1.
University of Tennessee
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The University of Tennessee is a public sun- and land-grant university in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It hosts almost 28,000 students from all 50 states, in its 2017 universities ranking, U. S. News & World Report ranked UT 103rd among all national universities and 46th among public institutions of higher learning. Seven alumni have been selected as Rhodes Scholars, James M. Buchanan,41, received the 1986 Nobel Prize in Economics. Also affiliated with the university are the Howard H. Baker, the university is a direct partner of the University of Tennessee Medical Center, which is one of two Level I trauma centers in East Tennessee. UT is one of the oldest public universities in the United States, when Samuel Carrick, its first president and only faculty member, died in 1809, the school was temporarily closed until 1820. When it reopened, it began experiencing growing pains, thomas Jefferson had previously recommended that the college leave its confining single building in the city and relocate to a place it could spread out. Ironically, in the Summer of 1826, the trustees explored Barbara Hill as a potential site, in 1840, the college was elevated to East Tennessee University. Tennessee was a member of the Confederacy in 1862 when the Morrill Act was passed, on February 28,1867, Congress passed a special Act making the State of Tennessee eligible to participate in the Morrill Act of 1862 program. In January 1869, ETU was designated as Tennessees recipient of the Land-Grant designation, in accepting the funds, the university would focus upon instructing students in military, agricultural, and mechanical subjects. ETU eventually received $396,000 as its endowment under the program, Trustees soon approved the establishment of a medical program under the auspices of the Nashville School of Medicine and added advanced degree programs. East Tennessee University was renamed the University of Tennessee in 1879 by the state legislature, during World War II, UT was one of 131 colleges and universities nationally that took part in the V-12 Navy College Training Program which offered students a path to a Navy commission. The campus is headed by a Chancellor who functions as the executive officer of the campus, responsible for its daily administration. The chancellor reports to the president of the university system and is elected annually by the UT Board of Trustees at the recommendation of the system president, jimmy Cheek has been Chancellor of the Knoxville campus since February 1,2009. Joseph A. DiPietro has been president since January 1,2011. Provost and Senior Vice Chancellor for Academic Affairs Susan D. Martin is responsible for the administration of the Knoxville campus. On December 15,2016 the UT Board of Trustees confirmed Dr. Beverly J. Davenport as the next Chancellor of the Knoxville campus and she will begin her role on February 15,2017. Campus policing and security is provided by the University of Tennessee Police Department.4 percent from 2000 to 2009, many doctors and nurses at UTMC have integrated careers as teachers and healthcare professionals, and the center promotes itself as the areas only academic, or teaching hospital. The new UT Medical Center Heart Hospital received its first patient on April 27,2010, in Fall 2016, the university enrolled 21,863 undergraduate and 5,982 graduate and professional students, 50% of students are female, 50% are male
2.
Knoxville, Tennessee
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Knoxville is a city in the U. S. state of Tennessee, and the county seat of Knox County. The city had an population of 185,291 in 2015. Knoxville is the city of the Knoxville Metropolitan Statistical Area. The KMSA is, in turn, the component of the Knoxville-Sevierville-La Follette Combined Statistical Area. First settled in 1786, Knoxville was the first capital of Tennessee, the city struggled with geographic isolation throughout the early 19th century. The arrival of the railroad in 1855 led to an economic boom, during the Civil War, the city was bitterly divided over the secession issue, and was occupied alternately by both Confederate and Union armies. Following the war, Knoxville grew rapidly as a wholesaling and manufacturing center. The citys economy stagnated after the 1920s as the manufacturing sector collapsed, Knoxville is the home of the flagship campus of the University of Tennessee, whose sports teams, called the Volunteers or Vols, are extremely popular in the surrounding area. The first people to form settlements in what is now Knoxville arrived during the Woodland period. One of the oldest artificial structures in Knoxville is a burial mound constructed during the early Mississippian culture period, the earthwork mound is now surrounded by the University of Tennessee campus. By the 18th century, the Cherokee had become the dominant tribe in the East Tennessee region, although they were consistently at war with the Creek, the Cherokee people called the Knoxville area kuwandatalunyi, which means Mulberry Place. Most Cherokee habitation in the area was concentrated in the Overhill settlements along the Little Tennessee River, the first Euro-American traders and explorers were recorded as arriving in the Tennessee Valley in the late 17th century. There is significant evidence that Hernando de Soto visited Bussell Island in 1540, the end of the French and Indian War and confusion brought about by the American Revolution led to a drastic increase in Euro-American settlement west of the Appalachians. By the 1780s, Euro-American settlers were established in the Holston. The U. S. Congress ordered all illegal settlers out of the valley in 1785, as settlers continued to trickle into Cherokee lands, tensions between the settlers and the Cherokee rose steadily. In 1786, James White, a Revolutionary War officer, and his friend James Connor built Whites Fort near the mouth of First Creek, on land White had purchased three years earlier. In 1790, Whites son-in-law, Charles McClung—who had arrived from Pennsylvania the previous year—surveyed Whites holdings between First Creek and Second Creek for the establishment of a town, mcClung drew up 640. 5-acre lots. The waterfront was set aside for a town common, two lots were set aside for a church and graveyard
3.
Tennessee
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Tennessee is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. Tennessee is the 36th largest and the 17th most populous of the 50 United States, Tennessee is bordered by Kentucky and Virginia to the north, North Carolina to the east, Georgia, Alabama, and Mississippi to the south, and Arkansas and Missouri to the west. The Appalachian Mountains dominate the eastern part of the state, Tennessees capital and second largest city is Nashville, which has a population of 654,610. Memphis is the states largest city, with a population of 655,770, the state of Tennessee is rooted in the Watauga Association, a 1772 frontier pact generally regarded as the first constitutional government west of the Appalachians. What is now Tennessee was initially part of North Carolina, Tennessee was admitted to the Union as the 16th state on June 1,1796. Tennessee was the last state to leave the Union and join the Confederacy at the outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861, occupied by Union forces from 1862, it was the first state to be readmitted to the Union at the end of the war. Tennessee furnished more soldiers for the Confederate Army than any other state besides Virginia and this sharply reduced competition in politics in the state until after passage of civil rights legislation in the mid-20th century. This city was established to house the Manhattan Projects uranium enrichment facilities, helping to build the worlds first atomic bomb, Tennessees major industries include agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism. Poultry, soybeans, and cattle are the primary agricultural products, and major manufacturing exports include chemicals, transportation equipment. In the early 18th century, British traders encountered a Cherokee town named Tanasi in present-day Monroe County, the town was located on a river of the same name, and appears on maps as early as 1725. The meaning and origin of the word are uncertain, some accounts suggest it is a Cherokee modification of an earlier Yuchi word. It has been said to mean meeting place, winding river, according to ethnographer James Mooney, the name can not be analyzed and its meaning is lost. The modern spelling, Tennessee, is attributed to James Glen, the governor of South Carolina, the spelling was popularized by the publication of Henry Timberlakes Draught of the Cherokee Country in 1765. In 1788, North Carolina created Tennessee County, the county to be established in what is now Middle Tennessee. When a constitutional convention met in 1796 to organize a new out of the Southwest Territory. Other sources differ on the origin of the nickname, according to the Columbia Encyclopedia. Tennessee ties Missouri as the state bordering the most other states, the state is trisected by the Tennessee River. The highest point in the state is Clingmans Dome at 6,643 feet, Clingmans Dome, which lies on Tennessees eastern border, is the highest point on the Appalachian Trail, and is the third highest peak in the United States east of the Mississippi River
4.
United States
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Forty-eight of the fifty states and the federal district are contiguous and located in North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is in the northwest corner of North America, bordered by Canada to the east, the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-Pacific Ocean. The U. S. territories are scattered about the Pacific Ocean, the geography, climate and wildlife of the country are extremely diverse. At 3.8 million square miles and with over 324 million people, the United States is the worlds third- or fourth-largest country by area, third-largest by land area. It is one of the worlds most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, paleo-Indians migrated from Asia to the North American mainland at least 15,000 years ago. European colonization began in the 16th century, the United States emerged from 13 British colonies along the East Coast. Numerous disputes between Great Britain and the following the Seven Years War led to the American Revolution. On July 4,1776, during the course of the American Revolutionary War, the war ended in 1783 with recognition of the independence of the United States by Great Britain, representing the first successful war of independence against a European power. The current constitution was adopted in 1788, after the Articles of Confederation, the first ten amendments, collectively named the Bill of Rights, were ratified in 1791 and designed to guarantee many fundamental civil liberties. During the second half of the 19th century, the American Civil War led to the end of slavery in the country. By the end of century, the United States extended into the Pacific Ocean. The Spanish–American War and World War I confirmed the status as a global military power. The end of the Cold War and the dissolution of the Soviet Union in 1991 left the United States as the sole superpower. The U. S. is a member of the United Nations, World Bank, International Monetary Fund, Organization of American States. The United States is a developed country, with the worlds largest economy by nominal GDP. It ranks highly in several measures of performance, including average wage, human development, per capita GDP. While the U. S. economy is considered post-industrial, characterized by the dominance of services and knowledge economy, the United States is a prominent political and cultural force internationally, and a leader in scientific research and technological innovations. In 1507, the German cartographer Martin Waldseemüller produced a map on which he named the lands of the Western Hemisphere America after the Italian explorer and cartographer Amerigo Vespucci
5.
