Vellum
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Vellum is prepared animal skin or membrane, typically used as writing material. It is often distinguished from parchment, either by being made from calfskin, rather than the skin of other animals, or
Magna Carta, written in Latin on vellum, held at the British Library
A vellum deed dated 1638, with pendent seal attached
A vellum copy of the Gutenberg Bible owned by the U.S. Library of Congress
A Volume Of Treatises on Natural Science, Philosophy, and Mathematics (1300) Ink on vellum.
Codex
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The codex was the historical ancestor format of the modern book. Technically, the vast majority of modern books use the codex format, of a stack of pages bound at one edge. However, the term codex is
Vellum
…rather than the skin of other animals, or simply by being of a higher quality. Vellum is prepared for writing and printing on single pages, scrolls, and codices. Vellum is generally smooth and durable, but there can be significant variations in texture due to how it is made and the quality of the skin used. The…
The Codex Gigas, 13th century, Bohemia
The scroll was the document form which was replaced by the codex during the late Roman Empire.
Reproduction Roman-style wax tablet, from which the codex evolved
The Book of Kells is an example of a codex that was created during the Middle Ages.