Uthman
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Uthman ibn Affan was the third caliph of the Rashidun Caliphate ruling from 644 until his assassination in 656. Uthman, a second cousin, son-in-law, and senior companion of the Islamic prophet Muhamma
Calligraphic seal featuring Uthman's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Sassanid style coins in circulation during the reign of Uthman, (Pahlavi scripts, crescent-star, fire altar, depictions of Khosrow II, Arabic bismillāh in margin).
Uthman's tomb after demolition by Saudi Arabia
Hasan ibn Ali
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Hasan ibn Ali was an Alid political and religious leader. The eldest son of Ali and Fatima and a grandson of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, Hasan briefly ruled as caliph from January 661 until August 6
16th-century Ottoman iconographic depiction of Hasan ibn Ali holding a book and bearing a yataghan on his lap
Calligraphic seal featuring Hasan's name, on display in the Hagia Sophia
A view of the modern-day Kufa, the headquarters of Hasan, and its Great Mosque, where he gave his inaugural speech
Iranian Qajar dynasty tapestry, probably a Shia talisman, depicting Ali with Hasan and Husayn (Library of Congress)