athletic conference affiliated in NCAA Division I consisting of ten member schools across the states of California, Oregon, Utah and Washington. All of the current members are private, faith-based institutions, seven members are Catholic Church affiliates, with four of these schools being Jesuit institutions. Pepperdine is an affiliate of the Churches of Christ, Brigham Young University is an affiliate of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. The conferences newest member, the University of the Pacific, is affiliated with the United Methodist Church, during the massive upheaval of conference affiliations in the 1990s, the WCC remained very stable. Before the 2010 realignment that eventually led to Brigham Young joining the conference, the last change of membership was in 1980, at the time, only the Ivy League and Pac-10 had remained unchanged for a longer period. The league was chartered by five northern California institutions, four from the Bay Area and one, Pacific and it began as the California Basketball Association, playing its first game on January 2,1953. After two seasons under that name, the conference expanded to include Los Angeles-area schools Loyola and Pepperdine in 1955, after more than three decades as the WCAC, the name was shortened in the summer of 1989, dropping the word Athletic. The WCC participates at the NCAA Division I level and is considered to be one of the better mid-major conferences in the country, the conference sponsors 13 sports but does not include football as one of them. San Diego and Brigham Young are the only schools fielding a football team, the rest have all dropped the sport, some as early as the 1940s, before the conference existed, and one as late as 2003. Historically, the WCCs strongest sports have been soccer and tennis, the conference has also made its presence felt nationally in mens basketball. San Francisco won two national titles in the 1950s with all-time great Bill Russell. Although the WCACs stature declined in the 1960s, San Francisco was reckoned as a basketball power until the early 1980s. Also of note was Loyola Marymounts inspired run to the Elite Eight in 1990 following the death of Hank Gathers during that seasons WCC championship tournament. As San Francisco was from the 1940s to the early 1980s, Gonzaga has gained recognition as a basketball power. In 2016-17, the Bulldogs advanced all the way to the national championship game--the deepest run by a WCC team since San Francisco went to three consecutive Final Fours from 1955 to 1957. Saint Marys has also made marks for the conference as the Gaels appeared in the NCAA Tournament in 2005,2008,2010,2012, and 2013. On May 28,2009, NBA referee Violet Palmer was hired as coordinator of basketball officials for the West Coast Conference and will remain with the NBA. Eventually, with the 2010 realignment opening up new avenues for expansion, the conference decided that it would only seek out private schools, but would not limit its search to faith-based institutions
12.
Portland Pilots
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The Portland Pilots is the nickname for athletics at the University of Portland. The Pilots compete in the West Coast Conference at the NCAA Division I level, the Pilots started to gain attention when Clive Charles began coaching the womens soccer team in 1989. He already had been the mens soccer coach since 1986, and he was replaced by Bill Irwin. The womens soccer team won championships in 2002 and 2005 and were led by numerous national-level players. Additionally, the soccer team has been to the College Cup twice in its history,1988 and 1995. In addition to soccer, UP consistently has one of the top cross country programs in the nation and their mens team, coached by Rob Conner, won their 34th overall West Coast Conference championship in October,2014. The mens team has gone to the NCAA Mens Division I Cross Country Championship a total of seventeen times, the team has finished among the top 10 seven times in its history, placing 7th in 2001,2008, and 2013. In 2014, the Pilots finished 3rd, their highest ever finish, in 2008, David Kinsella finished 4th overall, the highest any Pilot has ever placed individually at the national championships. Numerous other Pilots have earned All-American honors in cross country, including Scott Fauble, Alfred Kipchumba, Trevor Dunbar, Pete Julian, Uli Steidl, Joe Driscoll, Reid Buchanan, and John Moore. Rob Conner also heads the Pilots Indoor and Outdoor Track & Field teams, and has coached 25 All-Americans in distance events ranging from the mile to the 10, 000m run. Several Pilots have competed at the U. S. Olympic Trials under coach Conner, including William Woody Kincaid in the 5, 000m in 2016, the Pilots have had success in other sports as well. The mens basketball team has gone to the NCAA tournament twice and their womens basketball team has gone to the NCAA Tournament four times and the WNIT twice. Their baseball team has gone to the NCAA tournament five times. UP has not fielded a team since 1950. The University of Portland sponsors teams in seven mens and nine womens NCAA sanctioned sports, ^ = The mens and womens track, * = Beach volleyball is a fully sanctioned NCAA sport which had its first national championship in the spring of 2016. All volleyball and basketball games are held in the Chiles Center, the baseball team plays in Joe Etzel Field. The Louisiana-Pacific Tennis Center is home to the tennis teams
13.
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
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The Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities or ACCU is a voluntary association of delegates from Catholic institutions of higher learning. It was founded in 1899 by fifty-three delegates from Catholic colleges across the United States, currently the association includes more than 90% of accredited Catholic institutions of higher learning in the United States as well as over twenty international universities. The president or rector of each participating institution serves as voting representative to the ACCU, there is also collaboration with the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops, the National Catholic Educational Association and various other agencies
14.
Northwest Commission on Colleges and Universities
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It fulfills its mission by establishing accreditation criteria and evaluation procedures by which institutions are reviewed. The Commission oversees regional accreditation for 156 institutions and its decision-making body consists of twenty-six Commissioners who represent the public and the diversity of higher education institutions within the Northwest region. The organization traces its history to 1917 when the Northwest Association of Secondary, in 1974 the association changed its name to the Northwest Association of Schools and Colleges, which included two divisions, one being the Northwest Association of Colleges and Universities. NWCCU handles the accreditation of institutions of education and the Northwest Association of Accredited Schools handles the accreditation of primary and secondary schools. The NWCCU also accredits non-US institutions, capilano University of British Columbia, Canada received accreditation in 2013
15.