Geographic coordinate system
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A geographic coordinate system is a coordinate system used in geography that enables every location on Earth to be specified by a set of numbers, letters or symbols. The coordinates are chosen such that one of the numbers represents a vertical position. A common choice of coordinates is latitude, longitude and elevation, to specify a location on a two-dimensional map requires a map projection. The invention of a coordinate system is generally credited to Eratosthenes of Cyrene. Ptolemy credited him with the adoption of longitude and latitude. Ptolemys 2nd-century Geography used the prime meridian but measured latitude from the equator instead. Mathematical cartography resumed in Europe following Maximus Planudes recovery of Ptolemys text a little before 1300, in 1884, the United States hosted the International Meridian Conference, attended by representatives from twenty-five nations. Twenty-two of them agreed to adopt the longitude of the Royal Observatory in Greenwich, the Dominican Republic voted against the motion, while France and Brazil abstained. France adopted Greenwich Mean Time in place of local determinations by the Paris Observatory in 1911, the latitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle between the equatorial plane and the straight line that passes through that point and through the center of the Earth. Lines joining points of the same latitude trace circles on the surface of Earth called parallels, as they are parallel to the equator, the north pole is 90° N, the south pole is 90° S. The 0° parallel of latitude is designated the equator, the plane of all geographic coordinate systems. The equator divides the globe into Northern and Southern Hemispheres, the longitude of a point on Earths surface is the angle east or west of a reference meridian to another meridian that passes through that point. All meridians are halves of great ellipses, which converge at the north and south poles, the prime meridian determines the proper Eastern and Western Hemispheres, although maps often divide these hemispheres further west in order to keep the Old World on a single side. The antipodal meridian of Greenwich is both 180°W and 180°E, the combination of these two components specifies the position of any location on the surface of Earth, without consideration of altitude or depth. The grid formed by lines of latitude and longitude is known as a graticule, the origin/zero point of this system is located in the Gulf of Guinea about 625 km south of Tema, Ghana. To completely specify a location of a feature on, in, or above Earth. Earth is not a sphere, but a shape approximating a biaxial ellipsoid. It is nearly spherical, but has an equatorial bulge making the radius at the equator about 0. 3% larger than the radius measured through the poles, the shorter axis approximately coincides with the axis of rotation
6.
U.S. News & World Report
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U. S. News & World Report is an American media company that publishes news, opinion, consumer advice, rankings, and analysis. Founded as a magazine in 1933, U. S. News transitioned to primarily web-based publishing in 2010. The rankings are popular in North America but have drawn criticism from colleges, administrations, and students for their dubious, disparate. The ranking system by U. S. News is usually contrasted with the Washington Monthly, United States News was founded in 1933 by David Lawrence, who also started World Report in 1946. The two magazines covered national and international news separately, but Lawrence merged them into U. S. News & World Report in 1948 and subsequently sold the magazine to his employees. Historically, the magazine tended to be more conservative than its two primary competitors, Time and Newsweek, and focused more on economic, health. It also eschewed sports, entertainment, and celebrity news, important milestones in the early history of the magazine include the introduction of the Washington Whispers column in 1934 and the News You Can Use column in 1952. In 1958, the magazines circulation passed one million and reached two million by 1973. Since 1983, it has become known primarily for its influential ranking and annual reports of colleges and graduate schools, spanning across most fields and its print edition was consistently included in national bestseller lists, augmented by online subscriptions. Additional rankings published by U. S. News & World Report include hospitals, in October 1984, publisher and real estate developer Mortimer B. Zuckerman purchased U. S. News & World Report. Zuckerman is also the owner of the New York Daily News, in 1993, U. S. News & World Report entered the digital world by providing content to CompuServe and in 1995, the website usnews. com was launched. In 2001, the won the National Magazine Award for General Excellence Online. In 2007, U. S. News & World Report published its first list of the nations best high schools and its ranking methodology includes state test scores and the success of poor and minority students on these exams, and schools performance in Advanced Placement exams. Starting in June 2008, the magazine reduced its frequency in three steps. It switched in June 2008 from weekly to biweekly, in November 2008 it decreased to monthly. In November 2010, it was reported that U. S, moving forward, the publication expressed its plans to focus mainly on research and the provision of relevant information to students pursuing higher education. Its rankings and university guide books are available in print at the majority of bookstores and magazine vendors in the United States, selling millions of copies on an annual basis. In June 2008, citing the overall magazine circulation and advertising, U. S. News & World Report announced that it would become a biweekly publication
7.
Law school
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A law school is an institution specializing in legal education, usually involved as part of a process for becoming a lawyer within a given jurisdiction. Nowadays the legal education consists in a 5-year-long course in which, afterwards, the practice of law is conditioned upon admission to the bar of a particular state or other territorial jurisdiction. Public attorneys, public prossecutors and magistrates admission is made, mainly, through an entrance examination and a constitutional mandatory three years of legal experience. The postgraduation, stricto sensu, consists in a, a) master´s degree, which is usually a two-year degree, and a b) doctorate´s degree, which can take up another four years. The typical law degree required to practice law in Canada is now the Juris Doctor, there is some scholarly content in the coursework. The programs consist of three years, and have content in their mandatory first year courses. Some schools, however, have not switched from LL. B. to the J. D. – one notable university that still awards the LL. B is McGill University. Given that the Canadian legal system includes both the French civil law and the Anglo-American common law, some law schools offer both an LL. B. or J. D. and a B. C. L. LL. L. or LL. B. degree, such as McGill University, University of Ottawa, in particular, McGill University Faculty of Law offers a combined civil law and common law program, which has been called transsystemic. At other faculties, if a person completes a common law degree and this is also true for civil law graduates who wish to complete a common law degree. Despite changes in designation, schools opting for the J. D. have not altered their curricula, neither the J. D. or LL. B. and the École du Barreau du Québec. In France, the education is a three tier system. The student may study for a LLB, then a LLM and, for those interested in Law theory, many French universities offers Law courses in department labelled as Research and Education Units and/or Faculties of Law or Law Schools. Law Degree in Indonesia consists of three tier systems, the first tier is the Degree of which carries the title of Sarjana Hukum/S. H. This can be obtained in 4–7 years after they enter Law School straight from Senior High School, the second tier varies depending on the legal specialties taken after the first tier. The general title for this tier is Magister Hukum / M. H, although it is also common to see other title for secondary tier such as Magister Kenotariatan / M. Kn. for Notarial professionals line of work. The second tier can be obtained normally in 1-2 year, the third tier in Indonesian Law Degree is Doctor / DR. To work in legal professions of choice in Indonesia, a Bachelor Law Degree is obligatory, graduates can pursue their career as Legal in-house counsel, Judge profession, Public Prosecutor, other legal-related work and Advocate
8.
American Bar Association
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The American Bar Association, founded August 21,1878, is a voluntary bar association of lawyers and law students, which is not specific to any jurisdiction in the United States. The ABAs most important stated activities are the setting of standards for law schools. Its national headquarters are in Chicago, Illinois, it maintains a significant branch office in Washington. The ABA was founded on August 21,1878, in Saratoga Springs, New York, by 75 lawyers from 20 states, according to the ABA website, The legal profession as we know it today barely existed at that time. Lawyers were generally sole practitioners who trained under a system of apprenticeship, there was no national code of ethics, there was no national organization to serve as a forum for discussion of the increasingly intricate issues involved in legal practice. In 1918 the first women were admitted to the ABA – Judge Mary Belle Grossman of Cleveland, the ABA did not allow African-Americans to join until 1943. Roberta Cooper Ramo was the first female President of the ABA from 1995–1996, in 2016 ABA introduced a new ethics rule prohibiting attorneys from using sexist, racist and condescending terms. The goals and objectives are, Goal 1, Serve our members, Promote the highest quality legal education, 2) Promote competence, ethical conduct and professionalism, 3) Promote pro bono and public service by the legal profession. )Goal 3, Eliminate bias and enhance diversity. Promote full and equal participation in the association, our profession, and the system by all persons, 2) Eliminate bias in the legal profession. Its Board of Governors, with 44 members, has the authority to act for the ABA, consistent with previous action of the House of Delegates, when the House is not in session. The ABA president, elected to a term, is chief executive officer of the association, while the appointed. The conclusion of the ABA Annual Meeting, in August, is when a new president takes office, the Annual Meeting also gives the general membership the opportunity to participate in educational programs and hear speakers address many issues. In 2010, Jack L. Rives, formerly TJAG, was appointed Executive Director, one function of the ABA is its creation and maintenance of a code of ethical standards for lawyers. The Model Code of Professional Responsibility and/or the newer Model Rules of Professional Conduct have been adopted in 49 states, the District of Columbia and the United States Virgin Islands. The exception is the State Bar of California, however, a few sections of the California Rules of Professional Conduct were drawn from the ABA models, since 1923, law schools which meet ABA standards are listed as approved. ABA accreditation is important not only because it affects the recognition of the law schools involved, even states which recognize unaccredited schools within their borders will generally not recognize such schools from other jurisdictions for purposes of bar admission. For law students attending ABA-accredited schools, memberships are available for free, students attending non-ABA accredited law schools are permitted to join the ABA as associate members. On October 17,2011, the ABA announced it was considering penalties, employment information was filed separately to the Section
9.
