1.
Reference route (New York)
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The majority of reference routes are owned by the state of New York and maintained by NYSDOT, however, some exceptions exist. The reference route designations are normally posted on reference markers, small green signs located every tenth-mile on the side of the road, reference route numbers are always three digit numbers in the 900s with a single alphabetic suffix. The designations are assigned in numerical and alphabetical order within a region. Certain letters are avoided, such as O and I, Designations are assigned as follows, The first digit is 9, distinguishing the number as a reference route designation. The second digit corresponds to the NYSDOT region number the route is in, the third digit is 6 for collector/distributor roads along limited access highways, 7–9 for parkways, and 0–5 for all other roads. An older system of route numbering used numbers ranging from 800 to 999 without an alphabetic suffix. Some reference markers with these numbers still exist, even though these reference routes have new numbers. Every road maintained by NYSDOT also has a highway number. NYSDOT Region 1 primarily covers the Capital District, Saratoga–Champlain and Upper Hudson Valley areas, the counties comprising this region are Albany, Essex, Greene, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Warren, and Washington. Region 2 primarily covers the Central, Mohawk Valley, and south-central Adirondack areas of New York, the counties comprising this region are Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Madison, Montgomery, and Oneida. Region 3 primarily covers the eastern Finger Lakes area, the counties comprising this region are Cayuga, Cortland, Onondaga, Oswego, Seneca, and Tompkins. Region 4 primarily covers the western Finger Lakes and Genesee Valley areas, the counties comprising this region are Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, Wayne, and Wyoming. Region 5 primarily covers the Niagara Frontier and southwestern New York, the counties comprising this region are Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, and Niagara. Region 6 primarily covers the western and central portions of the Southern Tier, the counties comprising this region are Allegany, Chemung, Schuyler, Steuben, and Yates. Reference routes for Tioga County are also listed here, as Tioga County was in Region 6 until August 2007, Region 7 primarily covers the North Country and the northern portion of the Adirondacks. The counties comprising this region are Clinton, Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, Region 8 primarily covers the Middle and Lower Hudson Valley. The counties comprising this region are Columbia, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Ulster, Region 9 primarily covers the eastern Southern Tier and the Central Leatherstocking and Catskill regions. The counties comprising this region are Broome, Chenango, Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Region 9 also includes Tioga County, however, the reference routes in Tioga County have designations corresponding to Region 6 since the county was part of Region 6 when the routes were assigned
2.
New York (state)
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New York is a state in the northeastern United States, and is the 27th-most extensive, fourth-most populous, and seventh-most densely populated U. S. state. New York is bordered by New Jersey and Pennsylvania to the south and Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Vermont to the east. With an estimated population of 8.55 million in 2015, New York City is the most populous city in the United States, the New York Metropolitan Area is one of the most populous urban agglomerations in the world. New York City makes up over 40% of the population of New York State, two-thirds of the states population lives in the New York City Metropolitan Area, and nearly 40% lives on Long Island. Both the state and New York City were named for the 17th-century Duke of York, the next four most populous cities in the state are Buffalo, Rochester, Yonkers, and Syracuse, while the state capital is Albany. New York has a diverse geography and these more mountainous regions are bisected by two major river valleys—the north-south Hudson River Valley and the east-west Mohawk River Valley, which forms the core of the Erie Canal. Western New York is considered part of the Great Lakes Region and straddles Lake Ontario, between the two lakes lies Niagara Falls. The central part of the state is dominated by the Finger Lakes, New York had been inhabited by tribes of Algonquian and Iroquoian-speaking Native Americans for several hundred years by the time the earliest Europeans came to New York. The first Europeans to arrive were French colonists and Jesuit missionaries who arrived southward from settlements at Montreal for trade, the British annexed the colony from the Dutch in 1664. The borders of the British colony, the Province of New York, were similar to those of the present-day state, New York is home to the Statue of Liberty, a symbol of the United States and its ideals of freedom, democracy, and opportunity. In the 21st century, New York has emerged as a node of creativity and entrepreneurship, social tolerance. On April 17,1524 Verrazanno entered New York Bay, by way of the now called the Narrows into the northern bay which he named Santa Margherita. Verrazzano described it as a vast coastline with a delta in which every kind of ship could pass and he adds. This vast sheet of water swarmed with native boats and he landed on the tip of Manhattan and possibly on the furthest point of Long Island. Verrazannos stay was interrupted by a storm which pushed him north towards Marthas Vineyard, in 1540 French traders from New France built a chateau on Castle Island, within present-day Albany, due to flooding, it was abandoned the next year. In 1614, the Dutch under the command of Hendrick Corstiaensen, rebuilt the French chateau, Fort Nassau was the first Dutch settlement in North America, and was located along the Hudson River, also within present-day Albany. The small fort served as a trading post and warehouse, located on the Hudson River flood plain, the rudimentary fort was washed away by flooding in 1617, and abandoned for good after Fort Orange was built nearby in 1623. Henry Hudsons 1609 voyage marked the beginning of European involvement with the area, sailing for the Dutch East India Company and looking for a passage to Asia, he entered the Upper New York Bay on September 11 of that year
3.
New York State Route 940U
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The majority of reference routes are owned by the state of New York and maintained by NYSDOT, however, some exceptions exist. The reference route designations are normally posted on reference markers, small green signs located every tenth-mile on the side of the road, reference route numbers are always three digit numbers in the 900s with a single alphabetic suffix. The designations are assigned in numerical and alphabetical order within a region. Certain letters are avoided, such as O and I, Designations are assigned as follows, The first digit is 9, distinguishing the number as a reference route designation. The second digit corresponds to the NYSDOT region number the route is in, the third digit is 6 for collector/distributor roads along limited access highways, 7–9 for parkways, and 0–5 for all other roads. An older system of route numbering used numbers ranging from 800 to 999 without an alphabetic suffix. Some reference markers with these numbers still exist, even though these reference routes have new numbers. Every road maintained by NYSDOT also has a highway number. NYSDOT Region 1 primarily covers the Capital District, Saratoga–Champlain and Upper Hudson Valley areas, the counties comprising this region are Albany, Essex, Greene, Rensselaer, Saratoga, Schenectady, Warren, and Washington. Region 2 primarily covers the Central, Mohawk Valley, and south-central Adirondack areas of New York, the counties comprising this region are Fulton, Hamilton, Herkimer, Madison, Montgomery, and Oneida. Region 3 primarily covers the eastern Finger Lakes area, the counties comprising this region are Cayuga, Cortland, Onondaga, Oswego, Seneca, and Tompkins. Region 4 primarily covers the western Finger Lakes and Genesee Valley areas, the counties comprising this region are Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, Wayne, and Wyoming. Region 5 primarily covers the Niagara Frontier and southwestern New York, the counties comprising this region are Cattaraugus, Chautauqua, Erie, and Niagara. Region 6 primarily covers the western and central portions of the Southern Tier, the counties comprising this region are Allegany, Chemung, Schuyler, Steuben, and Yates. Reference routes for Tioga County are also listed here, as Tioga County was in Region 6 until August 2007, Region 7 primarily covers the North Country and the northern portion of the Adirondacks. The counties comprising this region are Clinton, Franklin, Jefferson, Lewis, Region 8 primarily covers the Middle and Lower Hudson Valley. The counties comprising this region are Columbia, Dutchess, Orange, Putnam, Rockland, Ulster, Region 9 primarily covers the eastern Southern Tier and the Central Leatherstocking and Catskill regions. The counties comprising this region are Broome, Chenango, Delaware, Otsego, Schoharie, Region 9 also includes Tioga County, however, the reference routes in Tioga County have designations corresponding to Region 6 since the county was part of Region 6 when the routes were assigned
4.