University of Notre Dame
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The University of Notre Dame du Lac is a Catholic research university located adjacent to South Bend, Indiana, in the United States. In French, Notre Dame du Lac means Our Lady of the Lake and refers to the patron saint. The main campus covers 1,250 acres in a setting and it contains a number of recognizable landmarks, such as the Golden Dome, the Word of Life mural. The school was founded on November 26,1842, by Father Edward Sorin, CSC, Today, many Holy Cross priests continue to work for the university, including the president of the university. Notre Dame is a large, four-year, highly residential research university, undergraduate students are organized into four colleges, and the Architecture School. The latter is known for teaching New Classical Architecture and for awarding the globally renowned annual Driehaus Architecture Prize, the university offers over 50 foreign study abroad yearlong programs and over 15 summer programs. It maintains a system of libraries, cultural venues, artistic and scientific museums, including the Hesburgh Library and the Snite Museum of Art. Over 80% of the universitys 8,000 undergraduates live on campus in one of 29 single-sex residence halls, each with its own traditions, legacies, events, the university counts approximately 120,000 alumni. The universitys athletic teams are members of the NCAA Division I and are known collectively as the Fighting Irish, other ND sport teams, chiefly in the Atlantic Coast Conference, have accumulated 16 national championships. The Notre Dame Victory March is often regarded as the most famous, started as a small all-male institution in 1842 and charter in 1844, Notre Dame reached international fame at the beginning of the 20th century. Ever since, the University has seen growth, and under the leadership of the next two presidents, Rev. Malloy and Rev. Jenkins, many infrastructure and research expansions have been completed. In 1842, the Bishop of Vincennes, Célestine Guynemer de la Hailandière, offered land to Father Edward Sorin of the Congregation of Holy Cross, on the condition that he build a college in two years. Sorin arrived on the site with eight Holy Cross brothers from France and Ireland on November 26,1842 and he soon erected additional buildings, including the Old College, the first church, and the first main building. They immediately acquired two students and set about building additions to the campus, Notre Dame began as a primary and secondary school, but soon received its official college charter from the Indiana General Assembly on January 15,1844. Under the charter the school is named the University of Notre Dame du Lac. Because the university was only for male students, the female-only Saint Marys College was founded by the Sisters of the Holy Cross near Notre Dame in 1844. The first degrees from the college were awarded in 1849, the university was expanded with new buildings to accommodate more students and faculty. With each new president, new programs were offered and new buildings built to accommodate them
16.
U.S. News & World Report
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U. S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. Founded as a magazine in 1933, U. S. News transitioned to primarily web-based publishing in 2010. The rankings are popular in North America but have drawn criticism from colleges, administrations, and students for their dubious, disparate. The ranking system by U. S. News is usually contrasted with the Washington Monthly, United States News was founded in 1933 by David Lawrence, who also started World Report in 1946. The two magazines covered national and international news separately, but Lawrence merged them into U. S. News & World Report in 1948 and subsequently sold the magazine to his employees. Historically, the magazine tended to be more conservative than its two primary competitors, Time and Newsweek, and focused more on economic, health. It also eschewed sports, entertainment, and celebrity news, important milestones in the early history of the magazine include the introduction of the Washington Whispers column in 1934 and the News You Can Use column in 1952. In 1958, the magazines circulation passed one million and reached two million by 1973. Since 1983, it has become known primarily for its influential ranking and annual reports of colleges and graduate schools, spanning across most fields and its print edition was consistently included in national bestseller lists, augmented by online subscriptions. Additional rankings published by U. S. News & World Report include hospitals, in October 1984, publisher and real estate developer Mortimer B. Zuckerman purchased U. S. News & World Report. Zuckerman is also the owner of the New York Daily News, in 1993, U. S. News & World Report entered the digital world by providing content to CompuServe and in 1995, the website usnews. com was launched. In 2001, the won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online. In 2007, U. S. News & World Report published its first list of the nations best high schools and its ranking methodology includes state test scores and the success of poor and minority students on these exams, and schools performance in Advanced Placement exams. Starting in June 2008, the magazine reduced its frequency in three steps. It switched in June 2008 from weekly to biweekly, in November 2008 it decreased to monthly. In November 2010, it was reported that U. S, moving forward, the publication expressed its plans to focus mainly on research and the provision of relevant information to students pursuing higher education. Its rankings and university guide books are available in print at the majority of bookstores and magazine vendors in the United States, selling millions of copies on an annual basis. In June 2008, citing the overall magazine circulation and advertising, U. S. News & World Report announced that it would become a biweekly publication
17.
University Park, Portland, Oregon
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University Park is a neighborhood in the north section of Portland, Oregon on the east shore of the Willamette River. The neighborhood is home to an 11. 26-acre North Portland park of the same name, University Park was named for its proximity to the former Portland University, a Methodist institution founded in 1891. The church planned to sell individual lots through a realty company in University Park to finance the university, a financial failure for most of its brief existence, the university closed in 1900. After Portland University closed, the land and buildings were purchased by the Archdiocese of Portland in 1901, public transportation was installed, and industry began to develop in the area. As designers of University Park, Methodist Episcopal officials aligned streets along a northeast – southwest axis, church officials also chose street names in remembrance not only of institutions of higher learning but also persons and places important to Methodists of the time. As a result, University Park is a neighborhood without a relationship among streets, therefore
18.
St. Johns, Portland, Oregon
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St. Johns is a neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States, located in North Portland on the tip of the peninsula formed by the confluence of the Willamette River and the Columbia River. It was a separate, incorporated city from 1902 until 1915, St. St. Johns sits north of Cathedral Park, which is home to the only suspension bridge in the Willamette Valley, the St. Johns Bridge. The main business district of St. Johns is around the intersection of Lombard, St. Johns is named in honor of settler James John. He made his journey to the Pacific Northwest from Westport, Missouri in 1841 and his first residence was in Linnton, Oregon before moving across the river no earlier than 1844. Five years after Johns settlement, nearly 12 families laid claim to land in the vicinity, in 1865, John had a portion of his land surveyed and plotted into eight blocks for a townsite. Additional blocks were added in 1870 and 1876, John would often donate small parcels of his land to his friends without means. After his death, James John left his personal property to the township of St. Johns to use to build a public school. It was Johns wish that children of all denominations could study together. John requested that all of his assets be sold off to raise funds for first his burial and funeral, B. O. Severance of Maine erected a saw mill in St. Johns during the late 1860s, making it the first established industry in the townsite. After bankruptcy, the building was sold and converted into a manufacturing plant for the sugar trade. After bags became common for sugar transport, the company was forced out of business. The building was sold, this time to the Central Lumber Company. According to The Oregonian, the first electric sawmill in the United States was constructed in St. Johns by M. B, rankin of the Electric Sawmill company in 1903. After the buildings erection the owners changed hands and production went dormant, the saw itself was a success, but the financiers of the mill failed to keep up a steady output of lumber. In 1902, the Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company built a new line along the harbor, after the railway was completed, several businesses flocked to St. Johns, the first being the Portland Manufacturing Plant. St. Johns was officially recognized as a municipality by the Oregon State Legislature on January 5,1902, early citizens tasked with incorporation of their small town formed a new school district and petitioned the county court for a vote of approval. In 1904, the St. Johns Civic Improvement League was established to help the infant city catch up with the more established sites along the Willamette River, for almost two years after the town was established the streets remained unnamed and houses went unnumbered, making postal service impossible. The electric streetcar line in St. Johns connecting the town to Albina, passengers were forced to board a steam streetcar at Killingsworth and Williams if they wanted to travel to the peninsula
19.