Juris Doctor
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The Juris Doctor degree, also known as the Doctor of Jurisprudence degree, is a graduate-entry professional degree in law and one of several Doctor of Law degrees. It is earned by completing law school in Australia, Canada and the United States and it has the academic standing of a second-entry, professional baccalaureate degree in Canada, a masters degree in Australia and a professional doctorate in the United States. The degree was first awarded in the United States in the early 20th century and was created as a version of the old European doctor of law degree. Originating from the 19th century Harvard movement for the study of law. It involves a program in most jurisdictions. To be authorized to practice law in the courts of a state in the United States. Lawyers must, however, be admitted to the bar of the court before they are authorized to practice in that court. Admission to the bar of a district court includes admission to the bar of the related bankruptcy court. In the United States, the doctorate in law may be conferred in Latin or in English, as Juris Doctor and at some law schools Doctor of Law. Juris Doctor literally means Teacher of Law, while the Latin for Doctor of Jurisprudence—Jurisprudentiae Doctor—literally means Teacher of Legal Knowledge, the J. D. is not to be confused with Doctor of Laws or Legum Doctor. In institutions where the latter can be earned, e. g. D, the LL. D. is invariably an honorary degree in the United States. The first university in Europe, the University of Bologna, was founded as a school of law by four famous legal scholars in the 11th century who were students of the school in that city. This served as the model for law schools of the Middle Ages. While Bologna granted only doctorates, preparatory degrees were introduced in Paris, the nature of the J. D. can be better understood by a review of the context of the history of legal education in England. The teaching of law at Cambridge and Oxford Universities was mainly for philosophical or scholarly purposes, the universities taught only civil and canon law but not the common law that applied in most jurisdictions. The original method of education at the Inns of Court was a mix of moot court-like practice and lecture, by the fifteenth century, the Inns functioned like a university akin to the University of Oxford and the University of Cambridge, though very specialized in purpose. With the frequent absence of parties to suits during the Crusades, the importance of the role grew tremendously. The apprenticeship program for solicitors thus emerged, structured and governed by the rules as the apprenticeship programs for the trades
10.
Howard Baker
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Howard Henry Baker Jr. was an American politician and diplomat who served as a Republican U. S. Senator from Tennessee and Senate Majority Leader, Baker later served as White House Chief of Staff for President Ronald Reagan, and a United States Ambassador to Japan. He worked as a lobbyist and adviser at Baker, Donelson, Bearman, known in Washington, D. C. as the Great Conciliator, Baker was often regarded as one of the most successful senators in terms of brokering compromises, enacting legislation and maintaining civility. Baker was a conservative who was also respected enormously by most of his Democratic colleagues. Baker was born in Huntsville, Tennessee, to Dora Ann and his father served as a Republican member of the United States House of Representatives from 1951 until 1964, representing a traditionally Republican district in East Tennessee. Baker attended The McCallie School in Chattanooga, and after graduating, during World War II, he trained at a U. S. Navy facility on the campus of the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, in the V-12 Navy College Training Program. He served in the United States Navy from 1943 to 1946, the same year, he was admitted to the Tennessee bar and began his law practice. The rotunda at the University of Tennessee College of Law is now named for Baker, while he was delivering a commencement speech during his grandsons graduation at East Tennessee State University on May 5,2007, Baker was awarded an honorary doctorate degree. Baker was an alumnus of the Alpha Sigma Chapter of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity. Baker began his career in 1964, when he lost to the liberal Democrat Ross Bass in a U. S. Senate election to fill the unexpired term of the late Senator Estes Kefauver. Baker won the election, capitalizing on Clements failure to energize the Democratic base. He won by a somewhat larger-than-expected margin of 55.7 percent to Clements 44.2 percent, Baker thus became the first Republican senator from Tennessee since Reconstruction and the first Republican to be popularly elected to the Senate from Tennessee. Harry W. Wellford, then an attorney but later a U. S. District Court justice and then U. S. 6th Circuit Court of Appeals Justice, served as Bakers campaign chair. Baker was re-elected in 1972 and again in 1978, serving altogether from January 3,1967, to January 3,1985. In 1969, he was already a candidate for the Minority Leadership position that opened up with the death of his father-in-law, Everett Dirksen, at the beginning of the following Congress in 1971, Baker ran again, losing to Scott this time 20–24. President Richard Nixon asked Baker in 1971 to fill one of the two empty seats on the U. S. Supreme Court, when Baker took too long to decide whether he wanted the appointment, Nixon changed his mind and nominated William Rehnquist instead. In 1973-74, Baker became the ranking minority member of the Senate committee chaired by Senator Sam Ervin. Baker is famous for having asked aloud, What did the President know, the question is sometimes attributed to being given to him by his counsel and former campaign manager, future U. S
11.
Clifton B. Cates
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Clifton Bledsoe Cates was an American general who served as the 19th Commandant of the Marine Corps. He was honored for his heroism during World War I at Belleau Wood and he is considered one of the most distinguished young officers of the first world War. He was one of the few officers from any branch of service to have commanded a platoon, a company, a battalion, a regiment, Clifton Bledsoe Cates was born August 31,1893, in Tiptonville, Tennessee. After graduating from the Missouri Military Academy in 1910, and the University of Tennessee College of Law in 1916 with a Bachelor of Law degree, was a member of the Kappa Tau Chapter of Phi Gamma Delta. With the entry of the United States into the Great War and he was commissioned as second lieutenant in the Marine Corps Reserves. He began active duty on June 13,1917, during World War I, Cates served with the 6th Marine Regiment, fighting in France. He was awarded a Silver Star for his gallantry at Soissons, lt. Cates and his men were credited with saving Bouresches. In 1920, he stayed as Gen. Barnetts aide and followed him to San Francisco, from 1923 to 1925, he served a tour of sea duty as commander of the Marine Detachment aboard the USS California. In 1929, Cates was deployed to Shanghai, China, where he rejoined the 4th Marines and he then returned to the U. S. for training at the Army Industrial College and in the Senior Course in the Marine Corps Schools. In 1935, was assigned to the War Plans Section of the Division of Operations, in 1936, he returned to Shanghai as a battalion commander with the 6th Marine Regiment. In 1938, he rejoined the 4th Marines in Shanghai, in 1940, and he was named the Director of the Marine Officers Basic School at the Philadelphia Navy Yard. In 1942, Col Cates took command of the 1st Marines, colonel Cates led the 1st Marine Regiment at Guadalcanal, for which he was awarded the Legion of Merit with Combat “V. He then took command of the 4th Marine Division in the Marianas operation, the Tinian campaign, for his services at Tinian he received the Navy Distinguished Service Medal and a Gold Star in lieu of a second Distinguished Service Medal for his service at Iwo Jima. The planning for Tinian included the first complete aerial reconnaissance of a base by the key commanders. Near the end of the fighting at Iwo Jima Gen. Cates attempted to persuade the remaining Japanese Brigade to surrender rather than fight to the death. After his first tour of duty in the Pacific, returned to the United States to serve as Commandant of the Marine Corps Schools at Quantico until 1944 and he then returned to the Pacific theater until the end of the war as commander of the 4th Marine Division. On January 1,1948, he was sworn in as the 19th Commandant of the Marine Corps and he served as Commandant for four years, 1948–1951 and fought the budgetary erosion of the Fleet Marine Force. Shepherd and Cates would revive the amphibious assault at Inchon and he retired on June 30,1954 and was eventually promoted on the retired list to the rank of full General
12.
Mississippi
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Mississippi /ˌmɪsᵻˈsɪpi/ is a state in the southern region of the United States, with part of its southern border formed by the Gulf of Mexico. Its western border is formed by the Mississippi River, the state has a population of approximately 3 million. It is the 32nd most extensive and the 32nd most populous of the 50 United States, located in the center of the state, Jackson is the state capital and largest city, with a population of approximately 175,000 people. The state is heavily forested outside of the Mississippi Delta area, before the American Civil War, most development in the state was along riverfronts, where slaves worked on cotton plantations. After the war, the bottomlands to the interior were cleared, by the end of the 19th century, African Americans made up two-thirds of the Deltas property owners, but timber and railroad companies acquired much of the land after a financial crisis. Clearing altered the Deltas ecology, increasing the severity of flooding along the Mississippi, much land is now held by agribusinesses. The states catfish aquaculture farms produce the majority of farm-raised catfish consumed in the United States, since the 1930s and the Great Migration, Mississippi has been majority white, albeit with the highest percentage of black residents of any U. S. state. From the early 19th century to the 1930s, its residents were mostly black, whites retained political power through Jim Crow laws. In 2010, 37% of Mississippians were African Americans, the highest percentage of African Americans in any U. S. state, since gaining enforcement of their voting franchise in the late 1960s, most African Americans support Democratic candidates in local, state and national elections. Conservative whites have shifted to the Republican Party, African Americans are a majority in many counties of the Mississippi-Yazoo Delta, an area of historic settlement during the plantation era. Since 2011 Mississippi has been ranked as the most religious state in the country, the states name is derived from the Mississippi River, which flows along its western boundary. Settlers named it after the Ojibwe word misi-ziibi, in addition to its namesake, major rivers in Mississippi include the Big Black River, the Pearl River, the Yazoo River, the Pascagoula River, and the Tombigbee River. Major lakes include Ross Barnett Reservoir, Arkabutla Lake, Sardis Lake, Mississippi is entirely composed of lowlands, the highest point being Woodall Mountain, in the foothills of the Cumberland Mountains,807 feet above sea level. The lowest point is sea level at the Gulf coast, the states mean elevation is 300 feet above sea level. Most of Mississippi is part of the East Gulf Coastal Plain, the coastal plain is generally composed of low hills, such as the Pine Hills in the south and the North Central Hills. The Pontotoc Ridge and the Fall Line Hills in the northeast have somewhat higher elevations, yellow-brown loess soil is found in the western parts of the state. The northeast is a region of black earth that extends into the Alabama Black Belt. The coastline includes large bays at Bay St. Louis, Biloxi, the northwest remainder of the state consists of the Mississippi Delta, a section of the Mississippi Alluvial Plain
13.
