1.
Kyle Whittingham
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Kyle David Whittingham is the head football coach of the University of Utah Utes. Prior to becoming the coach at Utah, Whittingham served as Utahs defensive coordinator for ten seasons. He was named coach of Utah after Urban Meyer left for the Florida Gators in 2004. He won AFCA Coach of the Year and the Paul Bear Bryant Award in 2008, Whittingham played linebacker for the BYU Cougars from 1978 to 1981. In 1981 he earned first-team all-WAC and WAC Defensive Player of the Year honors, Whittingham was also named the defensive MVP of the 1981 Holiday Bowl. He played in all of the first four Holiday Bowls, in his first appearance, he played as a running back and the other three as a linebacker, during which he recorded 27 tackles. In 2009, he was inducted into the Holiday Bowl Hall of Fame and he graduated from BYU in 1981 and went on to play linebacker for the Denver Gold and New Orleans Breakers of the USFL and the Calgary Stampeders of the CFL. He also played for the Los Angeles Rams replacement squad in 1987, Whittingham became a graduate assistant for BYU during the 1985 and 1986 seasons. In 1987, Whittingham was named defensive coordinator at the College of Eastern Utah and he coached there for a season before taking a job at Idaho State. After five seasons with Idaho State, Whittingham joined the Utah staff as line coach, working alongside his father. In the 1995 season, Whittingham replaced his father as the defensive coordinator, the 2004 season ended with Utah becoming the first non-BCS conference team to make a BCS bowl game, the Fiesta Bowl. After winning the Fiesta Bowl, the Utes overall record improved to 12–0, after the 2004 season, the Utes lost junior starting quarterback Alex Smith to the NFL and head coach Urban Meyer who left to the University of Florida. After the regular season, and before the Fiesta Bowl, Whittingham was offered the coaching job at Utah and also the head coaching job at his alma mater. After struggling with the decision for four days he chose the Utes, because Urban Meyer had already officially accepted the head coaching job at Florida before the Fiesta Bowl, Whittingham and Meyer acted as co-head coaches of the 2005 Fiesta Bowl. The NCAA credits both Meyer and Whittingham with a win in their win totals. Whittinghams first season was an up and down ride for Utah as the not only adjusted to a new coaching staff, including Andy Ludwig. Utah struggled early on, going 3–4 in their first 7 games, however, in the 2005 Emerald Bowl the Utes faced the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets. Utah beat Georgia Tech 38–10, the Yellow Jackets worst bowl loss by point margin in school history, Whittingham finished his first year at Utah with a 7–5 record
2.
Rice-Eccles Stadium
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Rice-Eccles Stadium is an outdoor college football stadium in Salt Lake City, Utah, on the campus of the University of Utah. It is the field of the Utah Utes of the Pac-12 Conference. It served as the stadium for the 2002 Winter Olympics, the Opening and Closing Ceremonies were held at the stadium. The FieldTurf playing field runs in the traditional configuration. When Salt Lake City was awarded the 2002 Winter Olympics in 1995, it was obvious that Rice Stadium, the concrete, timber, and earth-fill facility had been built in 1927 and was showing its age. In 1996, U of U athletic director Chris Hill announced plans to renovate Rice Stadium into a new facility that would be up to Olympic standards and it was initially expected to take three years to completely overhaul the facility. Before it was called Rice Stadium, it was called Ute Stadium, immediately after the final home game on November 15, fittingly a 31–14 victory over Rice, most of Rice Stadium was demolished for the renovation. All that remained of the old stadium were the stands in the end zone. The stadium did not miss a season, as the project was timed not to disrupt the 1997 home schedule. The new stadium was less than 10 months later for the 1998 home opener. The stadium now seats 45,807 and has a 6-story press box, as in 2014 a row of bleachers has been added in the standing areas on the east, west. 40 ADA seats were added for a total of 790 new seats. There will still be space for standing room behind the new row of bleachers, in June 2010, the U of U accepted an invitation to join the Pacific-10 Conference and began playing in the conference during 2011-2012 season. It is expected that Rice-Eccles Stadium is to be expanded and the locker room facilities upgraded and this claim was furthered when both KSL. Immediately south of the stadium is the Salt Lake 2002 Olympic Cauldron Park, the park contains a 2002 Winter Olympic museum, the Olympic cauldron, and other memorabilia from the games. Hoberman Arch was located here until its removal in October 2014, since 2002, the playing field at Rice-Eccles Stadium has been FieldTurf, a next-generation infilled synthetic turf, which was most recently replaced in 2009. When the stadium reopened in 1998, its surface was SportGrass, earlier, Rice Stadium had been among the first facilities to use SportGrass. A full natural grass was installed in 2000 for two seasons, then was covered by asphalt blacktop for the Opening and Closing Ceremonies of the 2002 Winter Olympics in February
3.
FieldTurf
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FieldTurf is a brand of artificial turf playing surface. It is manufactured and installed by FieldTurf Tarkett, a division of French company Tarkett Inc. headquartered in Calhoun, Georgia, in the late 1990s, the artificial surface changed the industry with a design intended to replicate real grass. The new system quickly began taking market share from AstroTurf, and is now the leader in the industry, the surface is composed of monofilament polyethylene blend fibers tufted into a polypropylene backing. The infill is composed of a layer of silica sand, a middle layer which is a mixture of sand and cryogenic rubber. The fibers are meant to replicate blades of grass, while the acts as a cushion. This cushion is intended to improve safety when compared to earlier artificial surfaces and allows players to plant, each square foot of turf contains approximately 3 kg of sand and 1.5 kg of cryogenic rubber. FieldTurf does not use shock absorbency pads below its infill, the backing of the turf is a combination of woven and non-woven polypropylene. These materials are permeable and allow water to drain through the backing itself, jean Prévost bought the patent of the FieldTurf product in 1988 and originally named his Montreal-based company SynTenni Co. a name which would eventually be dropped in favor of FieldTurf Inc. In 1995, John Gilman, a former Canadian Football League player and coach, in 1997, FieldTurf made its first major installation for a professional team, at the training facility for the English Premierships Middlesbrough F. C. As of 2012, FieldTurf has installed over 7000 athletic fields, in 2005, French flooring manufacturer and minority shareholder Tarkett increased its share in FieldTurf, which led to the integration of the two companies. FieldTurf is now a part of the Tarkett Sports division, part of the holding company Tarkett SA, the FieldTurf head corporate office is located in Calhoun, Georgia. In May 2010, FieldTurf acquired EasyTurf of San Diego, California, by late 2016, press reports were describing the companys product as defective. A number of agencies in New Jersey had joined together to file a lawsuit against the firm. The suits allege that the DuraSpine product it sold was inferior, internal company documents showed the company knew its sales claims were false. There is evidence showing higher player injury on artificial turf, in a study performed by the National Football League Injury and Safety Panel, published in the October 2012 issue of the American Journal of Sports Medicine, Elliott B. Hershman et al. reviewed injury data from NFL games played between 2000 and 2009. the injury rate of knee sprains as a whole was 22% higher on FieldTurf than on natural grass. While MCL sprains did not occur at a significantly higher than on grass. There are conflicting studies of the safety of FieldTurf, a five-year study funded by FieldTurf and published in the American Journal of Sports Medicine found that injury rates for high school sports were similar on natural grass and synthetic turf
4.
Salt Lake City
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Salt Lake City, often shortened to Salt Lake or SLC, is the capital and the most populous municipality of the U. S. state of Utah. With an estimated population of 190,884 in 2014, the city lies at the core of the Salt Lake City metropolitan area, Salt Lake City is further situated within a larger metropolis known as the Salt Lake City-Ogden-Provo Combined Statistical Area. This region is a corridor of contiguous urban and suburban development stretched along an approximately 120-mile segment of the Wasatch Front and it is one of only two major urban areas in the Great Basin. The city was founded in 1847 by Brigham Young, Isaac Morley, George Washington Bradley and numerous other Mormon followers, who extensively irrigated and cultivated the arid valley. Due to its proximity to the Great Salt Lake, the city was originally named Great Salt Lake City—the word great was dropped from the name in 1868 by the 17th Utah Territorial Legislature. Today, however, less than half the population of Salt Lake City proper are members of the LDS Church. It was traversed by the Lincoln Highway, the first transcontinental highway, in 1913, Salt Lake City has since developed a strong outdoor recreation tourist industry based primarily on skiing, and hosted the 2002 Winter Olympics. It is the banking center of the United States. Before Mormon settlement, the Shoshone, Ute, and Paiute had dwelt in the Salt Lake Valley for thousands of years. The land was treated by the United States as public domain, the first U. S. explorer in the Salt Lake area is believed to be Jim Bridger in 1825, although others had been in Utah earlier, some as far north as the nearby Utah Valley. Frémont surveyed the Great Salt Lake and the Salt Lake Valley in 1843 and 1845, the Donner Party, a group of ill-fated pioneers, had traveled through the Great Salt Lake Valley in August 1846. The first permanent settlements in the date to the arrival of the Latter-day Saints on July 24,1847. Upon arrival at the Salt Lake Valley, president of the church Brigham Young is recorded as stating, This is the right place, Brigham Young claimed to have seen the area in a vision prior to the wagon trains arrival. They found the broad valley empty of any human settlement, four days after arriving in the Salt Lake Valley, Brigham Young designated the building site for the Salt Lake Temple, which would eventually become a famous Mormon and Salt Lake City landmark. The Salt Lake Temple, constructed on the block that would later be called Temple Square, construction started in 1853, and the temple was dedicated on 6 April 1893. The temple has become an icon for the city and serves as its centerpiece, in fact, the southeast corner of Temple Square is the initial point of reference for the Salt Lake Meridian, and for all addresses in the Salt Lake Valley. The Mormon pioneers organized a new state called Deseret and petitioned for its recognition in 1849, the United States Congress rebuffed the settlers in 1850 and established the Utah Territory, vastly reducing its size, and designated Fillmore as its capital city. Great Salt Lake City replaced Fillmore as the capital in 1858
5.
NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
6.
Pac-12 Conference
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The Pac-12 Conference is a collegiate athletic conference that operates in the Western United States. It participates in 22 NCAA sports in the NCAAs Division I, its teams compete in the Football Bowl Subdivision. The conferences 12 members are located in Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Utah and they include each states flagship public university, four additional public universities, and two private research universities. It became the Pac-12 in 2011 with the addition of the University of Colorado, with Arizona States softball title in 2011, the conference won its 400th NCAA Championship. The current commissioner of the conference is Larry Scott, Scott replaced Thomas C, hansen, who retired in July 2009 after 26 years in that position. Prior to joining the Pac-10, Scott was Chairman and CEO of the Womens Tennis Association, the Pac-12 has twelve full member institutions. Football currently is the sport where the conference is divided evenly into two geographic divisions, the North Division and the South Division. The Pac-12 spans six states in the Western United States, Arizona, California, Colorado, Oregon, Utah, and Washington. Unusual for a conference, the Pac-12s members are spread evenly between 3 regions, with 4 schools each in California, the Pacific Northwest, and the Four Corners region. The Pac-12 has four affiliate member institutions, three in California and Boise State University in Idaho, the school will maintain its Pac-12 affiliation in wrestling, which the WAC does not sponsor. No school has left the Pac-12 since its founding as the AAWU in 1959, two members of the PCC were not invited to join the AAWU or its successors. As private schools, Stanford and USC are not obligated to publish employees salaries, Eight of the twelve member schools are members of the Association of American Universities, including all of the conferences California schools. The only FBS conference with more AAU members is the Big Ten with 13 out of 14 member institutions having AAU membership, in 2014, of the twelve member schools, nine were ranked in the top 100 universities in the world. Total revenue includes ticket sales, contributions and donations, rights/licensing, student fees, school funds and all sources including TV income, camp income, food. Updated to show institutional reporting to the Department of Education as shown on the DOE Equity in Athletics website for the 2013-14 academic year, the national ranking of revenue is based on 2075 institutions reporting to the Department of Education that year. The roots of the Pac-12 Conference go back to December 2,1915, charter members were the University of California, the University of Washington, the University of Oregon, and Oregon Agricultural College. The conference began play in 1916, one year later, Washington State College joined the league, followed by Stanford University in 1918. In 1922, the PCC expanded to eight teams with the admission of USC, Montana joined the Conference in 1924, and in 1928, the PCC grew to 10 members with the addition of UCLA
7.
Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference
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The Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference is a collegiate athletic conference which operates in the western United States, mostly in Colorado with members in Nebraska, New Mexico, and South Dakota. It participates in the National Collegiate Athletic Association s Division II, for its first thirty years the RMAC was considered a major conference, equivalent to todays Division I, before seven of its larger members left and formed the Mountain States Conference. The original name of Colorado Faculty Athletic Conference was changed to Rocky Mountain Faculty Athletic Conference on May 7,1910, the presidents assumed control of the league from the faculty in 1967 and changed the name to Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference. The Colorado Athletic Conference dissolved in 1996 with the RMAC absorbing the remaining CAC teams, colorado–Colorado Springs — was an affiliate member in 1996–97. Fort Lewis College — was a member in 1990–1994. Dixie State — football is a member in 2016–2018. California Baptist — will join the NCAA Division I Western Athletic Conference in 2018, lindenwood — swimming & diving was an affiliate member in 2014–2016. Nebraska–Kearney — was a member in 1989–90, and in 1994–2012. Denver — was a member in 1996–97. Fort Hays State — wrestling was a member in 2006–2012. There have been 48 different schools associated with the RMAC either through full or associate membership, of those schools only the Colorado School of Mines has been with the conference every year since it was founded in 1909. 1910, The league changed its name to the Rocky Mountain Faculty Athletic Conference, the University of Denver and University of Utah join the league, but Colorado College drops out after a fallout with Colorado School of Mines. 1914, Colorado College rejoins the RFMAC, Utah State University also joins the league to bring membership up to seven. 1917, Montana State University joins the conference,1918, Brigham Young University joins the league as the ninth member. 1921, The University of Wyoming joins the conference,1924, Western State College and the University of Northern Colorado join the league, giving the RFMAC12 members. 1937, Colorado, Colorado State, Brigham Young, Utah, Utah State, Wyoming, the five remaining members of the RFMAC were Colorado College, Colorado Mines, Montana State, Northern Colorado and Western State. 1948, Idaho State University joins as the sixth member,1956, Adams State College joins the conference as the seventh member. 1958, Idaho State leaves the conference,1959, Montana State leaves the conference, membership is back down to five
8.
Mountain States Conference
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The Mountain States Conference, also known as the Skyline Conference, was a college athletic conference based in the Western United States. The league was established in 1938 when the seven charter members pulled out of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, from 1938 to 1946, the conference was popularly known as the Big Seven. After Colorado left in 1947 to join the Big Six Conference the MSC became popularly known as the Skyline Conference or Skyline Six, the conference became known as the Skyline Eight after New Mexico and Montana joined in 1951. The conference dissolved in early 1962 after four of its members departed to form the Western Athletic Conference in July, Montana operated as an independent for one football season in 1962 until the formation of the Big Sky Conference in 1963. Colorado State became independent until it joined the WAC in 1968, Utah State operated as an independent for fifteen seasons, until it joined the Pacific Coast Athletic Association in 1977. BYU, now independent in football and in the West Coast Conference in all other sports, Colorado, left in 1948 to join the Big Seven Conference, now in the Pac-12 Conference. Colorado A&M/State, now in the Mountain West Conference, denver, dropped football after 1960, now in The Summit League. Utah, moved to the Mountain West Conference, now in the Pac-12 Conference, Utah State, now in the Mountain West Conference. Wyoming, now in the Mountain West Conference, Montana, joined after a year of independent play in 1950 following several decades of membership in the Pacific Coast Conference, a charter and current member of the Big Sky Conference. New Mexico, joined from the Border Conference, left to join the WAC, list of defunct college football conferences Mountain States Athletic Conference Records. Provo, Utah, L. Tom Perry Special Collections, Brigham Young University
9.
Western Athletic Conference
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The Western Athletic Conference is an American collegiate athletic conference formed on July 27,1962 and affiliated with the National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I. The WAC thus became the first Division I conference to drop football since the Big West in 2000, the WAC then added mens soccer and became one of the NCAAs eleven Division I non-football conferences. The following institutions are the members of the WAC for the 2016–17 academic year. Notes With the elimination of football as a WAC-sponsored sport, New Mexico States football program has joined the Sun Belt as an associate member, in July 2015, UTPA merged with the University of Texas at Brownsville to create the new University of Texas Rio Grande Valley. The University of Texas System stated in July 2014 that the UTPA athletics program will be converted into the program at UTRGV. On November 5,2014, UTRGVs new nickname of Vaqueros was announced, the founding date for UTRGV listed in this table reflects that of Edinburg College, the institution that eventually became UTPA. According to U. S. News & World Report, RNP means a ranking was calculated, unranked means not enough information was provided to make a calculation. Chicago States continued membership is problematic, considering the schools current strained financial situation and the needs of the athletic program, in April 2016, the University Budget Committee recommended that the Athletic Department. Study the benefits of being Division I or another division, championships title totals are through Spring 2016. The following 11 schools field programs in the WAC for sports not sponsored by their primary conferences. Notes Four schools became members in mens soccer in July 2013, the WAC announced on January 9,2013 that it would reinstate the sport. Because the conference dropped football, it was necessary to add a new mens team sport to maintain its Division I status, three of these schools have past WAC connections—former full members Air Force, UNLV and San Jose State. After the WAC announced it would add mens soccer, the conference gained an eighth soccer school for the 2013 season when UMKC, which already sponsored the sport, joined. In addition, Utah Valley added the sport for 2014, UT-Pan American added it for 2015, and Chicago State is slated to add it for 2016. Four schools became members in mens swimming and diving in July 2013, the WAC announced on May 16,2013 that it would reinstate the sport. Northern Colorado joined the WAC for baseball for the 2014 season, north Dakota also joined the WAC for baseball in the 2014 season, but dropped the sport after the 2016 season. Sacramento State was formerly a member of the WAC in baseball from 1992–93 to 1995–96. Championships title totals are through Fall 2014, north Dakota will leave the WAC entirely in July 2017 after dropping its remaining WAC sports of mens and womens swimming & diving
10.
Mountain West Conference
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The Mountain West Conference is one of the collegiate athletic conferences affiliated with the NCAA Division I FBS. The MW officially began operations in July 1999, geographically, the MW covers a broad expanse of the Western United States, with member schools located in California, Colorado, Hawaii, Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming. Craig Thompson has served as Commissioner of the MW since its founding in 1999, before forming the Mountain West Conference, seven of its eight charter members had been longtime members of the Western Athletic Conference. Half of these had been members of that conference from 1962. Overall, each school that has ever been either a full or football-only member of the MW spent at least three years in the WAC before joining the Mountain West, the 2013–14 academic year was the 15th anniversary season of the MW. The WAC, which had announced plans to expand beyond its then-current 10 members to at least 12. Ultimately, the WAC took in three of the four SWC schools left out of the Big 12 merger—Rice University, Southern Methodist University, however, the newly expanded WAC was soon wracked by tension between the established and new members. The final straw came in spring 1998, when BYU and Utah proposed a permanent split into two eight-team divisions, previously, the WACs 16 teams had been divided into four four-team quadrants, two of which rotated between the Mountain and Pacific Divisions every two years. A two-division setup would have forced some schools into an unnatural alignment because of the distribution of the conference. Air Force was the most strident opponent of this proposal, threatening to become an independent and they invited the WAC members New Mexico, San Diego State, and UNLV, to join them in what became the Mountain West Conference. The next move for the MW came in 2005, when the conference added TCU, on June 11,2010, Boise State University agreed to join the conference as its tenth member. On June 17,2010, Utah announced it would be leaving the Mountain West to join what would become the Pac-12 Conference, both schools accepted and would become the tenth and eleventh members of the league. BYU announced on August 31,2010 that it would leave the Mountain West Conference and go Independent in football, on November 29,2010, TCU announced all athletic teams would move to the Big East Conference effective in 2012. On December 10,2010, the University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa accepted a bid to become the 10th member of the conference for football only and these changes would leave the Mountain West Conference with 10 teams for the 2012 football season. However, two of the three schools that qualified are no longer with the conference, on October 14,2011, the Mountain West and C-USA announced a plan for a football only alliance. However, when the two discussed their plans with the NCAA, they were told that due to NCAA rules. As a result, the Mountain West and C-USA backed away from a full merger, in the end, this alliance never materialized due to both conferences soon adding new teams. On May 2,2012, San Jose State and Utah State agreed to join the conference for the 2013–14 academic year
11.
BYU Cougars football
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The Cougars began collegiate football competition in 1922, and have won 23 conference titles and 1 national title in 1984. The team has competed in different athletic conferences during its history. The team plays games at the 63, 470-seat LaVell Edwards Stadium. BYU traces its roots back to the late 19th century. Benjamin Cluff became the principal of Brigham Young Academy in 1892 and was influenced by his collegiate studies at the University of Michigan to bring athletic competition to Brigham Young. After a twenty-year ban on football, the sport was brought back to BYU on a basis in 1919. BYU was admitted to the Rocky Mountain Conference in 1921 and had its first winning year in 1929 under the helm of coach G. Ott Romney, Romney and his successor Eddie Kimball ushered in a new era in Cougar football in which the team went 65–51–12 between 1928–1942. In 1932, the Cougars posted an 8–1 record and outscored their opponents 188–50, the university did not field a team from 1943–1945 due to World War II, and in 1949 suffered its only winless season, going 0–11. In 1961, Eldon The Phantom Fortie became the schools first All-American, in 1964, Cougar Stadium was built, which included a capacity of 30,000, and in 1965, head coach Tommy Hudspeth led the Cougars to their first conference championship with a record of 6–4. In 1972, assistant coach LaVell Edwards was promoted to head coach replacing Kopp, the following year the Cougars struggled to a 5–6 finish, but this would be Edwards only losing season during his run as BYU coach over the next three decades. In fact, the Cougars won the championship every year except one from 1974–1985. However, the Cougars lost their first four bowl games and their first post-season win came in the 1980 Holiday Bowl, which has become known as the Miracle Bowl since BYU was trailing SMU 45–25 with four minutes left in the game and then came back to win. During this period, Young finished second for the Heisman Trophy in 1983, in 1984, BYU reached the pinnacle of college football when it won the national championship. The undefeated Cougars opened the season with a 20–14 victory over Pitt, ranked No.3 in the nation at the time, coupled with the 11 consecutive wins to close out the 1983 season, BYU concluded the 1984 championship on a 24-game winning streak. Some college football pundits argued that BYU had not played a legitimate schedule, nonetheless, at the end of the season, BYU was crowned as national champion after being a near-unanimous number one in all four NCAA sanctioned polls AP, Coaches, NFF and FWAA. BYU finished ranked No.5 in both the Coaches and AP polls, and became the first team in NCAA history to win 14 games in a season. In 1999, BYU left the WAC along with seven teams to form the Mountain West Conference. Just prior to the 2000 season, Edwards announced that it would be his year as the programs head coach
12.