Willamette River
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The Willamette River is a major tributary of the Columbia River, accounting for 12 to 15 percent of the Columbias flow. The Willamettes main stem is 187 miles long, lying entirely in northwestern Oregon in the United States, humans began living in the watershed over 10,000 years ago. There were once many tribal villages along the river and in the area around its mouth on the Columbia. Indigenous peoples lived throughout the reaches of the basin as well. The river was an important transportation route in the 19th century, although Willamette Falls, in the 21st century, major highways follow the river, and roads cross it on more than 50 bridges. Since 1900, more than 15 large dams and many smaller ones have been built in the Willamettes drainage basin, the dams are used primarily to produce hydroelectricity, to maintain reservoirs for recreation, and to prevent flooding. The river and its tributaries support 60 fish species, including species of salmon and trout, this is despite the dams, other alterations. Part of the Willamette Floodplain was established as a National Natural Landmark in 1987, the upper tributaries of the Willamette originate in the mountains south and southeast of Eugene, Oregon. The rivers two most significant course deviations occur at Newberg, where it turns sharply east, and about 18 miles downstream from Newberg, near its mouth north of downtown Portland, the river splits into two channels that flow around Sauvie Island. Used for navigation purposes, these channels are managed by the U. S. federal government. The main channel, which is 40 feet deep and varies in width from 600 to 1,900 feet, the channel forms the primary navigational conduit for Portlands harbor and riverside industrial areas. The smaller Multnomah Channel, a distributary, is 21 miles long, about 600 feet wide and it ends about 14.5 miles further downstream on the Columbia, near St. Helens in Columbia County. Proposals have been made for deepening the Multnomah Channel to 43 feet in conjunction with roughly 103.5 miles of tandem-maintained navigation on the Columbia River, similarly, the river was shortened by 40 percent in the stretch between Harrisburg and Albany. Interstate 5 and three branches of Oregon Route 99 are the two highways that follow the river for its entire length. Significant tributaries from source to mouth include the Middle and Coast forks and the McKenzie, Long Tom, Marys, Calapooia, Santiam, Luckiamute, Yamhill, Molalla, Tualatin, and Clackamas rivers. Beginning at 438 feet above sea level, the main stem descends 428 feet between source and mouth, or about 2.3 feet per mile, the gradient is slightly steeper from the source to Albany than it is from Albany to Oregon City. At Willamette Falls, between West Linn and Oregon City, the river plunges about 40 feet, for the rest of its course, the river is extremely low-gradient and is affected by Pacific Ocean tidal effects from the Columbia. The main stem of the Willamette varies in width from about 330 to 660 feet, the Willamettes flow varies considerably season to season, averaging about 8,200 cubic feet per second in August to more than 79,000 cubic feet per second in December
20.
Methodist Episcopal Church
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The Methodist Episcopal Church was the first Methodist denomination founded in the United States. In the early 19th century, it was the largest Protestant denomination in the U. S, the Methodist Episcopal Church existed from 1784 until 1939, when it merged with the Methodist Episcopal Church, South and the Methodist Protestant Church to form the Methodist Church. In 1968, the Methodist Church merged with the Evangelical United Brethren Church to form the present-day United Methodist Church, the Methodist Episcopal Church originated from the spread of Methodism outside of England to the Thirteen Colonies in the 1760s. Wesley was loyal to the Anglican Church, and he organized his followers into parachurch societies and classes with the goal of promoting spiritual revival within the Church of England, around fifteen or twenty societies formed a circuit. Anywhere from two to four itinerant preachers would be assigned to a circuit on a basis to preach. One itinerant preacher in each circuit would be made the assistant, and he would direct the activities of the itinerant preachers in the circuit. Wesley gave out preaching assignments at an annual conference, in 1773, Wesley appointed Thomas Rankin general assistant, placing him in charge of all the Methodist preachers and societies in America. On July 4,1773, Rankin presided over the first annual conference on American soil at Philadelphia, at that time there were 1,160 Methodists in America led by ten lay preachers. Itinerant Methodist preachers would become known as circuit riders, Methodist societies in America also operated within the Church of England. There were several Anglican priests who supported the work of the Methodists, attending Methodist meetings and these included Charles Pettigrew of North Carolina, Samuel Magaw of Dover and then Philadelphia, and Uzel Ogden of New Jersey. Anglican clergyman Devereux Jarratt was an active supporter, founding Methodist societies in Virginia. The American Revolution severed ties to England and left Americas Anglican Church in disarray, due to the scarcity of Anglican ministers, Methodists in the United States were unable to receive the sacraments of baptism and Holy Communion. Wesleys actions were based in his belief that the order of bishop and priest were one, the founding conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church, known commonly as the Christmas Conference, was held in December 1784 at Lovely Lane Chapel in Baltimore, Maryland. At this conference, Coke ordained Francis Asbury as co-superintendent according to Wesleys wishes, Asbury had been serving as general assistant since Rankin returned to England. The German-born Philip W. Otterbein, who helped found the Church of the United Brethren in Christ. American Methodists, however, preferred non-liturgical worship and The Sunday Service was largely ignored, the conference adopted an organization consisting of superintendents, elders, deacons, traveling preachers, and local preachers. Preachers were licensed to preach but were not ordained and could not administer sacraments, traveling preachers worked full-time in itinerant ministry and were supported financially by the societies they served. Local preachers pursued secular employment but preached on Sundays in their local communities, deacons were preachers authorized by a superintendent to officiate weddings, bury the dead, baptize, and assist the elders in administering the Lords Supper
21.
Panic of 1893
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The Panic of 1893 was a serious economic depression in the United States that began in 1893 and ended in 1897. It deeply affected every sector of the economy, and produced political upheaval that led to the 1896 realigning election, one of the causes for the panic of 1893 can be traced back to Argentina. Investment was encouraged by the Argentine agent bank, Baring Brothers, however, the failure of the 1890 wheat crop and a coup in Buenos Aires ended further investments. As concern for the state of the economy worsened, people rushed to withdraw their money from banks, the credit crunch rippled through the economy. A financial panic in the United Kingdom and a drop in trade in Europe caused foreign investors to sell American stocks to obtain American funds backed by gold. The Populists were a short-lived agrarian-populist political party which appealed politically to wheat farmers in the West and they saw the resulting panic as confirmation that the values of rootless global finance were assailing traditional American values. Historian Hasia Diner notes, Some Populists believed that Jews made up a class of international financiers whose policies had ruined small family farms, Jews, they asserted, owned the banks and promoted the gold standard, the chief sources of their impoverishment. Agrarian radicalism posited the city as antithetical to American values, asserting that Jews were the essence of urban corruption, the Free Silver movement arose, gaining support from farmers and mining interests. People attempted to redeem notes for gold. Ultimately, the limit for the minimum amount of gold in federal reserves was reached. Investments during the time of the panic were heavily financed through bond issues with high interest payments, the National Cordage Company went into receivership as a result of its bankers calling their loans in response to rumors regarding the NCCs financial distress. The company, a manufacturer, had tried to corner the market for imported hemp. As the demand for silver and silver notes fell, the price, holders worried about a loss of face value of bonds and many became worthless. A series of bank failures followed, and the Northern Pacific Railway, the Union Pacific Railroad and this was followed by the bankruptcy of many other companies, in total over 15,000 companies and 500 banks, many of them in the west, failed. According to high estimates, about 17%–19% of the workforce was unemployed at the panics peak, the huge spike in unemployment, combined with the loss of life savings kept in failed banks, meant that a once-secure middle-class could not meet their mortgage obligations. Many walked away from recently built homes as a result, as a result of the panic, stock prices declined. 500 banks closed,15,000 businesses failed, and numerous farms ceased operation, the unemployment rate hit 25% in Pennsylvania, 35% in New York, and 43% in Michigan. Soup kitchens were opened to feed the destitute
22.