Concurrency (road)
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A concurrency in a road network is an instance of one physical road bearing two or more different highway, motorway, or other route numbers. When two freeways share the same right-of-way, it is called a common section or commons. Other terminology for a concurrency includes overlap, coincidence, duplex, triplex, multiplex, concurrent numbering can become very common in countries that allow it. In some countries, however, concurrent numbering is avoided by posting only one number on road signs. Criticism of concurrencies include environmental intrusion, as well as being considered a factor in road accidents, most concurrencies are simply a combination of two route numbers on the same physical road. This is often advantageous as well as economically advantageous, it may be better for two route numbers to be combined into one along riverways or through mountain valleys. Some nations allow for concurrencies to occur, however, some nations specifically do not allow it to happen, in those nations which do permit concurrencies, it can become very common. In these countries, there are a variety of concurrences which can occur, an example of this is the concurrency of I-70 and I-76 on the Pennsylvania Turnpike in western Pennsylvania. A triple Interstate concurrency is found north of Madison, Wisconsin, with I-39, I-90, Wisconsin has another triple Interstate concurrency along the five-mile section of I-41, I-43, and I-894 in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. The concurrency of I-41 and I-43 on this roadway is an example of a wrong-way concurrency, the longest Interstate highway concurrency is I-80 and I-90 for 265 miles across Indiana and Ohio. There are examples of eight-way concurrencies, I-465 around Indianapolis and Georgia State Route 10 Loop around downtown Athens, Georgia. Portions of the 53-mile I-465 overlap with I-74, US31, US36, US40, US52, US421, SR37, seven of the eight other designations overlap between exits 46 and 47 to create an eight-way concurrency. In the United States, concurrencies are simply marked by placing signs for both routes on the same or adjacent posts, the federal Manual on Uniform Traffic Control Devices prescribes that when mounting these adjacent signs together that the numbers will be arranged vertically or horizontally in order of precedence. The order to be used is Interstate Highways, U. S. Highways, state highways, and finally county roads, several states do not officially have any concurrencies, instead officially ending routes on each side of one. There are several circumstances where unusual concurrencies exist along state borders, one example occurs along the Oklahoma–Arkansas state line. At the northern end of this border Oklahoma State Highway 20 runs concurrently with Arkansas Highway 43, concurrencies are also found in Canada. In Manitoba, the Trans-Canada Highway from Winnipeg to Portage la Prairie is concurrently signed with Yellowhead Highway, in Ontario, the Queen Elizabeth Way and Highway 403 run concurrently between Burlington and Oakville, forming the provinces only concurrency between two 400-series highways. In the United Kingdom, routes do not run concurrently with others, where this would normally occur, the roadway takes the number of only one of the routes, while the other routes are considered to have a gap and are signed in brackets
5.
Great Britain road numbering scheme
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The Great Britain road numbering scheme is a numbering scheme used to classify and identify all roads in Great Britain. Each road is given a letter, which represents the roads category. Introduced to arrange funding allocations, the numbers soon became used on maps, two sub-schemes exist, one for motorways, and another for non-motorway roads. The scheme applies only to England, Scotland and Wales, similar systems are used in Northern Ireland, the Isle of Man, Jersey and British overseas territories. All of these schemes use identical basic conventions and road-sign designs. Work on classification began in 1913 by the governments Roads Board to determine the quality, the definitive list of these roads was published on 1 April 1923 following consultations with local authorities. Government funding towards the repairs of roads were set at 60% for the former. Shortly after this, the numbers started to appear in road atlases and on signs on the roads themselves, the Trunk Roads Act 1936 gave the Ministry direct control of the major routes and a new classification system was created to identify these routes. Originally these numbers beginning in T were to be made public, with the introduction of motorways in the late 1950s, a new classification M was introduced. In many cases the motorways duplicated existing stretches of A-road, which therefore lost much of their significance and were in some cases renumbered, occasionally the new motorway would take the name of the old A-road rather than having its own number. The most notable example of this is the A1, in England and Wales the road numbering system for all-purpose roads is based on a radial pattern centred on London. In Scotland the same scheme is centred on Edinburgh, in both cases the main single-digit roads normally define the zone boundaries. The exception is between Zones 1 and 2, where the River Thames defines the boundary, Zone 5, North/East of the A5, west of the A6, south of the Solway Firth/Eden Estuary covering North Wales, North Midlands, western Leicestershire, Cheshire, Cumbria and Lancashire. In Central London, the A40 provides a border between the 4 and 5 zones east of Marble Arch, the original A5 also provides such a border, and north of St Albans the original A6 provides an Eastern border. Zone 6, East of the A6 and A7, west of the A1 covering North East England, Yorkshire, Nottinghamshire, eastern Leicestershire and Rutland, between St Albans and Luton, the original A6 provides the Western border of the 6-zone. For example, the A38 road, a road running from Bodmin to Mansfield starts in Zone 3. Additionally, the A1 in Newcastle upon Tyne has moved twice, originally along the Great North Road, it then moved to the Tyne Tunnel, causing some of the roads in Zone 1 to lie in Zone 6. The designated A1 later moved to the bypass around the city
6.