Wisconsin
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Wisconsin is a U. S. state located in the north-central United States, in the Midwest and Great Lakes regions. It is bordered by Minnesota to the west, Iowa to the southwest, Illinois to the south, Lake Michigan to the east, Michigan to the northeast, Wisconsin is the 23rd largest state by total area and the 20th most populous. The state capital is Madison, and its largest city is Milwaukee, the state is divided into 72 counties. Wisconsin is second to Michigan in the length of its Great Lakes coastline, Wisconsin is known as Americas Dairyland because it is one of the nations leading dairy producers, particularly famous for its cheese. Manufacturing, especially paper products, information technology, and tourism are major contributors to the states economy. The word Wisconsin originates from the given to the Wisconsin River by one of the Algonquian-speaking Native American groups living in the region at the time of European contact. French explorer Jacques Marquette was the first European to reach the Wisconsin River, arriving in 1673, subsequent French writers changed the spelling from Meskousing to Ouisconsin, and over time this became the name for both the Wisconsin River and the surrounding lands. English speakers anglicized the spelling from Ouisconsin to Wisconsin when they began to arrive in numbers during the early 19th century. The legislature of Wisconsin Territory made the current spelling official in 1845, the Algonquin word for Wisconsin and its original meaning have both grown obscure. Interpretations vary, but most implicate the river and the red sandstone that lines its banks, other theories include claims that the name originated from one of a variety of Ojibwa words meaning red stone place, where the waters gather, or great rock. Wisconsin has been home to a variety of cultures over the past 12,000 years. The first people arrived around 10,000 BCE during the Wisconsin Glaciation and these early inhabitants, called Paleo-Indians, hunted now-extinct ice age animals such as the Boaz mastodon, a prehistoric mastodon skeleton unearthed along with spear points in southwest Wisconsin. After the ice age ended around 8000 BCE, people in the subsequent Archaic period lived by hunting, fishing, agricultural societies emerged gradually over the Woodland period between 1000 BCE to 1000 CE. Toward the end of period, Wisconsin was the heartland of the Effigy Mound culture. Later, between 1000 and 1500 CE, the Mississippian and Oneota cultures built substantial settlements including the village at Aztalan in southeast Wisconsin. The Oneota may be the ancestors of the modern Ioway and Ho-Chunk tribes who shared the Wisconsin region with the Menominee at the time of European contact, the first European to visit what became Wisconsin was probably the French explorer Jean Nicolet. He canoed west from Georgian Bay through the Great Lakes in 1634, pierre Radisson and Médard des Groseilliers visited Green Bay again in 1654–1666 and Chequamegon Bay in 1659–1660, where they traded for fur with local Native Americans. In 1673, Jacques Marquette and Louis Jolliet became the first to record a journey on the Fox-Wisconsin Waterway all the way to the Mississippi River near Prairie du Chien
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Wisconsin State Assembly
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The Wisconsin State Assembly is the lower house of the Wisconsin Legislature. Together with the smaller Wisconsin Senate, the two constitute the branch of the U. S. state of Wisconsin. Representatives are elected for terms, elected during the fall elections. If a vacancy occurs in an Assembly seat between elections, it may be filled only by a special election, the Wisconsin Constitution limits the size of the State Assembly to between 54 and 100 members inclusive. Since 1973, the state has been divided into 99 Assembly districts apportioned amongst the state based on population as determined by the decennial census, for a total of 99 representatives. From 1848 to 1853 there were 66 assembly districts, from 1854 to 1856,82 districts, from 1857 to 1861,97 districts, the Assembly chamber is located in the west wing of the Wisconsin State Capitol building, in Madison, Wisconsin. On July 8,2015 a case was filed with the U. S and this case became filed with the court as Whitford v Gill. Representatives elected or re-elected in the fall of 2012 receive a salary of $49,943. In addition to their salaries, Representatives outside Dane County may receive up to $88 a day each in living expenses while they are in Madison on state business, members of the Dane County delegation are allowed up to $44 each in expenses. Each Representative also receives $75 per month in out-of-session pay when the Legislature is in session for three days or less, over two years, each representative is allotted $12,000 to cover general office expenses, printing, postage and district mailings. This pattern was not seen to hold to the extent in the rest of the state. The corresponding state senate districts are shown as a district is formed by nesting three assembly districts
15.
Republican Party (United States)
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The Republican Party, commonly referred to as the GOP, is one of the two major contemporary political parties in the United States, the other being its historic rival, the Democratic Party. The party is named after republicanism, the dominant value during the American Revolution and it was founded by anti-slavery activists, modernists, ex-Whigs, and ex-Free Soilers in 1854. The Republicans dominated politics nationally and in the majority of northern States for most of the period between 1860 and 1932, there have been 19 Republican presidents, the most from any one party. The Republican Partys current ideology is American conservatism, which contrasts with the Democrats more progressive platform, further, its platform involves support for free market capitalism, free enterprise, fiscal conservatism, a strong national defense, deregulation, and restrictions on labor unions. In addition to advocating for economic policies, the Republican Party is socially conservative. As of 2017, the GOP is documented as being at its strongest position politically since 1928, in addition to holding the Presidency, the Republicans control the 115th United States Congress, having majorities in both the House of Representatives and the Senate. The party also holds a majority of governorships and state legislatures, the main cause was opposition to the Kansas–Nebraska Act, which repealed the Missouri Compromise by which slavery was kept out of Kansas. The Northern Republicans saw the expansion of slavery as a great evil, the first public meeting of the general anti-Nebraska movement where the name Republican was suggested for a new anti-slavery party was held on March 20,1854, in a schoolhouse in Ripon, Wisconsin. The name was chosen to pay homage to Thomas Jeffersons Republican Party. The first official party convention was held on July 6,1854, in Jackson and it oversaw the preserving of the union, the end of slavery, and the provision of equal rights to all men in the American Civil War and Reconstruction, 1861–1877. The Republicans initial base was in the Northeast and the upper Midwest, with the realignment of parties and voters in the Third Party System, the strong run of John C. Fremont in the 1856 United States presidential election demonstrated it dominated most northern states, early Republican ideology was reflected in the 1856 slogan free labor, free land, free men, which had been coined by Salmon P. Chase, a Senator from Ohio. Free labor referred to the Republican opposition to labor and belief in independent artisans. Free land referred to Republican opposition to the system whereby slaveowners could buy up all the good farm land. The Party strove to contain the expansion of slavery, which would cause the collapse of the slave power, Lincoln, representing the fast-growing western states, won the Republican nomination in 1860 and subsequently won the presidency. The party took on the mission of preserving the Union, and destroying slavery during the American Civil War, in the election of 1864, it united with War Democrats to nominate Lincoln on the National Union Party ticket. The partys success created factionalism within the party in the 1870s and those who felt that Reconstruction had been accomplished and was continued mostly to promote the large-scale corruption tolerated by President Ulysses S. Grant ran Horace Greeley for the presidency. The Stalwarts defended Grant and the system, the Half-Breeds led by Chester A. Arthur pushed for reform of the civil service in 1883
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Ronald L. Schlicher
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Ronald Lewis Schlicher is an American diplomat and career foreign service officer with the rank of Minister-Counselor in the Department of State. He served as the Deputy Chief of Mission in Lebanon 1994–96, also served ambassador to Cyprus in 2006–08. On September 2,2008, he assumed the position of Principal Deputy Assistant Coordinator for Counterterrorism, Schlicher is an alumnus of the University of Tennessee College of Law
17.
John Ward (broadcaster)
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John Ward is the former radio play-by-play broadcaster for the University of Tennessee, primarily from 1965 until 1999. Ward received a law degree in 1954 at the University of Tennessee College of Law in Knoxville, rather than practicing law, he decided to go into radio and advertising. Wards first broadcast of a University of Tennessee basketball game for the Vol Network came in 1958, shortly after, Ward joined the Army. After returning to Knoxville, Ward went to work at an advertising agency, in 1964 he began handling the duties as announcer-host-coordinator for UT coaches television shows in football and basketball. His broadcasting career blossomed when he became the Vols radio play-by-play voice, first, for basketball in 1965, in addition to his duties with the Vol Network, he covered events for ABC-TV and ESPN. Ward is a member of the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame, Ward was known as the Voice of the Vols for 31 years on the air. Ward and Bill Anderson, his color commentator for the entire 31 years and his trademarks include, his introduction to each game, Its football time in Tennessee. And answering, HE MADE IT. after a field goal. Counting runners down toward the line, four. three. two. one. and enthusiastically saying, BOTTOM. After a made basket in basketball, and, wearing a blue towel around his neck while broadcasting. The University of Tennessee named the level of the press box at Neyland Stadium The John Ward Broadcast Center in Wards honor in 1995. Wards final football broadcast was the first BCS national championship, Tennessee defeated Florida State to win its second undisputed national championship. His final broadcast for the Vols came in the round of the 1999 NCAA mens basketball tournament. As of 2016, Ward still does some commercial radio advertisements and public service announcements heard statewide
18.