East Portland, Oregon
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East Portland was a city in the U. S. state of Oregon that was consolidated into Portland in 1891. In modern usage, the term refers to the portion of present-day Portland that lies east of 82nd Avenue. The city of East Portland was founded on a 640-acre land claim by James B. Stephens in 1846, the city was incorporated in 1871. Stephens platted the land from the Willamette River to East First Street, much of the land east of the river was marshy and crossed by creeks and sloughs, so it was less desirable than Portland river front property on the west side of the Willamette River. Development was difficult and expensive since many streets had to be built on trestles, a few years after Stephens acquired his land, Gideon Tibbetts filed a Donation Land Claim for 640 acres south of what is now Division Street in southeast Portland. Tibbetts founded the first flour mill on the east side of the Willamette, planted extensive orchards and he platted some of this land in the Brooklyn neighborhood, and platted an addition to East Portland. Tibbetts later sold some parcels and his mill to Stephens. The value of East Portland waterfront property skyrocketed in 1869, when the East-Side Oregon Central Railroad connecting East Portland,2, put into service by Henry Villard, and later by the Steel and Morrison bridges. On July 6,1891, the cities of East Portland, Albina and Portland merged as the city of Portland, at the time, the population of East Portland was estimated to be 11,457. In about the year, Ladds Addition, which lay between the Stephens and Tibbetts land claims, was converted from farm land to a residential neighborhood. The term East Portland now refers to the portion of the city east of 82nd Avenue, much of Portlands black and minority population have moved east of 82nd Avenue, as of 2011, in a trend that was expected to continue. In March 2015, a group called East Portland de-Annexation Secession filed a measure with the City of Portland, however, Deborah Scroggin, Portlands election officer, rejected the petition because it did not meet requirements of Section 1 and Article IV of the Oregon Constitution. Collene Swenson, a resident of East Portland, said that she will draft the new initiative, what is left out, here is that the people of East voted down annexation twice. The City of Portland illegally annexed the East County anyway, now they are trying to claim that East County is part of Portland, It is NOT, East Portland Grand Avenue Historic District History of Portland, Oregon History of Oregon Sullivans Gulch History
23.
University of Puget Sound
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The University of Puget Sound is a private liberal arts college located in the North End of Tacoma, Washington, in the United States. It is the national, independent undergraduate liberal arts college in Western Washington. Puget Sound offers Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, Bachelor of Music, Master of Arts in Teaching, Master of Education, Master of Occupational Therapy, the college draws approximately 2,600 students from 44 states and 16 countries. It offers 1,200 courses each year in more than 50 traditional, in 2012 Puget Sound was named one of 40 schools nationwide in the college guide Colleges That Change Lives,40 Schools That Will Change the Way You Think About Colleges. Ties to The United Methodist Church remain, though the college is no longer affiliated with the church. The University of Puget Sound was founded by the Methodist Episcopal Church in 1888 in downtown Tacoma, the idea for a college in Tacoma originated with Charles Henry Fowler, who had previously been the president of Northwestern University. Fowler was in Tacoma for a Methodist conference when he spoke of his vision of a Christian institution of learning in the area, two cities vied for the location of the school, Port Townsend and Tacoma. The committee eventually decided on Tacoma, a charter was drawn up and filed in Olympia on March 17,1888. This date marks the beginning of the school. At this time, the legal title was The Puget Sound University. In September 1890, UPS opened its doors, taking in 88 students, the university also had a financially tumultuous beginning. There was no endowment and the school struggled for funds to pay the professors. It moved locations three times in 13 years and, at one time, the school was merged with Portland University and it opened up a year later back in Tacoma on the 9th and G Street. In 1903, the school was reborn and re-incorporated as a different entity, different trustees, and a different name, the character of the school changed dramatically during the presidency of Edward H. Todd, who worked tirelessly to bring financial and academic stability. During his tenure, the Million Dollar Campaign was started, raising $1,022,723 for buildings, equipment, and endowment. With this money, the campus moved in 1924 to its current location in the residential North End of Tacoma, with five buildings, in 1914 the university was renamed the College of Puget Sound. President R. Franklin Thompson led a massive physical and institutional expansion, in 1960, the universitys name changed from the College of Puget Sound back to the University of Puget Sound, as it is known today. Phillip M. Phibbs presided from 1973 to 1992 and endeavored to change the tone of Puget Sound, in 1980, the university divested its attachment with the Methodist Church, and an independent board of trustees assumed full fiscal responsibility of the university
24.
Alexander Christie (bishop)
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Alexander Christie was an American prelate of the Roman Catholic Church. He served as Bishop of Vancouver Island and Archbishop of Oregon City, Christie was born in the Vermont town of Highgate and later moved with his family to Wisconsin and, after the 1865 end of the Civil War, to the Minnesota city of Austin. He studied at the Grand Seminary of Montreal from 1874 to 1877 and he served as pastor of Sacred Heart Church in Waseca from 1878 until 1890, when he was transferred to the new Church of the Ascension in Minneapolis. From 1894 to 1898, he was pastor of St. Stephens Church in Minneapolis, on March 26,1898, Christie was appointed Bishop of Vancouver Island in British Columbia by Pope Leo XIII. He received his consecration on the following June 29 from Archbishop John Ireland, with Bishop Jean-Baptiste Brondel. Christie was later named Archbishop of Oregon City on March 4,1899, after a steady decline in health, Bishop Christie died, seven weeks before his 77th birthday, and was buried at Mount Calvary Cemetery in Portland
25.