Reference marker (New York)
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In New York, a reference marker is a small green sign mounted approximately every one-tenth mile on highways maintained by the New York State Department of Transportation. This was initiated in response to the Highway Safety Act of 1966 enacted by Congress, in an effort to monitor traffic, New Yorks system inventories and indexes all touring and reference routes, in addition to service and rest areas, ramps, and reservation roads. New Yorks system is similar to Californias postmile system in maintaining the states highways, the New York State Thruway Authority adopted its own reference system for the New York State Thruway system, including I-287 and I-84. There is a reference marker system in use in neighboring Vermont. The reference markers are green signs that measure 200 millimeters wide by 252 millimeters high and are placed every 528 feet on state roads, freeways, there are three rows of white numbers. The top row indicates the route number, the letter I is used as a suffix for an Interstate highway, but may instead be a prefix on some markers. If a route is re-numbered, it will retain its old route marker, if a route number does not use all four digit spaces, there will be blank areas. When two or more routes run concurrent or overlap, typically only the lower number highway will be present, or in some cases, the first digit of the second row indicates the NYSDOT Region. Within each of the regions, the counties are listed alphabetically, thus, markers in Oswego County bear the designation of 34. Outside of New York City, the third and fourth digits of the second row indicate the number of counties the route has entered, each county line crossing, no matter how short nor if re-entered, is counted.1 miles. This includes its first entry into Herkimer Country for roughly 170 feet, US20 enters Herkimer and Otsego Counties three times each before entering Schoharie County, which is number 18 in a sequence of 22 counties the route enters. The direction of inventory is either south-to-north, or west-to-east, as appropriate, within New York City, a different legend is applied for the third digit. The letter M for Mainline or C for Collector/Distributor road is used, the first digit of the bottom row is the control segment, which starts at 1 at the county line or routes terminus. Control segments usually increment at each crossing of a city line, if there are more than nine control segments in a county, the county counter will increment by one and the control segments reset to one. However, a county may be a single control segment, NY10 enters no cities and all control segments are numbered 1. In New York City, however, the first digit of the row indicates the direction of travel. North, South, East and West are represented respectively by 1,2,3, the last three digits of the bottom row represent approximate distance in tenths of a mile from the beginning of the last control segment or county line. Markers are placed on flanged posts at approximate one-tenth mile intervals with a tolerance of ±0.01 mile, on two-lane roads, they are usually placed in alternate directions of travel
7.
Parkways in New York
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A handful of other roads in the Hudson Valley and on Long Island are also known as parkways but are not part of the state system. The state parkway system introduced the concept of limited-access roads and these highways were not divided and allowed no driveway cuts, but did have intersections for some of the streets they crossed. The individual parkways vary widely in composition, some, such as the Sprain Brook Parkway, are functionally equivalent to a freeway, others, like Seven Lakes Drive, are a two-lane undivided surface road. The majority of parkways are located in downstate New York, where the parkway system originated in the early 20th century. The states parkway system originally began as a series of then-high-speed four-lane roads that were created to provide a way into, out of. The first section of this opened in 1908. Most of the roads have been replaced and redesigned to address higher speed requirements. In later sections north of New York City, the roadways were typically divided by a landscaped median and provided service areas along the way that offered fuel. Most are now maintained, if not owned, by NYSDOT outside New York City, today, the state parkways are for the most part equivalent to expressways and freeways built in other parts of the country, except for a few oddities. Second, because designers focused more on making routes scenic rather than efficient, the parkways are meandering, often built to follow a river, and so contain many turns. Finally, because most use low, decorative stone-arch overpasses that would trap trucks, commercial vehicles, trucks, some regions of New York have parkways that are not owned or maintained by a state agency
8.
Inner Loop (Rochester)
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The Inner Loop is a C-shaped freeway in downtown Rochester, New York, in the United States. Only the portions north of Interstate 490 are signed as the Inner Loop and this section of the loop is designated New York State Route 940T, an unsigned reference route, by the New York State Department of Transportation. Although the NY 940T designation is not signed, the road is signed with orange trapezoidal route markers containing the words Inner Loop in white. Construction of the Inner Loop began in the early 1950s—when the citys population was well over 300,000 and 33% higher than it was in 2000—and completed in 1965. Due to its shape and location, the Inner Loop is seen as a divider, on December 2,2014, the eastern section of the Inner Loop was closed as part of a project to downgrade it to a street at the cost of $21 million. The Inner Loop forms a C around downtown Rochester, beginning, from west to east, at I-490 exit 13, a directional T interchange adjacent to Frontier Field, the home of the Rochester Red Wings. It heads to the northeast, passing Frontier Field and the High Falls business district as it runs parallel to the CSX Transportation-owned Rochester Subdivision railroad line. About 0.5 miles from I-490, the Inner Loop, on the other side of the river, the highway turns toward the east, separating from the railroad a short distance southwest of Rochesters Amtrak station on Central Avenue. East of Joseph Avenue, the route descends below grade-level and begins to run through a cut as it proceeds eastward across the edge of downtown. After passing under North Street, the Inner Loop begins to turn southward, the road currently ends here, the portion formerly going from Main Street to Monroe and Clinton Avenues has been closed to traffic and rebuilt as an at-grade boulevard. The Inner Loop is closed and completed by I-490, it created a continuous beltway of limited-access highways around downtown Rochester. However, the I-490 portion of the loop is signed only as I-490, due to its proximity to downtown, the loop creates a division, both physically and mentally, between downtown Rochester and the remainder of the city. The only areas where it is possible to traverse the Inner Loop is where roadways cross the Loop via bridges over or under the highway, the idea for a beltway around Rochester was conceived in the 1950s. At the time, the population of Rochester was roughly 332,000, despite some political obstacles, construction on the highway began in the early 1950s. Many structures were demolished to make way for the route, which was constructed in a cut through the densely populated neighborhoods that surrounded downtown, in 1965, an opening ceremony headlined by then-Governor Nelson Rockefeller officially opened the Inner Loop to traffic. The final price tag on the construction was $34 million. The southern part of the Loop was incorporated into the newly constructed I-490 upon completion while the rest is designated as NY 940T, an unsigned reference route. In the time since the Loops construction, the population of Rochester has dropped to 210,565 as of the 2010 census—a reduction of a full one-third, as a result, traffic on the Inner Loop has declined accordingly
9.
Pennsylvania
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Pennsylvania /ˌpɛnsᵻlˈveɪnjə/, officially the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, is a state located in the northeastern and Mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. The Appalachian Mountains run through its middle, Pennsylvania is the 33rd largest, the 5th most populous, and the 9th most densely populated of the 50 United States. The states five most populous cities are Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Allentown, Erie, the state capital, and its ninth-largest city, is Harrisburg. Pennsylvania has 140 miles of shoreline along Lake Erie and the Delaware Estuary. The state is one of the 13 original founding states of the United States, it came into being in 1681 as a result of a land grant to William Penn. Part of Pennsylvania, together with the present State of Delaware, had earlier been organized as the Colony of New Sweden and it was the second state to ratify the United States Constitution, on December 12,1787. Independence Hall, where the United States Declaration of Independence and United States Constitution were drafted, is located in the states largest city of Philadelphia, during the American Civil War, the Battle of Gettysburg, was fought in the south central region of the state. Valley Forge near Philadelphia was General Washingtons headquarters during the winter of 1777–78. Pennsylvania is 170 miles north to south and 283 miles east to west, of a total 46,055 square miles,44,817 square miles are land,490 square miles are inland waters, and 749 square miles are waters in Lake Erie. It is the 33rd largest state in the United States, Pennsylvania has 51 miles of coastline along Lake Erie and 57 miles of shoreline along the Delaware Estuary. Cities include Philadelphia, Reading, Lebanon and Lancaster in the southeast, Pittsburgh in the southwest, the tri-cities of Allentown, Bethlehem, the northeast includes the former anthracite coal mining communities of Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, Pittston City, and Hazleton. Erie is located in the northwest, the state has 5 regions, namely the Allegheny Plateau, Ridge and Valley, Atlantic Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Erie Plain. Straddling two major zones, the majority of the state, with the exception of the corner, has a humid continental climate. The largest city, Philadelphia, has characteristics of the humid subtropical climate that covers much of Delaware. Moving toward the interior of the state, the winter climate becomes colder, the number of cloudy days increase. Western areas of the state, particularly locations near Lake Erie, can receive over 100 inches of snowfall annually, the state may be subject to severe weather from spring through summer into fall. Tornadoes occur annually in the state, sometimes in large numbers, the Tuscarora Nation took up temporary residence in the central portion of Pennsylvania ca. Both the Dutch and the English claimed both sides of the Delaware River as part of their lands in America
10.