Holy War (Utah vs. BYU)
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The Holy War is an American college football rivalry game played by the University of Utah Utes and Brigham Young University Cougars. The game is part of the larger Utah–BYU rivalry, although many Utah fans are LDS members, the term Holy War also refers to the stark cultural differences of the respective fan bases. The proximity of the two schools, the successes of the two teams, and the longevity of the series also contribute to the rivalry. Both teams played in the conference from 1922 to 2010. Games between 2016 and 2020 were also subsequently booked, which might precede another break in the series, the two-year hiatus of 2014–2015 was unexpectedly cut short when the 2015 Las Vegas Bowl pitted BYU against Utah, creating the Holy War in Sin City in the postseason. There are a number of components that make the Holy War particularly fierce, the University of Utah and Brigham Young University are the two biggest colleges in the state of Utah. There is a stark contrast between the campuses and student bodies, as one is a religious institution while the other is a public university, as the name of the rivalry implies, religion is a large component to the rivalry. Brigham Young University is owned by the LDS church, and thus imposes religious restrictions upon its students, although both are dry campuses, variation between the religious student body at BYU and more lax, traditional university student body of Utah creates further animosity between the two schools. The long length of rivalry is also a major element, the University of Utah is the flagship university of the state of Utah, while Brigham Young University is the flagship university of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints. Coaches and administrators might prefer it if religion played less of a role in the rivalry, some fans of BYU are accused of acting arrogant or self-righteous, as if their religious beliefs make them innately superior to Utah fans. Often lost in this us vs. them perspective is the fact that a portion of Utah fans are themselves members of the LDS Church. The two schools disagree on when the first game was played, Utah claims that the first game was played in 1896 against Brigham Young Academy. BYUs athletic website shows their schedule dating back to 1922, Utah claims a lead of 58–34–4, while BYU claims Utah leads 55–31–4. BYU does not count the six games between Utah and Brigham Young Academy in its records, Utah has a large lead in the overall series and has dominated the rivalry both prior to 1972 and after 1992. In stark contrast, from 1972 to 1992 BYU dominated the series with a record of 19–2 versus Utah, since 1993, largest point spread is 44 points, which occurred in 2011 when Utah won 54–10 in Provo. Utahs average margin of victory in the games it has won since 2000 is 14 points, the Cougars havent had a dominating victory over Utah since 1996, while the Utes have notched three blowout wins in the series most recent 10 games. BYU, which is in Provo, Utah, and the University of Utah, consequently, the two teams compete for recruits and fan support. It is not uncommon for friends, neighbors, and even family members to have opposite allegiances
13.
Utah State Aggies football
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The Utah State Aggies are a college football team that competes in the Mountain West Conference of the Football Bowl Subdivision of NCAA Division I, representing Utah State University. The Utah State college football program began in 1892 and has played games at Merlin Olsen Field at Maverik Stadium since 1968. They have won conference championships in four different conferences during their history. Overall, the Aggies have a record of 525–517–31, in December 2012, Matt Wells, previously the offensive coordinator, became the Aggies new head coach, replacing Gary Andersen. Andersen left the Aggies shortly after the game of the 2012 season to become the new head coach for the University of Wisconsin. Andersen had replaced Brent Guy following the unsuccessful 2008 season, Andersen was previously the defensive coordinator at the University of Utah, and he was also a part of the 2008 Ute team that went undefeated and won the 2009 Sugar Bowl. Their most recent appearance was in the 2015 Famous Idaho Potato Bowl, the first intercollegiate athletic event in Utah State Universitys history took place on November 25,1892, when the Agriculturalists defeated the football team from the University of Utah, 12–0. The game was played on what is now the quad, the Aggies enjoyed early regional dominance, notching their first perfect season in 1907. In 1911, under head coach Clayton Teetzel, the team finished undefeated. The makeshift field on the continued to serve the team until 1913. The new field represented an improvement, but the facilities remained meager, which became more apparent with the success of Coach E. L. Dick Romney. Romney, for whom the current football stadium is named, earned the teams first-ever conference championship in 1921 and it was during this time that Utah State finished two seasons with year-end Top 25 rankings, No.10 in 1961 and No.19 in 1972. Following the great heights of the 1960s and 70s, Aggie football fell upon hard times, many longtime Aggie supporters attribute the decline to administrators at both Utah and BYU freezing then-superior USU out of the newly forming WAC. USUs other teams remained in that conference until the school was invited to join the WAC in 2005. Later on, Utah State joined the Mountain West Conference in July 2013, again following departures by Utah, former head coach Gary Andersen led the team to new heights. In 2011, he led the team to the Famous Idaho Potato Bowl, Andersen left the program following the 2012 season. He was replaced by his offensive coordinator, Matt Wells who coached the Aggies in their inaugural year as members of the Mountain West Conference. Coach Wells was awarded the Mountain West Coach of the Year award, Utah States home games are played on Merlin Olsen Field at Maverik Stadium
14.
Battle of the Brothers
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The Battle of the Brothers is an American college football rivalry between the Utah Utes of the University of Utah and Utah State Aggies from Utah State University. For much of its history, whenever the two played in Salt Lake City, it was held on Thanksgiving Day. However, this aspect of the rivalry ended in 1958, since 1959, no meeting has been played on Thanksgiving Day, and more recently, the meeting has been held in September as one of the first games of the season for both teams. Utah and Utah State have not competed in the conference since 1961. In the 1970s, Utah and its fans turned their sights towards Brigham Young University as their biggest rival, following the Utes 2015 win, no further meetings have been scheduled, and it is unclear when the rivalry will resume. Until,1957 the Aggies were known as the Utah State Agricultural College, or Utah A. C. Beehive Boot List of most played college football rivalries in NCAA Division I
15.
Colorado Buffaloes football
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The Colorado Buffaloes football program represents the University of Colorado Boulder in college football at the NCAA Division I FBS level. The team is currently a member of the Pac-12 Conference, having previously been a member of the Big 12 Conference. Before joining the Big 12, they were members of the Big Eight Conference, the CU football team has played at Folsom Field since 1924. The Buffs all-time record is 694–493–36 prior to the Valero Alamo Bowl at the end of the 2016 season, Colorado won a National Championship in 1990. The football program is 23rd on the all-time win list and 30th in all-time winning percentage, the football team also has the distinction of being the all-time NCAA leader in 4th down conversions. They are one of two NCAA Division I teams to complete a 5th down conversion and this was a result of a mistake by the officials and happened on a play displayed by chaincrew as the 4th down. Beginning in 1890, Colorado football has enjoyed success throughout its 125+ years of competitive play. Folsom Field was built in 1924, and since then, Colorado has a 308–169–14 record at home through the 2016 season, the road game against the Nebraska Cornhuskers on November 24,2006 was Colorados 1, 100th football game. The game on September 12,2015 against Massachusetts was the schools 1, Colorado won its first national championship in 1990 under the direction of head coach Bill McCartney, who helmed the team from 1982 to 1994. The national title was split with Georgia Tech who won the United Press International Coaches Poll, whereas Colorado won the Associated Press and Football Writers Association of America polls. The largest arguments against Colorado were that they had a loss and a tie, whereas Georgia Tech had a tie and no losses, and Colorados unfair win in the Fifth Down Game against Missouri. Another major controversy was a Colorados Orange Bowl win over Notre Dame, the major argument for Colorado was that they played a more difficult schedule than Georgia Tech. Colorado capped the season with a 10–9 win over Notre Dame in the Orange Bowl, Colorados tie came against Tennessee, who was ranked #8, the first week of the season when Colorado was ranked #5. The second week gave the Buffs a scare, scoring with 12 seconds left in the game on a 4th, the next week gave Colorado its only loss of the season, losing 23–22 to Illinois and dropping Colorado to #20 in the polls. Colorado then went on to teams ranked #22 Texas, #12 Washington, #22 Oklahoma. They ended the season 7–0 in the Big Eight Conference for the second straight season and they then capped the season with a win over Notre Dame who were number 1 until a loss in their second to last game of the regular season. A traditional college football rivalry with the Nebraska Cornhuskers restarted in the 1980s when Bill McCartney declared the conference opponent to be their rival and his theory was since Nebraska was such a powerhouse team, if Colorado was able to beat them then they would be a good team. Colorado began to repeatedly threaten Nebraska in the late 1980s, following their win over the Huskers in 1986, in 1990, Colorado beat Nebraska 27–12 in Lincoln for the first time since 1967, en route to their first national title
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Rumble in the Rockies
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The Rumble in the Rockies is an American college football rivalry between the University of Colorado Buffaloes from Boulder and the University of Utah Utes of Salt Lake City. After nearly five decades of dormancy, the rivalry was revived six years ago in 2011, from 1903 until 1962, Utah and Colorado played each other nearly every year, a total of 57 games. At that time, it was the second-most played rivalry for both teams, after the 1962 meeting, a second consecutive win by Utah, the teams stopped playing each other in football. As part of the 2010–13 NCAA conference realignment, both Utah and Colorado joined the Pac-12 in 2011 and were placed in its new South Division, they met that year on Black Friday in Salt Lake. The second game since the realignment was at Boulder and was the first Black Friday college football game to be telecast by the Fox Broadcasting Company. Prior to the resumption of the rivalry, Colorado played Nebraska on Thanksgiving weekend since the formation of the Big 12 Conference in 1996 in front of a television audience. Before 1996 in the Big Eight, Nebraska traditionally ended its season with rival Oklahoma, while CU had no strong conference rivalry. Utah traditionally played nearby rival BYU of Provo in the heated Holy War on Thanksgiving weekend, they have met every year since 1946, the CU–NU rivalry went on hold when Nebraska joined the Big Ten in 2011, while Utahs game with BYU was moved to mid-September. BYU left the Mountain West Conference to become a independent in 2011. Despite the near half-century hiatus, the Colorado–Utah rivalry remains the fifth-most played rivalry in Utahs history, for 38 years, Utah and Colorado were members of the same conference. From 1910 to 1937, they played in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, and were both members of the Mountain States Athletic Conference from 1938 to 1947. Of those 38 seasons, either Utah or Colorado won at least a share of the conference title 27 times, the two schools shared the Mountain States Conference title in 1942. The most notable meetings during this era occurred in 1936 and 1937 and he ran for one touchdown from scrimmage that day, and threw for another. But the future Supreme Court justice was most dominant on special teams, as the punter, White kept Utahs offense backed up all game. And as a returner, he also returned one kickoff. Although Utah was favored to win, Colorado won 31–7, Utahs lone touchdown in the game was a kickoff return for a touchdown by Joseph Wirthlin. In 1937, Colorado went into Salt Lake undefeated and unchallenged – having outscored opponents 162–6 en route to a 5–0 record, however, they found themselves trailing Utah at halftime 7–0. But from there, Whizzer White took control of the game, White first got CU on the board with a third-quarter field goal
17.
Utah Utes
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The Utah Utes are the athletics teams representing the University of Utah. They are named after the Ute tribe of Native Americans, currently Utah competes in the Pac-12 Conference, after it was announced on June 17,2010, that the Utes would join the conference in all sports, beginning in the 2011–2012 academic year. They are the third Pac-12 member to have spent time in the Western Athletic Conference. They are also the first school to leave the Mountain West Conference since it was formed in 1999, Utah offers 7 mens varsity sports—baseball, basketball, football, golf, skiing, swimming & diving, and tennis. Utah offers 10 womens varsity sports—basketball, cross country, gymnastics, skiing, soccer, softball, swimming & diving, tennis, track & field, Utah has 21 NCAA team national championships. Their current home stadium, Rice–Eccles Stadium, was built in 1998 on the site of their former home, the Utes have a record of 13–4 in bowl games, which is the highest percentage in the nation for teams who have been to more than ten bowls. They have won conference championships, including six in a row from 1928 to 1933 when they were part of the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference. After a twenty-eight year stretch of not playing in a bowl game, the team was the first Mountain West Conference team, as well as the first team from a non-BCS conference, to play in and win a BCS bowl. The Utes have a 104–44 record since the beginning of the 2000 season, along the way, Utah engineered an eighteen-game winning streak. The Utes played the Big East Conference champion Pittsburgh Panthers in the 2005 Fiesta Bowl, the Utes finished the season ranked #4 in the AP poll. Later that year Alex Smith, who was Utahs quarterback for the 2003 and 2004 seasons, was drafted #1 by the San Francisco 49ers in the 2005 NFL Draft and he became the first player in the state of Utah to ever be drafted first. This culminated in the University of Utah becoming the first school in history to produce two #1 professional draft picks in the year when Andrew Bogut became the #1 pick in the 2005 NBA Draft. Utah is currently coached by Kyle Whittingham, who took over for Urban Meyer after Meyer left Utah for Florida after two seasons with the Utes. During the 2008 season, Utah again went undefeated with a 13–0 record, the Utes finished the season ranked #2 in the AP poll. In Whittinghams seven years the Utes are 65–25 overall and 39–18 in conference play and have won six bowl games, on June 17,2010, the University of Utah officially accepted an invitation to join the Pac-12. The Runnin Utes basketball program has the 9th most wins among college basketball programs, the Utes have made 27 NCAA Tournament appearances, which ranks 7th all-time, while the Utes 10 outright conference championships is the 5th best in NCAA history. The Utes are coached by former NBA head coach Larry Krystowiak, individual success has been a big part of Utah athletics, as many successful players and coaches have been a part of the rich Utah tradition. Other notable players that have gone on to play in the NBA are Delon Wright, Andre Miller, Keith Van Horn, Michael Doleac, Danny Vranes and Tom Chambers
18.