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon
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The Archdiocese of Portland in Oregon is an archdiocese of the Roman Catholic Church in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States. It encompasses the western part of the state of Oregon, from the summit of the Cascades to the Pacific Ocean, the dioceses of the province include Baker, Boise, Helena, and Great Falls-Billings. As published in the 2013 Oregon Catholic Directory, this archdiocese serves 412,725 Catholics, there are 150 diocesan priests,144 religious priests,79 permanent deacons,388 women religious, and 78 religious brothers. The archdiocese has 124 parishes,22 missions,1 seminary,40 elementary schools,10 secondary schools, the origins of the Catholic Church in the Oregon Country derive from a July 3,1834, petition by French Prairie settlers to priests in Canada. In response to this petition, missionary priests, Rev. Francis Xavier Norbert Blanchet, the first Mass was celebrated on January 6,1839 at St. Paul. On December 1,1843, the Vatican established the Vicariate Apostolic of the Oregon Territory with Rev. Msgr, Blanchet as its first Vicar Apostolic. A Vicar Apostolic is a bishop in a territory which has not yet organized as a diocese. The following year, Rev. Pierre-Jean DeSmet, S. J. and fellow priests, on July 24,1846, Pope Pius IX divided the existing vicariate apostolic into three dioceses, Oregon City, Walla Walla, and Vancouver Island. That year St. Paul Church was erected, on July 29,1850, the Diocese of Oregon City was elevated to an archdiocese with Archbishop Blanchet continuing to serve as its first archbishop. Rapid growth in the Pacific Northwest led to the loss of territory of the Archdiocese of Oregon City from which the Vatican created the Vicariate Apostolic of Idaho, in 1870, Catholic Sentinel was founded as the official newspaper of the archdiocese. St. Boniface Church was erected in Sublimity, Oregon in 1889, further territory was lost when the Diocese of Baker City was created on June 19,1903. St. Marys Church in Mount Angel was erected in 1912, following the death of Archbishop Alexander Christie, Edward Daniel Howard was appointed the fifth Archbishop of Oregon City on April 30,1926. His installation took place at St. Marys Cathedral in Portland on August 26 of that year, on September 26,1928, the name of the archdiocese was changed from Oregon City to Portland in Oregon, because there was another diocese called Portland. During his tenure as archbishop, Howard created a chancery in the cathedral rectory and he reorganized the St. Vincent de Paul and Holy Name Societies, fostered the growth of Catholic Charities, and removed the Catholic Sentinel from private ownership. In 1931, Howard led a campaign to repeal local zoning ordinances that prohibited the building of churches. He convened the Fourth Provincial Council of the archdiocese in 1932, in 1939, he founded Central Catholic High School in Portland and was named an Assistant at the Pontifical Throne by Pope Pius XII in 1939. He convened the Fifth Provincial Council of the Archdiocese in 1957, the Archdioceses sexual abuse scandal prompted the archbishop to file for Chapter 11 reorganization on July 6,2004. Portland became the first Catholic diocese to file for bankruptcy, Vlazny described his actions by saying, This is not an effort to avoid responsibility
26.
Waldschmidt Hall
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Waldschmidt Hall is an academic building at the University of Portland in Portland, Oregon, United States. Constructed in 1891 as West Hall, the building was part of the now defunct Portland University located in North Portland overlooking the Willamette River. The Romanesque style structure built of brick and stone stands five stories tall, the hall was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1977 and renovated in 1992, the same year it took the current name. Waldschmidt, the oldest building on campus, now houses the administration offices. Members of the Methodist Episcopal church founded Portland University in 1891 in Portland and that year the university built a five story tall brick building at a cost of $32,500. Named West Hall when it opened, it first was used as a hall, the school’s chapel. Portland University suffered financial problems and had to abandon the campus after defaulting on loans in 1896, the campus and West Hall then became the property of the prior owners. In 1901, Archbishop Alexander Christie purchased the campus and building in a trade of two properties the church owned plus $1 in an effort to start a Catholic affiliated school, in September 1901, Christie opened Columbia University with West Hall as the sole building on campus. A student at the school apparently drowned in the Willamette in 1911 and is believed to haunt the building, the school changed its name to the University of Portland in 1935. West Hall was designated a landmark by Portland in 1970. In 1990, the school embarked on a three renovation project of the structure to bring it up to code and prevent it falling apart. Repairs included fixing sagging walls and floors, as well a retrofitting the building to modern seismic standards. The $5.5 million project utilized the original blueprints and old pictures to maintain the original look, other work included making it accessible to the handicapped, replacing windows, and restoring the hardwood floors. Paid for in part by donations, the project was completed in October 1993. In October 1992, the University of Portland renamed the building as Waldschmidt Hall in honor of former school president, after renovations were completed in 1993, the hall housed the administrative offices of the university, including student services, and some classrooms. On May 1,2001, the United States Postal Service dedicated a commemorative postcard in honor of the university’s 100 anniversary that featured Waldschmidt Hall, part of the Postal Services Historic Preservation series, the computer generated image of the building was created by John Pirman. Frederick Manson White, Richard H. Martin, Jr. mcCaw served as the three original architects for the building. Romanesque in architectural style, he five story structure has stone, brick, the hall was patterned after Harvard University’s Sever Hall and includes a wide, domed entrance
27.
Marylhurst University
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Marylhurst University is a private, nonprofit applied liberal arts and business university located in Marylhurst, Oregon, United States, nine miles south of Portland on the Willamette River. It is among the oldest collegiate degree-granting institutions in Oregon, awarding its first degree in 1897, Marylhurst was founded as St. Marys College and run for many years by the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary. After its establishment in 1893, Marylhurst became the first womens liberal arts college in the Pacific Northwest, the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary, a Roman Catholic religious teaching congregation, arrived in Oregon in 1859. The Sisters came to Oregon from Montreal at the request of the people and clergy of the city to serve their educational needs, in 1893, the group started St. Marys Academy and College as the first liberal arts college to serve the educational needs of Pacific Northwest women. The school began in downtown Portland, Oregon, where St. Marys Academy is still located, the Sisters purchased 63 acres between Lake Oswego and West Linn in 1908. The Sisters named the pastoral land Marylhurst, which means Marys Woods, the college was moved to the new property in 1930, and St. Marys was renamed Marylhurst College. The following year, the received its first accreditation from the Northwest Association of Secondary. In 1959, Marylhurst College became an independent institution and formed a Board of Trustees, separate from the Sisters of the Holy Names of Jesus and Mary. In 1974, the college transitioned to an institution and it became the first liberal arts college in the United States to be designated as a college for lifelong learning. The American Art Therapy Association has reviewed the program positively numerous times including 1991,1996 and 2002, beginning in 1996, US News & World Reports Guide to Americas Best Colleges recognized Marylhurst as the best value in higher education among Western regional colleges and universities. The University has remained in the top tier for the Western Region in the US News & World Report college rankings since the mid-1990s, in 1998, Marylhurst College became Marylhurst University, Clackamas Countys first university. Beginning in 2003, Marylhurst University began being ranked as a Best Value in the 2003 US News & World Report college guide. It was placed among the Best Universities - Masters in US News & World Reports Best Colleges 2005, Marylhurst University was placed among the 50 Best Business Schools in Finance by the Princeton Review in 2008. Judith Johansen was named president of the university in 2008, in October 2009, the Portland Business Journal ranked the Marylhurst MBA #1 in total enrollment having the largest MBA program in Oregon. Marylhurst University offers nearly 50 undergraduate and graduate degree programs, Marylhurst began the Master of Art Therapy program in 1986, the only accredited art therapy program in the Pacific Northwest. In 1990, Marylhurst inaugurated its Master of Business Administration program, in 2002, the University began to offer a BFA in interior design. As of November 2016, Marylhurst offers four online MBA programs, an MBA, an MBA in Healthcare Management, an MBA in Sustainability, the school also offers 12 shorter undergraduate, graduate, post-graduate, teacher endorsement certificate programs. Marylhurst has a dual enrollment agreement with Portland Community College and Clackamas Community College, beyond academics, Marylhurst University is a NW hub for music, art and cultural events featuring flagship events like the Summer on the Green, or the Marylhurst Reading Series
28.