Montana
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Montana /mɒnˈtænə/ is a state in the Western region of the United States. The states name is derived from the Spanish word montaña, Montana has several nicknames, although none official, including Big Sky Country and The Treasure State, and slogans that include Land of the Shining Mountains and more recently The Last Best Place. Montana has a 545-mile border with three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the state to do so. It also borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, Montana is ranked 4th in size, but 44th in population and 48th in population density of the 50 United States. The western third of Montana contains numerous mountain ranges, smaller island ranges are found throughout the state. In total,77 named ranges are part of the Rocky Mountains, the eastern half of Montana is characterized by western prairie terrain and badlands. The economy is based on agriculture, including ranching and cereal grain farming. Other significant economic activities include oil, gas, coal and hard rock mining, lumber, the health care, service, and government sectors also are significant to the states economy. Millions of tourists annually visit Glacier National Park, the Little Bighorn Battlefield National Monument, the name Montana comes from the Spanish word Montaña and the Latin word Montana, meaning mountain, or more broadly, mountainous country. Montaña del Norte was the name given by early Spanish explorers to the mountainous region of the west. The name was changed by Representatives Henry Wilson and Benjamin F. Harding, when Ashley presented a bill to establish a temporary government in 1864 for a new territory to be carved out of Idaho, he again chose Montana Territory. This time Rep. Samuel Cox, also of Ohio, objected to the name, Cox complained that the name was a misnomer given most of the territory was not mountainous and that a Native American name would be more appropriate than a Spanish one. Other names such as Shoshone were suggested, but it was decided that the Committee on Territories could name it whatever they wanted, with an area of 147,040 square miles, Montana is slightly larger than Japan. It is the fourth largest state in the United States after Alaska, Texas, and California, the largest landlocked U. S. state, and the worlds 56th largest national state/province subdivision. To the north, Montana shares a 545-mile border with three Canadian provinces, British Columbia, Alberta, and Saskatchewan, the state to do so. It borders North Dakota and South Dakota to the east, Wyoming to the south, the states topography is roughly defined by the Continental Divide, which splits much of the state into distinct eastern and western regions. Most of Montanas 100 or more named mountain ranges are in the western half. The Absaroka and Beartooth ranges in the states south-central part are part of the Central Rocky Mountains
11.
Queen Elizabeth Way
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The Queen Elizabeth Way is a 400-series highway in the Canadian province of Ontario linking Toronto with the Niagara Peninsula and Buffalo, New York. The freeway begins at the Peace Bridge in Fort Erie and travels 139.1 kilometres around the shore of Lake Ontario. The physical highway, however, continues as the Gardiner Expressway into downtown Toronto, the QEW is one of Ontarios busiest highways, with an average of close to 200,000 vehicles per day on some sections. Within the Regional Municipality of Halton, the QEW is signed concurrently with Highway 403, when it was initially opened to traffic in 1937, it was the first intercity divided highway in North America and featured the longest stretch of consistent illumination in the world. While not a freeway at the time, it was gradually upgraded, widened and modernized beginning in the 1950s. Since then, various projects have continued to widen the route, in 1997, the provincial government turned over the responsibility for the section of the QEW between Highway 427 and the Humber River to the City of Toronto. This section was redesignated as part of the Gardiner Expressway. The Queen Elizabeth Way was named for the wife of King George VI who would become known as Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother. It is sometimes referred to as the Queen E, in 1939, the royal couple toured Canada and the United States in part to bolster support for the United Kingdom in anticipation of war with Nazi Germany, and also to mark George VIs coronation. The highway received its name to commemorate the visit, it was unveiled on June 7 as the King, originally, the entire length of the highway featured stylized light standards with the letters ER, the Royal Cypher for Elizabeth Regina, the Latin equivalent to Queen Elizabeth. A short section of Highway 420 and its extension Falls Avenue in Niagara Falls had replicas of these light standards installed in 2002, the markers identifying the QEW have always used blue lettering on a yellow background instead of the black-on-white scheme used on other provincial highway markers. They originally showed the full name only in small letters. In 1955, these were changed to the current design, with the lettering QEW, although the QEW has no posted highway number, it is considered to be part of the Province of Ontarios 400-series highway network. The Ministry of Transportation of Ontario designates the QEW as Highway 451 for internal, a monument was originally located in the highway median at the Toronto terminus of the highway, dedicated to the 1939 visit of King George VI and Queen Elizabeth and known as the Lucky Lion. Carved on-site under the direction of Frances Loring for C$12,000, it consisted of a column with a crown at the top and a lion at the base. The QEW is a 139 km route travels from the Peace Bridge – which connects Fort Erie with Buffalo, New York – to Toronto. The freeway circles the western lakehead of Lake Ontario, cutting through Niagara Falls, St. Catharines, Hamilton, Burlington, Oakville, a 22 km portion of the freeway is signed concurrently with Highway 403. Unlike other provincial highways in Ontario, the QEW is directionally signed using locations along the route as opposed to cardinal directions, driving towards Toronto, the route is signed as QEW Toronto throughout its length
12.