University of Utah
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The University of Utah is a public coeducational space-grant research university in Salt Lake City, Utah, United States. As the states flagship university, the university more than 100 undergraduate majors. The university is classified in the highest ranking, R-1, Doctoral Universities – Highest Research Activity by the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, the Carnegie Classification also considers the university as selective, which is its second most selective admissions category. Quinney College of Law and the School of Medicine, Utahs only medical school, as of Fall 2015, there are 23,909 undergraduate students and 7,764 graduate students, for an enrollment total of 31,673. The university was established in 1850 as the University of Deseret by the General Assembly of the provisional State of Deseret and it received its current name in 1892, four years before Utah attained statehood, and moved to its current location in 1900. The university ranks among the top 50 U. S. universities by total research expenditures with over $486 million spent in 2014, in addition, the universitys Honors College has been reviewed among 50 leading national Honors Colleges in the U. S. The university has also ranked the 12th most ideologically diverse university in the country. The universitys athletic teams, the Utes, participate in NCAA Division I athletics as a member of the Pac-12 Conference and its football team has received national attention for winning the 2005 Fiesta Bowl and the 2009 Sugar Bowl. A Board of Regents was organized by Brigham Young to establish a university in the Salt Lake Valley, early classes were held in private homes or wherever space could be found. The university closed in 1853 due to lack of funds and lack of feeder schools, the university moved out of the council house into the Union Academy building in 1876 and into Union Square in 1884. Additional Fort Douglas land has granted to the university over the years. Upon his death in 1900, Dr. John R. Park bequeathed his fortune to the university. One third of the faculty resigned in protest of these dismissals, the controversy was largely resolved when Kingsbury resigned in 1916, but university operations were again interrupted by World War I, and later The Great Depression and World War II. Student enrollment dropped to a low of 3,418 during the last year of World War II, ray Olpin made substantial additions to campus following the war, and enrollment reached 12,000 by the time he retired in 1964. Growth continued in the decades as the university developed into a research center for fields such as computer science. During the 2002 Winter Olympics, the university hosted the Olympic Village, the University of Utah Asia Campus opened as an international branch campus in the Incheon Global Campus in Songdo, Incheon, South Korea in 2014. Three other European and American universities are also participating, the Asia Campus was funded by the South Korean government. Campus takes up 1,534 acres, including the Health Sciences complex, Research Park and it is located on the east bench of the Salt Lake Valley, close to the Wasatch Range and approximately 2 miles east of downtown Salt Lake City
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College football
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It was through college football play that American football rules first gained popularity in the United States. No minor league farm organizations exist in American football and it is in college football where a players performance directly impacts his chances of playing professional football. The best collegiate players will declare for the professional draft after 3 to 4 years of collegiate competition. Those not selected can still attempt to land an NFL roster spot as a free agent. Even after the emergence of the professional National Football League, college football remained extremely popular throughout the U. S, in many cases, college stadiums employ bench-style seating, as opposed to individual seats with backs and arm rests. This allows them to more fans in a given amount of space than the typical professional stadium. College athletes, unlike players in the NFL, are not permitted by the NCAA to be paid salaries, colleges are only allowed to provide non-monetary compensation such as athletic scholarships that provide for tuition, housing, and books. Modern North American football has its origins in various games, all known as football, by the 1840s, students at Rugby School were playing a game in which players were able to pick up the ball and run with it, a sport later known as Rugby football. The game was taken to Canada by British soldiers stationed there and was soon being played at Canadian colleges, the first documented gridiron football match was a game played at University College, a college of the University of Toronto, November 9,1861. One of the participants in the game involving University of Toronto students was William Mulock, a football club was formed at the university soon afterward, although its rules of play at this stage are unclear. In 1864, at Trinity College, also a college of the University of Toronto, F. Barlow Cumberland, modern Canadian football is widely regarded as having originated with a game played in Montreal, in 1865, when British Army officers played local civilians. The game gradually gained a following, and the Montreal Football Club was formed in 1868, early games appear to have had much in common with the traditional mob football played in England. The games remained largely unorganized until the 19th century, when games of football began to be played on college campuses. Each school played its own variety of football, Princeton University students played a game called ballown as early as 1820. A Harvard tradition known as Bloody Monday began in 1827, which consisted of a mass ballgame between the freshman and sophomore classes, in 1860, both the town police and the college authorities agreed the Bloody Monday had to go. The Harvard students responded by going into mourning for a figure called Football Fightum. The authorities held firm and it was a dozen years before football was again played at Harvard. Dartmouth played its own version called Old division football, the rules of which were first published in 1871, all of these games, and others, shared certain commonalities
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NCAA Division I
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Division I is the highest level of intercollegiate athletics sanctioned by the National Collegiate Athletic Association in the United States. This level was called the University Division of the NCAA, in contrast to the lower level College Division. For football only, Division I was further subdivided in 1978 into Division I-A, Division I-AA, in 2006, Division I-A and I-AA were renamed Football Bowl Subdivision and Football Championship Subdivision, respectively. FCS teams are allowed to award scholarships, a practice technically allowed. FBS teams also have to meet attendance requirements, while FCS teams do not need to meet minimum attendance requirements. Another difference is post season play, starting with the 2014 postseason, a four-team playoff called the College Football Playoff, replaced the previous one game championship format. Even so, Division I FBS football is still the only NCAA sport in which a champion is not determined by an NCAA-sanctioned championship event. All D-I schools must field teams in at least seven sports for men and seven for women or six for men and eight for women, with at least two team sports for each gender. Division I schools must meet minimum financial aid awards for their athletics program, Several other NCAA sanctioned minimums and differences that distinguish Division I from Divisions II and III. Each playing season has to be represented by each gender as well, there are contest and participant minimums for each sport, as well as scheduling criteria. Mens and womens teams have to play all but two games against Division I teams, for men, they must play one-third of all their contests in the home arena. The NCAA has limits on the financial aid each Division I member may award in each sport that the school sponsors. Equivalency sports, in which the NCAA limits the total financial aid that a school can offer in a sport to the equivalent of a set number of full scholarships. Roster limitations may or may not apply, depending on the sport, the term counter is also key to this concept. The NCAA defines a counter as an individual who is receiving financial aid that is countable against the aid limitations in a sport. The number of scholarships that Division I members may award in sport is listed below. In this table, scholarship numbers for head-count sports are indicated without a point, for equivalency sports, they are listed with a decimal point. An exception exists for players at non-scholarship FCS programs who receive aid in another sport, participants in basketball are counted in that sport, unless they also play football
21.
Bowl game
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In North America, a bowl game is one of a number of post-season college football games that are primarily played by teams belonging to the NCAAs Division I Football Bowl Subdivision. Prior to 2002, bowl game statistics were not included in career totals. The term bowl originated from the Rose Bowl stadium, site of the first post-season college football games, the Rose Bowl Stadium, in turn, takes its name and bowl-shaped design from the Yale Bowl, the prototype of many football stadiums in the United States. The term has become almost synonymous with any major American football event. In professional football, the names of the National Football League s Super Bowl, the use of the term has crossed over into professional and collegiate Canadian football. A notable example is the annual Banjo Bowl between the Winnipeg Blue Bombers and Saskatchewan Roughriders of the Canadian Football League, U Sports plays two semi-final bowl games before the Vanier Cup national championship game, the Uteck Bowl and the Mitchell Bowl. The matchups are determined on a rotation basis, with the Uteck Bowl being played at the easternmost host team. The history of the game began with the 1902 Tournament East-West football game. The Tournament of Roses eventually sponsored an annual contest starting with the 1916 Tournament East-West Football Game, with the 1923 Rose Bowl it began to be played at the newly completed Rose Bowl stadium, and thus the contest itself became known as the Rose Bowl game. The name bowl to describe the games comes from the Rose Bowl stadium. Other cities saw the value for tourism that the Tournament of Roses parade and Rose Bowl carried. The label bowl was attached to the name, even though the games were not always played in bowl-shaped stadiums. The historic timing of bowl games, around the new year, is the result of two factors—warm climate and ease of travel. The original bowls began in warm climates such as Southern California, Louisiana, Florida and Texas as a way to promote the area for tourism and business. Since commercial air travel was either non-existent or very limited, the games were scheduled well after the end of the season to allow fans to travel to the game site. As the number of games has increased, the number of games a team would need to win to be invited to a bowl game has decreased. With a 12-game schedule, a number of teams with only 5 wins have been invited to a bowl game, as of the completion of the 2016 season, the University of Alabama has played in more bowl games than any other school, with 64 appearances. Alabama also holds the record for most bowl victories with 37, the Florida State Seminoles have the longest active streak of consecutive bowl appearances with 35
22.
Bowl Championship Series
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The system was in place for the 1998 through 2013 seasons and in 2014 was replaced by the College Football Playoff. The BCS was created to end split championships and for the champion to win the title on the field between the two selected by the BCS. The system also selected match-ups for four other prestigious BCS bowl games, the ten teams selected included the conference champion from each of the six Automatic Qualifying conferences plus four others. The BCS was created by agreement by those six conferences. For the 1998 through 2005 seasons eight teams competed in four BCS bowls and it had been in place since the 1998 season. The BCS replaced the Bowl Alliance, in place from 1995 to 1997, prior to the Bowl Coalitions creation in 1992, the AP Polls number one and two teams had met in a bowl game only 8 times in 56 seasons. The APs top two teams met 13 out of the 16 seasons the BCS was in place, in the 2014 season, the BCS was discontinued and replaced by the College Football Playoff, which organizes a four-team playoff and national championship game. The NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision is the only NCAA-sponsored sport without an officially organized NCAA tournament to determine its champion, instead, the postseason has historically consisted of individual bowl games. The bowl system began in 1902 with the first ever East-West game in Pasadena, California and this game was an exhibition game pitting a highly rated team from the west coast against a team from east of the Mississippi River. This was a time for a postseason game, as fans could take off work or school during this holiday period to travel to the game. In the first game, the University of Michigan Wolverines represented the east, due to the lopsided victory the game did not resume until 1916. The game was renamed the Rose Bowl in the 1920s when play shifted to the Rose Bowl stadium, by the 1930s, the Cotton Bowl Classic, Orange Bowl, and the Sugar Bowl were also held on January 1 to showcase teams from other regions of the country. By the 1940s, college football conferences began signing contracts that tied their team to a particular bowl. This system raised the possibility that the two top-ranked teams in the poll would not play each other in a bowl game. Under these circumstances, it was not uncommon to have the Coaches Poll crown a different national champion than the AP Poll and this situation arose a total of ten different seasons before BCS was formed. For example, in 1991, the University of Miami Hurricanes, since the Huskies were locked into the Rose Bowl as the Pac-10 Conference champion against Big Ten champion Michigan, they could not play then-independent Miami, who played in the Orange Bowl. Both teams won their bowl games convincingly and shared the championship, Miami winning the Associated Press poll. A split national championship has happened on occasions since then as well
23.