Multnomah College
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Multnomah College, was a two-year, private college located in Portland in the U. S. state of Oregon. Established in 1897 as the Educational Department of the YMCA in downtown Portland, pacific Northwest at the time it was absorbed by the University of Portland in 1969. The college classes started in 1897 at Fourth and Yamhill in Downtown Portland when the YMCA, then led by Harry William Stone, at that time it was known as the Department of Education of the Portland Y. M. C. A. In 1909, the YMCA moved to Sixth and Taylor, as the school needed more space after starting to offer day-time classes as well, the school added electrician classes in 1912, followed by accounting and auto repair before opening an engineering department in 1919. In 1920, the became an institution with degree granting authority. The school then started a college in 1931 before becoming Multnomah College in 1937 for the college portion of the school. All other portions of the school were merged into Multnomah College in 1945. In 1969, the decided to merge into the University of Portland. Prior to the merger into UP, it had an enrollment of 750 full-time students, including 140 from countries outside the United States, taught by a faculty of 50, at that time the schools campus occupied five buildings, including the modern-day Multnomah Building. Multnomahs president, John S. Griffith, became a University of Portland senior vice president under that plan and he remarked to the press that colleges mission had been fulfilled by the development of the community college system throughout the state. The YMCA building was demolished in 1977, historic photos Three 1910 Multnomah v. University of Oregon football photos on University of Oregon Library website
29.
Fulbright Program
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The program was established to increase mutual understanding between the people of the United States and other countries through the exchange of persons, knowledge, and skills. It is one of the most prestigious scholarships in the world, the Fulbright Program provides 8,000 grants annually to undertake graduate study, advanced research, university lecturing, and classroom teaching. The Fulbright Program is administered by cooperating organizations like the Institute of International Education and it operates in over 160 countries around the world. The U. S. Department of States Bureau of Educational and Cultural Affairs sponsors the Fulbright Program from an appropriation from the U. S. Congress. Additional direct and in-kind support comes from governments, foundations, corporations. In each of 49 countries, a bi-national Fulbright Commission administers, in countries without a Fulbright Commission but that have an active program, the Public Affairs Section of the U. S. Embassy oversees the Fulbright Program. More than 360,000 persons have participated in the program since it began, fifty-four Fulbright alumni have won Nobel Prizes, eighty-two have won Pulitzer Prizes. In 1945, Senator J. William Fulbright proposed a bill to use the proceeds from selling surplus U. S. government war property to international exchange between the U. S. and other countries. The bill devised a plan to forgo the debts foreign countries amassed during the war and it was through the belief that this program would be an essential vehicle to promote peace and mutual understanding between individuals, institutions and future leaders wherever they may be. If we do not want to die together in war, we must learn to live together in peace. On August 1,1946, President Harry S. Truman signed the bill into law, since it began, the program has operated on a bi-national basis, each country active in the Fulbright Program has entered into an agreement with the U. S. government. The first countries to sign agreements were Cuba in 1947 and Burma, the Philippines, Educational exchange can turn nations into people, contributing as no other form of communication can to the humanizing of international relations. The Fulbright Program works two ways, U. S. citizens may receive funding to go to a foreign country, citizens may come to the U. S. Fulbright grants are offered in almost all academic disciplines except clinical medical research involving patient contact. Fulbright grantees fields of study span the arts, humanities, social sciences, mathematics, natural and physical sciences. Student Program offers fellowships for U. S. graduating seniors, graduate students, young professionals and artists to research, study, the Fulbright Foreign Student Program enables graduate students, young professionals and artists from abroad to conduct research and study in the United States. Some scholarships are renewed after the year of study. This program is currently on hiatus, the Fulbright-mtvU Fellowships award up to four U. S. students the opportunity to study the power of music as a cultural force abroad. Fellows conduct research for one year on projects of their own design about a chosen musical aspect
30.
SAT
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The SAT is a standardized test widely used for college admissions in the United States. The SAT is owned and published by the College Board, a private and it is developed and administered on behalf of the College Board by the Educational Testing Service. The test is intended to assess students readiness for college, on March 5,2014, the College Board announced that a redesigned version of the SAT would be administered for the first time in 2016. Scores on the SAT range from 400 to 1600, combining test results from two 800-point sections, mathematics, and critical reading and writing. Taking the SAT, or its competitor, the ACT, is required for entry to many. The SAT is typically taken by high school juniors and seniors, the College Board states that the SAT measures literacy and writing skills that are needed for academic success in college. They state that the SAT assesses how well the test takers analyze, however, the test is administered under a tight time limit to help produce a range of scores. Various studies conducted over the lifetime of the SAT show a significant increase in correlation of high school grades. A large independent validity study on the SATs ability to predict college freshman GPA was performed by the University of California, the results of this study found how well various predictor variables could explain the variance in college freshman GPA. When high school GPA and the SAT I were combined, they explained 20. 8% of the variance in college freshman GPA, when high school GPA and the SAT II were combined, they explained 22. 2% of the variance in college freshman GPA. When SAT I was added to the combination of high school GPA and SAT II, SAT scores are intended to supplement the secondary school record and help admission officers put local data—such as course work, grades, and class rank—in a national perspective. However, independent research has shown that high school GPA is better than the SAT at predicting college grades regardless of school type or quality. SAT consists of three sections, Critical Reading, Mathematics, and Writing. Each section receives a score on the scale of 200–800, all scores are multiples of 10. Total scores are calculated by adding up scores of the three sections, each major section is divided into three parts. There are 10 sub-sections, including an additional 25-minute experimental or equating section that may be in any of the three major sections, the experimental section is used to normalize questions for future administrations of the SAT and does not count toward the final score. The test contains 3 hours and 45 minutes of actual timed sections, most administrations run for about four, the questions range from easy, medium, and hard depending on the scoring from the experimental sections. Easier questions typically appear closer to the beginning of the section while harder questions are toward the end in certain sections and this is not true for every section but it is the rule of thumb mainly for math, grammar, and the 19 sentence-completions in the reading sections
31.
