Upper mantle
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The upper mantle of Earth is a very thick layer of rock inside the planet, which begins just beneath the crust and ends at the top of the lower mantle, at about 670 km. Temperatures range from around
Chikyu drilling ship
Xenolith
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A xenolith is a rock fragment that becomes enveloped in a larger rock during the latter's development and solidification. In geology, the term xenolith is almost exclusively used to describe inclusion
Gabbroic xenolith in andesite, Tertiary of Wyoming, United States
Olivine weathering to iddingsite within a mantle xenolith
Xenoliths in granodiorite of the Alta Stock, Little Cottonwood Canyon, Utah
Large xenolith of sandstone (probably from the Albee Formation) within the Fairlee Pluton in Vermont