Fiesta Bowl
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The Fiesta Bowl is an American college football bowl game played annually at the University of Phoenix Stadium in Glendale, Arizona. Between its origination in 1971 and 2006, the game was hosted in Tempe, as of November 2016, it is sponsored by PlayStation. From 1996 through the January 2014 game, Frito-Lay was the title sponsor through its Tostitos tortilla chip brand. Other previous sponsors include Sunkist and IBM, in 1998, the Fiesta Bowl became part of the Bowl Championship Series, and before 2006 every four years was the designee for the national championship game. The Fiesta Bowl was born from the Western Athletic Conferences frustrated attempts to obtain bowl invitations for its champions, in 1968 and 1969 respectively, champions Wyoming and Arizona State failed to secure any bowl selection. The next year, undefeated Arizona State was bypassed by the bowls and had to settle for an appearance in the less prestigious Peach Bowl. The Fiesta Bowl therefore initially provided a berth for the WAC champion. In its first decade of existence, the Fiesta Bowl was played in the last week of December, the 1971 inaugural game featured another top-ten Arizona State squad against top-twenty opponent Florida State. The 1974 game featured WAC champ BYU and their new coach, BYU was in control until BYUs first All-American quarterback Gary Sheide went down with a leg injury and eventually lost 16–6. By 1975, the game was able to attract Big Eight co-champion Nebraska to play undefeated Arizona State in a matchup of top-five teams. In 1977, the game was able to attract a top-five opponent in Penn State, despite WAC champion #16 BYU refusing to play in the bowl due to its being held on Sunday. In 1978, Arizona and Arizona State both joined the Pac-10 Conference and the Fiesta Bowls tie-in with the WAC ended. The game continued to attract high quality matchups, so beginning with the 1981 game the Fiesta Bowl shifted to New Years Day alongside the major bowl games—the Cotton, Orange, Sugar, and Rose. The Fiesta Bowl was the first bowl game to acquire a title sponsor when it became the Sunkist Fiesta Bowl starting with the 1986 game. A major breakthrough occurred after the 1986 season when the top two teams in the country, Miami and Penn State, agreed to play for the de facto national championship in the Fiesta Bowl. At the time, the four major bowl games granted automatic bids to their conference champions. Both Miami and Penn State were independents at that time, and were free to choose a bowl. The Fiesta Bowl won the bidding and the game was set to be played on January 2, Penn State won 14–10 over Miami, and the game drew the largest television audience in the history of college football at the time
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Sugar Bowl
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The Sugar Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game played in the Mercedes-Benz Superdome in New Orleans, Louisiana. The Sugar Bowl has been played annually since January 1,1935, the Sugar Bowl, along with the Orange Bowl and Sun Bowl, are the second-oldest bowl games in the country, behind the Rose Bowl Game. The Sugar Bowl is also a member of the College Football Playoff, presently, its official title is the Allstate Sugar Bowl after its current sponsor, the Allstate insurance company. The Sugar Bowl has had a longstanding — albeit not exclusive — relationship with the Southeastern Conference, from 1950 to 1995, only once did the Sugar Bowl not feature an SEC team. The SECs opponent varied from year to year, but was often the runner-up of the Big 8 or SWC, or a major independent. Since 2015, The Sugar Bowl, along with the Rose, Orange, Cotton, Peach and it hosted a playoff semifinal following the 2014 season, and will next host one following the 2017 season. As a member of the Bowl Championship Series, the Sugar Bowl hosted the BCS National Championship Game twice. However, from the 2006 season to the 2013 season, the BCS National Championship Game had been a stand-alone event, the payout for the 2006 game was $14–17 million per participating team. According to Sports Illustrated, the 2007 salary for Sugar Bowl CEO Paul Hoolahan was $607,500, in 1890, Pasadena, California held its first Tournament of Roses Parade to showcase the citys mild weather compared to the harsh winters in northern cities. As one of the said, In New York, people are buried in snow. Here, our flowers are blooming and our oranges are about to bear, lets hold a festival to tell the world about our paradise. In 1902, the festival was enhanced by adding a football game. In 1926, leaders in Miami, Florida decided to do the same with a Fiesta of the American Tropics that was centered around a New Years Day football game, although a second Fiesta was never held, Miami leaders later revived the idea with the Palm Festival. The football game and associated festivities of the Palm Festival were soon named the Orange Bowl. In New Orleans, Louisiana, the idea of a New Years Day football game was first presented in 1927 by Colonel James M. Thomson, publisher of the New Orleans Item, and Sports Editor Fred Digby. Every year thereafter, Digby repeated calls for action, and even came up with the name Sugar Bowl for his football game. By 1935, enough support had been garnered for the first Sugar Bowl, the game was played in Tulane Stadium, which had been built in 1926 on Tulane Universitys campus. Warren V. Miller, the first president of the New Orleans Mid-Winter Sports Association, much controversy preceded the 1956 Sugar Bowl, when Bobby Griers Pitt Panthers met the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets
25.
2005 Fiesta Bowl
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The 2005 Tostitos Fiesta Bowl, played on January 1,2005, was the 34th edition of the Fiesta Bowl. The game was played between Utah and Pittsburgh, in front of 73,519 fans, Utah was led by co-head coaches Urban Meyer and Kyle Whittingham, and quarterback Alex Smith directed his spread offense. The Utes were nothing short of unstoppable during the season, having won all their games by at least 14 points. They played key games against Texas A&M and North Carolina. Utah was a successful team that broke many school records, including most wins in a single season with 12,16 straight wins. Going into the game, Utah had been ranked in the Top 10 for 8 consecutive weeks, Pittsburgh was 8–3 and the Big East Conference champion. Utah raced to a 28–0 lead and held on for a convincing 35–7 win, Alex Smith had a magnificent showing, completing 29 of 37 passes for 328 yards and 4 touchdowns, as he went on to impress NFL scouts and became the number 1 overall draft pick. He was also the MWC Offensive Player of the Year, TSN Player of the Year, a Walter Camp finalist, a Davey OBrien finalist, finished fourth in the Heisman voting, and the Fiesta Bowl MVP. Paris Warren was Smiths go-to man during the game, as he caught a Fiesta Bowl record 15 passes for 198 yards and 2 touchdowns, list of historically significant college football games http, //utahutes. cstv. com/sports/m-footbl/recaps/010205aab. html
26.
Pittsburgh Panthers football
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The Pittsburgh Panthers football is the intercollegiate football team of the University of Pittsburgh, often referred to as Pitt, located in Pittsburgh. As of the 2013 season, Pitt competes as a member of the Atlantic Coast Conference, Pitt has claimed nine national championships and is among the top 20 college football programs in terms of all-time wins. The Panthers are currently coached by Pat Narduzzi, a 130-pound WUP student, Bert Smyers, along with senior student John Scott, assembled a football team that year composed of only three players who had previously witnessed the sport. The team played in one game, a loss against Shady Side Academy, in which Smyers made himself quarterback. In Smyers case, his uniform was pieced together by his mother and sister, the first official game for the university was played on October 11,1890, when the Allegheny Athletic Associations opponent, Shadyside Academy, failed to appear for its game at Exposition Park. Allegheny A. A. called Smyers who brought the WUP team as a replacement, in an inglorious start to Pitt football history, WUP was defeated 38–0. Smyers team next faced Washington and Jefferson College, losing 32–0, the following season saw the university collect more losses en route to a 2–5 record. Smyers suffered a nose in a 40–6 loss to Washington and Jefferson. Perhaps the most important development for the season of football was Smyers recruitment of Joseph Trees from Normal University of Pennsylvania. The 210 pound Trees became WUPs first subsidized athlete and, later in life, made millions in the oil industry and became an important benefactor for the university and athletic department. Today, Trees Hall, a facility on the University of Pittsburghs main campus in the Oakland section of Pittsburgh. The first winning record for the university came in the season of competition in 1892. The following season in 1893, the team had its first official coach, Anson F. Harrold, who led the team to an unremarkable 1–4 record. However, during that season the first contest was played in what would become a 96-game series versus Penn State, in 1895, the school suffered a 1–6 season under coach J. P. Linn. The 1895 season was notable for the first Backyard Brawl on October 26,1895, with WUP losing to West Virginia 8–0 in Wheeling, the university did not see another winning season until Fred Robinson led WUP to a 5–2–1 record in 1898. In 1899, Robinson continued his success with a 3–1–1 record and this was followed by two more consecutive winning seasons, including a record seven-win season in 1901 under coach Wilbur Hockensmith. That season, Hockensmith led the school to its first victory over West Virginia, in the early years of the 20th century, interest in college football grew both in Pittsburgh and throughout the nation. In 1903, Arthur St. Leger Texas Mosse was hired away from the University of Kansas, other players were recruited from surrounding Western Pennsylvania colleges, including star half back Joseph H. Thompson
27.
2009 Sugar Bowl
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The Sugar Bowl usually takes the champion of the SEC and pits them against an At-Large BCS team. However, with the 2008 SEC Champion, Florida Gators being selected to play for the championship game. The bowl kept their traditional ties with the Southeastern Conference for the second consecutive year though, in the 2009 edition of this bowl game, the No.6 Utes pulled off an upset of the heavily favored No.4 Crimson Tide by a score of 31–17. Utah quarterback Brian Johnson was named Most Outstanding Player of the game, with this win, Utah completed the 2008 season as the only undefeated, 13–0 Division I FBS team in the nation, along with becoming the first team from a non-BCS conference to win two BCS bowls. It was also Utahs first win over a Southeastern Conference school, andre Smith was suspended for the game because he declined to cooperate with an investigation by the schools compliance staff on the issue with his uncles illegal contact with a sports agent. A few days later, he declared himself for the NFL Draft and was the 6th overall pick
28.
Alabama Crimson Tide football
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The Alabama Crimson Tide football program represents the University of Alabama in the sport of American football. The team competes in the Football Bowl Subdivision of the National Collegiate Athletic Association, the team is currently coached by Nick Saban. The Crimson Tide is among the most storied and decorated football programs in NCAA history, since beginning play in 1892, the program claims 16 national championships, including 11 wire-service national titles in the poll-era, and five other titles before the poll-era. From 1958 to 1982, the team was led by Hall of Fame coach Paul Bear Bryant, despite numerous national and conference championships, it was not until 2009 that an Alabama player received a Heisman Trophy, when running back Mark Ingram became the universitys first winner. In 2015, Derrick Henry became the universitys second Heisman winner, Alabama has 878 official victories in NCAA Division I, has won 30 conference championships and has made an NCAA-record 64 postseason bowl appearances. Other NCAA records include 23 winning streaks of 10 games or more and 19 seasons with a 10–0 start, the program has 34 seasons with 10 wins or more, and has 37 bowl victories, both NCAA records. Alabama has completed 10 undefeated seasons,9 of which were perfect seasons, the Crimson Tide leads the SEC West Division with 12 division titles and 11 appearances in the SEC Championship Game. Alabama holds a record against every current and former SEC school. The Associated Press ranks Alabama 4th in all-time final AP Poll appearances, Alabama plays its home games at Bryant–Denny Stadium, located on the campus in Tuscaloosa, Alabama. With a capacity of 101,821, Bryant-Denny is the 8th largest non-racing stadium in the world, Alabama has had 28 head coaches since organized football began in 1892. Adopting the nickname Crimson Tide after the 1907 season, the team has played more than 1,100 games in their 114 seasons, in that time,12 coaches have led the Crimson Tide in postseason bowl games, Wallace Wade, Frank Thomas, Harold D. Red Drew, Bear Bryant, Ray Perkins, Bill Curry, Gene Stallings, Mike DuBose, Dennis Franchione, Mike Shula, Joe Kines, and Nick Saban. Eight of those coaches also won championships, Wade, Thomas, Drew, Bryant, Curry, Stallings, DuBose. During their tenures, Wade, Thomas, Bryant, Stallings, of the 27 different head coaches who have led the Crimson Tide, Wade, Thomas, Bryant, and Stallings have been inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. The current head coach is Nick Saban, who was hired in January 2007, National championships in NCAA FBS college football are debated as the NCAA does not officially award the championship. Despite not naming an official National Champion, the NCAA provides lists of championships awarded by organizations it recognizes, beginning in 1936, the Associated Press began the best-known and most widely circulated poll of sportswriters and broadcasters. Before 1936, national champions were determined by research and retroactive ratings. The criteria for being included in this historical list of poll selectors is that the poll be national in scope, either through distribution in newspaper, television, since World War II, Alabama only claims national championships awarded by the final AP Poll or the final Coaches Poll
29.