Liberal arts education
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Grammar, logic, and rhetoric were the core liberal arts, while arithmetic, geometry, the theory of music, and astronomy also played a part in education. In modern times, liberal arts education term that can be interpreted in different ways and it can refer to academic subjects such as literature, philosophy, mathematics, and social and physical sciences, or it can also refer to overall studies in a liberal arts degree program. For example, Harvard University offers a Bachelor of Arts degree, for both interpretations, the term generally refers to matters not relating to the professional, vocational, or technical curriculum. The four scientific artes – music, arithmetic, geometry and astronomy – were known from the time of Boethius onwards as the Quadrivium. After the 9th century, the three arts of the humanities – grammar, logic, and rhetoric – were classed as well as the Trivium. It was in that form that the seven liberal arts were studied in the medieval Western university. During the Middle Ages, logic gradually came to take predominance over the parts of the Trivium. In the Renaissance, the Italian humanists and their Northern counterparts, despite in many respects continuing the traditions of the Middle Ages, the ideal of a liberal arts, or humanistic education grounded in classical languages and literature, persisted until the middle of the twentieth century. Some subsections of the arts are in the trivium—the verbal arts, grammar, logic, and rhetoric, and in the quadrivium—the numerical arts, arithmetic, geometry, music. Analyzing and interpreting information is also included, the liberal arts education at the secondary school level prepares the student for higher education at a university. They are thus meant for the more academically minded students, in addition to the usual curriculum, students of a liberal arts education often study Latin and Ancient Greek. Some liberal arts education provide general education, others have a specific focus, today, a number of other areas of specialization exist, such as gymnasiums specializing in economics, technology or domestic sciences. In some countries, there is a notion of progymnasium, which is equivalent to beginning classes of the full gymnasium, here, the prefix pro is equivalent to pre. In the United States, liberal arts colleges are schools emphasizing undergraduate study in the liberal arts, in most parts of Europe, liberal arts education is deeply rooted. In Germany, Austria and countries influenced by their education system, the term is not to be mixed up with some modern educational concepts that use a similar wording. Educational institutions that see themselves in that tradition are often a Gymnasium and they aim at providing their pupils with comprehensive education in order to form personality with regard to a pupils own humanity as well as his/her innate intellectual skills. Going back to the tradition of the liberal arts in Europe, education in the above sense was freed from scholastic thinking. In particular, Wilhelm von Humboldt played a key role in that regard, universities encourage students to do so and offer respective opportunities, but do not make such activities part of the universitys curriculum
32.
Gonzaga University
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Gonzaga University /ɡɒnˈzeɪɡə, -ˈzæɡə/ is a private Roman Catholic university in Spokane, Washington, United States. Founded in 1887 by the Society of Jesus, it is one of 28 member institutions of the Association of Jesuit Colleges and Universities and it is named for the young Jesuit saint Aloysius Gonzaga. The campus houses 105 buildings on 152 acres of grassland along the Spokane River, the university was founded by Father Joseph Cataldo, SJ, an Italian-born priest and missionary. He established the Catholic school for local Native Americans whom he served, Gonzagas campus has 105 buildings on 152 acres. The university is home to two large libraries, foley Center Library is Gonzagas main graduate and undergraduate library, opened in 1992. Chastek Law Library primarily serves the Gonzaga University School of Law, the Rosauer School of Education building was completed in 1994. Gonzaga hosts many unique pieces of artwork, many devoted to religious figures. Among the most notable are statues of St. Ignatius, St. Joseph, St. Aloysius, the Jundt Art Center and Museum established in 1995 also features a variety of artwork from differing periods. The spires of St. Aloysius Church are a landmark of the Spokane area, due to an expanding student body, Gonzaga completed construction of a projected $60 million building that serves as the new center of campus. The John J. Hemmingson Center, the new Circulus Omnium Gonzagaorum, the three-story,167, 000-square-foot building features modern architecture and an all-glass exterior. The building was completed for the Fall 2015 semester, the university is also building the Myrtle Woldson Performing Arts Center, including a 750-seat theater. In addition to the campus in Spokane, Washington, Gonzagas virtual campus offers a wide range of higher education degree programs. The 2014–15 operating budget is $246.7 million, with a payroll of $75 million. Gonzaga offers studies in 92 fields and 26 graduate programs, in addition, Gonzaga offers programs in preparation for professional schools in business, education, engineering, dentistry, divinity/theology, law, medicine, nursing and veterinary medicine. Gonzaga also sponsors an Army ROTC program which students to become commissioned officers upon graduation. Additionally, Gonzaga partners with Bishop White Seminary, located next to the campus, the average class size is 23 students, and there are 427 employed faculty, the student/faculty ratio is 11.5,1. Gonzagas admission standards are considered more selective by U. S. News & World Report, for the Class of 2018, Gonzaga received 7,162 applications, accepted 4,835, and enrolled 1,048. For the freshmen who enrolled, the middle 50% range of SAT scores was 540-640 for critical reading and 560-650 for math, the average high school GPA was 3.70
33.