Ontario
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Ontario, one of the 13 provinces and territories of Canada, is located in east-central Canada. It is Canadas most populous province by a margin, accounting for nearly 40 percent of all Canadians. Ontario is fourth-largest in total area when the territories of the Northwest Territories and it is home to the nations capital city, Ottawa, and the nations most populous city, Toronto. There is only about 1 km of land made up of portages including Height of Land Portage on the Minnesota border. Ontario is sometimes divided into two regions, Northern Ontario and Southern Ontario. The great majority of Ontarios population and arable land is located in the south, in contrast, the larger, northern part of Ontario is sparsely populated with cold winters and is heavily forested. The province is named after Lake Ontario, a thought to be derived from Ontarí, io, a Huron word meaning great lake, or possibly skanadario. Ontario has about 250,000 freshwater lakes, the province consists of three main geographical regions, The thinly populated Canadian Shield in the northwestern and central portions, which comprises over half the land area of Ontario. Although this area mostly does not support agriculture, it is rich in minerals and in part covered by the Central and Midwestern Canadian Shield forests, studded with lakes, Northern Ontario is subdivided into two sub-regions, Northwestern Ontario and Northeastern Ontario. The virtually unpopulated Hudson Bay Lowlands in the north and northeast, mainly swampy. Southern Ontario which is further sub-divided into four regions, Central Ontario, Eastern Ontario, Golden Horseshoe, the highest point is Ishpatina Ridge at 693 metres above sea level located in Temagami, Northeastern Ontario. In the south, elevations of over 500 m are surpassed near Collingwood, above the Blue Mountains in the Dundalk Highlands, the Carolinian forest zone covers most of the southwestern region of the province. A well-known geographic feature is Niagara Falls, part of the Niagara Escarpment, the Saint Lawrence Seaway allows navigation to and from the Atlantic Ocean as far inland as Thunder Bay in Northwestern Ontario. Northern Ontario occupies roughly 87 percent of the area of the province. Point Pelee is a peninsula of Lake Erie in southwestern Ontario that is the southernmost extent of Canadas mainland, Pelee Island and Middle Island in Lake Erie extend slightly farther. All are south of 42°N – slightly farther south than the border of California. The climate of Ontario varies by season and location, the effects of these major air masses on temperature and precipitation depend mainly on latitude, proximity to major bodies of water and to a small extent, terrain relief. In general, most of Ontarios climate is classified as humid continental, Ontario has three main climatic regions
13.
Florida's Turnpike
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The Turnpike itself is in two sections. The first is the Mainline, a 265-mile route from the Golden Glades Interchange to Wildwood that carries the designation of Florida State Road 91. Floridas Turnpike is one of the busiest highways in the country, in Davie, about 8 miles north of the Homestead Extension interchange, it intersects with I-595, providing direct access to Alligator Alley and Ft. Lauderdale International Airport. After two more interchanges, one with Sunrise Boulevard in Plantation and Commercial Boulevard in Tamarac, it crosses the Cypress Creek Toll Plaza in North Lauderdale, the second on the mainline. Just 1 mile north of the plaza, it intersects with the Pompano Beach Service Plaza, the first of seven full service plazas on the mainline. Still in Pompano Beach, it has a northbound exit with Atlantic Boulevard. Martin Luther King, Jr. Boulevard and Sample Road and it then enters Deerfield Beach with an interchange with the Sawgrass Expressway in Coconut Creek, the final interchange in Broward County. The Turnpike then enters Palm Beach County, with an interchange in each Boca Raton, Delray Beach, in central Palm Beach County at mile marker 88, the Ticket system of the turnpike begins at the Lantana Toll Plaza. It breaks off as it crosses the Thomas B. Manuel Bridge over the St. Lucie Canal, crossing I-95 without an interchange just south of the SR714 interchange, the only exit in Martin County. I-95 heads west towards the western fringes of St. Lucie County development, while the turnpike takes a path along the central areas of the county. The Turnpike has two interchanges in Port St. Lucie, one at Becker Road, the third SunPass only exit, and SR716, followed by the Port St. Lucie-Fort Pierce service plaza at mile marker 144. The turnpike intersects I-95 one last time just south of SR70 in Fort Pierce, as I-95 continues to head up the east coast of Florida and the turnpike curves inland towards Orlando. Between Fort Pierce and Yeehaw Junction, the travels in a nearly east-west direction heading inland. Between Yeehaw Junction and Kissimmee, the turnpike, returning to a north-northwest direction towards Orlando, has a 48.9 miles stretch without an exit, the longest of any US expressway. At mile marker 236, the system ends at the Three Lakes toll plaza, as the turnpike enters the Orlando Area. After interchanges with US 192/US441 and the Osceola Parkway, it enters Orange County, exit 251 features a partial interchange with SR417, with an exit from the northbound Turnpike to northbound SR417 and entrance from southbound SR417 to southbound Turnpike. The Turnpike then enters Lake County, heading in a northwestern direction, at mile 285, it has a northbound exit/southbound entrance with US27, followed by the Leesburg toll plaza at mile 288, and a southbound exit/northbound entrance with US27 at mile 289. The last interchange in Lake County is with County Road 470, at mile marker 299, the turnpike passes through the final service plaza, the Okahumpka service plaza
14.
Florida
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Florida /ˈflɒrᵻdə/ is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. It is bordered to the west by the Gulf of Mexico, to the north by Alabama and Georgia, to the east by the Atlantic Ocean, Florida is the 22nd-most extensive, the 3rd-most populous, and the 8th-most densely populated of the U. S. states. Jacksonville is the most populous municipality in the state and is the largest city by area in the contiguous United States, the Miami metropolitan area is Floridas most populous urban area. The city of Tallahassee is the state capital, much of the state is at or near sea level and is characterized by sedimentary soil. The climate varies from subtropical in the north to tropical in the south, the American alligator, American crocodile, Florida panther, and manatee can be found in the Everglades National Park. It was a location of the Seminole Wars against the Native Americans. Today, Florida is distinctive for its large Cuban expatriate community and high population growth, the states economy relies mainly on tourism, agriculture, and transportation, which developed in the late 19th century. Florida is also renowned for amusement parks, orange crops, the Kennedy Space Center, Florida has attracted many writers such as Marjorie Kinnan Rawlings, Ernest Hemingway and Tennessee Williams, and continues to attract celebrities and athletes. It is internationally known for golf, tennis, auto racing, by the 16th century, the earliest time for which there is a historical record, major Native American groups included the Apalachee, the Timucua, the Ais, the Tocobaga, the Calusa and the Tequesta. Florida was the first part of the continental United States to be visited and settled by Europeans, the earliest known European explorers came with the Spanish conquistador Juan Ponce de León. Ponce de León spotted and landed on the peninsula on April 2,1513 and he named the region La Florida. The story that he was searching for the Fountain of Youth is a myth, in May 1539, Conquistador Hernando de Soto skirted the coast of Florida, searching for a deep harbor to land. He described seeing a wall of red mangroves spread mile after mile, some reaching as high as 70 feet. Very soon, many smokes appeared along the whole coast, billowing against the sky, the Spanish introduced Christianity, cattle, horses, sheep, the Spanish language, and more to Florida. Both the Spanish and French established settlements in Florida, with varying degrees of success, in 1559, Don Tristán de Luna y Arellano established a settlement at present-day Pensacola, making it the first attempted settlement in Florida, but it was abandoned by 1561. Spain maintained tenuous control over the region by converting the tribes to Christianity. The area of Spanish Florida diminished with the establishment of English settlements to the north, the English attacked St. Augustine, burning the city and its cathedral to the ground several times. Florida attracted numerous Africans and African-Americans from adjacent British colonies who sought freedom from slavery, in 1738, Governor Manuel de Montiano established Fort Gracia Real de Santa Teresa de Mose near St
15.