YMCA
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The Young Mens Christian Association is a worldwide organisation based in Geneva, Switzerland, with more than 57 million beneficiaries from 125 national associations. It was founded on 6 June 1844 by George Williams in London and aims to put Christian principles into practice by developing a body, mind. These three angles are reflected by the different sides of the triangle—part of all YMCA logos, from its inception, it grew rapidly and ultimately became a worldwide movement founded on the principles of Muscular Christianity. YMCAs continue to be religious organisations, many national or local organisations de-emphasise this aspect, the different local YMCAs are voluntarily affiliated through their national organisations. The national organisations in turn are part of both an Area Alliance and the World Alliance of YMCAs, the World Alliances main motto is empowering young people. It was associated with industrialisation and the movement of people to cities to work. The YMCA combined preaching in the streets and the distribution of religious tracts with a social ministry, philanthropists saw them as places for wholesome recreation that would preserve youth from the temptations of alcohol, gambling, and prostitution and that would promote good citizenship. The YMCA was founded by George Williams, a London draper and he and his colleagues were concerned about the lack of healthy activities for young men in major cities, the options available were usually taverns and brothels. By 1851, there were YMCAs in the United Kingdom, Australia, Belgium, Canada, France, Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland, and the United States. In 1855,99 YMCA delegates from Europe and North America met in Paris at the First World Conference of YMCAs and they discussed joining together in a federation to enhance cooperation amongst individual YMCA societies. This marked the beginning of the World Alliance of YMCAs, the conference adopted the Paris Basis, a common mission for all present and future national YMCAs. Its motto was taken from the Bible, That they all may be one, in 1865 The Fourth World Conference of YMCAs, held in Germany, affirmed the importance of developing the whole individual in body, mind, and spirit. The concept of work through sports, a new concept for the time, was also recognised as part of this muscular Christianity. Today the YMCA is more focused on inspiring youths and their families to exercise, in 1878, World Alliance of YMCAs offices were established in Geneva, Switzerland. Later, in 1900, North American YMCAs, in collaboration with the World Alliance, set up centres to work with emigrants in European ports, as millions of people were leaving for the USA. In 1885, Camp Baldhead, the first residential camp in the United States and North America, was established by A. Sanford and Sumner F. Dudley, both of whom worked for the YMCA. The camp, originally located near Orange Lake in New Jersey, moved to Lake Wawayanda in Sussex County the following year, by 1910, the YMCA was an early influence upon scouting, including the Boy Scouts of America and German Scouting. Edgar M. Robinson, a Chicago-area YMCA administrator, briefly left the YMCA to become the BSAs first director, the Blue Ridge Association for Christian Conferences and Training was formed in 1907, and shortly thereafter built the Blue Ridge Assembly conference centre
30.
Thanksgiving (United States)
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Thanksgiving, or Thanksgiving Day, is a public holiday celebrated on the fourth Thursday of November in the United States. It originated as a harvest festival, Thanksgiving has been celebrated nationally on and off since 1789, after a proclamation by George Washington. Together with Christmas and the New Year, Thanksgiving is a part of the holiday season. The event that Americans commonly call the First Thanksgiving was celebrated by the Pilgrims after their first harvest in the New World in October 1621 and this feast lasted three days, and—as accounted by attendee Edward Winslow—it was attended by 90 Native Americans and 53 Pilgrims. The New England colonists were accustomed to regularly celebrating thanksgivings—days of prayer thanking God for blessings such as military victory or the end of a drought. Setting aside time to give thanks for blessings, along with holding feasts to celebrate a harvest, are both practices that long predate the European settlement of North America. The first documented thanksgiving services in territory belonging to the United States were conducted by Spaniards. Thanksgiving services were routine in what became the Commonwealth of Virginia as early as 1607, with the first permanent settlement of Jamestown, in 1619,38 English settlers arrived at Berkeley Hundred in Charles City County, Virginia. The groups London Company charter specifically required that the day of our ships arrival at the place assigned, in the land of Virginia shall be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God. Americans also trace the Thanksgiving holiday to a 1621 celebration at the Plymouth Plantation, autumn or early winter feasts continued sporadically in later years, first as an impromptu religious observance, and later as a civil tradition. Squanto, a Patuxet Native American who resided with the Wampanoag tribe, taught the Pilgrims how to catch eel and grow corn, squanto had learned the English language during his enslavement in England. The Wampanoag leader Massasoit had given food to the colonists during the first winter when supplies brought from England were insufficient, the Pilgrims celebrated at Plymouth for three days after their first harvest in 1621. Seventeenth-century accounts do not identify this as a thanksgiving observance, rather it followed the harvest and it included 50 persons who were on the Mayflower and 90 Native Americans. The feast was cooked by the four adult Pilgrim women who survived their first winter in the New World, along with young daughters, two colonists gave personal accounts of the 1621 feast in Plymouth. The Pilgrims, most of whom were Separatists, are not to be confused with Puritans, both groups were strict Calvinists, but differed in their views regarding the Church of England. Puritans wished to remain in the Anglican Church and reform it, for as some were thus employed in affairs abroad, others were exercised in fishing, about cod and bass and other fish, of which they took good store, of which every family had their portion. All the summer there was no want, and now began to come in store of fowl, as winter approached, and besides waterfowl there was great store of wild turkeys, of which they took many, besides venison, etc. Besides, they had about a peck a meal a week to a person, or now since harvest, which made many afterwards write so largely of their plenty here to their friends in England, which were not feigned but true reports
31.
World War I
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World War I, also known as the First World War, the Great War, or the War to End All Wars, was a global war originating in Europe that lasted from 28 July 1914 to 11 November 1918. More than 70 million military personnel, including 60 million Europeans, were mobilised in one of the largest wars in history and it was one of the deadliest conflicts in history, and paved the way for major political changes, including revolutions in many of the nations involved. The war drew in all the worlds great powers, assembled in two opposing alliances, the Allies versus the Central Powers of Germany and Austria-Hungary. These alliances were reorganised and expanded as more nations entered the war, Italy, Japan, the trigger for the war was the assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand of Austria, heir to the throne of Austria-Hungary, by Yugoslav nationalist Gavrilo Princip in Sarajevo on 28 June 1914. This set off a crisis when Austria-Hungary delivered an ultimatum to the Kingdom of Serbia. Within weeks, the powers were at war and the conflict soon spread around the world. On 25 July Russia began mobilisation and on 28 July, the Austro-Hungarians declared war on Serbia, Germany presented an ultimatum to Russia to demobilise, and when this was refused, declared war on Russia on 1 August. Germany then invaded neutral Belgium and Luxembourg before moving towards France, after the German march on Paris was halted, what became known as the Western Front settled into a battle of attrition, with a trench line that changed little until 1917. On the Eastern Front, the Russian army was successful against the Austro-Hungarians, in November 1914, the Ottoman Empire joined the Central Powers, opening fronts in the Caucasus, Mesopotamia and the Sinai. In 1915, Italy joined the Allies and Bulgaria joined the Central Powers, Romania joined the Allies in 1916, after a stunning German offensive along the Western Front in the spring of 1918, the Allies rallied and drove back the Germans in a series of successful offensives. By the end of the war or soon after, the German Empire, Russian Empire, Austro-Hungarian Empire, national borders were redrawn, with several independent nations restored or created, and Germanys colonies were parceled out among the victors. During the Paris Peace Conference of 1919, the Big Four imposed their terms in a series of treaties, the League of Nations was formed with the aim of preventing any repetition of such a conflict. This effort failed, and economic depression, renewed nationalism, weakened successor states, and feelings of humiliation eventually contributed to World War II. From the time of its start until the approach of World War II, at the time, it was also sometimes called the war to end war or the war to end all wars due to its then-unparalleled scale and devastation. In Canada, Macleans magazine in October 1914 wrote, Some wars name themselves, during the interwar period, the war was most often called the World War and the Great War in English-speaking countries. Will become the first world war in the sense of the word. These began in 1815, with the Holy Alliance between Prussia, Russia, and Austria, when Germany was united in 1871, Prussia became part of the new German nation. Soon after, in October 1873, German Chancellor Otto von Bismarck negotiated the League of the Three Emperors between the monarchs of Austria-Hungary, Russia and Germany
32.
Joe Maddock (coach)
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Joseph Herbert Maddock was an American college football player and coach. He was an All-Western tackle for the University of Michigans Point-a-Minute football teams in 1902 and 1903 and he also set a Western Conference record in the hammer throw. He later served as a football coach at the University of Utah. Maddock was born in East Jordan, Michigan and began his career at Albion College. In 1901, the 24-year-old Maddock played for Albion football coach Chester Brewer who taught him the Wisconsin style of tackle play, Maddock was so effective against the University of Michigan in 1901 that Coach Fielding H. Yost enticed him to transfer to Michigan. He became a star for Yosts Point-a-Minute teams in 1902 and 1903 and he played tackle and punter at the University of Michigan on Fielding H. Yosts Point-a-Minute teams. Though he was a lineman, Maddock was also used as a carrier in short-yardage situations. As reported by The New York Times, the Wolverines used big Joe Maddock, in Michigans 1903 victory over Minnesota, Maddock, and Willie Heston were the Wolveriness biggest ground gainers. After the game, Coach Yost told reporters, They would not be stopped by ordinary tackles nor by less than three or four Minnesota men, who sometimes had to sit on them to them at all. Maddock gained extensive attention for his role in Michigans 1903 win over Wisconsin by a score of 16–0, Michigan has a series of new plays in which Maddocks multiple duties are possible. On defense, he will tackle, when Wisconsins line is to be bucked Maddock will be full back in plays whose exact nature is a secret. Maddock was selected as a first-team All-Western player in both 1902 and 1903 and he was a unanimous All-Western pick in 1903. Maddock was also a wrestler and member of the University of Michigan track team. In May 1903, he broke the Western Intercollegiate hammer throw record with a throw of 141 feet, Maddock later became a successful coach at the University of Utah and University of Oregon. In 1904, he was hired as the football, basketball and track coach at the University of Utah. When Maddock was hired in September 1904, a Salt Lake City newspaper reported that the team hoped to see some Yost style football, Utah is to see some real Yost football this year. Maddock certainly understands the Michigan system, and with fair material tho University ought to have a team this season that will trim anything in the intermountain country, from 1904 to 1909, he led Utah to a 36–9–1 record. In 1905, a reported that Maddock is the whole goods at Utah
33.