Glenn Reynolds
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Glenn Harlan Reynolds is Beauchamp Brogan Distinguished Professor of Law at the University of Tennessee College of Law, and is known for his weblog, Instapundit, an American political weblog. Reynolds blog got started as a project in August 2001. Much of Instapundits content consists of links to sites, often with brief comments. Between early 2006 and early 2010, Reynolds began to host podcasts of The Glenn & Helen Show, along with his wife, Dr. Helen Smith. In 2007 network theory researchers who studied blogs as a test case found that Instapundit was the #1 blog for quickly know about important stories that propagate over the blogosphere. In the past, Reynolds has called for the assassination of Iranian scientists and clerics, in 2016, on his Twitter account, Reynolds suggested running over protesters objecting to the fatal shooting of Keith Lamont Scott in Charlotte, North Carolina. In his tweet he wrote, run them down next to a link to a story about the protests. Twitter suspended Reynolds account, but restored it shortly after and told him to delete the tweet in order to be allowed to use Twitter again, the University of Tennessee released a statement that it was investigating Reynolds as it does not condone language that encourages violence. Dean Wilson wrote that Reynolds tweet. was an exercise of his First Amendment rights, nevertheless, the tweet offended many members of our community and beyond, and I understand the hurt and frustration they feel. USA Today said that Reynolds had violated the standards and suspended his column for one month. Reynolds issued an apology at the request of USA Today saying, I didn’t live up to my own standards, and I didn’t meet USA TODAY’s standards. For that I apologize, to USA TODAY readers and to my followers on social media and those words can easily be taken to advocate drivers going out of their way to run down protesters. I meant no such thing, and Im sorry it seemed I did, what I meant is that drivers who feel their lives are in danger from a violent mob should not stop their vehicles. I remember Reginald Denny, a driver who was beaten nearly to death by a mob during the 1992 Los Angeles riots. He has written for the TCS Daily, Fox News, Reynolds is often described as conservative, but holds liberal views on some social issues such as abortion, the War on Drugs and gay marriage. He describes himself as a libertarian and more specifically a libertarian transhumanist and he customarily illustrates his combination of views by stating, I’d like to live in a world in which happily married gay people have closets full of assault weapons to protect their pot. Reynolds is a member of the Libertarian Party. Reynolds grew up a Methodist but is now a Presbyterian and he is married to Dr. Helen Smith, a forensic psychologist
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Instapundit
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Instapundit is a libertarian blog maintained by Glenn Reynolds, a law professor at the University of Tennessee. InstaPundit was launched in August 2001 as an experiment, and a part of Reynolds class on Internet law, a 2007 memo from the National Republican Senatorial Committee described Reynolds as one of the five best-read national conservative bloggers. Instapundit frequently discusses the War on Terrorism from a supportive-but-critical viewpoint, Reynolds has also lent his support to the Porkbusters campaign, which purports to expose misallocation of federal funds. Much of Instapundits content consists of links to sites, particularly those that Reynolds believes offer viewpoints not widely expressed elsewhere. His frequent use of heh, indeed, and read the thing have been widely imitated and are often parodied by other bloggers. Reynolds encourages readers to explore the wider blogosphere and to read articles. Since 2005, Reynolds has at times added original video reports, shot documentary-style and he covered the 2005 BlogNashville convention using video he shot himself. In January 2006, Reynolds began to host podcasts from Instapundit, the blogcasts have now given way to a video series on PajamasMedia called InstaVision, which Reynolds hosts individually. Because of the popularity, an Instapundit link to another site can cause the traffic of that site to spike. Such an increase is referred to as an Instalanche, or Lanche. In 2007, network theory researchers who studied blogs as a test case found that Instapundit was the #1 blog for quickly know about important stories that propagate over the blogosphere, Reynolds says he is not a conservative, but a libertarian, specifically a libertarian transhumanist. He favors free markets and distrusts bureaucracy, to this end he opposes government interference in both the economic and personal affairs of citizens. He strongly supports the War on Terrorism and has lent some support to the war in Iraq and he believes there is an economic bubble forming in higher education, and that under most circumstances college students should avoid going into debt for the sake of getting credentials. He frequently points out that college degrees, or credentials, are not the same as an education. Reynolds, who worked for Al Gores 1988 campaign, now agrees with the movement on many issues, including the war in Iraq, tax cuts. He has vigorously criticized Republicans for wasteful government spending for many years and his association with the conservative side of U. S. Reynolds holds libertarian positions on many social issues. For example, he supports embryonic stem cell research, abortion rights, legal prostitution and he has stated a number of times, Personally, Id be delighted to live in a country where happily married gay couples had closets full of assault weapons. Reynolds believes global warming is caused by man and that burning less carbon is good planetary hygiene
20.
Wayback Machine
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The Internet Archive launched the Wayback Machine in October 2001. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet, the service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a three dimensional index. Since 1996, the Wayback Machine has been archiving cached pages of websites onto its large cluster of Linux nodes and it revisits sites every few weeks or months and archives a new version. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who enter the sites URL into a search box, the intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. The overall vision of the machines creators is to archive the entire Internet, the name Wayback Machine was chosen as a reference to the WABAC machine, a time-traveling device used by the characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman in The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show, an animated cartoon. These crawlers also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached, to overcome inconsistencies in partially cached websites, Archive-It. Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers, when the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley. Snapshots usually become more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked website updates are recorded, Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots. After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. As of 2009, the Wayback Machine contained approximately three petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of 100 terabytes each month, the growth rate reported in 2003 was 12 terabytes/month, the data is stored on PetaBox rack systems manufactured by Capricorn Technologies. In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, in 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a bit of material past 2008. In January 2013, the company announced a ground-breaking milestone of 240 billion URLs, in October 2013, the company announced the Save a Page feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries, as of December 2014, the Wayback Machine contained almost nine petabytes of data and was growing at a rate of about 20 terabytes each week. Between October 2013 and March 2015 the websites global Alexa rank changed from 162 to 208, in a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc. defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots. Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbulas website, in an October 2004 case, Telewizja Polska USA, Inc. v. Echostar Satellite, No.02 C3293,65 Fed. 673, a litigant attempted to use the Wayback Machine archives as a source of admissible evidence, Telewizja Polska is the provider of TVP Polonia and EchoStar operates the Dish Network
21.
Ayres Hall
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Ayres Hall is a central iconic and historic landmark building at the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. The building was designed by Miller, Fullenwider and Dowling of Chicago and it is named for Brown Ayres, the universitys 12th president from 1904-1909. A extensive restoration began in the fall of 2008 and ended in January 2011, the faces for the clocks and the terrazzo floors were in the original designs, but had never been installed due to costs. The north courtyard, which faces Cumberland Avenue, was never implemented in the original designs, the Gothic Revival structure rises 140 feet above its base. The building houses the offices of the Universitys College of Arts and Sciences as well as UTs mathematics department
22.
The Hill (Knoxville)
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The Hill is the colloquial name for the location of various academic buildings on the University of Tennessee, Knoxvilles campus. It comprises the oldest part of the university, and is located at the side of the campus. There are two roads around the Hill. University buildings ring both routes, with Ayres Hall located at the apex, the sweeping lawn in front of Ayres Hall that drops to Cumberland Avenue is one of the largest open spaces on the campus. Programmatically, the Hill is populated primarily by engineering and science programs, other university programs, as well as the dormitories and administrative headquarters, are located west of the Hill. Along with Neyland Stadium and the Torchbearer statue and eternal flame, the Hill was originally known as Barbara Hill, in honor of the daughter of Governor William Blount. Thomas Jefferson had previously recommended that the college relocate from its confining single building on State Street in downtown Knoxville to a site where it could spread out. In the Summer of 1826, the trustees of what was known as East Tennessee College explored the location west of the city. While excavating to construct the first buildings on the site, they found two forgotten graves of early settlers who had died before Knoxville had a cemetery, by the Fall of 1828, East Tennessee College had relocated to the new site. During the American Civil War the Hill was a position southeast of Fort Sanders known as Fort Byington. It played a key role during the Siege of Knoxville
23.
John C. Hodges Library
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The John C. Hodges Library is the main library of the University of Tennessee. Located at 1015 Volunteer Boulevard, it is one of many libraries the University of Tennessee houses, opened in 1969, the library houses 3 million library volumes, periodicals, and computer resources. Its rare book collection numbers about 60,000 items, the oldest dating from 1481 AD, the University of Tennessee Libraries provides books, articles, media, technology, spaces, and research expertise. In 2010-2011, the library was ranked 48 out of 115 of the top North American research libraries of the United States according to the Chronicle of Higher Education rankings. It ranks 48th among all major academic libraries in Canada. The current administration of the John C, John Cunyus Hodges, a professor of English and a benefactor of the University of Tennessee libraries. Hodges worked at UT for 41 years and was the author of the Harbrace Handbook and its Joel A. Katz Law collection is the largest public law library in the state of Tennessee. Its special collections department includes notable collections such as the writings of James Agee and Alex Haley, materials in the special collections department do not circulate, so researchers wishing to study them must request the materials for viewing in the Special Collections Reading Room. The materials in the collections department can be found using SCOUT or the library catalog. Renovations for additional space to the Special Collections began in late 2015, the second floor of John C. Hodges Library houses The Commons. The John C. Hodges Library houses a production lab known as “The Studio. ”The Studio, located in room 235, is a resource for students, staff. The Center for Children’s & Young Adult Literature is on the floor of Hodges. The CCYAL maintains and promotes a non-circulating collection of children’s and young adult literature that the community is encouraged to come in, additionally, the third floor houses the Childrens and Young Adult Collection. The items in this collection circulate, the building of Hodges library is lofty. The interior is designed to admit natural light and features Italian and Spanish marble. The terraced effect of the library belies the building’s massive size, the library was expanded in 1987 using the original 1969 construction and adding almost 250,000 more square feet. UT Libraries home More info on the library The Centaur excavations at Volos The Commons in Hodges Library
24.
Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy
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Center for Public Policy is a nonpartisan institute on the campus of the University of Tennessee devoted to education and research concerning public policy and civic engagement. Areas of special interest include the media, energy, environment, the teaching of civics and history, political communications, national security, the Baker Center is and will remain a non-partisan institution. In all of our programs and activities, we seek to include, in the best tradition of Howard Baker, the Center embodies his genuine respect for differing points of view. The Center neither advocates nor endorses specific policies or individuals, instead, we serve as a forum for discussion, debate, education, and unbiased research. In 2001, the University of Tennessee received a congressionally authorized Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education grant to create the center and begin its programming, in January 2003, Alan Lowe began serving as executive director. The center sought out to follow Howard Baker Jr. s bipartisan line of reasoning in all of their research, the Baker Center was originally located in Hoskins Library, but moved to the newly constructed Howard H. Baker Jr. Center for Public Policy in 2008, the new facility is located on the corner of Melrose and Cumberland, and officially opened to the public on October 31,2008. The museum was removed and now houses the Chancellor Honors Program offices. As a part of the ceremony, The Honorable Sandra Day OConnor spoke along with Howard Baker Jr. Dr. Matt Murray is the active director, Howard H. Baker Jr. was the first popularly elected Republican senator from Tennessee. First elected in 1967, Senator Bakers penchant for bipartisanship resulted in his ascent to Senate leadership, after retiring from public office, Senator Baker returned to government to serve as White House chief of staff to President Ronald Reagan in 1987. In 2001, President George W. Bush appointed Senator Baker ambassador to Japan, Senator Baker rose above party lines to craft solutions to some of the nations most pressing issues. Center for Public Policy was established in 2003 to honor the Senators distinguished career through the promotion of civic involvement in politics, public policy research, and student engagement. Throughout the year, the Baker Center hosts lectures, conferences, roundtable discussions, classes, and other events that address the key issues of today’s world. Although its programming is wide in scope, the Baker Center is especially focused on four topics, governance studies, energy and environment, and global security. ”Those values are at the heart of the Baker Studies Program’s mission, which is essentially twofold. First, the Baker Studies Program encourages and facilitates the use of the Modern Political Archives housed at the Baker Center. For instance, the archives’ Oral History Program includes the transcripts of some 300 interviews of Senator Baker, second, the Baker Studies Program provides a unique forum for exploring the values that Senator Baker epitomized in his career in public service. Hopefully, public policy makers will be inspired by that career
25.