New Jersey
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New Jersey is a state in the Northeastern and mid-Atlantic regions of the United States. It is bordered on the north and east by New York, on the southeast and south by the Atlantic Ocean, on the west by Pennsylvania, New Jersey is the fourth-smallest state but the 11th-most populous and the most densely populated of the 50 United States. New Jersey lies entirely within the statistical areas of New York City. New Jersey was inhabited by Native Americans for more than 2,800 years, in the early 17th century, the Dutch and the Swedes made the first European settlements. New Jersey was the site of decisive battles during the American Revolutionary War in the 18th century. In the 19th century, factories in cities such as Camden, Paterson, Newark, Trenton, around 180 million years ago, during the Jurassic Period, New Jersey bordered North Africa. The pressure of the collision between North America and Africa gave rise to the Appalachian Mountains, around 18,000 years ago, the Ice Age resulted in glaciers that reached New Jersey. As the glaciers retreated, they left behind Lake Passaic, as well as rivers, swamps. New Jersey was originally settled by Native Americans, with the Lenni-Lenape being dominant at the time of contact, scheyichbi is the Lenape name for the land that is now New Jersey. The Lenape society was divided into clans that were based upon common female ancestors. These clans were organized into three distinct phratries identified by their animal sign, Turtle, Turkey, and Wolf and they first encountered the Dutch in the early 17th century, and their primary relationship with the Europeans was through fur trade. The Dutch became the first Europeans to lay claim to lands in New Jersey, the Dutch colony of New Netherland consisted of parts of modern Middle Atlantic states. Although the European principle of ownership was not recognized by the Lenape. The first to do so was Michiel Pauw who established a patronship called Pavonia in 1630 along the North River which eventually became the Bergen, peter Minuits purchase of lands along the Delaware River established the colony of New Sweden. During the English Civil War, the Channel Island of Jersey remained loyal to the British Crown and it was from the Royal Square in St. Helier that Charles II of England was proclaimed King in 1649, following the execution of his father, Charles I. The North American lands were divided by Charles II, who gave his brother, the Duke of York, the region between New England and Maryland as a proprietary colony. James then granted the land between the Hudson River and the Delaware River to two friends who had remained loyal through the English Civil War, Sir George Carteret and Lord Berkeley of Stratton, the area was named the Province of New Jersey. Since the states inception, New Jersey has been characterized by ethnic, New England Congregationalists settled alongside Scots Presbyterians and Dutch Reformed migrants
16.
Garden State Parkway
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The Garden State Parkway is a 172. 4-mile limited-access toll parkway that stretches the length of New Jersey from the New York line at Montvale to Cape May at the states southernmost tip. Its name refers to New Jerseys nickname, the Garden State, most New Jerseyans refer to it as simply the Parkway. The parkways official, but unsigned, designation is Route 444, at its north end, the parkway becomes the Garden State Parkway Connector, a component of the New York State Thruway system that connects to the Thruway mainline in Ramapo. The Parkway is primarily for vehicle use, with trucks weighing over 10,000 pounds prohibited north of Exit 105. The Parkway has been ranked as the busiest toll highway in the based on the number of toll transactions. At roughly 172 miles, the Parkway is the longest highway in the state, the Garden State Parkway begins in Lower Township at an interchange with Route 109. For the first 3 1⁄2 miles, the crosses over streams. At 3.48 miles, the crosses over Taylor Creek. Exit 4 is for Route 47 north to Rio Grande and Wildwoods. At 6.54 miles, parkway exit 6, for Route 147 and North Wildwood, leaves to the right of the lanes, there is no northbound exit, only an entrance. Previously, there were three at-grade interchanges for exits 9,10, and 11, construction on overpasses began in 2013 and was completed in 2016. The first is at exit 9 to Shellbay Avenue, the second is exit 10 to County Route 657, also known as Stone Harbor Boulevard. The Cape Regional Medical Center, the only hospital, is at this exit. Exit 11 is for U. S. Route 9 at the Cape May County Park & Zoo, an unsigned southbound exit and entrance at East Mechanics Street was removed in August 2011, between exits 9 and 10. The at-grade interchanges were reconstructed to put the parkway on overpasses above those roads, because this work is finished, there are no longer any traffic lights or other intersections on the entire length of the parkway. Exit 13 is for Avalon Boulevard, at 14.85 miles, the parkway enters Dennis Township after crossing Uncle Aarons Creek. At 17.5 miles, exit 17 leaves to the right for CR625, at milepost 19.38, the parkway enters its first toll, the Cape May Toll Plaza. A little more than 20 miles in, exit 20 leaves for Route 50, in Upper Township, exit 25 leaves for CR623
17.
New Jersey Turnpike
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The New Jersey Turnpike, colloquially known to New Jerseyans as the Turnpike, is a toll road in New Jersey, maintained by the New Jersey Turnpike Authority. According to the International Bridge, Tunnel and Turnpike Association, the Turnpike is the nations sixth-busiest toll road and is one of the most heavily traveled highways in the United States and its northern terminus is located at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, Bergen County. The Turnpike is a major thoroughfare providing access to localities in New Jersey, as well as Delaware, Pennsylvania. The route divides into four roadways between exit 6 and exit 14, with the inner lanes restricted to carrying only cars, and with the outer lanes for cars, trucks and buses. The northern part of the turnpike, along with the entirety of its extensions and spurs, is part of the Interstate Highway System. South of exit 6, it has the unsigned Route 700 designation, construction of the mainline from conceptualization to completion took 23 months, from 1950 to 1952. It was officially opened to traffic in November 1951, between its terminus and exit 10. The Interstate Highway System took some of its design guidelines by copying the Turnpikes design guidelines, to some degree, the Turnpike is considered iconic in pop culture, having been referenced in music, film and television. The main road of the New Jersey Turnpike splits from I-295 in Carneys Point Township and runs a north-northeast route to Ridgefield Park and it is designated Route 700, an unsigned route, from exit 1 to exit 6, and as I-95 from exit 6 to exit 18. The number of ranges from 4 lanes south of exit 4,6 lanes between exit 4 and exit 6,12 lanes between exit 6 and exit 11, and 14 lanes between exit 11 and exit 14. None of these state highway designations have ever been signed, specifically, starting in Mansfield Township, the Turnpike has a total of 12 lanes,6 in each direction. From Woodbridge Township to Newark, High-occupancy vehicle lanes exist on the outer roadway, thereby making it 7 lanes in each direction. The HOV lanes are in effect on weekdays, from 6,00 a. m. –9,00 a. m. northbound, north of exit 14, the Turnpike splits into two spurs, the Eastern Spur and the Western Spur. Both spurs are signed as I-95, the Western Spur is posted for through traffic on I-95 seeking Interstate 280, the Meadowlands Sports Complex, and the George Washington Bridge. Traffic seeking U. S. Route 46, Interstate 80, the New Jersey Department of Transportation, which calls every class of highway Route, calls the Western Spur Route 95W. It connects Newark with Lower Manhattan via the Holland Tunnel in Jersey City and this extension contains three exits and due to its design, it has a 50 mph speed limit. A 6-mile long six-lane highway, it not only connects the Pennsylvania Turnpike with the mainline and it was formerly designated as Route 700P, but is currently designated I-95 in anticipation of the completion of the Pennsylvania Turnpike/Interstate 95 Interchange Project in 2018. A 4-mile stretch of I-95 north of U. S.46 came under Turnpike Authority jurisdiction in 1992 and this section of the road travels past the interchange for I-80 and through a cut in the Hudson Palisades at GWB Plaza
18.