Michigan Wolverines football
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The Michigan Wolverines football program represents the University of Michigan in college football at the NCAA Division I Football Bowl Subdivision level. Michigan has the most all-time wins and the highest winning percentage in college football history, Michigan began competing in intercollegiate football in 1879. The Wolverines joined the Big Ten Conference at its inception in 1896, Michigan has won or shared 42 league titles, and, since the inception of the AP Poll in 1936, has finished in the top 10 a total of 37 times. The Wolverines claim 11 national championships, most recently that of the 1997 squad voted atop the final AP Poll. From 1900 to 1989, Michigan was led by a series of nine head coaches, Fielding H. Fritz Crisler brought his winged helmet from Princeton University in 1938 and led the 1947 Wolverines to a national title and Michigans second Rose Bowl win. Bo Schembechler coached the team for 21 seasons in which he won 13 Big Ten titles and 194 games, a program record. Following Schembechlers retirement, the program was coached by two of his assistants, Gary Moeller and then Lloyd Carr, who maintained the programs overall success over the next 18 years. However, the programs fortunes declined under the two coaches, Rich Rodriguez and Brady Hoke, who were both fired after relatively short tenures. Following Hokes dismissal, Michigan hired Jim Harbaugh on December 30,2014, Harbaugh is a former quarterback of the team, having played for Michigan between 1982 and 1986 under Schembechler. The Michigan Wolverines have featured 78 players that have garnered consensus selection to the College Football All-America Team, Three Wolverines have won the Heisman Trophy, Tom Harmon in 1940, Desmond Howard in 1991, and Charles Woodson in 1997. Gerald Ford, who would become the 38th President of the United States. On May 30,1879, Michigan played its first intercollegiate game against Racine College at White Stocking Park in Chicago. The Chicago Tribune called it the first rugby-football game to be played west of the Alleghenies, midway through the first inning, Irving Kane Pond scored the first touchdown for Michigan. According to Will Perrys history of Michigan football, the crowd responded to Ponds plays with cheers of Pond Forever, in 1881, Michigan played against Harvard in Boston. The game that marked the birth of inter-sectional football, on their way to a game in Chicago in 1887, Michigan players stopped in South Bend, Indiana and introduced football to students at the University of Notre Dame. A November 23 contest marked the inception of the Notre Dame Fighting Irish football program, in 1894, Michigan defeated Cornell, which was the first time in collegiate football history that a western school defeated an established power from the east. By 1898 Amos Alonzo Stagg was fast at work at turning the University of Chicago football program into a powerhouse. Before the final game of the 1898 season, Chicago was 9–1–1 and Michigan was 9–0, Michigan won, 12–11, capturing the programs first conference championship in a game that inspired The Victors, which later became the schools fight song
34.
The Daily News (Texas)
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The Daily News, formerly the Galveston County Daily News and Galveston Daily News, is a newspaper published in Galveston, Texas, United States. It was first published April 11,1842, making it the oldest newspaper in the U. S. state of Texas, the newspaper founded The Dallas Morning News on October 1,1885 as a sister publication. It currently serves as the newspaper of record for the City of Galveston as well as Galveston County, on April 11,1842, George H. French began publication of the Daily News, as a single broadsheet paper. At the time, Texas was an independent Republic, with Sam Houston serving as president, by 1843, Willard Richardson was named editor of the paper and in 1845 decided to purchase the growing publication. S. During the Civil War, the Daily News was briefly published in Houston, after Galveston was occupied by Union forces, alfred Horatio Belo, joined the staff in 1865 and purchased the paper in 1875. By 1885, Belo saw the need for an independent publication in Dallas. In 1923, William Lewis Moody, Jr. a prominent banker, in 1963 the Moody Foundation chose to sell the paper to William P. Hobby, Jr. owner of the Houston Post. The Hobbys, who owned the competing Galveston Tribune, chose to discontinue that publication. In June 1967 Galveston Newspapers Inc. purchased the paper and changed The News to daily morning format. On Sunday November 7,2004 The Daily News absorbed the Texas City Sun, the paper has won first place awards from the Associated Press and the Texas Press Association in editorial writing, headline writing and general excellence, as well as breaking news articles. In November 2011 the paper dropped the Galveston County moniker and returned to its original name and it is currently published by Galveston Newspapers Inc. and owned by the Carmage B. The Wallses also operate the Houston, Texas-based media group, Southern Newspapers Inc and it is Southern Newspapers flagship publication and has a circulation of 33,000 in 2008. It has a weekday circulation of approx. 14,200 and a circulation of approx.14,900. Galveston, Texas List of newspapers in Texas Historic issues of the Galveston Daily News from 1845-1897 The Daily News website Southern Newspapers Inc
35.
Oregon Ducks football
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The Oregon Ducks football program is a college football team for the University of Oregon, located in the U. S. state of Oregon. The team competes at the NCAA Division I level in the FBS and is a member of the Pac-12 Conference, known as the Ducks, the team was commonly called the Webfoots until the mid-1960s. The first football team was fielded in 1894, Oregon plays its home games at the 54,000 seat Autzen Stadium in Eugene, its main rivals are the Oregon State Beavers and the Washington Huskies. The Ducks and Beavers historically end each regular season with the Civil War rivalry game in late November, the football program began in 1894 and played its first game on March 24,1894, defeating Albany College 44–3 under head coach Cal Young. Cal Young left after that first game and J. A, church took over the coaching position in the fall for the rest of the season. Oregon finished the season with two losses and a tie, but went undefeated the following season, winning all four of its games under head coach Percy Benson. In 1899, the team left the state for the first time, playing the California Golden Bears in Berkeley. Oregons largest margin of victory came in 1910 when they defeated the University of Puget Sound 115–0, Bezdek, Oregons first truly professional coach, led the team from 1913 through 1917. A versatile motivator of athletes, during his tenure Bezdek was also the West Coast scout for the Pittsburgh Pirates, in the 1916 season, Oregon went undefeated with seven wins and one tie under Bezdek, shutting out all their opponents except California. They opened the season against Willamette University, defeating them 97–0, the game against Washington ended in a 0–0 tie. The Oregon football team defeated the heavily favored University of Pennsylvania Quakers 14–0, in 1918 Bezdek quit Oregon to become general manager of the Pittsburgh Pirates. He was succeeded by Shy Huntington, one of the heroes of the 1917 Rose Bowl, Oregon lost the 1920 Rose Bowl to Harvard University, 7–6. This would be the teams last bowl appearance until the 1948 Cotton Bowl, prince G. Prink Callison, Oregon native, alumnus, former player and coach of the freshman team, took over from Spears in 1932. Behind standout back Mike Mikulak and a defense, Callison led the 1933 Webfoots to a 9–1 mark and Pacific Coast Conference co-championship. This record would stand as the best in history until 2001. After the homegrown Callison retired in 1937, Oregon again hired a head coach. Oliver returned as coach after the war, eventually posting a mediocre 23–28–3 cumulative record. His 71–7 loss at Texas in 1941 on the day before the attack on Pearl Harbor stands as the most points allowed by any Oregon team, Oliver, in 1945, is the only coach to see his team lose twice to Oregon State in the same season
36.
Fred Bennion
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Fred W. Bennion was an American football player and coach of football, basketball and baseball. In addition, He was the baseball coach at BYU from 1909 to 1912. Bennion was a graduate of the University of Pennsylvania and the University of Utah and he also studied agriculture at Montana State. Following his coaching career, he worked as an agent in Umatilla County, Oregon. He died in 1960 after a short illness, media related to Fred Bennion at Wikimedia Commons Fred Bennion at the College Football Data Warehouse
37.
Nelson Norgren
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Nelson H. Norgren was an American football, basketball, and baseball player and coach. As a coach, he led the University of Utah to a national AAU basketball championship in 1916 and he later served as the basketball coach at the University of Chicago from 1921 to 1957. A native of Chicago, Illinois, Norgren graduated from North Division High School in 1910 and he attended the University of Chicago, where he played football, basketball, track, and baseball, winning 12 letters. He played football for Amos Alonzo Stagg and he was named to Walter Camps College Football All-America Teams in 1912 and 1913. Norgren was the coach of football at Utah from 1914 through 1917. While there, he accumulated a record of 13–11, in 1914, Nelson became the athletic director and basketball coach at the University of Utah. His team won the 1916 AAU national championship, in 1917, he coached Brigham Young University to a second-place finish in the 1917 AAU tournament. In 1921, Norgren was hired by his coach, Amos Alonzo Stagg, as the University of Chicagos assistant football coach. He also coached the baseball team from 1922 to 1926. In 1942, Norgren was elected president of the National Association of Basketball Coaches and he retired as Chicagos basketball coach in 1957. In his 34 seasons as the basketball coach at Chicago. His teams had back-to-back winless seasons in 1951 and 1952 and had a record of 1–49 from 1951–1953. Norgren was inducted into the Helms Athletic Foundation Hall of Fame and the University of Chicago Hall of Fame
38.
Thomas M. Fitzpatrick
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Thomas M. Fitzpatrick was an American football and basketball player, coach of football, basketball, and baseball, and football official. He served as the football coach at the University of Utah from 1919 to 1924. From 1917 to 1925, he was the coach of the Utah mens basketball team, Fitzpatrick was also the head baseball coach at Utah from 1918 to 1921, tallying a mark of 14–8. Fitzpatrick was a native of Montana, after leaving Utah, he moved to Oakland, California to coach high school sports. There he coached football, basketball, and baseball at Roosevelt High School from 1926 to 1944 and he also officiated 12 Rose Bowls, including the 1929 Rose Bowl, famous for Roy Riegelss wrong-way run. Fitzpatrick died on June 24,1986 at the age of 95 and he had been a resident of Aptos, California since 1962. Utah Utes football under Thomas Fitzpatrick Thomas M. Fitzpatrick at the College Football Data Warehouse
39.
Ike Armstrong
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Ike J. Armstrong was an American football player, coach of football, basketball, and track, and college athletics administrator. He served as the football coach at the University of Utah from 1925 to 1949. Under Armstrong, Utah won 13 conference championships, seven in the Rocky Mountain Athletic Conference, armstrongs 25-year tenure is the longest of any Utah Utes football head coach and his 141 wins are the most in program history. Armstrong also coached Utahs basketball and track teams and served as the athletic director. He attended Drake University where he played football as a fullback. From 1950 to 1963, he served the athletic director at the University of Minnesota, Armstrong was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame as a coach in 1957. He died at the age of 88 of pneumonia at the Flagship Convalescent Home in Corona Del Mar, Ike Armstrong at the College Football Hall of Fame Ike Armstrong at the College Football Data Warehouse Ike Armstrong at College Basketball at Sports-Reference. com
40.
Sun Bowl
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The Sun Bowl is an annual American college football bowl game that is usually played at the end of December in El Paso, Texas. The Sun Bowl, along with the Sugar Bowl and the Orange Bowl, are the second-oldest bowl games in the country, behind the Rose Bowl. Games are currently played at Sun Bowl Stadium on the campus of the University of Texas at El Paso, and since 2014 have featured teams from the Atlantic Coast Conference and the Pac-12 Conference. The first game was played on New Years Day of 1935, in most of its early history, the game pitted the champion of the Border Conference against an at-large opponent. The first three were played at El Paso High School stadium, then switched to Kidd Field until the present stadium was ready in 1963. In advance of the 1949 game, Lafayette College turned down an invitation from the Sun Bowl Committee and this bid rejection led to a large student demonstration on the Lafayette campus and in the city of Easton, Pennsylvania against segregation. Due to a winter storm before the 1974 game, followed by warming temperatures as the sun created a rising steam from the field during the first half. The 1992 game was the final head-coaching appearance of 2001 College Football Hall of Fame inductee Grant Teaff of Baylor University, the 1994 game was voted the greatest Sun Bowl ever played, and included four touchdowns by Priest Holmes, as Texas defeated North Carolina. The 2005 Sun Bowl set the record for most points scored, when UCLA defeated Northwestern by a score of 50–38. Since the NCAA started the use of overtime in Division I bowl games in 1995, hyundai later signed a six-year extension, and will sponsor the game through 2019. The Orange Bowl has the ACC champion or the first selection, on the Pac-12 side, the Sun Bowl has the fourth selection, following the College Football Playoff. Two players have been two-time MVPs – Charley Johnson and Billy Stevens, only teams with at least three appearances are listed. The Sun Bowls contract with CBS Sports is the longest continuous relationship between a game and one TV network, spanning since 1968 and running through at least 2019. It is one of two college football games on CBS that does not involve the Southeastern Conference. Although every other year, CBS broadcasts the Notre Dame–Navy game when the latter is playing as the home team, as of 2015, the game is one of only three bowls that is not being carried by the ESPN family of networks. The Cure Bowl is also under contract with CBS Sports and airs on CBS Sports Network, the game traditionally kicks off at High Noon MST, or 2 p. m. EST. Helen of Troy has also sponsored the show, which has recently featured such artists as Los Lonely Boys, The Village People, Baby Bash, David Archuleta, Rihanna. List of college bowl games Official website
41.