Frank H. McClung Museum
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The McClung Museum of Natural History and Culture is a general museum located on the campus of the University of Tennessee in Knoxville. Built in 1963, exhibits focus on history, archaeology, anthropology, decorative arts. The Museum hosts various changing exhibits of art, history and culture, currently, the Museum features two temporary exhibitions. The first is entitled Glass of the Ancient Mediterranean and is on loan from the Yale University Art Gallery, the second is entitled Brightly Beaded, North American Indian Glass Beadwork and is a collection of loaned items from private donors and the Museums own holdings. Permanent exhibits include, The Eternal Voice, A collection of artifacts from Egyptian spanning the pre-dynastic to the Ptolemaic periods, the Civil War Experience in Knoxville. Decorative Arts Gallery, Art pieces in media and from many countries. The McClung Museum is accredited by the American Alliance of Museums and is an affiliate of the Smithsonian Institution, east Tennessee Historical Society McClung Museum Homepage
26.
Neyland Stadium
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Neyland Stadium is a sports stadium in Knoxville, Tennessee, United States. It serves primarily as the home of the Tennessee Volunteers football team, the stadiums official capacity is 102,455. Neyland Stadium is the fifth largest stadium in the United States, the sixth largest stadium in the world, the stadium is named for Robert Neyland, who served three stints as head football coach at the University of Tennessee between 1926 and 1952. The Tennessee Volunteers football team played at Baldwin Park, which was once located between Grand Avenue and Dale Avenue, north of Fort Sanders. From 1909 to 1920, the played at Wait Field. The stadium was first conceived in 1919, colonel W. S. Shields, president of Knoxvilles City National Bank and a University of Tennessee trustee, provided the initial capital to prepare and equip an athletic field. At the groups behest, students and faculty finished the field over a two-day period, an invitational track meet was then held as a celebration and thus became the very first event at Neyland Stadium. The first UT football game at the stadium took place on September 24,1921, with the Vols defeating Emory & Henry, the first night game at Neyland Stadium was played on September 16,1972, with the Vols defeating Penn State, 28–21. In 1962, the stadium was renamed Neyland Stadium in honor of General Robert Neyland, the playing field continued to be named Shields-Watkins field. Neyland, the man credited with making the Vols a national power, coached the team from 1926–1952. Reflecting the Vols growth in stature, the stadiums capacity jumped more than 14-fold during his 38-year association with UT as either an assistant coach, head coach, or athletic director. By comparison, when it had originally built in 1921, it was not even a fraction the size of Tennessees largest football stadium at the time. Shortly before his death, he spearheaded the stadiums first major expansion, the plans he drafted were so far ahead of their time that they have formed the basis for every expansion since then. The playing surface is still named Shields–Watkins Field, the latest additions and updates to the facility were part of a $136.4 million series of renovations, beginning in 2004 and completed by 2010. In a Spring 2001 poll in The Sporting News, Neyland Stadium was ranked as the nations #1 college football stadium, in 2004, Sports Illustrated ranked Neyland Stadium, the University of Tennessee campus, and the surrounding Knoxville area, as the best college football weekend experience. On April 8,2009, it was announced that Neyland Stadium was one of the 70 stadiums named for the United States bid to either the 2018 or 2022 World Cup, attendance has been recorded for Tennessee Volunteer football games at Neyland Stadium since 1946. Average attendance since that year has been 68,925 fans per game, the largest crowd ever recorded at Neyland Stadium was 109,061 on September 18,2004, when Tennessee defeated Florida, 30–28. Tennessee set a record by averaging 107,595 fans per home game in 2000
27.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
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Oak Ridge National Laboratory is an American multiprogram science and technology national laboratory managed for the United States Department of Energy by UT-Battelle. ORNL is the largest science and energy national laboratory in the Department of Energy system by surface, ORNL is located in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, near Knoxville. ORNLs scientific programs focus on materials, neutron science, energy, high-performance computing, systems biology, ORNL partners with the state of Tennessee, universities and industries to solve challenges in energy, advanced materials, manufacturing, security and physics. ORNL hosts the Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, the BioEnergy Science Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory is managed by UT-Battelle, a limited liability partnership between the University of Tennessee and the Battelle Memorial Institute, formed in 2000 for that purpose. The annual budget is US$1.65 billion, 80% of which is from the Department of Energy, as of 2012 there are 4,400 staff working at ORNL,1,600 of whom are directly conducting research, and an additional 3,000 guest researchers annually. The total area of the reservation 150 square kilometres of which the lab takes up 18 square kilometres, the town of Oak Ridge was established by the Army Corps of Engineers as part of the Clinton Engineer Works in 1942 on isolated farm land as part of the Manhattan Project. During the war, advanced research for the government was managed at the site by the University of Chicago, in 1943, construction of the Clinton Laboratories was completed, later renamed to Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The site was chosen for the X-10 Graphite Reactor, used to show that plutonium can be extracted from enriched uranium, enrico Fermi and his colleagues developed the worlds second self-sustaining nuclear reactor after Fermis previous experiment, the Chicago Pile-1. The X-10 was the first reactor designed for continuous operation, in 1946 the first medical isotopes were produced in the X-10 reactor, by 1950 almost 20,000 samples had been shipped to various hospitals. As the demand for military science had fallen dramatically the future of the lab was uncertain, management of the lab was contracted by the US government to Monsanto, however, they withdrew in 1947. In 1950 the Oak Ridge School of Reactor Technology was established with two courses in operation and safety, almost 1000 students graduated. Another project was the worlds first light water reactor, with its principles of neutron moderation and fuel cooling by ordinary water it is the direct ancestor of most modern nuclear power stations. The US Military funded much of its development, for nuclear-powered submarines, the US Army contracted portable nuclear reactors in 1953 for heat and electricity generation in remote military bases. The reactors were designed at ORNL, produced by American Locomotive Company and used in Greenland, the United States Air Force also contributed funding to three reactors, the labs first computers, and its first particle accelerators. ORNL designed and tested an aircraft in 1954 as a proof-of-concept for a proposed USAF fleet of long-range bombers. The provision of radionuclides by X-10 for medicine grew steadily in the 1950s with more isotopes available, ORNL scientists lowered the immune systems of mice and performed the worlds first successful bone marrow transplant. In the early 1960s there was a push at ORNL to develop nuclear-powered desalination plants where deserts met the sea to provide water. The Health Physics Research Reactor built in 1962 was used for exposure experiments leading to more accurate dosage limits, dosimeters
28.
Smokey (mascot)
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Smokey is the mascot of the University of Tennessee sports teams. These teams, named The Volunteers and nicknamed the Vols, use both a live and a version of Smokey. There is an actual Bluetick Coonhound mascot, Smokey X, who leads the Vols on the field for football games, the Alpha Gamma Rho fraternity cares for the hound on the University of Tennessee campus. There is also a mascot that appears at every Vols game and has won several mascot championships. In 1953, the University of Tennessee Pep Club held a contest to select a coonhound, announcements of the contest in local newspapers read, This cant be an ordinary hound. He must be a Houn Dog in the best sense of the word, Bill Brooks entered his prize-winning bluetick coonhound, Brooks Blue Smokey, in the schools contest. At halftime of the Mississippi State game that season, several dogs were lined up on the old cheerleaders ramp at Shields-Watkins Field for voting, each dog was introduced over the loudspeaker, and the student body cheered for their favorite. Blue Smokey was the last hound introduced, when his name was called, he barked. The students cheered and Smokey threw his back and howled again. This kept going until the stadium was in an uproar, Blue Smokey would compile a 10-10-1 record during his two seasons as Vols mascot. Tennessees first mascot met a sudden and tragic end in 1955, Smokey II took over for his father as the Vols mascot when he was only 3-months-old. In 1955, students from the University of Kentucky kidnapped him for eight days, dressing him in a blue and white blanket with a large ‘K’, smokey’s captors returned him just before kickoff. A week later, three Vanderbilt students tried the same heist at the Brooks house, but ended up taking an old hunting dog instead. Smokey II was also involved in an incident with the Baylor Bears live bear mascot Judge at the 1957 Sugar Bowl, in 1963, Smokey died in Lexington shortly after the Vols game against Kentucky, reportedly because someone fed him a chocolate pie. Smokey III assumed the role of Tennessee mascot on June 18,1964 and he compiled a 105-39-5 record, attended ten bowl games, and presided over two SEC championships during his tenure. Smokey IV became mascot on September 24,1973 and he compiled a 12-10-1 record with the Vols, but sadly, he died of cancer on December 4,1979. Smokey IV never produced offspring before his death, and thus the bloodline was broken, Smokey V was the nephew of Smokey IV. He assumed the role of mascot on June 1,1980 when he was just 12-weeks-old, sadly, his reign would come to an end when he was hit by a car
29.