Palisades Interstate Parkway
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The Palisades Interstate Parkway is a 38. 25-mile-long limited-access highway in the U. S. states of New Jersey and New York. The parkway is a commuter route into New York City from Rockland and Orange counties in New York. The southern terminus of the route is at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, New Jersey and its northern terminus is at a traffic circle in Fort Montgomery, New York, where the PIP meets US 9W and US202 at the Bear Mountain Bridge. At exit 18, the PIP forms a concurrency with US6 for the duration of its run. The route is named for the New Jersey Palisades, a line of cliffs rising along the side of the Hudson River. The PIP is designated, but not signed as Route 445 in New Jersey and New York State Route 987C, as with most parkways in the New York metropolitan area, commercial traffic is prohibited from using the PIP. The Palisades Interstate Parkway was built from 1947–1958, and fully opened to traffic on August 28,1958, the main line of the parkway is designated as Route 445 in New Jersey and NY 987C in New York. The latter is one of New Yorks reference routes, a 0. 42-mile spur connecting the parkway to US 9W in Fort Lee, New Jersey, is designated Route 445S. All three designations are unsigned and used only for inventory purposes, the parkway is owned and maintained by the Palisades Interstate Park Commission but occasional maintenance is performed by the New Jersey and New York state departments of transportation. Commercial vehicles are prohibited on the length of the Palisades Interstate Parkway. The Palisades Interstate Parkway begins at the George Washington Bridge in Fort Lee, passengers riding northbound on the New Jersey Turnpike must be in local lanes to directly get on the PIP. Once the PIP leaves the GWB, it proceeds north along the New Jersey Palisades, unlike service areas further north along the parkway, there are two in Englewood, one for northbound drivers and one for southbound drivers. The others are in the center median shared by drivers going in both directions, there are also three different scenic lookout points over the Palisades near the northern tip of the island of Manhattan at the Harlem River. After this, the PIP parallels US 9W and the Hudson River for its run in New Jersey. All four exits in New Jersey are either with US 9W, the PIP leaves New Jersey into New York in the borough of Rockleigh. The entire New Jersey portion of the Palisades Interstate Parkway is within Bergen County and it is designated as a state scenic byway known as the Palisades Scenic Byway. The Palisades enters Rockland County in the hamlet of Palisades, at about the border the PIP changes direction from due north along the Hudson River to a north-west direction. Shortly after the Kings Ferry Service Area in the center median, exit 5 provides a link to St. Thomas Aquinas College, and exit 6 provides a link to Dominican College
19.
Atlantic City Expressway
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The Atlantic City Expressway is a 44. 19-mile, controlled-access toll road in New Jersey, managed and operated by the South Jersey Transportation Authority. It serves as an extension of the portion of Route 42 in Turnersville southeast to Atlantic City. It connects the Philadelphia metropolitan area with Atlantic City and other Jersey Shore resorts, the Atlantic City Expressway has an open system of tolling, with two mainline toll plazas and seven exits with ramp tolls. The total cost to travel the length of the Atlantic City Expressway is currently $3.75, the latter toll increase took place effective November 18,2008. In a few years, the road is expected to use all-electronic tolling, plans for the road go back to the 1930s, when a parkway was proposed between Camden and Atlantic City that was never built. Plans resurfaced for the road in the 1950s when a group of officials led by State Senator Frank S. Farley pushed for a road to help the area economy, the New Jersey Expressway Authority was created in 1962 to be responsible for building an expressway. The Atlantic City Expressway was built between 1962 and 1965 at a total cost of $48.2 million, the South Jersey Transportation Authority assumed control of the road in 1991 from the New Jersey Expressway Authority. The Atlantic City Expressway begins at Route 42 in Turnersville in Washington Township, Gloucester County, where it continues north as the North–South Freeway, here, Route 42 continues south on the Black Horse Pike and Route 168 continues north on the Black Horse Pike. A westbound exit provides a connection to northbound Route 168, the expressway then heads southeast, straddling between Washington Township and Gloucester Township, Camden County. On the Gloucester Township/Winslow Township border, the Atlantic City Expressway features an interchange with County Route 689. Past CR689, there is a interchange with County Route 536 Spur. The expressway passes under County Route 536 and then features an interchange with County Route 723, with an eastbound exit. It then meets Route 73 at another interchange, with a westbound exit. The Atlantic City Expressway crosses into Hammonton, Atlantic County, continuing to the southeast, it encounters Route 54 at a full interchange. It then enters Hamilton Township and passes under County Route 559, the lanes of the Atlantic City Expressway in both directions split for the Farley Service Plaza, which is located in the median of the expressway. Past the Farley Service Plaza, the Atlantic City Expressway meets the mainline Egg Harbor Toll Plaza and it then features a full interchange with Route 50, with the westbound exit and eastbound entrance being E-ZPass only. It meets County Route 670, with partial interchange featuring an eastbound off-ramp. Next, it has an exit and westbound entrance for County Route 575, which provides access to U. S. Route 40, U. S. Route 322
20.