New Mexico Lobos football
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The New Mexico Lobos football team is the intercollegiate football team at the University of New Mexico. The Lobos compete as a member of the Mountain West Conference and they have a cumulative record of 449–513–31. Their official colors are cherry and silver, the team is currently coached by Bob Davie. The Lobos play their games at University Stadium. The first New Mexico Lobos football team took the field in 1892, the team didnt have a head coach from 1892-1893 and in 1899. The Lobos didnt field a team from 1895-1898,1900 and 1902. Ralph Hutchinson served as the Lobos head coach from 1911-1916, who compiled yearly records of 0–5, 3–3, 3–1–2 4–1, from 1920-1930, the Lobos were coached by Roy Johnson, who is credited with building the first athletics facilities on campus for the Lobos throughout the 1920s. Chuck Riley became the football coach for the New Mexico Lobos. Under head coach Gwinn Henry, the Lobos posted an 8–1 record in 1934, but they fell off in the next two seasons, posting records of 6–4 in 1935 and 2–7 in 1936. Under head coach Ted Shipkey, who was hired to succeed Henry, the Lobos posted yearly records of 4–4–1, 8–3, 8–2, 5–4, Shipkey resigned after five seasons as head coach. The 1938 season was capped with a 26-0 loss in the 1939 Sun Bowl to Utah, overall, New Mexico was held to 59 yards passing, and was intercepted four times. Furthermore, they were unable to cross Utahs 40-yard line during the entire game, Utah, on the other hand, racked up 366 yards rushing, and outgained the Lobos 384–212. From 1942-1946, the Lobos were led by head coach Willis Barnes, Barnes 1945 team won the Sun Bowl and his 1946 team tied in the Harbor Bowl. His final record at UNM is 16–18–5, as the head football coach at UNM, Berl Huffman struggled to find success on the football field. His three-year tenure produced a record of 8–22–1 that included no winning seasons, the Lobos best season under his watch was a 4–5 mark in 1947. Huffman was fired after three seasons, dudley DeGroot, previously head football coach at West Virginia, was hired to take over the Lobos football program after Huffmans firing. Under DeGroots watch, the Lobos compiled a record of 13–17 in three seasons, which saw the Lobos fortunes improve on the field, DeGroot saw how limited his talents were and decided to concentrate and gamble on an all-out defense. Every facet of defense DeGroot had coached over 30 years came into being at practices, a dedicated and aggressive defense devised by DeGroot and his relentless assistants brought UNM unofficial Defensive Team of the Year honors by all of the major wire services
42.
World War II
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World War II, also known as the Second World War, was a global war that lasted from 1939 to 1945, although related conflicts began earlier. It involved the vast majority of the worlds countries—including all of the great powers—eventually forming two opposing alliances, the Allies and the Axis. It was the most widespread war in history, and directly involved more than 100 million people from over 30 countries. Marked by mass deaths of civilians, including the Holocaust and the bombing of industrial and population centres. These made World War II the deadliest conflict in human history, from late 1939 to early 1941, in a series of campaigns and treaties, Germany conquered or controlled much of continental Europe, and formed the Axis alliance with Italy and Japan. Under the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact of August 1939, Germany and the Soviet Union partitioned and annexed territories of their European neighbours, Poland, Finland, Romania and the Baltic states. In December 1941, Japan attacked the United States and European colonies in the Pacific Ocean, and quickly conquered much of the Western Pacific. The Axis advance halted in 1942 when Japan lost the critical Battle of Midway, near Hawaii, in 1944, the Western Allies invaded German-occupied France, while the Soviet Union regained all of its territorial losses and invaded Germany and its allies. During 1944 and 1945 the Japanese suffered major reverses in mainland Asia in South Central China and Burma, while the Allies crippled the Japanese Navy, thus ended the war in Asia, cementing the total victory of the Allies. World War II altered the political alignment and social structure of the world, the United Nations was established to foster international co-operation and prevent future conflicts. The victorious great powers—the United States, the Soviet Union, China, the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States emerged as rival superpowers, setting the stage for the Cold War, which lasted for the next 46 years. Meanwhile, the influence of European great powers waned, while the decolonisation of Asia, most countries whose industries had been damaged moved towards economic recovery. Political integration, especially in Europe, emerged as an effort to end pre-war enmities, the start of the war in Europe is generally held to be 1 September 1939, beginning with the German invasion of Poland, Britain and France declared war on Germany two days later. The dates for the beginning of war in the Pacific include the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War on 7 July 1937, or even the Japanese invasion of Manchuria on 19 September 1931. Others follow the British historian A. J. P. Taylor, who held that the Sino-Japanese War and war in Europe and its colonies occurred simultaneously and this article uses the conventional dating. Other starting dates sometimes used for World War II include the Italian invasion of Abyssinia on 3 October 1935. The British historian Antony Beevor views the beginning of World War II as the Battles of Khalkhin Gol fought between Japan and the forces of Mongolia and the Soviet Union from May to September 1939, the exact date of the wars end is also not universally agreed upon. It was generally accepted at the time that the war ended with the armistice of 14 August 1945, rather than the formal surrender of Japan
43.
Rice Stadium (University of Utah)
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Robert Rice Stadium was an outdoor athletic stadium in Salt Lake City, Utah, located on the campus of the University of Utah. Originally opened in 1927 as Ute Stadium, it was the home of the Utah Utes football team. Renamed for Robert L. Rice in 1972, it was almost completely demolished after the 1997 season to make way for the Utes current home, Rice–Eccles Stadium, which occupies the same physical footprint. After a record crowd came to the Utes previous home, Cummings Field, to see Utah play Utah State on Thanksgiving Day 1926, a drive began for a larger and more modern stadium. While the state house unanimously approved a loan from the state in order to build a new stadium, to get around the problem, the U of U formed a stadium trust that issued tax-free bonds for the new stadium. The stadium was funded in part by selling tickets to two home games for the next 10 years. The stadium, originally named Ute Stadium, opened in 1927 with a capacity of 20,000. The first college game was a 40–6 Ute victory over Colorado Mines on October 1. It was dedicated three weeks later on October 22 with a 20–13 victory over Colorado, on hand was Crown Prince Gustaf Adolf of Sweden. Originally, the stadium was built of timber and concrete, with earth-fill, for 20 years, a giant pile of dirt stood in the north end zone. In 1947,10,000 seats were added in the north end, the old grass surface was also replaced with AstroTurf. The dressing rooms were remodeled, and the running track was removed. The renovated stadium was dedicated in Rices honor with the start of the 1972 season, in 1982, the field was lowered 9.5 feet, and new seats were built along the sidelines and on the south end. After the 1994 season, the turf was replaced with SportGrass, for many years, the stadium also doubled as an amphitheater during the summer. Although it was noted as one of the more intimate venues in college football, very few Division I-A stadiums remained by then that used timber as a major part of its construction. Several pro football games were played at Ute Stadium. August 23,1947 Brooklyn Dodgers 20-17 Chicago Rockets September 8,1951 Chicago Cardinals 36-21 Los Angeles Rams September 19,1959 New York Giants 17-13 San Francisco 49ers August 16,1963 St. With this in mind, the department decided to completely overhaul the facility to bring it up to modern standards
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University of Utah Circle
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The University of Utah Circle, also known as Presidents Circle, is located on the campus of the University of Utah in Salt Lake City, Utah. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978 as a historic district, in 1900 the University of Utah moved to the current east-bench campus on land that used to belong to Fort Douglas. A. Kletting and named after university president Alfred C. It was originally built to house the normal school, John Widtsoe Building - Designed by Richard K. A. Kletting and named after university president John A. Widtsoe. LeRoy Cowles Building - Designed by Richard K. A, kletting and named after former university president LeRoy E. Cowles in 1980. It was originally constructed to house the library and it currently houses the mathematics department at the university. Extended Vision, a series of etched and screenprinted plates depicting math theories created by artist Anna Campbell Bliss, were installed in the Cowles Buildings lobby between 2001 and 2003, James Talmage Building - Designed by Richard K. A. Kletting and named after professor and university president James E. Talmage in 1976. It was originally constructed as a museum, Park Building - Designed by the architectural firm of Cannon, Fetzer, Hansen. Originally named the Central Building, it was renamed the Park Building in 1919 after former university president John R. Park and it currently houses the office of the president as well as other university administrators. Kingsbury Hall - Designed by Anderson & Young and named after Joseph T. Kingsbury, many of Utahs performing arts organizations started in Kingsbury Hall including Ballet West and Utah Opera. David P. Gardner Hall - Designed by Ashton and Evans, in 1980 it was named after former university president David P. Gardner. It was originally constructed to be the union building, George Thomas Building - Designed by Ashton and Evans and named after former university president George Thomas. It was originally built as the George Thomas Library, in 1968 when the library moved and became the J. Willard Marriott Library the Thomas building became the home of the Utah Museum of Natural History
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University of Minnesota
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The University of Minnesota, Twin Cities is a public research university in Minneapolis and Saint Paul, Minnesota. The Minneapolis and St. Paul campuses are approximately 3 miles apart, and it is the oldest and largest campus within the University of Minnesota system and has the sixth-largest main campus student body in the United States, with 51,147 students in 2013–14. The university is the institution of the University of Minnesota system, and is organized into 19 colleges and schools, with sister campuses in Crookston, Duluth, Morris. Minnesota is one of Americas Public Ivy universities, which refers to top universities in the United States capable of providing a collegiate experience comparable with the Ivy League. Founded in 1851, The University of Minnesota is categorized as an R1 Doctoral University with the highest research activity in the Carnegie Classification of Institutions of Higher Education, Minnesota faculty, alumni, and researchers have won 25 Nobel Prizes and three Pulitzer Prizes. Notable University of Minnesota alumni include two Vice Presidents of the United States, Hubert Humphrey and Walter Mondale, and Bob Dylan, who received the 2016 Nobel Prize in Literature. The University of Minnesota Twin Cities is also a member of the Association of American Universities which is an association of the 62 leading research universities in the United States and Canada. In its 2017 edition, U. S. News & World Report ranked Minnesota 38th in their Best Global University Rankings, the Times Higher Education World University Rankings for 2015 ranks Minnesota 46th in the world. In 2015, Academic Ranking of World Universities ranked the university 11th in the world for mathematics, the University of Minnesota is ranked 14 over-all among the nations top research universities by the Center for Measuring University Performance. The U. S. News & World Reports 2016 rankings placed the program of the University as the 69th-best National University in the United States. Additionally, nineteen of the Universitys graduate-school departments have been ranked in the nations top-twenty by the U. S. National Research Council, in both 2008 and 2012 U. S. News & World Report ranked the College of Pharmacy 2nd in the nation. 2016 U. S. News & Report now rank the College of Pharmacy 2nd in the nation. In 2011, U. S. News & World Report ranked the School of Public Health 8th in the nation, the University of Minnesota ranked 19th in NIH funding in 2008. Minnesota is listed as a Public Ivy in 2001 Greenes Guides The Public Ivies, the university developed Gopher, a precursor to the World Wide Web which used hyperlinks to connect documents across computers on the internet. However, the produced by CERN was favored by the public since it was freely distributed. The University also houses the Charles Babbage Institute, a research, the department has strong roots in early days of supercomputing with Seymour Cray of Cray supercomputers. Notable faculty of the department are Yousef Saad, Vipin Kumar, Jaideep Srivastava, John Riedl, some notable alumni of the department are Ed Chi, Imrich Chlamtac, Leah Culver, Jeff Dean, Mark P. McCahill, Arvind Mithal, and Calvin Mooers. Puffed rice - Alexander P. Anderson led to the discovery of puffed rice, transistorized cardiac pacemaker - Earl Bakken founded Medtronic, where he developed the first external, battery-operated, transistorized, wearable artificial pacemaker in 1957