Knoxville Area Transit
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Knoxville Area Transit, commonly referred to as KAT, is the operator of public transportation in Knox County, Tennessee. Service on KAT routes operate Weekdays and Saturdays with route 11,12,20,22,31 and 41 offering Sunday service, all routes, except for routes 16,19,44,76 and 90 start at the Knoxville Station in Downtown. Knoxville Trolley Lines is a shuttle service which provides service to the university. KAT formerly operated the service for the University of Tennessee. Public transportation in Knoxville dates back to 1876 when the first street cars of the Knoxville Street Railway Company were pulled by horses and mules along tracks on Gay Street. Since then, the system has undergone considerable changes, beginning in 1890 with the conversion from animal-drawn to electric-powered streetcars. In 1910, the system serviced 11 million passengers each year on 42 miles of track, by the late 1940s, the system had mainly switched from electric streetcars to all buses, with electric streetcars making their last run in 1947. Later, in 1958, a bus service to the University of Tennessee was added to the system, the bus service continued to get upgrades, with air-conditioned GMC buses added to the Knoxville transit fleet in 1972. From the 90s onward, the KAT system continued to upgrade, with a focus on environmental responsibility, the next year, the KAT system was named North American Transit System of the Year by the American Public Transportation Association. In 2010, the system again changed facilities, moving its center of operations to the John J. Duncan. In 2014, KAT introduced three hybrid vehicles into its regular fleet,10 Sequyoah Hills 11 Kingston Pike*12 Western Avenue*. 16 Cedar Bluff Connector 17 Sutherland/Bearden 19 Lakeshore/Lonas Connector 20 Central Avenue/Clinton Hwy*, *-these routes offer 7 day service. Orange line trolley Blue line trolley Green line trolley KAT offers Paratransit LIFT service for persons who are unable to use regular fixed-route buses. The LIFT is by reservation only, and you must be certified by KAT to use the service, 31-40 Gillig Trolley 2001-2003 Ford E350 321-326 Ford E450 710-721 Optima 30-Foot 931-937 Optima 35-Foot 3001-3006 Ford E450 3007-3012 Ford Champion brought out on July 11,2016. 4001-4026 Gillig LF35 Foot 5001-5008 Gillig LF40 Foot 5009-5011 Gillig LF40 Foot Hybrid Electric Future bus numbers, 4027-4033, Gillig 35 hybrid electric low floor buses. KAT buses operate normally 6 days a week from about 5, till 9,15 p. m. with some routes ending at 11, 15p. m. KAT does not operate on the holidays, New Years Day, Independence Day, Thanksgiving. Saturday Schedule is in effect on Martin Luther King Day, Memorial Day, Labor Day, Day before Christmas, as of January 2,2017 the following routes offer 7 day service,11,12,20,22,23,31,33,41
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University of Tennessee Space Institute
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The University of Tennessee Space Institute, also known as UTSI, is a satellite campus of the University of Tennessee located near Tullahoma, Tennessee. In recent years, enrollment has declined somewhat, a decision was made several years ago to put maximum emphasis on postgraduate study at this location so that the university would not be in effect competing with itself for undergraduate students. UTSI was born in the aftermath of World War II and in the midst of the Cold War, the seeds that ultimately led to UTSI began in the 1930s. Had the German manufacturing capability been equivalent to that of the United States, president Harry Truman vowed in 1951 that, Never again will the United States ride the coattails of other countries in the progress and development of the aeronautical art. Construction of this facility, which was to be known as Arnold Engineering Development Center, numerous efforts were conducted while AEDC was under construction to develop a viable concept for an education and research institute that would exist in a collaborative relationship with AEDC. In 1952, an Institute of Flight Sciences was strongly recommended to foster graduate programs, lecture and symposia programs, however, no consensus could be developed as to how to proceed and the concept was abandoned in 1959. Dr. Joel F. Bailey was the director of the UT effort. The year 1958 sent a new shock wave throughout the world when the Soviet Union orbited the Sputnik satellite, in the aftermath of this event, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration was formed. NASA initially considered absorbing AEDC, but ultimately decided to leave it with the Air Force, however, the need for space education was severely felt at AEDC, just as throughout the rest of the military and at NASA. Very few academic institutions offered engineering or refresher courses in technology at that time. Goethert seized upon this national need and proposed to the Air Force, as a result of Dr. Goethert’s proposal, the University of Tennessee Space Institute was finally established in 1964. UTSI is an institution unlike any in the United States, perhaps even the entire world and it plays a unique role of vital importance to the US Air Force. It was founded in the wake of two technological revolutions – the development of the airplane and the development of the rocket. In the years since 1964, UTSI’s faculty, students, and alumni have played roles in the furthering of American technological superiority in aeronautics
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Tennessee Volunteers
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The Tennessee Volunteers and Lady Volunteers are the 18 male and female varsity intercollegiate athletics programs that represent the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee. The Volunteers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association as a member of the Southeastern Conference, in September 2011 Dave Hart, formerly the assistant athletic director at the University of Alabama, was introduced as Tennessees new athletic director. Mens and womens teams with the exception of womens basketball are called the Volunteers The Tennessee womens basketball team is called the Lady Volunteers and these names come from the nickname of Tennessee, The Volunteer State. The Tennessee Volunteers have competed in the Southeastern Conference since its inception in 1932, the Vols have adopted a tradition for competing in every sport often resulting in many teams being ranked in the top 25. Tennessee has been known for its football and womens basketball programs that have featured several famous coaches including Robert Neyland and Pat Summitt. Tennessees football team won the first ever BCS National Championship Game, Tennessee womens basketball team won the 2007 and 2008 National Championships earning Pat Summit her eighth national title, which is the most in womens basketball. The only Tennessee sport that does not compete in the SEC is womens rowing which competes in C-USA, many of Tennessees traditions come from the early 20th century. Tennessees orange and white colors were selected by Charles Moore, a member of the first football team in 1891 and they were later approved by a student body vote. The colors were chosen because of the common American daisy which grew on The Hill, the orange color is distinct to the school, dubbed UT Orange, and has been offered by The Home Depot for sale as a paint, licensed by the university. Home games at Neyland Stadium have been described as a sea of Orange due to the number of fans wearing the school color. Derives from the usage of UT Orange, Tennessee adopted the name Volunteers, or more commonly Vols, because of a now-official nickname that Tennessee received during the War of 1812, the Volunteer State. The name became more prominent in the Mexican War when Governor Aaron V. Brown issued a call for 2,800 men to battle Santa Ana. The iconized T that represents the mens Tennessee sports programs was introduced by Doug Dickey, when his name was called, he barked. The students cheered and Smokey threw his back and barked again. This kept going until the stadium was in an uproar and UT had found its mascot, changes came in 1983 and 2010, namely the direction of the team from simply turning around to going right and then left out of the T. From the teams locker room at the end zone. The Hill is another highly memorable aspect about UT because since the 19th century, the university, founded in 1794 as Blount College, moved to The Hill in 1828 and quickly grew around it. The main part of UTs old campus stands on this rise above the shore of the Tennessee River
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Tennessee Volunteers football
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The Tennessee Volunteers football program represents the University of Tennessee in the sport of American football. The Volunteers compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association and their all-time ranking in bowl appearances is third and sixth in all-time bowl victories, most notably four Sugar Bowls, three Cotton Bowls, an Orange Bowl, and a Fiesta Bowl. Also Tennessee and The Ohio State University are the only 2 programs left in the country to never have a season of more than 7 losses. They have won 13 conference championships and six titles in their history. Additionally, its 102,455 seat capacity makes Neyland the nations fifth largest stadium, the team is currently coached by Butch Jones. The Volunteers began wearing orange pants in 1977 under coach Johnny Majors and his successor, Phillip Fulmer, discarded the pants upon becoming Majors full-time replacement in 1993. The orange pants were worn three times under Fulmer, in the 1999 homecoming game vs. Memphis, the 2007 SEC Championship game vs. LSU, and the 2008 season opener at UCLA. Lane Kiffin wore the orange pants full-time on the road, except for the 2009 season finale vs. Kentucky, in 2009, the Volunteers wore black jerseys with orange pants on Halloween night against the South Carolina Gamecocks. On October 5,2013, the team debuted its Smokey Gray uniforms in a loss to the Georgia Bulldogs at Neyland Stadium. After more than a decade of Adidas uniforms and a year of speculation, the orange and white colors worn by the football team were selected by Charles Moore, a member of the very first football squad in 1891. They were from the American Daisy which grew on The Hill, the orange color is distinct to the school, dubbed UT Orange, and has been offered by The Home Depot for sale as a paint, licensed by the university. Home games at Neyland Stadium have been described as a sea of Orange due to the number of fans wearing the school color. Derives from the usage of UT Orange, the color is spot color PMS151 as described by the University. Tennessee first sported the famous design in 1964 under Dickey. They brought the design back in 1989, the idea was inspired by the checkerboard design around the top of historic Ayres Hall. The checkerboard was bordered in orange from 1989 until natural grass replaced the turf in 1994. The return of natural grass brought with it the return of the border that exists today. Rocky Top is not the official Tennessee fight song, as is widely believed, the Band began playing the fight song during the 1970s after it became popular as a Bluegrass tune by the Osborne Brothers
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Tennessee Volunteers baseball