Kentucky
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Kentucky, officially the Commonwealth of Kentucky, is a state located in the east south-central region of the United States. Kentucky is one of four U. S. states constituted as a commonwealth, originally a part of Virginia, in 1792 Kentucky became the 15th state to join the Union. Kentucky is the 37th most extensive and the 26th most populous of the 50 United States, Kentucky is known as the Bluegrass State, a nickname based on the bluegrass found in many of its pastures due to the fertile soil. One of the regions in Kentucky is the Bluegrass Region in central Kentucky. In 1776, the counties of Virginia beyond the Appalachian Mountains became known as Kentucky County, the precise etymology of the name is uncertain, but likely based on an Iroquoian name meaning the meadow or the prairie. Kentucky is situated in the Upland South, a significant portion of eastern Kentucky is part of Appalachia. Kentucky borders seven states, from the Midwest and the Southeast, West Virginia lies to the east, Virginia to the southeast, Tennessee to the south, Missouri to the west, Illinois and Indiana to the northwest, and Ohio to the north and northeast. Only Missouri and Tennessee, both of which border eight states, touch more, Kentuckys northern border is formed by the Ohio River and its western border by the Mississippi River. The official state borders are based on the courses of the rivers as they existed when Kentucky became a state in 1792, for instance, northbound travelers on U. S.41 from Henderson, after crossing the Ohio River, will be in Kentucky for about two miles. Ellis Park, a racetrack, is located in this small piece of Kentucky. Waterworks Road is part of the land border between Indiana and Kentucky. Kentucky has a part known as Kentucky Bend, at the far west corner of the state. It exists as an exclave surrounded completely by Missouri and Tennessee, Road access to this small part of Kentucky on the Mississippi River requires a trip through Tennessee. The epicenter of the powerful 1811–12 New Madrid earthquakes was near this area, much of the outer Bluegrass is in the Eden Shale Hills area, made up of short, steep, and very narrow hills. The Jackson Purchase and western Pennyrile are home to several bald cypress/tupelo swamps, located within the southeastern interior portion of North America, Kentucky has a climate that can best be described as a humid subtropical climate. Temperatures in Kentucky usually range from daytime summer highs of 87 °F to the low of 23 °F. The average precipitation is 46 inches a year, Kentucky experiences four distinct seasons, with substantial variations in the severity of summer and winter. The highest recorded temperature was 114 °F at Greensburg on July 28,1930 while the lowest recorded temperature was −37 °F at Shelbyville on January 19,1994, due to its location, Kentucky has a moderate humid subtropical climate, with abundant rainfall
21.
Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway
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The Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway, commonly known as the Mountain Parkway, is a freeway in eastern Kentucky. The route runs from Interstate 64 just east of Winchester southeast for 75.627 miles to a junction with U. S. Route 460 near Salyersville. The Bert T. Combs Mountain Parkway was built in the early 1960s, the route was originally signed only as the Mountain Parkway. In the late 1970s, the Bert T. Combs name was added to honor the governor from the mountains who spearheaded construction of the highway, auxiliary plates were added above the circular Mountain Parkway signs to mark the designation. As with all of Kentuckys toll roads, the tolls were removed as the bonds were paid off. Tolls were removed from the section in 1985, and the road became a freeway in 1986 when the remaining tolls were removed from the two-lane section. The route was designated Kentucky Route 114 in April 1985, in August, the road was redesignated Kentucky Route 402. On January 15,2014, Kentucky governor Steve Beshear announced plans to extend the parkway to US23 in Prestonsburg, which would include widening the highway to four lanes for its entire length
22.
Bluegrass Parkway
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The Martha Layne Collins Blue Grass Parkway is a controlled-access highway running from Elizabethtown, Kentucky to Woodford County, Kentucky, for a length of 71.134 miles. It intersects with Interstate 65 at its terminus, and U. S. Route 60 at its eastern terminus. It is one of nine highways that are part of the Kentucky parkway system, the road is designated unsigned Kentucky Route 9002. It is constructed similar to the Interstate Highway system, though sections do not measure up to current Interstate standards, in 2003, the road was renamed in honor of Martha Layne Collins, the first female governor of Kentucky. Previously, it was simply the Blue Grass Parkway, and often called the BG Parkway because of the used on its signs. The parkway was opened in November 1965 and was originally a toll road, the parkway route largely parallels that of U. S. Route 62. State law requires toll collection ceases when enough tolls are collected to pay off the parkways construction bonds. The parkway passes the cities of Bardstown, Harrodsburg, and Versailles, by the time the road opened, however, it was renamed the Bluegrass Parkway. There have been talks for a connection from the eastern terminus of the parkway at US60 to Interstate 64. Report on Examination of Financial Statements and Supplemental Data — Central Kentucky Toll Road, cook and Taylor Certified Public Accountants. KentuckyRoads. com — Martha Layne Collins Blue Grass Parkway YouTube Video, Kentucky Blue Grass Parkway West
23.
Cumberland Parkway
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Nunn Cumberland Parkway is an 92-mile-long east–west controlled-access highway in the U. S. state of Kentucky, extending from Barren County in the west to Somerset in the east. It is one of nine named highways designated in Kentuckys parkway system, the parkway begins at an interchange with Interstate 65 between Smiths Grove and Park City. It travels east through rolling farmland to its terminus at US27 on the north side of Somerset. The road parallels Kentucky Route 80 for its entire length, the parkway passes the cities of Glasgow, Edmonton, Columbia, and Russell Springs. It passes near two state parks, Lake Cumberland State Resort Park and Barren River Lake State Resort Park. The length of the parkway is designated unsigned Kentucky Route 9008, the road is named after Louie B. Nunn, a former Kentucky governor from Barren County who was instrumental in the roads creation, originally called the Cumberland Parkway from its opening in 1972-1973, it was renamed for Nunn in 2000. The east end of the parkway is currently a partial cloverleaf at U. S.27, the Nunn Parkway, as with all nine parkways, was originally a toll road. The state legislature renamed the Boone Parkway for Rogers, which sparked a controversy among residents of the region. The road had three plazas, Mile Marker 3 — Bon Ayr Exit 27 Exit 62 On May 28,2015. Nunn Cumberland Parkway west of Glasgow was opened to serve the extension of the Veterans Outer Loop. The eastern extension of that road has been opened in early 2012, complete with the opening of exit 15, the state highway designation for the western extension was announced as Kentucky Route 3600. com — Louie B. Nunn Cumberland Parkway Exit Guide for Nunn Parkway
24.
Hal Rogers Parkway
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The Hal Rogers Parkway, formerly named the Daniel Boone Parkway, connects London and Hazard in southeastern Kentucky. This toll road opened in November 1971, and the tolls were removed June 1,2003, the original extent of the highway was to be 65.70 miles instead of todays 62.90, with that mileage to have been used on a limited-access London bypass. The road is designated unsigned Kentucky Route 9006, representative Hal Rogers was the forerunner in getting the tolls lifted on the Daniel Boone Parkway, securing $13 million in federal funding. Former governor Paul E. Patton, to him for removing the tolls on the highway. The toll booths were dismantled soon after the tolls were removed on June 1 of 2003, the two at-grade toll booths at exits 34 and 44 were converted into regular intersections and the mainline toll booth near London was dismantled. It is the only parkway in the state of Kentucky to be almost exclusively two-lanes with the truck lanes on the hills. There is a center paint divider with rumble strips added as a safety feature, the only at-grade intersections are at Exit 34 and 44, from the western terminus at US25 to KY192, totaling four-miles, and from milepost 58 to Exit 59. From I-75/US 25/KY80 to KY192 in London, the Hal Rogers Parkway is a four-lane, east of KY192, the parkway narrows to two lanes and becomes a grade-separated, limited-access highway except for intersections at the former locations of toll barriers along the road. In Hazard, the parkway intersects three local streets at-grade before terminating at KY 15/KY80, Hal Rogers Parkway at KentuckyRoads. com Photographs of the Hal Rogers Parkway at H. B