YMCA
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The Young Mens Christian Association is a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams in London and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a body, mind. These three angles are reflected by the different sides of the triangle—part of all YMCA logos, from its inception, it grew rapidly and ultimately became a worldwide movement founded on the principles of Muscular Christianity. YMCAs continue to be religious organisations, many national or local organisations de-emphasise this aspect, the different local YMCAs are voluntarily affiliated through their national organisations. The national organisations in turn are part of both an Area Alliance and the World Alliance of YMCAs, the World Alliances main motto is empowering young people. It was associated with industrialisation and the movement of people to cities to work. The YMCA combined preaching in the streets and the distribution of religious tracts with a social ministry, philanthropists saw them as places for wholesome recreation that would preserve youth from the temptations of alcohol, gambling, and prostitution and that would promote good citizenship. The YMCA was founded by George Williams, a London draper and he and his colleagues were concerned about the lack of healthy activities for young men in major cities, the options available were usually taverns and brothels. By 1851, there were YMCAs in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. In 1855,99 YMCA delegates from Europe and North America met in Paris at the First World Conference of YMCAs and they discussed joining together in a federation to enhance cooperation amongst individual YMCA societies. This marked the beginning of the World Alliance of YMCAs, the conference adopted the Paris Basis, a common mission for all present and future national YMCAs. Its motto was taken from the Bible, That they all may be one, in 1865 The Fourth World Conference of YMCAs, held in Germany, affirmed the importance of developing the whole individual in body, mind, and spirit. The concept of work through sports, a new concept for the time, was also recognised as part of this muscular Christianity. Today the YMCA is more focused on inspiring youths and their families to exercise, in 1878, World Alliance of YMCAs offices were established in Geneva, Switzerland. Later, in 1900, North American YMCAs, in collaboration with the World Alliance, set up centres to work with emigrants in European ports, as millions of people were leaving for the USA. In 1885, Camp Baldhead, the first residential camp in the United States and North America, was established by A. Sanford and Sumner F. Dudley, both of whom worked for the YMCA. The camp, originally located near Orange Lake in New Jersey, moved to Lake Wawayanda in Sussex County the following year, by 1910, the YMCA was an early influence upon scouting, including the Boy Scouts of America and German Scouting. Edgar M. Robinson, a Chicago-area YMCA administrator, briefly left the YMCA to become the BSAs first director, the Blue Ridge Association for Christian Conferences and Training was formed in 1907, and shortly thereafter built the Blue Ridge Assembly conference centre
34.
Pacific Northwest
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The Pacific Northwest, sometimes referred to as Cascadia, is a geographic region in western North America bounded by the Pacific Ocean to the west and loosely, by the Rocky Mountains on the east. Though no agreed boundary exists, a common conception includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington and the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader conceptions reach north into Alaska and Yukon, south into far northern California and east to the Continental Divide, thus including Idaho, Western Montana, narrower conceptions may be limited to the northwestern US or to the coastal areas west of the Cascade and Coast mountains. The variety of definitions can be attributed to partially overlapping commonalities of the history, geography, society. The Northwest Coast is the region of the Pacific Northwest. The term Pacific Northwest should not be confused with the Northwest Territory or the Northwest Territories of Canada. The border — in two sections, along the 49th parallel south of British Columbia and the Alaska Panhandle west of northern British Columbia — has had an effect on the region. According to Canadian historian Ken Coates, the border has not merely influenced the Pacific Northwest—rather, definitions of the Pacific Northwest region vary, and there is no commonly agreed-upon boundary, even among Pacific Northwesterners. A common conception of the Pacific Northwest includes the U. S. states of Oregon and Washington as well as the Canadian province of British Columbia. Broader definitions of the region may include the U. S. state of Alaska, the Canadian territory of Yukon, the portion of the state of California. Definitions based on the historic Oregon Country reach east to the Continental Divide, thus including all of Idaho and parts of western Montana. Sometimes the Pacific Northwest is defined as being the Northwestern United States, often these definitions are made by government agencies whose scope is limited to the United States. Some definitions include, in addition to Washington, Oregon, Idaho and British Columbia, Southeast Alaska, western Montana, the coast of northern California, the Pacific Northwest has been occupied by a diverse array of indigenous peoples for millennia. The Pacific Coast is seen by scholars as a major coastal migration route in the settlement of the Americas by late Pleistocene peoples moving from northeast Asia into the Americas. Other evidence for human occupation dating back as much as 14,500 years ago is emerging from Paisley Caves in south-central Oregon, however, despite such research, the coastal migration hypothesis is still subject to considerable debate. Due in part to the richness of Pacific Northwest Coast and river fisheries, in the interior of the Pacific Northwest, the indigenous peoples, at the time of European contact, had a diversity of cultures and societies. Some areas were home to mobile and egalitarian societies, others, especially along major rivers such as the Columbia and Fraser, had very complex, affluent, sedentary societies rivaling those of the coast. In British Columbia and Southeast Alaska, the Tlingit and Haida erected large, throughout the Pacific Northwest, thousands of indigenous people live, and some continue to practice their rich cultural traditions, organizing their societies around cedar and salmon
35.
Donald Shiley
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Donald Pearce Shiley was one of the co-inventors of the Bjork–Shiley valve, a prosthetic heart valve. He was a 1951 alumnus of the University of Portland, where he studied engineering and he was born in Yakima, Washington. Shiley began working at Edwards Laboratories, located in Orange County, south of Los Angeles, later he established his own company, Shiley Laboratories, in the same area. His first valve was developed together with the American heart-surgeon Kay, compared with the Edwards valve, which had the shape of a little ball, the disc valve needed much less space within the heart when implanted. Shiley Labs developed and manufactured products, especially tracheal and endotracheal tubes for respiration after surgery in the mouth or throat. The Björk–Shiley heart valve underwent several improvements in the years, primarily in the degree of opening of the disc. Some years later, Shiley decided to sell his company to Pfizer, Shiley was married twice, to Pat, who died in middle-age, and to Darlene, who survived him. Donald Shiley died on July 31,2010, after deteriorating health, the grant was the largest the university had ever received. In 2012, Darlene Shiley donated $1 million to MASTERPIECE Trust, the PBS fund which supports the MASTERPIECE program series
36.
Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center
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Legacy Good Samaritan Medical Center, commonly known informally as Good Samaritan Hospital or Good Sam, is a 539-bed teaching hospital located in northwest Portland, Oregon, United States. Founded in 1875 by the Episcopal Diocese of Oregon, it is a part of the Legacy Health, Good Samaritan Hospital was established in October 1875, becoming the second hospital in both the city and state after St. Vincents had opened in July of that year. The hospital was founded by Rev. Benjamin Wistar Morris and was located at northwest 21st. Initially, the hospital had 25 beds and was built for $10,000. Also in 1875, the Wilcox Womens Hospital opened as the first womens hospital in the state, in 1889, the hospital expanded to be able to handle 75 patients. Another expansion, the addition of the C. H. Lewis wing on the side of the original structure. Good Sam merged with HealthLink in 1989 to form Legacy Health, in both 2011 and 2013, the hospital was ranked by U. S. News & World Report as the second best hospital in Oregon behind OHSU Hospital. Good Sam is licensed for 539 beds, but only staffs 247 of the beds, the hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Health Care Organizations and the Commission on Accreditation of Rehabilitation Facilities. For 2012, the hospital had a total of 11,275 discharges, with 52,005 patient days,3,433 surgeries,1,028 births, and 23,763 emergency room visits. That year it had $653 million in charges, provided $32.8 million in charity care, and had an operating margin of $26.5 million
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Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "Columbia University (Oregon)". Catholic Encyclopedia. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