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The Tennessee Volunteers baseball team represents the University of Tennessee in NCAA Division I college baseball. Along with most other Tennessee athletic teams, the team participates in the Eastern division of the Southeastern Conference. The Volunteers play all home games at Lindsey Nelson Stadium. The Volunteers currently play home games at Robert M. Lindsay Field at Lindsey Nelson Stadium, the facility is undergoing extensive renovations at this time. Lindsey Nelson Stadium was constructed between 1992 and 1993 seasons at the site of the old facility called Lower Hudson Field, the program had played in past in various locations including Lower Hudson Field and Shields-Watkins Field. Lindsey Nelson was a Hall of Fame Broadcaster, Tennessee native and university alumnus best known for his work with the University of Tennessee, the New York Mets, San Francisco Giants, National Football League and the annual Cotton Bowl Classic. The playing field was named for Maryville, Tennessee native Robert M. Lindsay in 2007 after a $2 million athletic department contribution by Mr. Lindsay, Mr. Lindsays father Rus Lindsay played baseball at the University of Tennessee from 1913 to 1916. The record attendance at Lindsey Nelson stadium is 5,086 for a NCAA Regional championship game against Oklahoma State University on May 28,1995, in 2011, after four poor seasons as Head Coach, Todd Raleigh was dismissed. On June 16,2011 Dave Serrano was officially introduced as the Vols 24th head baseball coach, Serrano returns to the program where he started his first Division I job as an assistant coach between 1995 and 1996. Serranos first coaching trip to Omaha came with the Vols in 1995 featuring Todd Helton and he is one of only 11 coaches to take two different baseball programs to the College World Series and has a career record of 289-139-1 in seven seasons as a Division I coach
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Tennessee Volunteers basketball
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The Tennessee Volunteers mens basketball team is the intercollegiate men’s basketball program for the University of Tennessee–Knoxville. The Volunteers compete in Division I of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the Volunteers play their home games in Thompson–Boling Arena. With a capacity of 21,678, Tennessee has consistently ranked in the top fifteen in the nation in terms of attendance, historically, Tennessee ranks fifth in the SEC in all-time wins. Many notable players have played collegiately at Tennessee—players such as Bernard King, Ernie Grunfeld, Allan Houston, Dale Ellis, the Volunteers are currently coached by Rick Barnes, who was hired on March 31,2015 to replace Donnie Tyndall. In 1963, the University of Tennessee hired Ray Mears to become the coach of the mens basketball program. The hiring of Mears, who was coming off a NCAA small college championship at Wittenberg University, in his first year, Mears’s Volunteers improved from a 4–19 record in 1962 to 13–11, highlighted by two wins over the Kentucky Wildcats. Before Mears, Tennessee had only beaten the Wildcats twice in 39 meetings, throughout his career, Mears gained notoriety throughout the SEC for frequently being a thorn in the powerhouse Kentucky’s side. In an era where Kentucky was coached by future College Basketball Hall of Fame members Adolph Rupp, Hall, winning 75% of their games, Mears recorded a 15–15 record against the Wildcats. Led by A. W. Davis, the Volunteers finished second in the SEC in each of the two seasons and recorded 20 wins in 1965, reaching that mark for the first time in 17 years. This success and the resultant growing fan support led to the decision to expand the 7, 500-seat Amory-Fieldhouse into a 12. It was renamed Stokely Athletic Center to honor William B, Stokely, whose donation funded the renovation. In the Stokely Centers inaugural season, the Volunteers captured the 1967 SEC championship, dubbed the Fearless Five, the 1967 team won road games against top conference teams Florida, Kentucky, and Mississippi State. From 1968 to 1973, Mears kept Tennessee among the top teams of the SEC, winning a second SEC championship in 1972, in 1974, Mears and his trusted assistant Stu Aberdeen were able to recruit New York City standout forward Ernie Grunfeld to Knoxville. In his freshman season, Grunfeld led the team in scoring, averaging 17.4 points per game, the following season, Grunfeld was joined by fellow New Yorker Bernard King. Known as The Ernie and Bernie Show, King and Grunfeld led the Volunteers to a 61–20 record over three years and an SEC championship in 1977, during their three years together, Tennessee posted a 5–1 record against Kentucky. The Volunteers reached the National Invitation Tournament in 1975 and the NCAA Tournament in 1976 and 1977. King was named first-team All-American and SEC Player of the Year in 1975 and 1976, Grunfeld graduated from Tennessee in 1977 and King chose to forgo his senior year to enter the NBA draft. King was drafted 7th overall to the New Jersey Nets and Grunfeld went 11th overall to the Milwaukee Bucks, both enjoyed long and illustrious NBA careers
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Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball
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The Tennessee Lady Volunteers basketball team represents the University of Tennessee in Knoxville, Tennessee in NCAA womens basketball competition. The university considers either Lady Volunteers or Lady Vols acceptable, the Lady Vols have won at least a share of the SEC regular season championship 17 times, won 17 SEC tournament championships, made 18 Final Four appearances, and won 8 national championships. The Lady Vols were coached by Pat Summitt for over four decades, under Summitt, the Lady Vols won numerous SEC titles, appeared in 18 NCAA Final Fours and 4 AIAW Final Fours, and won 8 NCAA titles including an undefeated season. Additionally, Tennessee is the team to have appeared in all 36 NCAA Tournaments. Summitts teams are known for participating in a regular season schedule, often toughest in the nation. This tough schedule has caused Tennessee to build up rivalries with many prominent teams, including Texas, Stanford, Louisiana Tech, Old Dominion, like other Tennessee teams, the Lady Vols compete in the SEC, which has historically been the most dominant conference in the sport. Within the conference, Tennessees main rivals are LSU, Vanderbilt, Summitt has led Tennessee to 1000 victories, with an 84. 2% win rate. The numbers at home are even stronger, as Tennessee has won 91% of home games and 93. 1% of in-conference home games, Lady Vols basketball began at the beginning of the 20th century. However, most seasons consisted of three or four games, the sport was dropped in 1926 and was not picked up again until 1960. Coach Joan Cronan went 8–10 over two seasons before being replaced by Margaret Hutson, who coached for four years with a 60–18 record, in 1974, Pat Head was named the new coach. Head had previously played basketball for the UT-Martin Pacers, and had just graduated. In the 1974–1975 season, Pat Head took over a 25–2 Lady Vols team, in her opening season, the Lady Vols won the TCWSF Eastern District Championship for the third straight year. However, the team finished only 4th overall in the TCWSF, after finishing 16–11 her second season, Head directed two 20-win teams, winning back-to-back AIAW Region-II championships. 1978 included the Lady Vols defeating 3-time AIAW champion Delta State by 20,1978 saw the Lady Vols participate in their first AIAW Final Four, where they finished 3rd. Head also recorded her 100th win during this season, a 79–66 victory over NC State, Tennessee finished up the 1970s by winning the first ever SEC tournament, and returning to the Final Four, where they finished runner-up to Old Dominion, 68–53. During the 1980–1981 season, the Lady Vols went 25–6, the team made it to the AIAW Final Four for the third straight year, but wound up as runner-up for the second consecutive year, losing to Louisiana Tech, 79–59. The 1981–1982 season featured the first ever NCAA Womens basketball tournament, the Lady Vols were one of 32 teams invited and named a 2 seed in their region. In the region championship, the Lady Vols upset first seeded USC 91–90 in overtime to advance to the Final Four and they would lose their Final Four match-up with Louisiana Tech who ended up winning the tournament
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Tennessee Volunteers men's cross country
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The Tennessee Volunteers mens cross country program represents the University of Tennessee located in Knoxville, Tennessee. The mens program competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, the mens cross country team officially started in 1924. Upon entering the 2011-2012 school year George Watts had been a part of the University of Tennessee cross country team for 26 years, under his mentor he has developed 25 All-SEC citations,13 All-SEC or All-South Region, three SEC All-Freshman honorees and three All-America performers. In May 2014, it was announced by Athletic Director Dave Hart that Director of Track, later, in June 2014, it was announced that Beth Alford-Sullivan would be the next Director of Track and Field/Cross Country at the University of Tennessee. This hire made her the first female SEC coach of any mens team, the Tennessee Volunteers program began competing in 1924. It wasnt until 1962 that the team gained its first coach, under his guidance the Vols reached new heights winning multiple SEC regular season and tournament championships. Under his guidance the Vols reached their first NCAA Tournament appearance in 1963 where they finished 5th, the team would find even more success with the hire of Stan Huntsman who led UT to many trips to the NCAA Tournament and won the Volunteers their first and last national title. From 1962-2009 the team has amassed a 201-38-1 record in dual meets earning them a.840 winning percentage. The Lambert Acres Golf Club has been the site of all cross country meets for the Tennessee Volunteers for 13 seasons, the course serves as a 27-hole golf course, and is nestled in the foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains and boasts 9,525 yards. Since 1998 the course has hosted the Tennessee Invitational 10 times, the NCAA South Regional in 2002,2006 and 2008, Tennessee has a total of 17 mens cross country All-Americans NCAA Mens Cross Country Championship Official website
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Tennessee Volunteers women's cross country
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The Tennessee Volunteers womens cross country program represents the University of Tennessee located in Knoxville, Tennessee. The womens program competes in the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I, the womens cross country team officially started in 1974. The Tennessee Volunteers program began competing in 1974 and within three years reached their first AIAW Championship Tournament appearance, the Lady Vols won their first SEC title in 1983 and finished fourth in the NCAA Tournament. The most successful coach for the Lady Volunteers has been J. J. Clark who is well on his way to reaching 800 wins at UT, under his guidance he has sent Tennessees Lady Vols to six NCAA Tournament appearances in nine years. The Lambert Acres Golf Club has been the site of all cross country meets for the Volunteers for 13 seasons, the course serves as a 27-hole golf course, and is nestled in the foothills of the Great Smoky Mountains and boasts 9,525 yards. Since 1998 the course has hosted the Tennessee Invitational 10 times, the NCAA South Regional in 2002,2006 and 2008, the Volunteers have a total of 11 womens cross country AIAW/NCAA All-Americans NCAA Womens Cross Country Championship Official website
